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US2679475A - Metal blackening composition and method - Google Patents

Metal blackening composition and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US2679475A
US2679475A US267509A US26750952A US2679475A US 2679475 A US2679475 A US 2679475A US 267509 A US267509 A US 267509A US 26750952 A US26750952 A US 26750952A US 2679475 A US2679475 A US 2679475A
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blackening
chloride
composition
metal
metals
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US267509A
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Joseph C Singler
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/565Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/562Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D9/00Electrolytic coating other than with metals
    • C25D9/04Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
    • C25D9/08Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to metal blackening and especially to compositions and methods for use in blackening metals bydipping or plating processes.
  • the general object of the present invention is to provide a novel metal blackening composition which is characterized by its ability to produce a desirable black finish upon metals with the finish being permanently bonded to the base metal.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a basic composition which can be varied slightly to make it adaptable for use in blackening certain special metals by dipping or plating operations.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a metal blackening composition for treating substantially any metal to give it a permanent black surface.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a relatively inexpensive composition and method for use in blackening metals.
  • the present invention broadly relates to a new composition for use in blackening substantially any and all metals, such as brass, copper, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, zinc or cadmium, or alloys of such metals, by a dipping or plating process, and this composition basically comprises relatively large amounts of nickel and ammonium chlorides and small amounts of Rochelle salt and zinc chloride.
  • Example I One specific composition that has been particularly suitable for blackening stainless steel is one which includes the following materials in the quantities (dry weight) indicated:
  • ammonium molybdate seems to be vital to the composition for blackening cadmium by dipping, but a small amount of ammonium molybdate aids in securing the action desired in blackening other metals by an electroplating action. In general, the molybdate appears to speed up the blackening action and give a deep black color on the finished product.
  • sodium chloride is present in the composition primarily as an electrical conductor but it also aids in obtaining the action desired.
  • Example II Another illustration of my composition with the limits of variation in the quantities of materials (dry weight) used for blackening metals such as stainless steel, brass, copper, steel, aluminum and cadmium, or their alloys, would be as follows:
  • Nickel chloride About 6 to 12 oz. Ammonium chloride About 3 to 6 oz. Rochelle salt About to 1 oz. Zinc chloride About to 1 oz. Sodium chloride About 1 to 3 oz. Ammonium molybdate About A; oz. Water 1 gallon
  • the foregoing composition has given excellent results in providing a desirable blackening action on most metals and their alloys. The composition even is satisfactory for use in treating stainless steel. Variations in the compositions within the limits stated vary the speed of the action slightly but do not materially alter the action secured.
  • Zinc articles can be coated by use of my novel composition by either dipping the zinc articles in baskets or by an electroplating process, and cadmium articles can be similarly processed.
  • the articles are the cathodes and the anodes are made from stainless steel or, preferably, nickel.
  • Example I The specific composition set forth in Example I has given particularly good results on metal articles made from the metals indicated, or with a finish surface of such metals. A very black, tightly bonded coat is obtained in only a few minutes by practice of the invention.
  • a composition for blackening metals of the class consisting of brass, copper, nickel, steel, aluminum, zinc, stainless steel, and cadmium by an electroplating process which composition consists essentially of by dry weight, about 8 parts nickel chloride, about 4 parts of ammonium chloride, about 1 part of Rochelle salt, about part of zinc chloride, about 2 parts of sodium chloride, about part of ammonium molybdate, and water.
  • a composition for blackening cadmium by a what I dipping process which composition consists essentially of by dry weight, about 8 parts nickel chloride, about 4 parts of ammonium chloride, about 1 part of Rochelle salt, about parts of zinc chloride, about 2 parts of sodium chloride and a small amount of ammonium molybdate, and water.
  • a composition for use in blackening metals which composition consists essentially of by dry weight about 6 to 12 parts nickel chloride, about 3 to 6 parts ammonium chloride, about to 1 /2 parts of Rochelle salt, about to 1 part zinc chloride, about 1 to 3 parts sodium chloride, at small quantity of ammonium molybdate, and water.
  • a process of blackening a metal surface from the class consisting of steel, brass, copper, aluminum, nickel and cadmium comprising immersing the metal surface in a water bath consisting essentially of per gallon of water about 8 oz. nickel chloride; about 4 oz. of ammonium chloride; about 1 oz. of Rochelle salt; about oz. of zinc chloride; about 2 oz. of sodium chloride; and about oz. of ammonium molybdate, and passing a low voltage electrical current therethrough with the metal as the cathode.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)

