US2636438A - Pump with automatically varying output and pressure - Google Patents

Description

J. G. ROUS'TAN PUMP WITH AUTOMATICALLY VARYING OUTPUT AND PRESSURE Filed Dec. 12, 1946 7 Sheets+$heet l April 28, 1953 J. G. ROUSTAN SURE PUMP WITH AUTOMATICALLY VARYING OUTPUT AND PRES 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 12, 1946 April 1953 J. G. ROUSTAN 2,636,438

PUMP WITH AUTOMATICALLY VARYING OUTPUT AND PRESSURE Filed Dec. 12, 1946 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 April 28, 1953 J. G. ROUSTAN 2,636,438

PUMP WITH AUTOMATICALLY VARYING OUTPUT AND PRESSURE Filed Dec. 12, 1946 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 April 1953 J. G. ROUSTAN 2,636,438

PUMP WITH AUTOMATICALLY VARYING OUTPUT AND PRESSURE Filed Dec. 12, 1946 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 6 ZZM April 1953 J. G. ROUSTAN 2,636,438

PUMP WITH AUTOMATICALLY VARYING OUTPUT AND PRESSURE Filed Dec. 12, 1946 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 April 28, 1953 J. G. ROUSTAN PUMP WITH AUTOMATICALLY VARYING OUTPUT AND PRESSURE 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed Dec. 12, 1946 i A q, 2

IIIIIIIII IIIII IIIIIIIIIII III/I Patented Apr. 28,1953

PUMPWIT H AUTOMAT C LLY VAR I'QG f PU D, P FSWBE 1 1 r. Joseph Gaston Roustan, Boulogne-sur-Seine, c France Q A pplication December 12, 1946, Serial No. 715,749 V. V n-3w? b aiinil ifi Section 1, PublicLaw 690;,August 8,-1946- 14L 1 v.

t Patent expires FebruaryiB we e; mo V hows a modification o f'thelcontrol L r/rj invenuon hes foritsnobject to er'o iejee Fi pumpp d to deliver liquidS m tsio me nior h in: earincluding'an electric regulation or the outputflaccoiiding to a e tm t r-i113; he 1 rtermined function of the delivery pressurecon f. j -H. 5 a. tails f heripressurer operated uens.- i .e A ,sW tt i r th tric1motor e V f 'rhispump may receive the most varied ppl .lf .w. .9-W$? odifiedmounting 0f the d sc cations such as the control of machine tools and QQ I l E the pistons,

the1like, stamping and forgi g D es Since a P14 1 9 llu trat d n Figs. 1 to 4 include a i capable of adjustment to. provide a i fe in Sha t 1 d nth ou any sui able means tremely regula'routput or a quite constant torque i thie gin a q jas ni-el tric motor 2. ,This for-the driving motor whatever the delivery presshaft drives through the fiu tings 3, a sliding sleeve sure conditions may be, while showing. a Small Hie, Q g tudinal displacement of whi h may b bulkand operating with. an extremely high ef- 9 31 19118 5 f i hthefork 5. 'Ihis endin s1ee e ficiency. 7 V PI VWFQU d em l yooposed locations with --The pum accordingtomy inv is of the 1 W0 gY$ te chr'of whi h engages; a roller. 7. swash-plate type in which a swash-plate on a 'Ijhese tyvq r ll by a Straps rigid rotatable drivingishaft carries a non-rotatable W h hg s gv h plate Sfpivotally secured to the .disc mountedin bearings and adapt to efiecta shait lth e h indecency of e. stub-shaft m. variable angle with-said shaft in order to execute 'Ifilis plat thus driven: rotatably through the lon it in l beatsu i i rotation to p f i it Put tmniits umewith reference thereto cate-through said disc a series of pump pi t s 3 15K fi ed S Q I igr position in accordance with rrangedparallel with said shaft and concentrically the longitudinal position. of the sliding. sleeve 4. therewith. A V Fh ub ,or 1 e..swes plate is mounted, It is chiefly characterized by the fact that a etween the hall raceway m abali t s sliding gear with inclined grooves is provided on a disc ld ivhich' may thus execute beats e saidfdriving-shaft to be rotatably driven thereby, ampi tudeoi, which depends on th slo e e and that projections engagin said grooves are reater lll latefl, the beats beingireducedto provided on said swash-Pl te in order tocontrol 29m. WPF KH WPL Q is i 1 1"its normal position its angular position with respect .to. said shaft 103! ;1? fp ndiculartq ph' V v l longitudinally sliding said gear. 7 v 30 ese'beats ar' 'made use'of for actuatinga t Fur c n i s and advantages of t i QiP iQ sJ ?1f an ed ,,annularly after the prese t inventio ill app in t reading o t W9??? 9i aiei ql er'f rii ifci ri Said pistons reiollow-ing description'and from' examination of piocate irrpylindersl5 'fiormed me. stationary corresponding accompanying drawings showing rameprpump'-stator l'!fat"the forward end of -,dia r mm tica11y a d merely y Way of example P12 95mi I1 iv i ish ftfl an associated parts ,yarious terms of execution of the pump according to my invention. r,

