US2436854A - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

March 2, 1948. COREY L 2,436,854

COMPRESSOR Filed May 30,, 1945 ATTORN Y5 mands for a compressor of the Patented Mar. 2. 194a UNITED STATES PATENT oi-"rice sil'tifiiift, SClalms. (01.230-172) g 1 This invention relates more in particular to a high-speed. reciprocating compressor of small size and relatively high capacity.

An object of this inventionis to provide a 'de-' bendable and sturdy refrigerator compressor which is adaptable for 'high s'peedo'peration and yet which ha relatively high capacity. A further object is to provide a compressor which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture, simple and sturdy in construction'and eflicient and dependable in use. These and other obiects will be'in part obvious and in part'fpolnted out below.

This invention accordingly consistsin the features of constructiom'combinations of elements, arrangement of parts."all aswill' be illustratively described herein. and-the scope of the applicaindicated in the following tion of which will he claims.

In the drawings: i i Figure 1 isa sectionallview'o: a compressor which constitutes one embodiment of the inveng tion; and, v v

Figures 2 and 3 are sectional views respectively on the lines 2-2 and ofl'igure 1. a v

In the refrigeration art; dimculty has-been encountered in providing} compressor.wh'i'ch will operate with a very" high speed and in a derefrigeration, and

here and evenly spaced thereabout are four refrigerant passageways it '(see also Figure 3).

Each of these passageways is' formed prior to the boring of cylinder bore I by drilling a holefrom the bottom of the cylinder block (Figure 1) upwardly through the block with the drill axis along a line which is later at-thesurface of the cylinder vbore 4. After being drilled, the lower end of each bore i4 is plugged as at I. p

Enclosing the upper end of the cylinder block is a cylinden head I! which ispress-iltted onto the cylindrical upper end of-the cylinder block and is held in place by a pair of sunken set screws (not shown). The upper'end-of the'cylinder block is sealed by a sealing ring 2| which vis tightly pressed between the annular mating surfaces of the two blocks. The cylinder head is bored from its upper end to' provide adjacent the upper end of the compression chamber ll a gas outlet passageway 22 which is concentric with the compression chamber and which has its lower end enlarged at the beveled edge 22." {Surroundsnugly received in a valve bore which is larger pendable manner for long periods of time. This is particularly true where it is desirable to-provide a compressor of small size. One of the dimculties has been that the valve arrangements have been unsatisfactory: that is, valves "which operate efilciently at very high speeds often are fragile or are quite complicated. Furthermore, even with some types oirelatively simple valve arrangements. the cost ofmanufacturing is hi h. It is an object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of the'prior art structures and to provide a compressor-which will'meet the depe referred to above.

Referring particularly to Figure :10: the drawing, a cylinder block 2 is provided with a cylinder bore 4 having at the top a gas compression chamber 8 and below this 'a piston-guide portion 8. This cylinder bore isvprovlded by boring from the head end of the cylinder block down through to near the bottom of the block. The cylinder block is also provided with a cross-bore iii which intersects the cylinder bore and forms at thebase of the cylinder bore a crankcase generally indicated at H. crankcase i2 is closed at the,

right by a cover plate It. Extending from the crank ease up along the sides of the cylinder than passageway 22. Equally'spaced around the periphery of bore 2| are eight small bores 30 the lower ends of which (see Figure 1) extend below the level of valve seat 24. These bores-Eare drilled priorfltothe forming oi bore 22 and {they have their axes along lines which are later a} the outer surface of bore 20. Thus-the forming of bore 28 cuts away the upper endsotthesej iores 20 to form semi-cylindrical channels which provide the gas outlet from valve seat ill upa'nd around the periphery of valve disc 28. 'i

In the top of the cylinder head is a concentric bore 32 which forms a refrigerant outletohamber 33 with a'compressed gas outlet opening 35, and

at the'bottom of this bore 22 is an annular ledge :34 which forms the seat for a valve'retainer at.

Valve retainer II has a central opening, and around this opening on the under side'is a collar 38 which encloses a valve retaining compression spring 40. Normally valve retainer It is resiliently held against seat 34 by a relatively heavy compression spring 42, the upper end of which rests against a sealing cover plate ll. Cover plate 44 seals the upper end of bore 32 and is held in place by a plurality of stud'bo'lts 4|. Valve disc 28 is relatively light in weight as compared with valve retainer 3!, and spring 40 is relatively light as compared with spring 42; thus,

ansaeaa. 7

the valve disc lifts easily and the valve retainer normally remains stationary, but under emergency conditions, the valve retainer is lifted.

Slidable, in the cylinder bore '4 is a piston 48 which is connected through a pin BI and a piston rod 52 to a crank pin 54 carried by a weighted crank member 58. Crank member 58 is attached to the end of crankshaft 58 by a stud bolt 60 and is held against turning by a dowel pin 62. Drive shaft 58 is snugly received and rotatable in a sleeve bearing 64 extending through the wall of the cylinder block. On the outside of the cylinder block, shaft 58 is sealed by a sealing assembly formed by a pair of rings 66 and 68 connected by expansible sleeve 10. Ring 66 and a packing gasket 61 are clamped against the cylinder block by a clamping ring 69 held in place by a plurality of stud bolts I I. A compression spring 12 is positioned between rings 66 and 68, and presses ring 68 against a flange 14 on shaft 58.

