US2313043A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

, 1943. J. BLIZARD 2,313,043

STEAM GENERATOR Filed May 20, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVE JED/WV 54/2/4190 NTOR I v 1 I f q ATTORNEY March 9, 1943. J. BLIZARD 2,313,043

STEAM GENERATOR Filed May 20, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 *www em m6 INVENTOR JZW/v 54/2/4212 2 ZM %L 'ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 9, 1943 UNlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE STEAM GENERATOR Application May 20, 1938, Serial No. 208,971 13 Claims. (Cl. 122-473) This invention relates to steam generators.

The invention provides a novel arrangement of steam generating and steam superheating elements which is capable of functioning to produce, readily and efliciently, superheated steam at various rates, the temperature of which may be varied as desired at each of the various rates. The arrangement is extremely compact and is particu- 'larly adaptable t marine installations but it is equally adaptable to stationary installations of every description.

The nature of the invention will be understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a more or less diagrammatic illustration in vertical transverse section of a steam generator embodying the invention; and

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing another form of generator embodying the invention.

Like characters of reference refer to the same or to similar parts in both views.

The forms of the invention illustrated in the drawings are particularly adapted to marine installations, but it will be understood that the invention is not limited to marine installations but that it is capable of application to all other uses to which steam generators may be put.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, reference character l designates the hull of a ship having a boiler saddle I and an upper deck l2. A stack l3 connects with fiues l4 and I5 which are separated by a vertical partition Hi. In the arrangement illustrated, two generators of the type shown in Fig. 1 are intended to be placed side by side, but for simplicity of disclosure, only one generator is shown. The other generator connects with flue 5.

The steam generator includes a setting II, a steam and water drum I8, and spaced lower drums l9 and 20. A main bank of steam generating tubes -2| connects the drums l8 and I9 and a row of vertically inclined and spaced boiler tubes 22 connects the drums l8 and 20. The tubes 22 may be arranged in a plurality of rows if desired with the tubes in one row staggered with respect to the tubes in adjacent rows. A baffle 23 extends upwardly from drum l9 at the left side of the main tube bank 2| to an elevation short of the drum I8. A bafile 24 extends upwardly from drum 20 at the right sideof the row of tubes 22 to about the same elevation as the upper end of baiile 23. Tubes 25 connecting drums |8 and 2|! are disposed closely adjacent and water cool the upper, left side wall and bottom of the setting to the left of the tubes 22. ""1? r tubes 22 and 25 together with the enclosing walls of the setting define a boiler furnace chamber 26 which is fired by a plurality of fuel burners 21 supplied either with pulverized coal, oil or gas, or acombination of these fuels. In some instances a single burner 21 may be sumcient.

A separately fired superheater is included within the steam generator setting between the main bank of tubes 2| and the tubes 22, or in other words, between the bank 2| and the boiler furnace 26. In the form shown in Fig. 1, the main bank of tubes 2| and the tubes 22, together with the baflies '23 and 24 and the enclosing walls of the setting, define a superheater furnace 28 in which is disposed a superheater. As shown, this superheater consists of spaced headers 30 and 3| disposed just above the floor 32 of the setting, which are connected by a row of loop tubes 33. Tubes 33 are disposed adjacent the baiiies 23 and 24 and the upper curved portions of tubes 23 are disposed at, or just below, the upper ends of these bafiies. The superheater furnace 28 is fired by a fuel burner 34 like, or similar to, the burners 21. More than one burner 34 may be utilized for firing the superheater furnace, if desired. A bafile 35 extends downwardly from the drum l8 and the upper part of the setting at the right side of main tube bank 2| to an elevation short of the drum I9. An economizer 36 is disposed in each flue H and H5 at approximately the elevation of the steam and water drum l8. Other auxiliary heat exchange equipment may be located in the flue in place of or in addition to the economizer, if desired.

Each of the burners 21 and 34 is provided with adequate means for controlling the intensity-of firing. to the end that the intensity of firing may be varied from minimum t maximum, or so that each burner may be shut down altogether.

