US2528717A - Method of electroplating stainless steels and irons - Google Patents
Method of electroplating stainless steels and irons Download PDFInfo
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- US2528717A US2528717A US558163A US55816344A US2528717A US 2528717 A US2528717 A US 2528717A US 558163 A US558163 A US 558163A US 55816344 A US55816344 A US 55816344A US 2528717 A US2528717 A US 2528717A
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- stainless steels
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 title description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical class [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQJTUDIVKSVBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;sulfuric acid;sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].OS(O)(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BQJTUDIVKSVBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003923 scrap metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
Definitions
- My invention relates to improvements in the art of electroplating stainless steels and irons.
- All metals which are electroplated on a ferrous base under any of the present methods of plating offer little protection against the ultimate corrosion of such base due to the fact that the platings are crystalline in structure and vary in porosity, depending either on the metal itself or its method of application.
- Preparation of articles for plating is as important as the plating itself for the production of high quality finishes of adherent impervious metal coatings. It is of the utmost importance that any article to be plated be thoroughly clean.
- Foreign materials likely to adhere to the surfaces are of two kinds; (1) oxides or related products of corrosive influences, such as scale, tarnish or rust; and (2) organic substances such as grease, oil and various forms of dirt. In general, if the grease and corrosion products be removed, other foreign substances will also be eliminated. Generally the corrosion products are oxides removable either by mechanical abrasion or by pickling involving solution in acids.
- the quantity of sulfuric acid employed should be such that, when combined 2 Claims. (01. 204-29) with the water and, in the absence of the inhibiting agent, it will quickly attack and rapidly dlssolve a thin specimen of the steel to be filmed when immersed therein.
- the quantity of the etching-inhibiting agent which may then be added to the sulfuric acid-water solution should be at least sufiicient to prevent the etching of the surface of a specimen of the steel when immersed therein and when said solution is at the temperature to be used in the treatment, which is preferably comparatively high, say from 180 to 220 F. Temperatures lower than 180 may be employed, even room temperatures, but the process proceeds much more rapidly within the preferred temperature range stated above.
- chromic acid As an etching-inhibiting agent I prefer to use chromic acid and I prefer to form it in the sulfuric acid-water solution by incorporating a chromate or a dichromate forming salt therein such, for example, as sodium, potassium or ammonium dichromate. However, it is to be understood that chromic acid may be added as such to the sulfuric acid-water solution. Where chromic acid per se is employed the sulfuric acidwater solution is preferably activated by dissolving therein a small portion of scrap metal of the type to be treated before the chromic acid is added, or by adding small quantities of iron and chromium sulfates. I
- the quantity of free sulfuric acid in the solution as finally formed is somewhat less than that in the initial sulfuric acid-water solution dueto the chromic acid forming reaction, and the final bath employed may contain the following ingredients in about percentages stated:
- the surface of the alloy iron or steel, to be plated may, if desired, be roughened, before it is oxidized, by sanding, pickling, graining, etching or otherwise to obtain the advantages which such treatment may afford in providing a mechanical bond between the base material and the plating although, in the case of stainless steel strip, for example, a very excellent bond is obtained where the;surface, before the oxidation treatment, has been merely subjected to the coarser mill finishes.
- the article After the film forming treatment the article should be washed to remove the acid and, before plating, especially where the oxidized surface is smooth, as in the case where the surface finish of the base metal before oxidation is very smooth, the article should be given a quick anodic dip in a solution of sodium hydroxide at ordinary room temperature and at a low current density, to insure that the surface of the oxide film is chemically clean.
- the anodic-treatment however must not be such, or so long continued, as to remove the oxide film.
- nickel, chromium, cadmium, gold, silver or any other metal susceptible to electroplating may then be applied thereto by any of the well known,
- the drawing is a fragmentary cross section of a plated sheet which is drawn to a greatly exaggerated vertical scale.
- drawing-- 1 represents the ferrous base while 2 and 2 indicate the oxide film on each side thereof, and 3 is'the outer layer of plating, here shown on only one side of the base.