7 =1nSaid drawings: f v 1 Y I :Fig'. 1 is a longitudinal cross sectional elevational view ofafirst form of execution. i

Fig, 2 is a. corresponding horizontal crosssection. a

th n. n.

.sithaplate ssum s. n ngle, half I 5 execiute" their suction stroke while 7 v. I a Xec i their delivery stroke. e Fig. 3 is a detail viewillustrating'the automatic j 1 'I'he d s o ntrolledby 'arotary verve output adjusting device. a v v gP q Yi ifffiifl hejsh aii'dincluding as shown y, Fig. 4 is. a cross-section through line IV-IV of Fi 1," 2,and"%1 wogrooves 2| and Z'Z Hin'diapi 2.: e t w P PF 31 y.'PPP QF ela fi pl The groove 2'] "f Fig. 5 is a similar view of a, modification. V ifl'fDQijtnanentljzjgpen communication through Figs. 6 to 8 show, in three different positio s Jil 9 i1 15 t i er "Wfiidhisiri its a modified form of execution of the control means u fi ne dt-wi lT ii t I i p pe 2 51 while the for the-sliding gear. i ent r n mmunication 0 groove '2' v t 5 r 7 Figs. 9 and lo showrespectively in elevational ugh'the channe1s26 and the 'grooveiTwith andhorizontal cross-sections another form of eXe- "q y a lot 2: cutionof the pump. t G PI groove i,--Fig. ;1'1' is a partial-view illustrating a modified 'co inniunicatioh wit form ofexecution of the assembly including a -fside' of the va v ,2 w jiplatew i. o reunichanner fl leads only, and these radial channels are successively in communication during the rotation of the valve 20, first with the groove 2|, and then with the groove 22. Thus this arrangement allows for the simultaneous connection with the suction pipe of all the cylinders wherein the pistons execute their suction stroke while the other cylinders which are executing their delivery stroke are connected with the delivery duct 28. This distribution through a valve may be replaced by any other equivalent system including for instance an automatic or controlled flap valve system.

The control of the sliding sleeve :3, determining the output of the pump, may be manual or. automatic. In the form of execution illustrated, the pump is provided with an automatic control which ensures constant equilibrium between the delivery pressure and the output. To thi end, the pressure of the liquid delivered is adapted to act through the pipe 39 on a piston 31 subjected to the action of a spring 32 of predetermined strength (Fig. 3), When the pressure rises beyond the value corresponding to the strength of the spring, the pistonSl moves leftwards and uncovers the pipe 33 through which the liquid is adapted to act on the piston 34, the leftwards displacement of which efieots pivotin motion of the lever, cam or crank 35 which is urged back by the spring 35a and is rigid with the rock shaft 36 to which is keyed the fork 5 controlling the sliding sleeve 4. This provides a reduction in the output down to zero if required if the pressure continues rising, as may happen for instance if the delivery pipe is closed. Reversely if the pressure decreases, the piston 31 moves towards the right and the piston 34 effects an increase in output. I obtain thus a pump with an automatic stopping and starting and an automatic balancing between the output and the pressure. It is moreover very easy to provide for modifications in the conditions of equilibrium and to obtain a constant driving torque. To this end, it is sufiicient to provide on the lever 35 (Fig. 3) a slope 3'! acting on a roller 38 carried by a lever 39 pivotally mounted at Mia and acting through its end 40 on the plunger piston 4|, which modifies the effort exerted by the spring '32.' It is thus apparent that when the pressure increases, the action of the spring 32 increases so that the pump will feed less under higher pressures.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 5, the suction duct 25 communicates with the groove 2| in the rotary valve 20 through a channel 60 formed inside the valve, while the delivery channel 28 communicates with the groove 22 through two channels 6 I also provided in the valve.