Description

Patented May 25, 1954 OFFICE METAL BLACKENING COMPOSITION AND METHOD Joseph C. Singler, Cleveland, Ohio N 0 Drawing.
This invention relates to metal blackening and especially to compositions and methods for use in blackening metals bydipping or plating processes.
Heretofore there have been some efforts made to provide blackened finishes on metals for some uses, but mostly such black finishes would. not have sufiicient adherence to the base metal as to be satisfactory. Furthermore, not all metals could be blackened. Thus previous compositions and methods for blackening metals have, insofar as I am aware, not been completely satisfactory for one or more reasons.
The general object of the present invention is to provide a novel metal blackening composition which is characterized by its ability to produce a desirable black finish upon metals with the finish being permanently bonded to the base metal.
Another object of the invention is to provide a basic composition which can be varied slightly to make it adaptable for use in blackening certain special metals by dipping or plating operations.
Another object of the invention is to provide a metal blackening composition for treating substantially any metal to give it a permanent black surface.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a relatively inexpensive composition and method for use in blackening metals.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will be made more apparent as the specification proceeds.
The present invention broadly relates to a new composition for use in blackening substantially any and all metals, such as brass, copper, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, zinc or cadmium, or alloys of such metals, by a dipping or plating process, and this composition basically comprises relatively large amounts of nickel and ammonium chlorides and small amounts of Rochelle salt and zinc chloride.
Example I One specific composition that has been particularly suitable for blackening stainless steel is one which includes the following materials in the quantities (dry weight) indicated:
About 4 oz. of ammonium chloride;
About 8 02. of nickel chloride;
About 1 oz. of Rochelle salt;
About oz. of zinc chloride;
About 2 oz. of sodium chloride;
About oz. of ammonium molybdate; and About 1 gal. of water.
Application January 21, 1952, Serial No. 267,509
4 Claims. (01. 204-43) Of the materials listed, the ammonium molybdate seems to be vital to the composition for blackening cadmium by dipping, but a small amount of ammonium molybdate aids in securing the action desired in blackening other metals by an electroplating action. In general, the molybdate appears to speed up the blackening action and give a deep black color on the finished product.
It appears that a small amount of sodium chloride is present in the composition primarily as an electrical conductor but it also aids in obtaining the action desired.
Example II Another illustration of my composition with the limits of variation in the quantities of materials (dry weight) used for blackening metals such as stainless steel, brass, copper, steel, aluminum and cadmium, or their alloys, would be as follows:
Nickel chloride About 6 to 12 oz. Ammonium chloride About 3 to 6 oz. Rochelle salt About to 1 oz. Zinc chloride About to 1 oz. Sodium chloride About 1 to 3 oz. Ammonium molybdate About A; oz. Water 1 gallon The foregoing composition has given excellent results in providing a desirable blackening action on most metals and their alloys. The composition even is satisfactory for use in treating stainless steel. Variations in the compositions within the limits stated vary the speed of the action slightly but do not materially alter the action secured.
Zinc articles can be coated by use of my novel composition by either dipping the zinc articles in baskets or by an electroplating process, and cadmium articles can be similarly processed.
Of course, any desired quantity of solution could be made as long as the proportions stated are maintained.
When blackening steel, stainless steel, brass, copper, aluminum or nickel articles, or alloys of such metal, and also for cadmium plated or finished articles, it is very desirable that an electroplating process be used to obtain the desired black finish. Thus, in barrel plating, I might use between 6 and 9 volts with amperes of electrical energy flowing through the plating solution. In still plating, only about 4 to 6 volts would be required with about the same amperage of current flow.
It will be appreciated that before articles are blackened by my improved process, these articles 3 should be cleaned by dipping them in conventional cleaning solutions maintained at about 140 F. The articles next would be washed thoroughly in water before being blackened.
When blackening articles by electroplating in accordance with the invention, the articles are the cathodes and the anodes are made from stainless steel or, preferably, nickel.
The specific composition set forth in Example I has given particularly good results on metal articles made from the metals indicated, or with a finish surface of such metals. A very black, tightly bonded coat is obtained in only a few minutes by practice of the invention.
While two complete embodiments of the invention have been disclosed herein, it will be appreciated that modifications of these particular embodiments of the invention may be resorted to without departing from the scop of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, claim is:
1. A composition for blackening metals of the class consisting of brass, copper, nickel, steel, aluminum, zinc, stainless steel, and cadmium by an electroplating process, which composition consists essentially of by dry weight, about 8 parts nickel chloride, about 4 parts of ammonium chloride, about 1 part of Rochelle salt, about part of zinc chloride, about 2 parts of sodium chloride, about part of ammonium molybdate, and water.
2. A composition for blackening cadmium by a what I dipping process, which composition consists essentially of by dry weight, about 8 parts nickel chloride, about 4 parts of ammonium chloride, about 1 part of Rochelle salt, about parts of zinc chloride, about 2 parts of sodium chloride and a small amount of ammonium molybdate, and water.
3. A composition for use in blackening metals, which composition consists essentially of by dry weight about 6 to 12 parts nickel chloride, about 3 to 6 parts ammonium chloride, about to 1 /2 parts of Rochelle salt, about to 1 part zinc chloride, about 1 to 3 parts sodium chloride, at small quantity of ammonium molybdate, and water.
4. A process of blackening a metal surface from the class consisting of steel, brass, copper, aluminum, nickel and cadmium comprising immersing the metal surface in a water bath consisting essentially of per gallon of water about 8 oz. nickel chloride; about 4 oz. of ammonium chloride; about 1 oz. of Rochelle salt; about oz. of zinc chloride; about 2 oz. of sodium chloride; and about oz. of ammonium molybdate, and passing a low voltage electrical current therethrough with the metal as the cathode.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,080,520 Westbrook May 18, 1937 2,228,99 Freed Jan. 14, 1941 2,415,651 Nechamkin Feb. 11, 1947

