US2550388A - Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys - Google Patents
Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2550388A US2550388A US593544A US59354445A US2550388A US 2550388 A US2550388 A US 2550388A US 593544 A US593544 A US 593544A US 59354445 A US59354445 A US 59354445A US 2550388 A US2550388 A US 2550388A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- wetting agent
- alloys
- volume
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 ISO OCTYL Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxy radical Chemical class O=C1C=C[CH]C=C1 KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical class CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
Definitions
- This invention relates to the surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys, and more particularly to the use of a non-ionic wettin agent in an anodizing bath for aluminum and its alloys.
- a further object of the invention is to produce in a short anodizing time, at ordinary temperature and at low current density, a thick, uniform and porous anodic coating.
- aluminum article to be treated is first thoroughly cleaned, and then employed as the anode in the electrolysis of a sulfuric acid solution containing a non-ionic wettin agent.
- the amount of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte may vary from 10% to by volume.
- the use of the non-ionic wetting agent in the anodizing bath also made it possible to produce anodic oxide coatings suitable for dyeing, that were thicker and had greater adsorptive powers than those producible under corresponding conditions, but without the effective wetting agent.
- Triton NE is a non-ionic surface-active material consisting of iso octyl species of alkylated phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols. Good results were obtained when the electrolyte contained approximately 0.1% by volume of the wetting agent mentioned.
- the use of the non-ionic wetting agent makes it possible to produce an oxide coating on the aluminum which satisfactorily retained dyes, at the low current density of one ampere per square foot of surface coated, the current density may, however, vary from one to twenty amperes per square foot, depending upon the dye to be used, the color intensity desired, the anodizing time, and the dyeing conditions.
- the voltage required for forming a thick, porous, adsorbent and otherwise satisfactory oxide coating on the aluminum article is approximately fourteen volts.
- the anodizing time may vary from ten to thirty minutes.
- the article is removed from the sulfuric acid bath and washed with water. It may then be dyed.
- An electrolyte for the anodic oxidation of aluminum and alloys thereof to produce an absorbent coating comprising an aqueous solution containing from 10% to 20% by volume of sulfuric acid, and approximately 0.1% by volume of a non-ionic wetting agent consisting of iso octyl species of alkylated phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols.
- absorbent oxide coatings on aluminum suitable for dyeing the steps comprising using the article to be treated as the anode in an electrolytic cell, the electrolyte of which contains 10% to 20% by volume of sulfuric acid and 0.1% by volume of a non-ionic wetting agent consisting of iso octyl species of alkylated phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
Patented Apr. 24, 1951 UNITED STATE s PATENT OFFICE Eli Simon, Los Angeles, and Frederic M. Carasso,
Pasadena, craft Corporation,
Califi, assignors Burbank, "Calif.
No Drawing. Application May 12, 1945,
Serial No. 7
2 Claims.
This invention relates to the surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys, and more particularly to the use of a non-ionic wettin agent in an anodizing bath for aluminum and its alloys.
It is an object of this invention to use a nonionic wetting agent in the anodizing bath that makes it possible to produce a porous, more adsorbent anodic oxide coating on aluminum and its alloys at a lower current density than could be used to produce the same coating under corresponding conditions Without the use of the wetting agent.
A further object of the invention is to produce in a short anodizing time, at ordinary temperature and at low current density, a thick, uniform and porous anodic coating.
In the preferred practice of this invention, the
aluminum article to be treated is first thoroughly cleaned, and then employed as the anode in the electrolysis of a sulfuric acid solution containing a non-ionic wettin agent.
The amount of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte may vary from 10% to by volume. A porous adsorbent oxide coating which satisfactorily retained dyes, was produced on'aluminum articles with a current density as low as one ampere per square foot of surface when approximately 0.1% by volume of the non-ionic wetting agent consisting of alkylated phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols was added to the electrolyte. The use of the non-ionic wetting agent in the anodizing bath also made it possible to produce anodic oxide coatings suitable for dyeing, that were thicker and had greater adsorptive powers than those producible under corresponding conditions, but without the effective wetting agent.
