US2678896A - Method of making decorative mat coverings of the flexible sheet type - Google Patents
Method of making decorative mat coverings of the flexible sheet type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2678896A US2678896A US142659A US14265950A US2678896A US 2678896 A US2678896 A US 2678896A US 142659 A US142659 A US 142659A US 14265950 A US14265950 A US 14265950A US 2678896 A US2678896 A US 2678896A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- backing
- tiles
- mat
- flexible sheet
- primary backing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005336 Allium ursinum Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 244000003363 Allium ursinum Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/12—Uniting ornamental elements to structures, e.g. mosaic plates
- B44C3/123—Mosaic constructs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1089—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor of discrete laminae to single face of additional lamina
- Y10T156/1092—All laminae planar and face to face
Definitions
- Mats of the type to which my invention has particular application have utility in the ornamental surface finishing of Walls, floors, ceilings, columns and the like, and in the execution of signs, devices, lettering and like designs and motifs.
- the invention has for an object to provide a decorative mat covering which may be readily and economically manufactured, which may be conveniently and efiiciently applied to building construction members, and which will readily conform to the surfaces supporting the same.
- a further object is to provide a method. of making a mat for the purposes described, which will be efiicient and economical in practice and simple and relatively rapid in execution.
- Another object is to provide a decorative mat covering in which a variety of ornamental designs may be arranged with facility and economy.
- the decorative mat covering is constructed upon a primary backing of flexible sheet characteristics of any suitable material permitting the installation thereof against conventional building surfaces or grounds for permanent adhesion thereto.
- a primary backing of flexible sheet characteristics of any suitable material permitting the installation thereof against conventional building surfaces or grounds for permanent adhesion thereto.
- a plurality of tile pieces of glass, ceramics, or like ornamental substances which may be formed or fitted together to efiect a mosaic pattern of any desired shapes or designs, these tiles being customarily spaced apart about their marginal edges to provide ornamental joints which may be pointed up to produce a harmonizing and pleasing surface finish.
- buckram cloth Interposed between the primary backing and the tile pieces carried thereby, is a lamination of buckram cloth, or like substance, having the essential characteristic of ready oxidation by heating, the buckram having been pre-treated with any disintegration-promoting agent, such as sulphuric acid, whereby when the mat assembly is heated, the buckram will undergo substantial decomposition or fall away.
- any suitable adhesive known in the art
- Fig. 1 a fragmentary plan of one form of mat structure to which the invention may be applied;
- Fig. 2 a transverse vertical section taken through a row of tiles as depicted in Fig. l;
- FIG. 3 an enlarged fragmentary plan of the mat in one of the phases of its construction.
- Fig. 1 i Illustrated in Fig. 1 i a form of my invention wherein I provide a primary backing l composed of any material suitable for installation against a building construction surface for permanent adhesion thereto.
- This backing may be of cork, wirecloth or other sheet flexible substance conventional in the art and adapted to withstand the deteriorating effects of dampness, handling in installing, etc.
- buckram strips 2 upon each of which is arranged a plurality of tile pieces 3, of glass, stone, ceramice, or other ornamental material selected for the particular design or device which it is desired to produce.
- the strips are spaced relative to each other to provide marginal channels 4, and the tiles are likewise spaced laterally of each other to form joints which are fillable with a suitable pointing material, as at 5.
- the adhesive may be any of the well known compositions used by those skilled in the art, but preferably of characteristics to resist heat applied in the practice of other forms of the invention.
- the strips are shiftable relative to each other so as to position the tiles in staggered relation whereby to produce the desired pattern in mosaic arrangement, at the same time that the intermediate backing formed by the strips permits the adhesive to penetrate therethrough to bond the tiles to the primary backing.
- the operations involved in bonding the tiles to an intermediate strip backing and then, in turn, bonding the intermediate backing to a primary backing are reduced to the single step of bonding the tiles to the primary backing directly through an adhesive penetrating the intermediate backing.
- Fig. 3 illustrates the application of my invention to a single piece of intermediate backing 6, of buckram or like reticulatedmaterial.