During use, refrigerant to be compressed enters the crank case l2 through an inlet 18. and at the end of each down-stroke of the piston, the gas flows up passageways ll into compression chamber 6. Then, upon each up-stroke the gas is compressed; and at the extreme upper endof the stroke, the pressure is sufficient to-unseat valve disc 26 so that the compressed gas flows through passageway .22 and thence radially under the edges of the disc into the lower ends of bores 30. The gas then passes upwardly past the edges of the valve disc and thence over the top of the valve disc past spring 40 and up the center of v the valve retainer 36 into the. refrigerant chamber seals. If an excessive amount of oil or other liquid enters the compression chamber, the final movement of the compression stroke lifts valve disc 26 and also lifts the valve retainer 36 all ,"without' causing damage to the structure and without undue load on the motor drive.

As many possible embodiments may be made of the above invention and as many changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter hereinabove set forth. or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim:

1. In a high-speed compressor of the type which may be used in a refrigeration system. the

combination of, a cylinder block having a cylinder bore with a gas compression chamber at one end and a piston guide portion at the other end, a

7 cylinder head block surrounding the bore in the cylinder block at the end of the gas compression chamber, said cylinder block having a cross-bore at substantially right angles to said cylinder bore and forming a crankcase, a crankshaft mounted coaxially with said cross-bore, a piston and piston rod assembly including a piston mounted in said cylinder bore and a piston rod connecting said piston to said crankshaft whereby rotation of the crankshaft reciprocates said piston in said cylinder bore between a gas inlet position and a gas outlet position, said/cylinder block having a plurality of gas inlet passageways formed by a plu- 4 rality of bores substantially smaller than and parallel to said cylinder bore with their axes coincident with the wall surface of said cylinder bore, said gas inlet passageways extending from said crankcase to the compression chamber which is beyond said piston when said piston is in its gas inlet position, said cylinder head block having a gas outlet bore which is coaxially positioned with respect to said cylinder bore and is surrounded at its end opposite said compression chamber by an annular valve seat, a disc valve adapted to seat on said valve seat and thereby *close the gas outlet bore, and a valve retaining assembly mounted in said cylinder head block and resiliently holding said valve disc in seated position.

.2. In a high-speed compressor of the reciproq eating piston type, the combination of, a cylinder assembly comprising, a cylinder block having a cylinder bore forming a gas compression chamber adjacent the head end of the bore and a'piston guideway at the opposite end thereof, a

plurality of gas inlet passagewayseach formed aligned with said cylinder bore thus providing a gas outlet from said gas compression chamber, said cylinder head having an outlet valve bore concentric with and of larger diameter than said gas outlet bore and at the'end of said gas outlet bore opposite said compression chamber there being an annular valve seat surrounding said gas outlet bore, said cylinder head having a plurality of evenly spaced gasoutlet passageways at the periphery of said outlet valve bore parallel to said outlet valve bore and coextensive axially, aid passageways extending toward the compression chamber beyond the valve bore and thus forming recesses open to the outer edge of said valve seat, a valve disc positioned on said valve seat and providing "a radial outlet valve at the end of said gas outlet bore, and a valve retainer assembly resiliently holding said disc valve in 4 seated position.

3. Apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein said cylinder block has at the end opposite the compression chamber a cross-bore which is transverse to said cylinder bore and forms a crank chamber, a piston mounted to reciprocate in said cylinder bore, and a crank assembly mounted in said cross-bore to reciprocate said piston.

4. Apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein said valve retainer assembly comprises a coil compression spring resting at one end on said valve disc, ,a circular valve retainer bearing against the other end of said spring and having a entral opening through which the gas passes, and a relatively heavy coil spring holding said valve retainer in position.

5. In a high-speed compressor'of the reciprocating piston type, the combination of, a cylinder block having a cylinder bore extending from the cylinder head and forming a gas compression chamber adjacent the head and a piston guidebore, which passageway is surrounded at the end opposite the bore by an annular valve seat, said head block having a valv bore of larger diameter than said passageway and concentric therewith and providing a guideway for a valve member, a valve member formed by a thin disc seated on said valve seat and adapted to move from and to said valve seat in said valve bore, and a valve retainer assembly including a valve retainer member concentrically positioned with respect to said valve member and with substantially greater Weight than said valvei'me'mber, said valve retainer assembly including spring means resting on said valve retaining member and urging said valve member toward said valve seat, and also including spring means holding said valve retaining member resiliently in its normal position whereby the valve member is 6 I raised during each cycle of operation of the compressor. and said valve retainer member may be raised when there is excessive pressure against said valve member.

JAMES J. COREY.

REFERENCES CITED The following'references are of record in the file of this patent:

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