The pump which has just been described always sucks the liquid throughthe same duct 25 for delivering it into the duct 28. In certain applications, it may be of interest to reverse the suction and delivery circuits. It is possible for this purpose to make use of the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 6 to 8 according to which the plate 9 may slope either in one direction. (Fig. 6) or in the opposite direction (Fig. 8) starting from its mean position (Fig; '7). In the position of Fig. 6, the suction is operated through the duct 25 and the delivery through the duct 28, and the circuit is reversed in the case illustrated in Fig. 8. In

th position of Fig. 7'the output is zero. It has been assumed in said figures that the control of thesliding sleeve 4 isobtained through two electromagnets 42-43 which may be selectively or in) energized by means of a pressure operated switch for example of the type illustrated in Fig. 13 and 4 hereafter described with respect to the modification of Fig. 12 but obviously any other equivalent arrangement may be used.

I have shown in Figs. 9 and 10 a modified form of execution of the pump according to my invention; the general arrangement is the same and it is therefore suificient to describe only the differences between the modified form and the pump illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3. A first difierence resides in the fact that each piston I5 is connected with the disc 14 through the agency of a link 44 of which the two ends form spheres or balls constituting parts of universal joints. On the other hand in the pump of Figs. 1 to 3, the disc M was held against rotation through mere friction. In

the case of the pump in Figs. 9 and 10, any movement of the disc in the direction of rotation of the driving shaft I is positively prevented through the tailpiece (Fig. 10) formed thereon and engaging a roller bearing 46 adapted to move inside a groove 41 having the shape of an arc of a circle concentric with reference to the geometrical axis of the pivotal stub-shaft 10.

It will be noticed moreover, that in the case of the pump illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, the suction pipe 25 passes through the center of the rotary valve 20.

I have shown in Fig. 11 a modified form'of execution of the system including the swash-plate 9 and the disc M. According'to this modification, the reactions exerted on the plate 9 are absorbed, no longer by the pivotal stub-shaft I0 as inthe prior cases, but by a ring 48 formed with a spherical bearing concentric with reference to thegeometrical axis of said stub-shaft Ill and against which a suitably shaped washer 49 carried by the swash-plate 9 is adapted to hear. The pivot I0 isthus relieved and subjected to no reaction. In this last modification also, the ball bearing l2 of the preceding arrangements adapted to provide for the control of the disc l4 through the plate 9 is replaced by a frusto-conicalroller bearing assembly 50.

According to my invention, it is also possible to couple on the same shaft two pumpsarranged for instance to either side of the single driving motor, each of said pumps including its own members so as to operate in an entirely independent manner.

It will be noticed moreover that the control of the sliding sleeve 3 may be ensured through any other means different fromthose described hereinabove. I may for instance provide for this'control a small electric motor 5! (see Fig. 12) driving a worm wheel 52 inside an axial tapping 53 of which is screwed a threaded rod 5 3 which undergoes a longitudinal displacement and controls thereby the lever 55 and the fork 5 controlling the sliding gear. The automatic character of the control is obtained through a'piston 56 (Fig. 13) controlled by the output at the delivery end of the pump and adapted to close analternation one of the two electric circuits "5'l58 for producing a rotation of the motor 5|. in either direction.

I have lastly illustrated in Fig. 14 another modification of the mounting of the disc I4 on the swash-plate 9; according to th s modification, the disc is mountedon two -frusto-conical roller bearings 59 arranged symmetrically with reference to the axial plane of the swash plate 9.

