US2508028A - Magazine heating stove - Google Patents

Description

May 16, 1950 E. A. JoNEs MAGAZINE HEATING STOI/'El 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 4, 1943 II I I I I I I I I I I I IIIII HrroRNE/S.

May 16, 1950 E. A. JONES MAGAZINE HEATING STOVE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Deo. 4, 1943 HrToRA/EYS.

Patented May 16, 1950 UNITED STATES ATENT orrice MAGAZINE HEATING STOVE Application December 4, 1943, Serial No. 512,903 3 Claims. (Cl. 126-43) 1 yThe present invention relates to a heater construction, for space heaters, ranges, furnaces, and the like.

More particularly, the invention involves a space heater of the deep fuel box type wherein rawfuel is introduced at the top and the burning of the fuel itself takes place principally at the bottom, but with combustion gases, the mixture of which is determined by controlled air ow upf Wardly, takes place from the bottom to the top of the heater.

It is an object of the invention to provide a heaterv of this kind which attains 4a higher eiliciencythan that obtained in similar heaters-heretofore made.

A particular object is to prov-ide a heater having-1a. fuel box comprising an upper and a lower section, at the lower of which the fuel bur-ns by direct up-draft of air therethrough from the bottom to the top of said lowersection, and with lateral outlet passages from the upper section communicating with secondary air introduced only at said upper sections.

A further object is to provide particularly desirable construction elements to attain the foregoing objectives and to provide means to conduct freshsecondaryvair to the top of the fuel box.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a front'elevation of theheater;

Fig. 2` isa vertical diametrical section through 5 the Vheater showingthe back half thereof;

Fig' 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3-3 at theA upper middle of Fig. 2

Figi l is a horizontal section on the lineA--I at the lower middle of Fig. 2;

Figi.' 5 Vis a transverse section through the air and gas conductors taken on the'line y5--5 just above the middle of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is anenlarged view of the grate supporting means and tile supporting means;

7- is a top View of one of the combustion gas channel members;

Figa. 8 is an outsideelevation of one of the gas channels taken from the bottom of Fig, 7;

Fig.v 9 is a vertical section through the gas channel taken on the line @-9 of Fig. 8; and,A

Fig.` l is a fragmentary view of one of the air channels.

Theheater is generally indicatedgat it. It includes an outer shell tl, preferably of` cylindrical shape, supported on a suitable base l2, and having a cover `I3 enclosing the top thereof.

The. inside-'0f the casing Il is generally divided into four sections. There is an ash compartment (-4,. a-fuel combustion section I5, a fuel and gas :discharge section i6, and: an upper dome section Il. The sections I5 and |16 comprisethe fuellbox,

The ash section has alining- 28. 'It is .also pro,- vided with a draft. controlv and a `clean-out vdoor 2|- The dome section il isprovided: with affuel door 22` with a draft,control` `23. A 'chimney-.24 also leads Yfrom.the domesection l1.

A combination tile (or rfire brick liner), Tand grate support -25 has azprincipal portion 2670iy S- shaped crossgsection, and of Aannular shape tozt within .the-heater. `At spaced .pointscaaroundthe DOrtiGn 2.5' alefCOmbination foot-like: supports 21 and ygrate. prongs 28., The vfoot supports :2lare lodged toengage over the lining 20. .'Iheythere.- by supportv therings 2,5 and the grate prongs 2.8. The prong-s 28 supporta grategmember 29;.ofxfamiliar construction having a .center-portion 3e to receive a .clean-out inner grate (not shown) Suitable means foragitating the, grateffZamay be employedas desired;

The lower `ledge 3l of thev ring parts 2S is de signed t0 support :the vtiles or fire .brick linersof the're box. Those'for the lower `section |51. compriseran annular series of .tiles133 .intertted ,as shown in Fig. and withcomplementary `cut-out portions at the outer cornersv thereof, providing air passages 3dl openatthe bottom andatpthe top. The air passages'llrare not obstructedby the feet '21, `because .the latter are spaced :from the bottom or :therpassages and arey few in number spaced around. the eringf-Z B.

Mounted on thertop-of the tiles SSP-aretiles 36 forming an upper course of :tilesy for -the upper sectionli cfthefuel box. These tiles, as shown in Fig. 3, are -interfitted to provide an annular shaperto thesect-ionl vl 6, .and'to-fit ywithin the louter casing -l L. Atcertain. junctions yof the `tiles 536 there are cutaway portions in facing edgesof adjacent'tiles, -thatare `shaped to receive gas channel members'tl; These are shown in'greater detail in Figs, 749. vAs Fig. 5 shows, these chan,- neis are generally of, channel shane with-an open bottom and a partially closed top TheY bight portion of these channelsecticns isprovi'ded with three openings, The bottom openingd iswi'dely cut away at 4 l` inits lower.portiontol permit ready cleaning outof ashes or fuel `.that might fall into thefchannels. These enlarged; openings; ellwelso, as. willv appear., give large ports for; theapassage `of gasesfrom thefuelbed.

Above: the passagev 4.0;' there isfani elongatedi pas'- sage 42 extending-:almostitothetopiof thefchan.- nelmembers: AbovethefpassageisaLT-shape'd opening 43 immediately beneath the top part 38. This is an egress opening for the gases.

