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US2547775A - Fluorescent color screen for electron optical systems - Google Patents

Fluorescent color screen for electron optical systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US2547775A
US2547775A US642950A US64295046A US2547775A US 2547775 A US2547775 A US 2547775A US 642950 A US642950 A US 642950A US 64295046 A US64295046 A US 64295046A US 2547775 A US2547775 A US 2547775A
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electron
velocity
electrons
screen
color
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US642950A
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Edward G Ramberg
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
    • H01J29/30—Luminescent screens with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots, in lines
    • H01J29/32—Luminescent screens with luminescent material discontinuously arranged, e.g. in dots, in lines with adjacent dots or lines of different luminescent material, e.g. for colour television
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
    • H01J29/187—Luminescent screens screens with more than one luminescent material (as mixtures for the treatment of the screens)

Definitions

  • Patent No. 2,442,961 which discloses a colorv photographic plate which responds selectively to' impinging electrons of different electron' velocity.
  • the instant invention also is related to the Sys'j tem disclosed and claimed in U1 S. Patent.v
  • the constant velocity electrony beam derivecl'from the electron gun of a conventional cathode ray oscilloscope or television kinescope also may be varied in velocity by uctuator variable potentials applied to a control electrode operative lupon the electron beam.
  • the instant invention contemplates the use of a multicolor uorescent screen for use in anelectron microscope or cathode ray oscillographic device for recording4 the diierences in the velocity ofi electrons impinging thereon. in' terms of thev color or colors of the screen fluorescence.
  • Thefcolor selectivey electron responsive uorescentscreen accordingl to the invention may comprise, for example, two or more parallel layers of diierent fluorescentmaterials which provide dif-V ferent color light emission.
  • diierent fluorescentmaterials which provide dif-V ferent color light emission.
  • athin layer of willemite or cadmium-zinc, sull-ide which'.
  • the. top or yellow.v light emissive layer. may beselected. to have greatest efficiency toV electrons within predetermined velocity ranges.
  • Anl additional' object is to provid'ej means for producing selective ⁇ - color fluorescence of ⁇ a@ fluorescent screen in electronV optical'V apr, paratus in response to the impingement thereon7 fv electrons having different electronvelocitie'si-'L
  • a further object is to ⁇ provide an improvedl colorfuorescent screenproviding dilerentcolor'iiuo rescence in response tova'riations of the velocity-f ofelectrons' i'mpingin'gxA thereon.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide anE improved' color-selectiveA uorescent screen for electrony microscopes; cathode rayl ⁇ voscill'oscopesv and?
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a', typical electron ,microscope1 employing a multi'- color uorescent screen-f.
  • Figure ⁇ v2v isv afamilyof graphs illustrating; the selective .colorv lightemissive-properties-of tWof phosphore whichl may be, eniployeol to provide al multicolor uorescent screenvv according to. the. invention, ,and ⁇ Figure 3 ⁇ islal schematic diagram of a cathode. ray o scilloscopeV or similar oscillolower light emission efficiency thanthe bottom orv blue. light emissivelayer,
  • the system includes an electron source I which is focused upon a microspecimen 3 by an electrostatic or electromagnetic condenser lens 5. Electrons transmitted by the microspecimen 3 are focused by an objective lens I and projection lens 9 to provide a greatly magnified electronic image at the plane of a fluorescent screen II.
  • the fluorescent screen comprises a support I3 upon which is deposited an under fluorescent layer I5 comprising, for example, zinc sulfide which provides blue light emission in response to electron bombardment.
  • a second, or outer, fluorescent layer I'I of willemite or cadmium-zinc sulfide is deposited over the rst zinc sulfide layer I5 and provides yellow light emission in response to electron bombardment. It should be understood that any other combination of known fluorescent phosphors may be employed to provide the desired multicolor fluorescence in response to electron bombardment of predetermined electron velocities.