- a characteristic of this fabric is that it shall disintegrate relatively early in the installation of the mat, or when pre-treated as hereinbefore described, to disintegrate or fall away upon the application of heat, as in an oven or like heating chamber within which the assembled mat may be deposited.
- the tiles 3 may be arranged upon the buckram 6 in any desired-formation, leaving marginal spaces 1 between the a'djacent. tile pieces.
- the mat With the adhesive interposed between the tiles and primary backing, and having penetrated the buckram 6, the mat may be'exposed to heat to decompose the buckram.
- the assembled layers constituting the mat having been united, with suitable compression exerted thereupon if desired, the spaces 1 may be pointedup after the installation of the mat upon its supporting surface.
- the primary backing 1 may be of a wire-cloth in the practice of this invention and in this form, the spaces 1 provide a through interstice intermediate the supporting surface .and the outer surface of the mat.
- a bondingagent such as cement, pointing compound, or the like, may be cast into these spaces wherebyto. supplement t -e bonding characteristics of the mat to the supporting surface thereof.
- the herein described method for making a decorative mat covering comprising the steps of treating a reticulated fabric intermediate backing with a fabric-degenerating agent responsive to heat, interposing the intermediate backing between a primary backing and an outer layer of ornametal tiles, applying an adhesive to the intermediate backing for penetration therethrough to cement the tiles to the primary backing, and
- the herein described method for making a decorative mat covering comprising the steps of treating a reticulated fabric intermediate backing with sulphuric acid to promote the degeneration thereof on application of heat thereto, interposing the treated fabric between a primary backing. and an outer layer of tiles, applying an adhesive to the intermediate backing for penetration therethrough to cement the tiles to the primary backing, and subjecting the resultant :mat assembly to heating for the degeneration of the intermediate, backing whereby to effect the intimate bonding of said tiles with the primary References Cited in the file of thispatent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 476,354 Ams June "I, 1892 712,168 Worth Oct. 28, 1902 723,604 Heartfield Mar.
Landscapes
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Description
May 18, 1954 2,678,896
A. DRATLER METHOD OF MAKING DECORATIVE MAT COVERINGS OF THE FLEXIBLE SHEET TYPE Filed Feb. 6, 1950 FIG. I
INVENTOR. ALBERT DRATLER I "35- mama;
Patented May 18, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF MAKING DECORATIVE MAT COVERINGS OF THE FLEXIBLE SHEET TYPE Albert Dratler, West Palm Beach, Fla., assignor to Glass Mosaic Corporation of America, a corporation of Florida Application February 6, 1950, Serial No. 142,659
31, 1949 now abandoned. Mats of the type to which my invention has particular application have utility in the ornamental surface finishing of Walls, floors, ceilings, columns and the like, and in the execution of signs, devices, lettering and like designs and motifs.
' The invention has for an object to provide a decorative mat covering which may be readily and economically manufactured, which may be conveniently and efiiciently applied to building construction members, and which will readily conform to the surfaces supporting the same.-
A further object is to provide a method. of making a mat for the purposes described, which will be efiicient and economical in practice and simple and relatively rapid in execution.
Another object is to provide a decorative mat covering in which a variety of ornamental designs may be arranged with facility and economy.
These and other advantages of my invention will be discernible from the detailed description thereof hereinafter set forth.
According to the invention, the decorative mat covering is constructed upon a primary backing of flexible sheet characteristics of any suitable material permitting the installation thereof against conventional building surfaces or grounds for permanent adhesion thereto. Arranged upon the outer surface of this primary backing is a plurality of tile pieces of glass, ceramics, or like ornamental substances which may be formed or fitted together to efiect a mosaic pattern of any desired shapes or designs, these tiles being customarily spaced apart about their marginal edges to provide ornamental joints which may be pointed up to produce a harmonizing and pleasing surface finish.