The channel members are provided Iwith indentations 45 adjacent the outer edges thereof. These indentations receive and seat air channels 45, introduced thereinto as appears in Fig. 5. The channels 46 are of a length to terminate at approximately the lower edge of the cross opening part of the T-shaped passage 43 within the gas channels 31. extend downwardly to the bottom of the tiles 36 where they register with the passages 34 in the lower set of tiles 33. Their lateral extent is somewhat greater than that of the passages 34, so that they do not slip down into the latter.

Operation With the removable portion of the grate in place, coal is filled in through the opening 22 up to the top of the fuel box. It will fill the lower section I of the fuel box and also the upper section I6.

The total depth of both sections I5 and I6 is preferably somewhat greater than the inside diameter of the fuel box, and the lower section I5 is not as high as the upper section I6. The upper section may be desirably about twenty-ve per cent higher than the lower section, measured in terms of height of the tiles.

The fire is started in the bottom of the lower section I5. Air passes up through the grates to maintain the combustion. The heated gases in a state of incomplete combustion pass up through the coal bed and find a ready outlet through the several ports and 4I in the gas channels 31. These channels, as distinguished from the air channels 46, receive normally no secondary air. Secondary air, however, does pass up through the channels 46 from the ports 34 within the lower tiles, to mix with the combustion gases at the point of the ports 43, and then is discharged over the top of the fuel bed where substantially complete combustion occurs. There may be burning within the channels 31, but the final mixture of secondary air, occurring at the top of the channels, provides the principal means for complete combustion of the gases.

In the foregoing operation, it will be seen that air is not mixed with the fuel in the lower section I5, beyond that coming up through the grate. Consequently, there is no point for escape of the combustion gases within the lower section other than by discharge into the upper section. This localizes the points of combustion and concentrates the heat therefrom in a way to attain greater eiliciency. The combustion is quite extensive within the dome space I1. Of course, the ultimate discharge takes place into the chimney 24.

The draft control may be made at the door 2l, which has shown on it a, separate draft gate. Similarly, an over-fire draft control is provided by the gate 23. Ashes may be removed through the door 2|, and a conventional shaker mechanism may be used.

Some of the heat from the lower section I5 will pass directly upward through the fuel in the upper section l5, causing this fuel to coke. The gases thus flowing will be oxidized in the dome I1, by the air supplied from the air channels. The drawing oi of gases in the lower parts of the upper section I6 prevents smothering of the fire, by packing of the fuel, or fusing thereof as coking occurs. The restriction of this withdrawal to the upper section provides a definite The air channels 46 otherwise asoaoas 4 section of the fuel bed in which the fuel is burn`' ing from the bottom up.

The disposition of the air passages is suchy as to give pre-heated air at the points of discharge;-

' the casing.

What is claimed is:

l. In a heating device, a fuel box including a casing, a tile lining around the inside surface thereof, channel members interposed into the said tile lining, said channel members including first channel devices, each having its bight portion inwardly of said lining, and openings through said bight portion opening into the fuel box, a second channel device fitted within the first to separate an inner passage from an outer passage, the inner passage registering with said openings, the outer channel devices opening into the said passages adjacent the top thereof but otherwise out of communication therewith, and means to introduce secondary air into the said outer passages.

2. In a heating device, a fuel box including a casing, a refractory lining around the inside surface of the casing and fitting thereagainst, vertical channel members each having a bight portion and legs interposed into the lining at spaced points, said channel members having the bight portions inwardly of the casing and spaced therefrom by the channel legs, means dividing each channel member into an outer passage and an inner passage, said inner passages being in communication with the space defined by said lining and adapted to receive gases therefrom, said outer passages being in communication with said respective inner passages only at the top points of said passages, and means to introduce second'- ary air into the said outer passages.

3. In a heating device, a casing, a refractory lining disposed against the casing, means supporting said lining, said lining including a lower course of refractory members and an upper course of refractory members, channel members interposed in the upper course of refractory members with the bight thereof inwardly disposed, a second channel member disposed in each ofsaid first channel members, the bight of each second channel member inwardly of the casing, said second channel members separating said first channel members into inner and outer passages, openings in the bights of the first channel members communicating the inner passages with the space defined by the lining, said inner passages being closed at the bottom by the lower course of refractory members, said outer passages communicating through the passages provided in said lower course of refractory members with the space below the lining to receive secondary air, said inner and outer passages formed in each of said channel members communicating only at the top, whereby secondary air is supplied to gases of combustion only at the top of the lining.

EDWIN A. JONES.

(References on following page) Number Name Date REFERENCES CITED 1,026,152 Dee May 14, 1912 The following references are of record 1n the 1,707,731 Kerch A912 2) 192g file 0f 11h15 paient: 2,302,929 Allen Nov. 24, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 2,350,597 Esson June 6, 1944 Numb@ Name Date 2,365,675 Blumstengel Dec. 26, 1944 2,367,094 Blumstengel Jan. 9, 1945 183,955 McVean et al Oct. 31, 1876 2 391 144 ESS Dec 18 1945 934,887 Cole Sept. 21, 1909

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