  • the thickness of the outer phosphor layer II should be selected to equal approximately the penetration thickness for the slowest electrons limpinging upon the screen. Such minimum velocity electrons therefore will produce yellow light emission from the outer phosphor layer II. Somewhat faster traveling electrons will excite the under phosphor layer I5 as well, providing blue light emission therefrom which, when combined with the yellow light emission from the outer layer II, will provide a greenish luminescence. Much faster traveding electrons bombarding the screen will excite the under phosphor layer I5 to a greater extent than the outer phosphor layer II, thereby providing substantially blue luminescence.
  • the material of the outer phosphor layer I'I should be chosen to be less eicient than that of the under phosphor layer I5.
  • 50 kilovolt electrons will provide greatest excitation of the outer prosphor layer II, thus producing yellow luminescence thereof
  • 70 kilovolt electrons will provide greatest excitation of the under phosphor i layer I5, thus producing blue luminescence thereof.
  • Electrons having velocities in the range between 50 and 70 kilovolts will produce varying shades of greenish luminescence.
  • the velocity of the electronic image derived from the microspecimen 3 is controlled in any known manner within a desired velocity range, high color contrast will be provided by the multicolor screen.
  • the contrasting colors of the electronic image provided bythe screen may be interpreted in terms of variations in thickness or composition of the portion of the microspecimen imaged upon the screen. ⁇
  • any desired number, greater than one, of contrasting color phosphors may be employed to extend the observable velocity range of the electrons comprising the electronic image, and that varying thicknesses of the several phosphor layers may be employed to determine the desired color contrast and sensltivity.
  • Figure 2 shows a pair of graphs I9, 2I, illustrating, respectively, the magnitudes of fluorescence of the screens I1 and I5, respectively, as a function of the velocity of the electronic image exciting said screens.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the use of a multicolor screen in accordance With the invention in combination with a cathode ray oscilloscope or television kinescope 23.
  • the oscilloscope includes a heater element 25 for producing electronic emission from an indirectly-heated cathode 2'I.
  • a control electrode 35 connected to a source of control potential, not shown, controls the electron current comprising the cathode ray.
  • the anode 29 is connected to a second source of control potential, determining the velocity of the electrons comprising the cathode ray.
  • the screen II comprises a plurality of layers I5, I1 of different A phosphors which produce contrasting color luminescence in response to different electron velocities, as described by reference to the system illustrated in Figure 1. It should be understood that the system for controlling the velocity of the electrons comprising the cathode ray may be modied in any manner known in the art.
  • the invention disclosed herein comprises an improved multicolor iluorescent screen and an improved method of and means for electronically bombarding said screen by electrons of different velocities whereby distinctive color screen fluorescence is provided as a function of the electron velocity.
  • the system described herein may be employed as a basic feature of a color television system wherein color differentiation is accomplished by varying the velocity of the scanning electron beam of the television receiver kinescope.
  • a color-selective electron microscope comprising an electron gun for generating an electron beam, a specimen in the path of said beam having different portions which vary differently the velocity of electrons constituting said beam, and a pair of screens of fluorescent materials having different electron-fluorescent color characteristics responsive to predetermined different irradiating electron velocities, one of said screens being superimposed upon the other, and means for directing said velocity-controlled electron beam upon said screens.
  • a color-selective cathode ray oscilloscope comprising an electron gun for generating an electron beam, means interposed in said beam, for selectively varying the velocity of electrons in different portions of aA cross section of said beam, and a pair of screens of fluorescent materials having different electron-fluorescent color characteristics responsive to predetermined different irradiating electron velocities, one of said screens being superimposed upon the other, the screen nearer said gun having a lower light emission efliciency, and means for directing said velocity-controlled electron beam upon said screens.
  • a color-selective cathode ray oscilloscope comprising an electron gun for generating an electron beam, means interposed in said beam, for selectively varying the velocity of electrons in different portions of a cross section of said beam, and a pair of screens of fluorescent ma- EDWARD G. BAMBERG.