- the method of plating the surface of a stainless steel alloy containing at least 7%, by weight, of chromium which comprises forming in and integral with said surface an adherent, dark colored film of oxide by merely immersingsaid steel in a solution containing, by weight- Percent Water to Free sulfuric acid (1.84 sp. gr.) 15 to 55 Chromic acid 2 to 20 Iron sulfate 0.01 to 10 Chromium sulfate 0.01 to 10 Minor quantities of other sulfates,
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Description
Nov. 7, 1950 C. B METHOD OF ELE ATCHELLER CTROPLATING STAINLESS S LS AND IRONS Oct. 11, 1944 INVENTOR.
J/e/mn/s fia/c/vaV/er ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 7, 1950 METHOD OF ELECTROPLATING STAINLESS STEELS AND IRONS Clements Batcheller, Glens- Falls, N. Y.
Application October 11, 1944, Serial No. 558,163
My invention relates to improvements in the art of electroplating stainless steels and irons.
All metals which are electroplated on a ferrous base under any of the present methods of plating offer little protection against the ultimate corrosion of such base due to the fact that the platings are crystalline in structure and vary in porosity, depending either on the metal itself or its method of application.
One of the precedent requirements which is now considered absolutely essential to the successful electroplating of any metal base is that the base be virtually chemically clean. That is to say, all foreign matter on the surface thereof, such as oxide films, scale, grease, etc., must be completely removed to expose the bare metal or alloy before an adherent metal plating can be applied thereto.
Doctor Mantell in his standard text book Industrial Electro-Chemistry, published in 1940, says:
Preparation of articles for plating is as important as the plating itself for the production of high quality finishes of adherent impervious metal coatings. It is of the utmost importance that any article to be plated be thoroughly clean. Foreign materials likely to adhere to the surfaces are of two kinds; (1) oxides or related products of corrosive influences, such as scale, tarnish or rust; and (2) organic substances such as grease, oil and various forms of dirt. In general, if the grease and corrosion products be removed, other foreign substances will also be eliminated. Generally the corrosion products are oxides removable either by mechanical abrasion or by pickling involving solution in acids.
Quite contrary to the long accepted teachings in the plating art I have discovered that it is possible not only to produce a high grade adherent electroplate directly upon a film of metal oxide which is substantially integral with a ferrous base, but that the presence of such oxide film between the base metal and the plating serves to an appreciable degree as a barrier against the corrosion of the ferrous base, and thus prevents the exudation of rust through the crystalline structure of the electro-deposited metal. The protective films which I apply to the stainless irons or steels are considered to be ferro-ferric oxides, although oxides of chromium, nickel and other alloying constituents in the base metal may be present but in a much lesser quantity than the oxides of iron.
I form the oxide film on the stainless steels and irons by treating the material in a hot solution of sulfuric acid, water and an etching inhibiting agent, preferably an etching inhibiting oxidizing agent. The quantity of sulfuric acid employed should be such that, when combined 2 Claims. (01. 204-29) with the water and, in the absence of the inhibiting agent, it will quickly attack and rapidly dlssolve a thin specimen of the steel to be filmed when immersed therein. The quantity of the etching-inhibiting agent which may then be added to the sulfuric acid-water solution should be at least sufiicient to prevent the etching of the surface of a specimen of the steel when immersed therein and when said solution is at the temperature to be used in the treatment, which is preferably comparatively high, say from 180 to 220 F. Temperatures lower than 180 may be employed, even room temperatures, but the process proceeds much more rapidly within the preferred temperature range stated above.