Claims (1)

  1. 4. A PROCESS OF BLACKENING A METAL SURFACE FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF STEEL, BRASS, COPPER, ALUMINUM, NICKEL AND CADMIUM COMPRISING IMMERSING THE METAL SURFACE IN A WATER BATH CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF PER GALLON OF WATER ABOUT 8 OZ. NICKEL CHLORIDE; ABOUT 4 OZ. AMMONIUM CHLORIDE; ABOUT 1 OZ. OF ROCHELLE SALT; ABOUT 3/4 OZ. OF ZINC CHLORIDE; ABOUT 2 OZ. OF SODIUM CHLORIDE; AND ABOUT 1/4 OZ. OF AMMONIUM, MOLYBDATE, AND PASSING A LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL CURRENT THERETHROUGH WITH THE METAL AS THE CATHODE.
US267509A 1952-01-21 1952-01-21 Metal blackening composition and method Expired - Lifetime US2679475A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2844530A (en) * 1957-02-15 1958-07-22 Int Nickel Co Black nickel plating
US2933422A (en) * 1957-05-31 1960-04-19 Walter A Mason Product and method for coating metals with copper-tellurium compound
US3066055A (en) * 1958-11-10 1962-11-27 Purex Corp Ltd Process and composition for producing aluminum surface conversion coatings
US3097117A (en) * 1961-06-14 1963-07-09 Macdermid Inc Method of and composition for producing electroless black nickel coatings
US3127279A (en) * 1964-03-31 Aqueous black coating composition con-
US3314811A (en) * 1964-01-02 1967-04-18 Mitchell Bradford Chemical Co Metal treating compositions and processes
US3505184A (en) * 1966-02-07 1970-04-07 Enthone Acid zinc electrodepositing
US3899367A (en) * 1974-10-24 1975-08-12 Mitchell Bradford Chemical Co Compositions and methods for blackening hardened steel
US4569731A (en) * 1984-04-25 1986-02-11 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Production of Zn-Ni alloy plated steel strips
US5141778A (en) * 1989-10-12 1992-08-25 Enthone, Incorporated Method of preparing aluminum memory disks having a smooth metal plated finish
US20060213389A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2006-09-28 Pearce Michelle R Compositions and methods for darkening and imparting corrosion-resistant properties to zinc or other active metals

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2080520A (en) * 1935-04-04 1937-05-18 Du Pont Zinc plating
US2228991A (en) * 1936-01-20 1941-01-14 Seymour Mfg Co Production of bright nickel deposit
US2415651A (en) * 1944-02-26 1947-02-11 Hazeltine Research Inc Process for black finishing metals

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2080520A (en) * 1935-04-04 1937-05-18 Du Pont Zinc plating
US2228991A (en) * 1936-01-20 1941-01-14 Seymour Mfg Co Production of bright nickel deposit
US2415651A (en) * 1944-02-26 1947-02-11 Hazeltine Research Inc Process for black finishing metals

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3127279A (en) * 1964-03-31 Aqueous black coating composition con-
US2844530A (en) * 1957-02-15 1958-07-22 Int Nickel Co Black nickel plating
US2933422A (en) * 1957-05-31 1960-04-19 Walter A Mason Product and method for coating metals with copper-tellurium compound
US3066055A (en) * 1958-11-10 1962-11-27 Purex Corp Ltd Process and composition for producing aluminum surface conversion coatings
US3097117A (en) * 1961-06-14 1963-07-09 Macdermid Inc Method of and composition for producing electroless black nickel coatings
US3314811A (en) * 1964-01-02 1967-04-18 Mitchell Bradford Chemical Co Metal treating compositions and processes
US3505184A (en) * 1966-02-07 1970-04-07 Enthone Acid zinc electrodepositing
US3899367A (en) * 1974-10-24 1975-08-12 Mitchell Bradford Chemical Co Compositions and methods for blackening hardened steel
US4569731A (en) * 1984-04-25 1986-02-11 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Production of Zn-Ni alloy plated steel strips
US5141778A (en) * 1989-10-12 1992-08-25 Enthone, Incorporated Method of preparing aluminum memory disks having a smooth metal plated finish
US20060213389A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2006-09-28 Pearce Michelle R Compositions and methods for darkening and imparting corrosion-resistant properties to zinc or other active metals
US7641743B2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2010-01-05 Metal Coatings International Inc. Compositions and methods for darkening and imparting corrosion-resistant properties to zinc or other active metals
US20100297354A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2010-11-25 Metal Coatings International Inc. Compositions and methods for darkening and imparting corrosion-resistant properties to zinc or other active metals

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