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  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)

Description

prll 3, 1951 E. G. RAMBERG 2,547,775y r FLUORESCENT coLoR SCREEN FOR ELECTRON OPTICAL SYSTEMS Filed Jan. 25, 1946 YEZOW BLUE P//SFWR PHOJP//OR CONTROL W INVENTOR www ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 3, 1951 UNITEDy STA'IES PATENT OFFICE FLUORESCENT. COLOR SCREEN FOR ELECTRON: OPTICAL SYSTEMS Edward' G. Ramber'g,
to Radio Corporatio tion offDelaware Feasterville, Pa., assignor n of America, a corpora- ApplicationJanuary 23, 1946,A Serial No.7642,950
3` Claims; (Cl. 2'50-164) 7 The'instant invention is related to. applicants", copending application -Serial No. 642,949, filed) January 23, 1946,' andV issued June 8, 1948, as
Patent No. 2,442,961, which discloses a colorv photographic plate which responds selectively to' impinging electrons of different electron' velocity.
The instant invention also is related to the Sys'j tem disclosed and claimed in U1 S. Patent".v
2,372,170, granted. to Richardv` F. Bakerv onv MarchKV 77 that photosensitive materialsv respond. with.'
the specimen or of variations in the thickness of.
thev specimen. The constant velocity electrony beam derivecl'from the electron gun of a conventional cathode ray oscilloscope or television kinescope also may be varied in velocity by uctuator variable potentials applied to a control electrode operative lupon the electron beam.
The instant invention contemplates the use of a multicolor uorescent screen for use in anelectron microscope or cathode ray oscillographic device for recording4 the diierences in the velocity ofi electrons impinging thereon. in' terms of thev color or colors of the screen fluorescence.
l Thefcolor selectivey electron responsive uorescentscreen accordingl to the invention may comprise, for example, two or more parallel layers of diierent fluorescentmaterials which provide dif-V ferent color light emission. Forexample, athin layer, of willemite or cadmium-zinc, sull-ide which'.
provides yellow light emission may be superposedl upon a, layer of zinc-sulfide which provides blue light emission in response to electron bombardment..
" I'f the. thickness of the yellow light emissive.
layer is selected tocqual approximately the pene-- tration thickness of the slowest electrons impinging on the screen, these electrons willA provide yellow light emission. Somewhat-,faster elec-` tronswill also excite the, lower blue light emissive uorescent layer, thereby providing a combination of both yellow and blue. emission with a re,- sultant green color. Very fast electrons Willexcite the blue emissive layer tov a greater extent.
than the yellow emissive layer, thereby providing.
substantially only a bluelight. In order to obtain wide color diierences for relatively small differences in electronvelocity, the. top or yellow.v light emissive layer. may beselected. to have greatest efficiency toV electrons within predetermined velocity ranges.
j Among the objects of the invention are to'proi-4 vide an improved methodof vand meansn for measuring; electron` velocities. Ajnother' object is tof, provide an improved method ci" and means forj establishing selective uorescence in response toKV electron bombardment by' electrons of dilierentf velocities. Anl additional' object is to provid'ej means for producing selective`- color fluorescence of` a@ fluorescent screen in electronV optical'V apr, paratus in response to the impingement thereon7 fv electrons having different electronvelocitie'si-'L A further object is to` provide an improvedl colorfuorescent screenproviding dilerentcolor'iiuo rescence in response tova'riations of the velocity-f ofelectrons' i'mpingin'gxA thereon. A still further object of the invention is to provide anE improved' color-selectiveA uorescent screen for electrony microscopes; cathode rayl` voscill'oscopesv and? telev-i'sion kinescopes comprising juxtaposed layer's of diierent fluorescent materials providing dif-1 ferent color light' emission in response to'- differentvelocity electron bombardment, Anotherobiect" isltovprovide an'improved method of and means; for varying thecolor sensitivity; of amultilayer,t multicolor fluorescent" screen in'v response' toi bombardingfv electronsv having diiierent electron velocities. l The invention: will bev described! in, further. de:-y tail` by reference to: the.` accompanying drawingl off which Figure. 1 is a schematic diagram of a', typical electron ,microscope1 employing a multi'- color uorescent screen-f. according; to the-invention, Figure `v2v isv afamilyof graphs illustrating; the selective .colorv lightemissive-properties-of tWof phosphore whichl may be, eniployeol to provide al multicolor uorescent screenvv according to. the. invention, ,and` Figure 3` islal schematic diagram of a cathode. ray o scilloscopeV or similar oscillolower light emission efficiency thanthe bottom orv blue. light emissivelayer,
graphic device employing a multicolor fluorescent screen according to the invention. Similar refl" erence, characters are applied to similar'elements throughout the drawing. v
1945, which discloses and utilizes the fact' Referring to Figure 1 of the drawing, the invention is illustrated in combination with a conventional electron microscope. The system includes an electron source I which is focused upon a microspecimen 3 by an electrostatic or electromagnetic condenser lens 5. Electrons transmitted by the microspecimen 3 are focused by an objective lens I and projection lens 9 to provide a greatly magnified electronic image at the plane of a fluorescent screen II. The fluorescent screen comprises a support I3 upon which is deposited an under fluorescent layer I5 comprising, for example, zinc sulfide which provides blue light emission in response to electron bombardment. A second, or outer, fluorescent layer I'I of willemite or cadmium-zinc sulfide is deposited over the rst zinc sulfide layer I5 and provides yellow light emission in response to electron bombardment. It should be understood that any other combination of known fluorescent phosphors may be employed to provide the desired multicolor fluorescence in response to electron bombardment of predetermined electron velocities.