Interposed between the primary backing and the tile pieces carried thereby, is a lamination of buckram cloth, or like substance, having the essential characteristic of ready oxidation by heating, the buckram having been pre-treated with any disintegration-promoting agent, such as sulphuric acid, whereby when the mat assembly is heated, the buckram will undergo substantial decomposition or fall away. The back faces of the tile pieces are united to the primary backing with any suitable adhesive known in the art,
this adhesive penetrating the buckram whichserves in my method to support the tile pieces in their design arrangement for transfer to the primary backing.
My invention is exemplified by the mat covering shown in the accompanying drawing in which the views are as follows, like reference numerals designating analogous parts throughout the several figures:
Fig. 1, a fragmentary plan of one form of mat structure to which the invention may be applied;
Fig. 2, a transverse vertical section taken through a row of tiles as depicted in Fig. l; and
Fig. 3, an enlarged fragmentary plan of the mat in one of the phases of its construction.
Illustrated in Fig. 1 i a form of my invention wherein I provide a primary backing l composed of any material suitable for installation against a building construction surface for permanent adhesion thereto. This backing may be of cork, wirecloth or other sheet flexible substance conventional in the art and adapted to withstand the deteriorating effects of dampness, handling in installing, etc.
overlying the primary backing is a layer of buckram strips 2 upon each of which is arranged a plurality of tile pieces 3, of glass, stone, ceramice, or other ornamental material selected for the particular design or device which it is desired to produce. The strips are spaced relative to each other to provide marginal channels 4, and the tiles are likewise spaced laterally of each other to form joints which are fillable with a suitable pointing material, as at 5.
An adhesive substance suitable for uniting the tiles 3 to the primary backing I, is then applied intermediate these members, this adhesive penetrating through the strips 2. The adhesive may be any of the well known compositions used by those skilled in the art, but preferably of characteristics to resist heat applied in the practice of other forms of the invention.
It will be seen that when the tiles are arranged upon the strips, which are in turn arranged upon the primary backing, the uniting phase of my method is accomplished in a single operation.
Again, the strips are shiftable relative to each other so as to position the tiles in staggered relation whereby to produce the desired pattern in mosaic arrangement, at the same time that the intermediate backing formed by the strips permits the adhesive to penetrate therethrough to bond the tiles to the primary backing. Thus, the operations involved in bonding the tiles to an intermediate strip backing and then, in turn, bonding the intermediate backing to a primary backing, are reduced to the single step of bonding the tiles to the primary backing directly through an adhesive penetrating the intermediate backing.
Fig. 3 illustrates the application of my invention to a single piece of intermediate backing 6, of buckram or like reticulatedmaterial. A characteristic of this fabric is that it shall disintegrate relatively early in the installation of the mat, or when pre-treated as hereinbefore described, to disintegrate or fall away upon the application of heat, as in an oven or like heating chamber within which the assembled mat may be deposited. The tiles 3 may be arranged upon the buckram 6 in any desired-formation, leaving marginal spaces 1 between the a'djacent. tile pieces. With the adhesive interposed between the tiles and primary backing, and having penetrated the buckram 6, the mat may be'exposed to heat to decompose the buckram. The assembled layers constituting the mat having been united, with suitable compression exerted thereupon if desired, the spaces 1 may be pointedup after the installation of the mat upon its supporting surface.
It is to be understood that the primary backing 1 may be of a wire-cloth in the practice of this invention and in this form, the spaces 1 provide a through interstice intermediate the supporting surface .and the outer surface of the mat. Thus, a bondingagent, such as cement, pointing compound, or the like, may be cast into these spaces wherebyto. supplement t -e bonding characteristics of the mat to the supporting surface thereof.
Of course, the invention is suceptible to various modifications thereofv without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Having thus described the invention andthe mode of its practice, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:
' 1. The herein described method for making a decorative mat covering, comprising the steps of treating a reticulated fabric intermediate backing with a fabric-degenerating agent responsive to heat, interposing the intermediate backing between a primary backing and an outer layer of ornametal tiles, applying an adhesive to the intermediate backing for penetration therethrough to cement the tiles to the primary backing, and
subjecting the mat assembly to heat for the degeneration of said intermediate backing whereby to effect the intimate bonding of the tiles to said primary backing.
