US250087A - livingstone - Google Patents

Description

` (Model.) Y 2 Sheets-Sheetl J. LIVINGSTONE 8v J. WRIGHT.

`HUT WATER AND STEAM BOILER.

Patented Nov. 29,1881.

f/Wa/z (Model.) zsneens-sneetz.

- J. LIVINGSTONE & J. WRIGHT.

f HOT WATER AND STEAM BUTLER.

No. 250,087. Patented Nov. 29,1881.

nUNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JAMES LIVINGSTONE AND JOSEPH WRIGHT, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

HOT-WATER AND STEAM BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,087, dated November 29, 1881.

Application filed December 6, 1880. (Model.) Patented in Canada July 2E), 1870.

To all 'whom it may concern Be it known that we, J AuEs LIvINGsroNE, pattern-maker, and JOSEPH WRIGHT, steamtter, both of the city of Toronto, in the county of York, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Self-FeedingGircnlatingHot- Water and Steam Boilers; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

A Canadian patent of applicants for this invention is dated July 29, 187 9, No. 10,310, and is-extended for a second period of ve years, under No. 11,981, from the 29th day of July, 1884, and is further .extended for a third period of tive years, under No. 11,982, from the 29th day of July, 1889.

Our invention relates more particularly to improvements in self-feeding circulating hotwater and steam boilers for heating public houses and private residences; and our improvement consistsin certain novelties of construction, hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sections on the lines a a and b b, respectively, of Fig. 4. Figs. 3 and 4 are plan views on the lines o c, d d, respectively, ot' Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a top view, with portion of cover removed; Fig. 6, a general elevation,with a portion of the outer casing removed; and Fig. 7 is a detail, in vertical section, showing parts of the adjacent sections A2 and A3 through one of the ports J, which forms the water-communication between these adjacent sections, similarports, J, forming similar connections between the other sections.

A is the boiler,constructed preferably in a cylindrical form, and consisting ot' a number of independent hollow sections, A' A2 A3 A4 A5, placed one on top of the other and bolted together at the joints to'form a single struct ure forming the water-boiler.

In the center of the lower section, A', which is not a water-section, an ash-pit is formed by the upwardly-projecting rib B, which rib also supports the grate C and grate-rin g and de nes the size of the fire-chamber D.

Between the rib B and the outside wall of the lower section, A', a flue, E, is provided to y convey the smoke and products of combustion from the return-nues ofthe boiler to the smokepipe F.

The lower section, A', is provided with a door, a, communicating with a passage leading to the ash-pit, and doors e e, for cleaning the ilue E.

The fire-chamber D is formed by providing a central opening of suficient diameter in the next succeeding sections, A2 A3, which sections, together with the sections A4 A5, placed above, are water-sections, and are constructed with a number of ues, G G', through which the smoke and heated products of combustion pass before they escape into the flue E, as hereinafter explained.

In the next succeeding sections above the lire-chamber sections the diameter of the central opening is contracted to a sutticient size to form a coal-reservoir, H, from which the coal l is fed down into the fire-chamber.

The contraction of the central opening in the sections above the tire-chamber causes them to project considerably over the fire-cham ber, and affords the opportunity for the construction of fiues G therein, which convey the smoke and heated products of combustion upward to the chamber I. This chamber lis formed between` the two upper sections, A4 A5, and is provided for the purpose of changing the direction of the heated currents, as (indicated by arrows, and connects the uptake-lines G with the downtake-ues G', which lead to the lower flue, E, and thence to the chimney.

The llues G in each section are placed to correspond with each other, and form, when the sections are bolted together, continuous lues, which subdivide the body of water in the sections and expose alarge area of heating-surface in addition to the heating-surface exposed to the direct action of the tire. Eachl of the water-sections is provided with Water-ports J, the positions of which on the top and bottom sides of each section correspond, in order that the water may circulate upward from the different sections to the hot-water outlets N N N, of which three(more or less) may be provided. K is the inlet-pipe connecting with the lower water-section, andN N N are the outlet-pipes cona necting with the upper section. At the points where the several water-ports of the different sections come together water and steam tight joints are made with rubber, putty, or in any suitable manner, and the sections are strongly bound together bythe bolts c2 and lugs a3. The remainder of the joint between the sections is stopped with putty, lire-clay, or other cement to prevent the escape of the smoke or gases through the same. v

The upper section, Af", is made concave on its lower face to form the chamber I, and is provided with flues G3, corresponding in position to the ues in the lower sections.