The thickness of the outer phosphor layer II should be selected to equal approximately the penetration thickness for the slowest electrons limpinging upon the screen. Such minimum velocity electrons therefore will produce yellow light emission from the outer phosphor layer II. Somewhat faster traveling electrons will excite the under phosphor layer I5 as well, providing blue light emission therefrom which, when combined with the yellow light emission from the outer layer II, will provide a greenish luminescence. Much faster traveding electrons bombarding the screen will excite the under phosphor layer I5 to a greater extent than the outer phosphor layer II, thereby providing substantially blue luminescence.
If it is desired to obtain high color differentiation for relatively small differences in electron velocity, the material of the outer phosphor layer I'I should be chosen to be less eicient than that of the under phosphor layer I5. In the example illustrated,50 kilovolt electrons will provide greatest excitation of the outer prosphor layer II, thus producing yellow luminescence thereof, and 70 kilovolt electrons will provide greatest excitation of the under phosphor i layer I5, thus producing blue luminescence thereof. Electrons having velocities in the range between 50 and 70 kilovolts will produce varying shades of greenish luminescence. Thus, if the velocity of the electronic image derived from the microspecimen 3 is controlled in any known manner within a desired velocity range, high color contrast will be provided by the multicolor screen. The contrasting colors of the electronic image provided bythe screen may be interpreted in terms of variations in thickness or composition of the portion of the microspecimen imaged upon the screen.`
It should be understood that any desired number, greater than one, of contrasting color phosphors may be employed to extend the observable velocity range of the electrons comprising the electronic image, and that varying thicknesses of the several phosphor layers may be employed to determine the desired color contrast and sensltivity.
Figure 2 shows a pair of graphs I9, 2I, illustrating, respectively, the magnitudes of fluorescence of the screens I1 and I5, respectively, as a function of the velocity of the electronic image exciting said screens.
Figure 3 illustrates the use of a multicolor screen in accordance With the invention in combination with a cathode ray oscilloscope or television kinescope 23. The oscilloscope includes a heater element 25 for producing electronic emission from an indirectly-heated cathode 2'I. An anode 29, biased to a high positive potential with respect to the cathode, accelerates the electrons derived Afrom the cathode 21 and focuses them to a ne cathode ray which is deflected laterally and vertically by deiiecting elements 3|, 33, respectively, which deflect the cathode ray beam across the screen II.' A control electrode 35, connected to a source of control potential, not shown, controls the electron current comprising the cathode ray. The anode 29 is connected to a second source of control potential, determining the velocity of the electrons comprising the cathode ray. The screen II comprises a plurality of layers I5, I1 of different A phosphors which produce contrasting color luminescence in response to different electron velocities, as described by reference to the system illustrated in Figure 1. It should be understood that the system for controlling the velocity of the electrons comprising the cathode ray may be modied in any manner known in the art.
Thus the invention disclosed herein comprises an improved multicolor iluorescent screen and an improved method of and means for electronically bombarding said screen by electrons of different velocities whereby distinctive color screen fluorescence is provided as a function of the electron velocity. It should be understood that the system described herein may be employed as a basic feature of a color television system wherein color differentiation is accomplished by varying the velocity of the scanning electron beam of the television receiver kinescope.
I claim as my invention:
1. A color-selective electron microscope comprising an electron gun for generating an electron beam, a specimen in the path of said beam having different portions which vary differently the velocity of electrons constituting said beam, and a pair of screens of fluorescent materials having different electron-fluorescent color characteristics responsive to predetermined different irradiating electron velocities, one of said screens being superimposed upon the other, and means for directing said velocity-controlled electron beam upon said screens.
2. A color-selective cathode ray oscilloscope comprising an electron gun for generating an electron beam, means interposed in said beam, for selectively varying the velocity of electrons in different portions of aA cross section of said beam, and a pair of screens of fluorescent materials having different electron-fluorescent color characteristics responsive to predetermined different irradiating electron velocities, one of said screens being superimposed upon the other, the screen nearer said gun having a lower light emission efliciency, and means for directing said velocity-controlled electron beam upon said screens.
3. A color-selective cathode ray oscilloscope comprising an electron gun for generating an electron beam, means interposed in said beam, for selectively varying the velocity of electrons in different portions of a cross section of said beam, and a pair of screens of fluorescent ma- EDWARD G. BAMBERG.
6 REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Rudenberg Oct. 27, 1936 Von Ardenne Oct'. 26, 1937 Dawihl et a1 Oct. 31, 1939 Kaufmann Oct. 29, 1940 LeVerenz May 27, 1941 Sharpe Apr. 27, 1948 Szegho Dec. 7, 1948