As an etching-inhibiting agent I prefer to use chromic acid and I prefer to form it in the sulfuric acid-water solution by incorporating a chromate or a dichromate forming salt therein such, for example, as sodium, potassium or ammonium dichromate. However, it is to be understood that chromic acid may be added as such to the sulfuric acid-water solution. Where chromic acid per se is employed the sulfuric acidwater solution is preferably activated by dissolving therein a small portion of scrap metal of the type to be treated before the chromic acid is added, or by adding small quantities of iron and chromium sulfates. I
The quantity of free sulfuric acid in the solution as finally formed, if the chromic acid is formed in the solution by adding a chromate or dichromate, is somewhat less than that in the initial sulfuric acid-water solution dueto the chromic acid forming reaction, and the final bath employed may contain the following ingredients in about percentages stated:
Ingredient: Percentage by weight Water to 55 Free sulfuric acid (1.84 sp. gr.) 15 to 55 Chromic acid 2 to 20 Iron sulfate .01 to 10 Chromium sulfate .01 to 10 Other sulfates or bisulfates and impurities Balance The preferred bath, however, for use in pretreating the steel or iron contains the following ingredients in about percentages stated:
Ingredient: Percentage by weight Water 40 to Free sulfuric acid (1.84 sp. gr.) 30 to 50 Chromic acid 6 to 10 Iron sulfate 0.1 to 1 Chromium sulfate 1 to 2 Other sulfates or bisulfates and impurities Balance By simply immersing the article to be plated in one of the above solutions, preferably with the upon the analysis of the alloy, the surface treatment to which it has been subjected, and the temperature of the solution, a film of dark colored oxides is formed substantially integral with the surface of the metal. Such a film contains oxides of the elements in the alloy, such as iron, chromium and nickel but the treatment does not in any way affect the surface texture and finish of the metal. That is to say, if the surface is highly polished the oxide film will be highly polished; and if the surface is matte, the oxide film will be matte. This film is extremely thin and its thickness is measurable only in Angstrom units.
The surface of the alloy iron or steel, to be plated may, if desired, be roughened, before it is oxidized, by sanding, pickling, graining, etching or otherwise to obtain the advantages which such treatment may afford in providing a mechanical bond between the base material and the plating although, in the case of stainless steel strip, for example, a very excellent bond is obtained where the;surface, before the oxidation treatment, has been merely subjected to the coarser mill finishes. After the film forming treatment the article should be washed to remove the acid and, before plating, especially where the oxidized surface is smooth, as in the case where the surface finish of the base metal before oxidation is very smooth, the article should be given a quick anodic dip in a solution of sodium hydroxide at ordinary room temperature and at a low current density, to insure that the surface of the oxide film is chemically clean. The anodic-treatment however must not be such, or so long continued, as to remove the oxide film. A plating of copper, zinc,
nickel, chromium, cadmium, gold, silver or any other metal susceptible to electroplating may then be applied thereto by any of the well known,
appropriate, electroplating processes for metal to be plated. However, in plating with copper an alkaline electrolyte should be employed because the commonly used copper sulfate-sulfuric acid solution attacks the oxide color film and also the metal beneath the film. Furthermore, the iron in the base material tends to throw the copper out of solution.
The drawing is a fragmentary cross section of a plated sheet which is drawn to a greatly exaggerated vertical scale.
In the drawing-- 1 represents the ferrous base while 2 and 2 indicate the oxide film on each side thereof, and 3 is'the outer layer of plating, here shown on only one side of the base.
While the surfaces of stainless steels are in-' herently highly resistant to corrosion, they are subject to rusting and pitting when exposed to attack by certain media. However, the corrosion resistance of steels and irons containing chromium in a quantity, say 7 or-8%, by weight, sufficient to withstand treatment in the sulfuric acidwater-inhibitor solution in. the manner which I have described, is very greatly enhanced by the presence of the dark colored oxide film formed thereon by said treatment, and bleeding or seepage of rust from the iron base through the plating overlying-said oxide film is substantially prevented.
.What I claim is:
,1. The method of plating the surface of a stainless steel alloy containing at least 7%, by weight, of chromium which comprises forming in and integral with said surface an adherent, dark colored film of oxide by merely immersingsaid steel in a solution containing, by weight- Percent Water to Free sulfuric acid (1.84 sp. gr.) 15 to 55 Chromic acid 2 to 20 Iron sulfate 0.01 to 10 Chromium sulfate 0.01 to 10 Minor quantities of other sulfates,
bisulfates and impurities Balance and thereafter electroplating said oxide filmed surface with copper in an alkaline electrolyte.
2. The method set forth in claim 1 in which the treating solution is maintained at a temperature between about F., and about 220 F.
CLEMENTS BATCHELLER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Dec. 30, 1936 OTHER REFERENCES Journal of the ElectrodepositorsTechnical Society, vol. 14 (1937-38), pages 47, 48; vol. 13 (1937) Paper No. 13, pages 1, 2, 8.