2. The herein described method for making a decorative mat covering,.comprising the steps of treating a reticulated fabric intermediate backing with sulphuric acid to promote the degeneration thereof on application of heat thereto, interposing the treated fabric between a primary backing. and an outer layer of tiles, applying an adhesive to the intermediate backing for penetration therethrough to cement the tiles to the primary backing, and subjecting the resultant :mat assembly to heating for the degeneration of the intermediate, backing whereby to effect the intimate bonding of said tiles with the primary References Cited in the file of thispatent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 476,354 Ams June "I, 1892 712,168 Worth Oct. 28, 1902 723,604 Heartfield Mar. 24,- 1903 738,704 Semmer Sept. 8, 1903 1,024,687 Janpole Apr. 30,1912 1,538,905 Parish May 26, 1925 1,796,272 Stanbrough Mar. 10,1931 1,925,460 Pegram Sept. 5, 1933 1,994,644 Harshberger Mar. 19, 1935 2,281,027 Dennison Apr. 28, 1942
Claims (1)
1. THE HEREIN DESCRIBED METHOD FOR MAKING A DECORATIVE MAT COVERING, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF TREATING A RETICULATED FABRIC INTERMEDIATE BACKING WITH A FABRIC-DEGENERATING AGENT RESPONSIVE TO HEAT, INTERPOSING THE INTERMEDIATE BACKING BETWEEN A PRIMARY BACKING AND AN OUTER LAYER OF ORNAMETAL TILES, APPLYING AN ADHESIVE TO THE IN-
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US142659A US2678896A (en) | 1950-02-06 | 1950-02-06 | Method of making decorative mat coverings of the flexible sheet type |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US142659A US2678896A (en) | 1950-02-06 | 1950-02-06 | Method of making decorative mat coverings of the flexible sheet type |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2678896A true US2678896A (en) | 1954-05-18 |
Family
ID=22500769
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US142659A Expired - Lifetime US2678896A (en) | 1950-02-06 | 1950-02-06 | Method of making decorative mat coverings of the flexible sheet type |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2678896A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2847721A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | 1958-08-19 | Bernard Sage | Simulated brick or the like wallpaper |
| US2931751A (en) * | 1955-05-17 | 1960-04-05 | Gladding Mcbean & Co | Tile and method of sealing and mounting |
| US2982042A (en) * | 1958-04-18 | 1961-05-02 | Tandy Leather Company | Ornamental tile and method of fabrication |
| US3095035A (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1963-06-25 | Int Paper Co | Freight car closure |
| US3118804A (en) * | 1957-05-06 | 1964-01-21 | Wood Products Dev Company Inc | Apparatus for making parquet flooring blocks |
| DE2541633A1 (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1976-04-08 | Schlaepfer & Co Ag | MULTI-LAYER SYSTEM FOR DECORATING AREAS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AND APPLYING THE SAME |
| US4165248A (en) * | 1976-12-01 | 1979-08-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of joining fluorocarbon membrane sheets with quaternary ammonium compounds |
| US4554769A (en) * | 1983-03-24 | 1985-11-26 | Ina Seito Co., Ltd. | Adhesive-backed tile panels and method for installation thereof |
| US20050229520A1 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-10-20 | Svein Julton | Studded plate with fold line |
| WO2005118976A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-15 | Studioart Srl | Covering element, method and machine to produce said covering element |
| US20060003132A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2006-01-05 | Rinox Inc. | Surface covering module having an adhesive barrier membrane |
| US8132377B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2012-03-13 | Isola As | Floor coverings with wooden floors on a substrate, method for the covering of a substrate and use of studded plates |
| US11414876B1 (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-16 | Stanley Anderson | Leveling spacer for tiles |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US476354A (en) * | 1892-06-07 | Max ams | ||
| US712168A (en) * | 1902-06-02 | 1902-10-28 | Charles Worth | Tiling. |
| US723604A (en) * | 1902-08-19 | 1903-03-24 | Charles Henry Heartfield | Transparent decoration. |