It was also found that by adding a non-ionic wetting agent in an aqueous solution of sulfamic acid, ammonium bisulphate, or other electrolyte in which it is stable, it was possible to produce a porous, adsorbent anodic oxide coating on aluminum at a lower current density than could be used to produce the same coating with the same electrolyte Without the wetting agent. But in experimenting with wetting agents, we discovered that neither the adding of the usual anion-active type, nor the adding of the cationactive type wettin agent in the anodizing bath had anyappreciable effect on the production of the anodic oxide coating on the aluminum article.
In practice, we prefer to employ the wetting agent known to the trade as Triton NE, it being understood that other s table non-ionic to Lockheed Air.-
wetting agents may be used. Triton NE is a non-ionic surface-active material consisting of iso octyl species of alkylated phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols. Good results were obtained when the electrolyte contained approximately 0.1% by volume of the wetting agent mentioned.
Although the use of the non-ionic wetting agent makes it possible to produce an oxide coating on the aluminum which satisfactorily retained dyes, at the low current density of one ampere per square foot of surface coated, the current density may, however, vary from one to twenty amperes per square foot, depending upon the dye to be used, the color intensity desired, the anodizing time, and the dyeing conditions. The voltage required for forming a thick, porous, adsorbent and otherwise satisfactory oxide coating on the aluminum article is approximately fourteen volts. The anodizing time may vary from ten to thirty minutes.
An important advantage of the process the anodizing bath room temperature, that is from about Fahrenheit to 100 Fahrenheit. In practice, the best results were obtained when the temperature of the anodizing bath ranged from Fahrenheit to Fahrenheit.
After the anodic treatment, the article is removed from the sulfuric acid bath and washed with water. It may then be dyed.
Having now particularly described the method of our invention and the improved results obtained thereby, what we claim is:
1. An electrolyte for the anodic oxidation of aluminum and alloys thereof to produce an absorbent coating, said electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution containing from 10% to 20% by volume of sulfuric acid, and approximately 0.1% by volume of a non-ionic wetting agent consisting of iso octyl species of alkylated phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols.
- 2. In a process of producing thick, porous,
is that absorbent oxide coatings on aluminum suitable for dyeing, the steps comprising using the article to be treated as the anode in an electrolytic cell, the electrolyte of which contains 10% to 20% by volume of sulfuric acid and 0.1% by volume of a non-ionic wetting agent consisting of iso octyl species of alkylated phenoxy polyethoxy ethanols. the temperature of said electrolyte ranging from 60 Fahrenheit to Fahrenheit, and impressing an electric current having an operating voltage of approximately fourteen volts and a current density of the order of from one may remain at ordinary- 3 4 to twenty amperes per square foot of surface on FOREIGN PATENTS said electrolytic cell for a period ranging from Number Country Date ten thlrty mmutes- 176,945 Switzerland July 16, 1935 ELI SIMON. FREDERIC M. CARASSO. 5 JREFERENGES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
OTHER REFERENCES S ier. No. 369,618, sassettiet lal. (A. P. 0.), published May 18, 1943.
Industrial and Engineerin Chemistry, Jan. .1941, pp. 17 thru 22.