It will be observed, on examination of the drawings of these water-sections, that the water-spaces are shown by broken horizontal lines, and are marked w, and occupy all the space in these sections, except what is required for the flues. The water-spaces and flues are formed in the process of casting these sections in the foundry, which avoids the expenseof putting in wrought-iron tubes, which is generally done in other boilers of this class. We put in wrought-iron tubes, it' required.'

In connection with chamber I a draft-pipe, M, with damper O is provided, which forms a communication between the aforesaid chamber I and the smoke-pipe F, so that in lighting the re a direct draft is obtained by opening the damper O, which will be more active from avoiding the descent in the' return-lines G', and which will be found serviceable from time to time in the usual working ofthe boiler.

In the practical construction ot' our boiler we proportion the sections so as to permit of all the water-spaces and flues being properly spaced off, so that they can without difficulty be taken out with a core in the casting of the samein the foundry. When we use wroughtiron shells we put in tubes with an expanding mandrel.

Referring especially tothe flues G3, it will be observed that the products of combustion do not pass through these ilues, which products,4

on reaching the chamberI, are drawn down the return-lines G' to the flue E and thence to the smoke-pipe, by which they are conveyed to the atmosphere. The outlet of these ues G3 is stopped by the sectional top plate, L, to prevent the upward escape of the smoke therefrom. The plates L are made detachable, in order that a hue-clearer may be inserted into the flues to clean them, when required.

It will be observed that the upper watersection is made shallower than the remaining sections, and that the outlet-pipes N N N connect with this section. The object of this construction is to reduce and subdivide the body of lwater immediately before it passes from the boiler, in order that the heat maybe applied with the greatest eifect. The water is first received into the boiler through the inlet-pipe K in the lowest water-section, and rises from it through the ports J into the next water-section. When this section is full it rises into the next section through similar water-ports, J, and so on. When heated the water becomes lighter and rises up out ofthe boiler, passing through the outlet-pipes N. rlhe water being now in the pipes connecting the boiler with the ranges of pipes in the building, it circulates through them, following their curves and bends, and getting colder in passing through these pipes, some of them at a great distance from the boiler. It descends by other pipes joining the pipe K, and again enters the boiler, having made a complete circuit through the building. It is again in the boiler reheated and makes another similar circuit, and so on. The boiler, however, can be used for steamheating 5 lout it is not necessary to describe the mode of operation for steam, as it would be but a repetition. But little water is used in the hot-water system of heating, because little is wasted, the same water being used over and over again, and when any more is wanted it is fed through the pipe K by pressure vor gravitation.

rlhe construction and operation are simple, and ordinary domestics of the household can manage it readily.

Instead of the two rows of iiues G andthe two rows G', we may use one row ot' larger dues in place of Gand one row of larger ones in place of G'.

The action of our device may be described thus: Water is supplied by gravitation or otherwise to the boiler, and enters therein through the pipe K in the lowest water-section, A2, and on becoming heated loses its density, and rises into the other water-sections, A3 A4 A5, through the water-ports J, and, continuing to rise, it leaves the boiler through 4the pipes N N in uppermost water-section and circulates through the various ranges of pipes in the building, giving out heat through the Said pipes and warming the various apartments thereof, and while circulating through these pipes decreases temperature and increases in density, and descends by other IOO IIO

ranges of pipes connecting with the inlet-pipe v K, by which it re-enters the water-section A2, is again heated, rises and circulates, and, warming the apartments of the building, again descends to the boiler, and so on continuously, as required.

We claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The combination, with'the lower watersections provided with the iiues G G', of the top water-section, A5, said section being recessed on its under side to form the chamber I, and provided with, flues G3, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with a water and steam boiler, A, built up in sections having communicating water-ports JJ J, of the inlet-pipe K, and outlet-pipes N N N, arranged and operating substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. rIhe combination, with the upper section,

IIS

A5, provided with ues G3, corresponding to D, substantially as shown and described, and the fines in the lower sections, ofthe sectional for the purposes set forth. plate L, substantially as and for the purpose Specified i JAMES 'LIVINGsToNn 5 4. In combination with t-he lower section, JOSEPH WRIGHT' A', the second section,A2, the third section, l Witnesses:

A3, the fourth section, A4,and the top section, WILLIAM GILL, A5, the coal-reservoir H, and the rechamber W. GRAY.

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