| US738704A (en) * | 1903-01-17 | 1903-09-08 | Phillip Semmer | Mosaic. |
| US1024687A (en) * | 1911-04-12 | 1912-04-30 | William M Janpole | Method of making structural elements. |
| US1538905A (en) * | 1921-08-12 | 1925-05-26 | Parish Le Grand | Refractory structure |
| US1796272A (en) * | 1930-04-02 | 1931-03-10 | Harry J Mccoy | Tile board |
| US1925460A (en) * | 1930-09-13 | 1933-09-05 | William O Luly | Surfacing material and method of forming same |
| US1994644A (en) * | 1932-12-09 | 1935-03-19 | Bakelite Building Prod Co Inc | Art of building material |
| US2281027A (en) * | 1940-07-31 | 1942-04-28 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Process for manufacturing laminated articles |
-
1950
- 1950-02-06 US US142659A patent/US2678896A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US476354A (en) * | 1892-06-07 | Max ams | ||
| US712168A (en) * | 1902-06-02 | 1902-10-28 | Charles Worth | Tiling. |
| US723604A (en) * | 1902-08-19 | 1903-03-24 | Charles Henry Heartfield | Transparent decoration. |
| US738704A (en) * | 1903-01-17 | 1903-09-08 | Phillip Semmer | Mosaic. |
| US1024687A (en) * | 1911-04-12 | 1912-04-30 | William M Janpole | Method of making structural elements. |
| US1538905A (en) * | 1921-08-12 | 1925-05-26 | Parish Le Grand | Refractory structure |
| US1796272A (en) * | 1930-04-02 | 1931-03-10 | Harry J Mccoy | Tile board |
| US1925460A (en) * | 1930-09-13 | 1933-09-05 | William O Luly | Surfacing material and method of forming same |
| US1994644A (en) * | 1932-12-09 | 1935-03-19 | Bakelite Building Prod Co Inc | Art of building material |
| US2281027A (en) * | 1940-07-31 | 1942-04-28 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Process for manufacturing laminated articles |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2931751A (en) * | 1955-05-17 | 1960-04-05 | Gladding Mcbean & Co | Tile and method of sealing and mounting |
| US2847721A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | 1958-08-19 | Bernard Sage | Simulated brick or the like wallpaper |
| US3118804A (en) * | 1957-05-06 | 1964-01-21 | Wood Products Dev Company Inc | Apparatus for making parquet flooring blocks |
| US3095035A (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1963-06-25 | Int Paper Co | Freight car closure |
| US2982042A (en) * | 1958-04-18 | 1961-05-02 | Tandy Leather Company | Ornamental tile and method of fabrication |
| DE2560639C2 (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1988-05-26 | Schlaepfer & Co Ag, St. Gallen, Ch | |
| DE2541633A1 (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1976-04-08 | Schlaepfer & Co Ag | MULTI-LAYER SYSTEM FOR DECORATING AREAS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AND APPLYING THE SAME |
| US4165248A (en) * | 1976-12-01 | 1979-08-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of joining fluorocarbon membrane sheets with quaternary ammonium compounds |
| US4554769A (en) * | 1983-03-24 | 1985-11-26 | Ina Seito Co., Ltd. | Adhesive-backed tile panels and method for installation thereof |
| US20050229520A1 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-10-20 | Svein Julton | Studded plate with fold line |
| US7585556B2 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2009-09-08 | Isola As | Studded plate with fold line |
| WO2005118976A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-15 | Studioart Srl | Covering element, method and machine to produce said covering element |
| US20080066410A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2008-03-20 | Studioart Srl | Covering Element, Method And Machine To Produce Said Covering Element |
| RU2363823C2 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2009-08-10 | Студиоарт Срл | Method and device for manufacturing of lining element |
| US20060003132A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2006-01-05 | Rinox Inc. | Surface covering module having an adhesive barrier membrane |
| US8132377B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2012-03-13 | Isola As | Floor coverings with wooden floors on a substrate, method for the covering of a substrate and use of studded plates |
| US11414876B1 (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-16 | Stanley Anderson | Leveling spacer for tiles |
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