The various above described arrangementsallow obtaining a pump having an output .of a great regularity while being of small bulk.v All the movin members can be mounted on roller bearings so that the eficiency is very high. On

the other' hand," it will be noticed that the angle,

through which the thrust-is exertedon each piston, is always extremely "small,- whereby very little reaction is :obtained'on the" Wall of the cylinders, and this still further increases the efficiency A and reduces thewearf' A further advantage of the pumpaccording to" my invention resides'in-the fact thattheautomfor the most various applicationsas,- for instance,

the control of machine tools orofanyapparatuses;

such as stamping" and forging pressesetc.

Obviously certain forms of execution of my invention have been described and illustrated only by way of an explanation and by no means in;a

bindingsense and manymodifications maybe brought thereto without widening. the scope of my invention as defined in accompanying-"claims.

WhatI claimis: V

l. A pump of the swash-plate type having-a rotatable driving shaft, a swash-plate mounted thereon, a disc loosely disposed on said swash plate adapted to assume variable angles with respect to said shaft in order to execute longitudinal beats during its rotation, a series Qf-pump cylinders arranged parallel-to each Qtl'narandin a path concentric with said shaft havingpistons reciprocably operable said disc, an inlet means and an outlet means operatively associated with the pump cylinders, a sliding sleeve rotatably mounted on said driving shaft, said sleeve'having grooves diametrically opposed and inclined with respect to the-axis of said shaft, portions of said swash-plate overlapping said sleeve and projections on said portions'of said'swash-plate engaging said grooves in order to control automatically it's angular position'with respect to said shaft through the sliding of said sleeve.

2. A pump of the swash-plate type having a ro tatable driving shaft, a swash-plate mounted thereon, a disc loosely disposed on said swashplate adapted to assume variable angles with respect to said shaft in order to execute longitudinal beats during its rotation, a series of pump cylinders arranged parallel to each other and in a path concentric with said shaft having pistons reciprocably operable by said disc, an inlet means and an outlet means operatively associated with the pump cylinders, means providing an arcuate groove located in a plane in which the axis of rotation of said shaft lies, a tail piece on said disc, and a roller bearing carried by said tail piece disposed in and guided by said arcuate groove whereby rotary motion of the disc in the direction of rotation of the shaft is prevented and adjustment of the angular position of the swash-plate is permitted.

3. A pump of the swash-plate type having a rotatable driving shaft, a swash-plate mounted thereon, a disc disposed loosely on said swashplate adapted to assume variable angles with respect to said shaft in order to execute longitudinal beats during its rotation, bearings on the swash-plate between which said disc is positioned, a series of pump cylinders arranged parallel to and in a path concentric with said shaft having pistons therein reciprocably operable by said disc, an inlet means and an outlet means operatively associated with the pump cylinders, a sliding sleeve mounted on and rotatable with said driving shaft-a device movable to slide said sleeve, means to automatically-control sliding of said sleeve through the pressure at the delivery-side of thepump cylinders, said sleeve having-grooves diametricallyopposed and inclined with respect to the axis of said shaft, andprojections 'on'said swash-plate engaging said groovesinorder to control' automatically itsangular position with re- ;spect to said shaft through the-sliding of said' sleeve.

.4. A pump of the swash-plate-type having a rotatable driving shaft, a swash-plate mounted thereon, a disc disposed loosely on said swash ;plate adapted to assume variable angles with respect to said shaft in order to execute longitudinal beats,during its rotation, a series of a crank movable to slide said sleeve, a piston subject to the delivery" pressure in the fluid cir-- cuit-of the pump to actuate said device to autoe matically control said sliding sleeve, a spring;

adjustable according to a predetermined function of said pressure acting on said piston in op- 1 position to said pressure, said sleeve having I grooves diametrically opposed and inclined with respect to the axis of said shaft, and projections 3 on said swash-plate engaging said grooves in order to control automatically its angular posi--,; tion with respect to said shaft through the slid ing of said sleeve. Y