Number Number 458,940
Claims (1)
1. THE METHOD OF PLATING THE SURFACE OF A STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY CONTAINING AT LEAST 7%, BY WEIGHT, OF CHROMIUM WHICH COMPRISES FORMING IN AND INTEGRAL WITH SAID SURFACE AN ADHERENT, DARK COLORED FILM OF OXIDE BY MERELY IMMERSING SAID STEEL IN A SOLUTION CONTAINING, BY WEIGHT-
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US558163A US2528717A (en) | 1944-10-11 | 1944-10-11 | Method of electroplating stainless steels and irons |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US558163A US2528717A (en) | 1944-10-11 | 1944-10-11 | Method of electroplating stainless steels and irons |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2528717A true US2528717A (en) | 1950-11-07 |
Family
ID=24228458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US558163A Expired - Lifetime US2528717A (en) | 1944-10-11 | 1944-10-11 | Method of electroplating stainless steels and irons |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US2528717A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2613280A (en) * | 1950-08-16 | 1952-10-07 | Joseph A Petnel | Telephone dial |
| US2796361A (en) * | 1953-04-15 | 1957-06-18 | Poor & Co | Method of making corrosion protected articles |
| US2971898A (en) * | 1957-07-12 | 1961-02-14 | Altalanos Geptervezoe Iroda | Electroplating ferrous-base molded bodies |
| US4097311A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1978-06-27 | Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Absorption surface of solar collector |
| US4474651A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1984-10-02 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Oil well casing and tubing joint and production of same |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1774269A (en) * | 1929-05-10 | 1930-08-26 | Metals Prot Corp | Plating process |
| GB458940A (en) * | 1935-08-20 | 1936-12-30 | Richard Thomas & Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the production of coatings of tin or tin alloys on metal articles |
| US2133255A (en) * | 1937-05-19 | 1938-10-11 | Percy A E Armstrong | Process of electroplating copper |
| US2172353A (en) * | 1938-11-23 | 1939-09-12 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Coloration of stainless steel |
| US2219554A (en) * | 1938-11-23 | 1940-10-29 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Coloration of stainless steel |
| US2285548A (en) * | 1937-12-01 | 1942-06-09 | Int Nickel Co | Process for electrodepositing an adherent coating of copper on chromium-contanining alloys of iron and/or nickel |
| US2293810A (en) * | 1938-06-22 | 1942-08-25 | Nat Standard Co | Electroplating stainless steel |
| US2363973A (en) * | 1939-07-08 | 1944-11-28 | Revere Copper & Brass Inc | Method of copper plating stainless steel cooking vessels |
| US2375210A (en) * | 1941-01-03 | 1945-05-08 | Batcheller Clements | Alloy steel printing plate |
-
1944
- 1944-10-11 US US558163A patent/US2528717A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1774269A (en) * | 1929-05-10 | 1930-08-26 | Metals Prot Corp | Plating process |
| GB458940A (en) * | 1935-08-20 | 1936-12-30 | Richard Thomas & Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the production of coatings of tin or tin alloys on metal articles |
| US2133255A (en) * | 1937-05-19 | 1938-10-11 | Percy A E Armstrong | Process of electroplating copper |
| US2285548A (en) * | 1937-12-01 | 1942-06-09 | Int Nickel Co | Process for electrodepositing an adherent coating of copper on chromium-contanining alloys of iron and/or nickel |
| US2293810A (en) * | 1938-06-22 | 1942-08-25 | Nat Standard Co | Electroplating stainless steel |
| US2172353A (en) * | 1938-11-23 | 1939-09-12 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Coloration of stainless steel |
| US2219554A (en) * | 1938-11-23 | 1940-10-29 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Coloration of stainless steel |
| US2363973A (en) * | 1939-07-08 | 1944-11-28 | Revere Copper & Brass Inc | Method of copper plating stainless steel cooking vessels |
| US2375210A (en) * | 1941-01-03 | 1945-05-08 | Batcheller Clements | Alloy steel printing plate |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2613280A (en) * | 1950-08-16 | 1952-10-07 | Joseph A Petnel | Telephone dial |
| US2796361A (en) * | 1953-04-15 | 1957-06-18 | Poor & Co | Method of making corrosion protected articles |
| US2971898A (en) * | 1957-07-12 | 1961-02-14 | Altalanos Geptervezoe Iroda | Electroplating ferrous-base molded bodies |
| US4097311A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1978-06-27 | Yazaki Sogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Absorption surface of solar collector |
| US4474651A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1984-10-02 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Oil well casing and tubing joint and production of same |
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