10 Surface Active Substances, by Young and UNITED STATES PATENTS Coons, published in 1945, p. 110. Number Name Date Chemical Industries, Mar. 1943, pp. 326, 2,279,252 Slunder V Apr. 7, 1942 27 32g 2,320,999 Beebe .June 3, 1943 2,376,082 Pullen May-1-5,1945'15
Claims (1)
1. AN ELOCTROLYTE FOR THE ANODIC OXIDATION OF ALUMINUM AND ALLOYS THEREOF TO PRODUCE AN ABSORBENT COATING, SAID ELECTROLYTE COMPRISING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING FROM 10% TO 20% BY VOLUME OF SULFURIC ACID, AND APPROXIMATELY 0.1% BY VOLUME OF A NON-IONIC WETTING AGENT CONSISTING OF ISO OCTYL SPECIES OF ALKYLATED PHENOXY POLYETHOXY ETHANOLS.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US593544A US2550388A (en) | 1945-05-12 | 1945-05-12 | Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US593544A US2550388A (en) | 1945-05-12 | 1945-05-12 | Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2550388A true US2550388A (en) | 1951-04-24 |
Family
ID=24375146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US593544A Expired - Lifetime US2550388A (en) | 1945-05-12 | 1945-05-12 | Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2550388A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2855350A (en) * | 1954-09-20 | 1958-10-07 | Sanford Process Co Inc | Process for electrolytically producing oxide coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2855352A (en) * | 1954-09-20 | 1958-10-07 | Sanford Process Co Inc | Process for producing oxide coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2855351A (en) * | 1954-09-20 | 1958-10-07 | Sanford Process Co Inc | Process for electrolytically producing oxide coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2897125A (en) * | 1954-06-21 | 1959-07-28 | Sanford Process Co Inc | Electrolytic process for producing oxide coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2945790A (en) * | 1955-12-14 | 1960-07-19 | Pennsalt Chemicals Corp | Method of electroplating lead dioxide |
| US3006827A (en) * | 1959-01-06 | 1961-10-31 | United Aircraft Corp | Method of pickling titanium and compositions used therein |
| US3055797A (en) * | 1957-03-18 | 1962-09-25 | Bolyard Charles Cleve | Method of manufacturing sequin impregnated tissue paper |
| US3112250A (en) * | 1961-04-26 | 1963-11-26 | Walker Henry | Anodizing method and solutions |
| US3532607A (en) * | 1966-02-26 | 1970-10-06 | Anomate Products Corp | Production of anodised surfaces of aluminum or aluminum alloys |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH176945A (en) * | 1934-04-19 | 1935-05-15 | Peintal S A | Bath for creating oxide layers on aluminum and its alloys. |
| US2279252A (en) * | 1937-12-23 | 1942-04-07 | Aluminum Co Of America | Treating aluminum surfaces |
| US2320999A (en) * | 1940-05-14 | 1943-06-08 | Scovill Manufacturing Co | Bonding rubberlike plastics and aluminum |
| US2376082A (en) * | 1940-03-16 | 1945-05-15 | Aluminum Co Of America | Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
-
1945
- 1945-05-12 US US593544A patent/US2550388A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH176945A (en) * | 1934-04-19 | 1935-05-15 | Peintal S A | Bath for creating oxide layers on aluminum and its alloys. |
| US2279252A (en) * | 1937-12-23 | 1942-04-07 | Aluminum Co Of America | Treating aluminum surfaces |
| US2376082A (en) * | 1940-03-16 | 1945-05-15 | Aluminum Co Of America | Surface treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2320999A (en) * | 1940-05-14 | 1943-06-08 | Scovill Manufacturing Co | Bonding rubberlike plastics and aluminum |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2897125A (en) * | 1954-06-21 | 1959-07-28 | Sanford Process Co Inc | Electrolytic process for producing oxide coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2855350A (en) * | 1954-09-20 | 1958-10-07 | Sanford Process Co Inc | Process for electrolytically producing oxide coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2855352A (en) * | 1954-09-20 | 1958-10-07 | Sanford Process Co Inc | Process for producing oxide coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2855351A (en) * | 1954-09-20 | 1958-10-07 | Sanford Process Co Inc | Process for electrolytically producing oxide coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2945790A (en) * | 1955-12-14 | 1960-07-19 | Pennsalt Chemicals Corp | Method of electroplating lead dioxide |
| US3055797A (en) * | 1957-03-18 | 1962-09-25 | Bolyard Charles Cleve | Method of manufacturing sequin impregnated tissue paper |
| US3006827A (en) * | 1959-01-06 | 1961-10-31 | United Aircraft Corp | Method of pickling titanium and compositions used therein |
| US3112250A (en) * | 1961-04-26 | 1963-11-26 | Walker Henry | Anodizing method and solutions |
| US3532607A (en) * | 1966-02-26 | 1970-10-06 | Anomate Products Corp | Production of anodised surfaces of aluminum or aluminum alloys |
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