Claims (1)

1. A COLOR-SELECTIVE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE COMPRISING AN ELECTRON GUN FOR GENERATING AN ELECTRON BEAM, A SPECIMEN IN THE PATH OF SAID BEAM HAVING DIFFERENT PORTIONS WHICH VARY DIFFERENTLY THE VELOCITY OF ELECTRONS CONSTITUTING SAID BEAM, AND PAIR OF SCREENS OF FLUORESCENT MATERIALS HAVING DIFFERENT ELECTRON-FLUORESCENT COLOR CHARACTERISTICS RESPONSIVE TO PREDETERMINED DIFFERENT IRRADIATING ELECTRON VELOCITIES, ONE OF SAID SCREENS BEING SUPERIMPOSED UPON THE OTHER, AND MEANS FOR DIRECTING SAID VELOCITY-CONTROLLED ELECTRON BEAM UPON SAID SCREENS.
US642950A 1946-01-23 1946-01-23 Fluorescent color screen for electron optical systems Expired - Lifetime US2547775A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2590018A (en) * 1950-10-24 1952-03-18 Gen Electric Production of colored images
US2681868A (en) * 1949-08-10 1954-06-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Image amplifier
US2813211A (en) * 1954-11-08 1957-11-12 Sucher Jerome Color television tube
US3122670A (en) * 1960-06-23 1964-02-25 Domenico A Rudatis Methods and devices for producing polychromatic images from monochromatic signals
US3290434A (en) * 1963-07-24 1966-12-06 Polaroid Corp Color television receiver including display means comprising two uniformly distributed luminescent materials
US3628014A (en) * 1969-12-22 1971-12-14 Boeing Co Scanning electron microscope with color display means

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2058914A (en) * 1931-05-31 1936-10-27 Siemens Ag Apparatus for producing images of objects
US2096986A (en) * 1931-03-28 1937-10-26 Loewe Opta Gmbh Braun tube
US2177691A (en) * 1935-06-28 1939-10-31 Gen Electric Luminescent or phosphorescent body and the process of manufacturing the same
US2219929A (en) * 1938-05-10 1940-10-29 Rca Corp Luminescent screen
US2243828A (en) * 1938-10-25 1941-05-27 Rca Corp Luminescent screen
US2440301A (en) * 1944-11-01 1948-04-27 Sharpe Jack Signal reproducing system
US2455710A (en) * 1943-12-21 1948-12-07 Rauland Corp Color television system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2096986A (en) * 1931-03-28 1937-10-26 Loewe Opta Gmbh Braun tube
US2058914A (en) * 1931-05-31 1936-10-27 Siemens Ag Apparatus for producing images of objects
US2177691A (en) * 1935-06-28 1939-10-31 Gen Electric Luminescent or phosphorescent body and the process of manufacturing the same
US2219929A (en) * 1938-05-10 1940-10-29 Rca Corp Luminescent screen
US2243828A (en) * 1938-10-25 1941-05-27 Rca Corp Luminescent screen
US2455710A (en) * 1943-12-21 1948-12-07 Rauland Corp Color television system
US2440301A (en) * 1944-11-01 1948-04-27 Sharpe Jack Signal reproducing system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2681868A (en) * 1949-08-10 1954-06-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Image amplifier
US2590018A (en) * 1950-10-24 1952-03-18 Gen Electric Production of colored images
US2813211A (en) * 1954-11-08 1957-11-12 Sucher Jerome Color television tube
US3122670A (en) * 1960-06-23 1964-02-25 Domenico A Rudatis Methods and devices for producing polychromatic images from monochromatic signals
US3290434A (en) * 1963-07-24 1966-12-06 Polaroid Corp Color television receiver including display means comprising two uniformly distributed luminescent materials
US3628014A (en) * 1969-12-22 1971-12-14 Boeing Co Scanning electron microscope with color display means

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