5. A pumpof the swash-plate type having a rotatable driving shaft, a swash-plate mounted thereon, a disc disposed loosely on said swashplate adapted to assume variable angles with respect to said shaft in order to execute longitudinal beats during its rotation, a series of pump cylinders arranged parallel to andin a pathcon centric with said shaft having pistons therein reciprocably operable by said disc, an inlet means and an outlet means operatively associated with the pump cylinders, a crank device movable to slide said sleeve, a piston subject to the delivery pressure in the fluid circuit of the pump to actuate said device to automatically control said sliding sleeve, a spring of predetermined strength acting on said device in opposition to said pressure, said device including a cam-shaped portion, a lever engaging said portion, and piston means operable by said delivery pressure to provide a decrease of the output of the pump when delivery pressure increases so as to obtain a constant driving torque for the pump.

6. A pump of the swash-plate type having a rotatable driving shaft, a swash-plate mounted thereon, a disc disposed loosely on said swashplate adapted to assume variable angles with respect to said shaft in order to execute longitudinal beats during its rotation, a series of pumping cylinders arranged parallel to and in a path concentric with said shaft having pistons therein reciprocably operable by said disc, an inlet means and an outlet means operatively associated with the pump cylinders, a sliding sleeve mounted on and rotatable with said driven shaft, said sleeve having grooves diametrically opposed and inclined with respect to the axis of said shaft, projections of said swash-plate engaging said grooves in order to control automatically its angular position with respect to said shaft through the sliding of said gear, an electric motor'tdcontrol operation ofsaid sliding sleeve asa predetermined function of the pressure at thedelivery end of thecylinders, means having contacts to control from'a source of "cur rent the energization of said motor in either di-"' motion of rotation, and means subject to the action'of the pressure of the 'liquid'delivered by" the cylinders to open'and closesaid contacts.

7. A-pumpof the swash-plate type having a casing with an inlet and an outlet; a pumpstator at one end thereof, a rotatable driving shaftjour'nalled in said *casinghnd stator, a swashplate mounted onsaid shaft and rotatable therewith, a disc disposed loosely on said swashplate to assume variable angles with respect to said shaft in order to executelongitudinal beats" through" rotation of" the shaft, said stator having a series of cylindersparallel to each other and in a path concentric with the axis'of saidsh'ai pistons "in said cylinders reciprocable by said disc, a sleeve slidable and rotatable on said shaft having grooves diametrically opposed and inclined'with respect to the axis or" said shaft, p-r-o jecti'ons on said swash-plate engaging said grooves; a rotary control valve means associated With-said cylinders in line with said shaft and mounted longitudinally of said stator, and a ro ck' shaft means operable laterally through said casing to slide said sleeve to-c-ontrolthe position of opening said communication'above that pressure" to' respectively-control the output 'of the pump Number when delivery pressure decreases or increases means on said rock shaft, a first piston'member subject to the delivery pressure, a spring acting on said first piston in opposition to said pressure, means to adjust thetension of said spring to'a tensioncorresponding to a predetermined delivery pressura'a second piston member acting on 'saidcrank means, chambers for said piston members, a pipe establishing communication between the said piston chambers, the first piston member'clo'sing the aperture of said pipe below said predetermined delivery pressure and opening said aperture above said pressure to respectively control the output of thepump when delivery pressure decreases or increases'below or above said predetermined pressure, and a lever 'at opposite ends engaging said crank means and sub- :ject to the action of said pressure so astoobtain a constant driving torque forthe pump. Y

JOSEPH GASTON ROUSTAN;

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date 7 1,364,508 Moody- Jan; 4, 1921 1,416,731 Martin May 23, 1922 1,418,951 Martin June 6, 1922 1,971,601 Dilg Aug. 28, 1934 2,095,316 Davis, -Jr -1 Oct. 12, 1937 2,225,911 Ingoldby Dec. 24, 1940 2,232,976 Schmied Feb. 25, 1941 2,232,984 7 Wahlmark Feb. 25, 1941 2,238,252 Davis, Jr. Apr. 15, 1941 2,256,079 1 Sept. 16, 1941 2,265,232 Hoffer Dec. 9, 1941 2,349,310 Schnell May 23, 1944 2,421,846 Neuland 'June 10, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country v Date 244,631 Great Britain ....1 1925'

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