In operation, saturated steam is produced by firing burners 21, the products of combustion produced thereby flowing upwardly in furnace 26 across the upper end portions of spaced tubes 22 and in general longitudinally f the main bank of tubes 2| to the lower end portions of these tubes, after which they flow into the lower end of flue H, over economizer 36 and out through stack l3. superheated steam is produced by firing the one or more burners 34, the products of combustion produced thereby flowing upwardly through superheater furnace 28 across the arched portions of the superheater tubes 33 and thereafter over the main bank of steam generating tubes 2| and out through flue Id. The degree of superheat may be readily controlled by the intensity of firing of the one or more burners 34. The superheater tubes absorb heat both by radiation and convection from the products of combustion produced by burners 34. With this arrangement, any superheat from zero to maximum for the generator, may be obtained by regulating th number of superheater burners in operation, or by regulating the intensity of firing of the superheater burners or by both such means. All of the products of combustion from the superheater furnace fiow over the main bank of tubes 2| whereby maximum heat recovery is obtained from the gases produced in the superheater furnace. The gases produced in furnace 26 do not fiow over the superheater tubes 33.

The form of the invention shown in Fig. 2, includes a steam and water drum 40 and a lower drum 4| disposed directly below the drum 40. A main bank of vertically disposed steam generating tubes 42 extends between drums 40 and 4|. A smaller bank of steam generating tubes 43 consisting, as shown, of three rows of tubes also connects drums 40 and 4|, with the vertically extending portions of the tubes 43 being spaced a substantial distance from and disposed to the left of the tubes of main bank 42. A boiler furnace 44 is disposed at the left of tube bank 43 and the walls of the setting H which define the furnace are or may be lined with water tubes 45. These tubes extend between drum 4!] and a header 46 which is also connected to drum 4| by fioor tubes 41. Fuel burners 48, like or similar to, burners 21, fire boiler furnace 44. A single burner or a plurality of burners 48 may be utilized for this purpose.

The space included between the banks of tubes 42 and 43 define in general a superheater furnace 50. A baflle extends upwardly from drum 4| between the first two rows of tubes at the left side of main bank 42 and terminates at an elevation considerably short of drum 40. A baffle 52 extends from drum 4| between the first two rows of tubes at the right hand side of tube bank 43 to an elevation approximately the same as the upper end of baflie 5|.

A superheater is disposed in the superheater furnace 50 which consists of headers 53 and 54 connected by a row of loop tubes 55, the upper ends of the loops being disposed approximately at the upper ends of the baiiles 5| and 52. A fuel burner 56 like, or similar to, burner 48, fires superheater furnace 50.

Each of burners 48 and 56 has adequate means for regulating the intensity of firing of the burner, so that the intensity may be varied from maximum to minimum or the burner may be cut out entirely.

The operation of this form of the invention is similar to the operation of the form shown in Fig. 1. Saturated steam is produced by firing of boiler furnace 44 with one or more of the burners 48, the products of combustion flowing upwardly from burners 48 across tubes 43, and thence in contact with and downwardly in a longitudinal direction over the tubes of main bank 42, after which they enter the lower end of flue l4 and flow over the economizer 36 and out stack l3. superheated steam is produced by firing superheater furnace 56, the products of combustion flowing upwardly from the one or more burners 56 to commingle with the gases from boiler furnace 44 after which they fiow downwardly over the main bank of tubes 42. The desired degree of superheat from zero to maximum for the unit is obtained by control of the number of burners 56 in operation and the intensity with which they are fired, as described in connection with the operation of the form disclosed in Fig. l. The products of combustion from boiler furnace 44 do not flow over the superheater tubes 55 but all of the products of combustion from burners 56 fiow over the main bank of tubes 42. The superheater tubes absorb heat both by radiation and convection from the products of combustion produced by burner 56. Obviously, forms of superheaters other than the form shown in Fig. 2 may be employed, if desired.

With the arrangements herein disclosed, it will be perceived that an extremely compact steam generating and superheating unit is provided which possesses great flexibility of control of the production of superheated steam of the desired degree of superheat at all rates of steaming. Great economy and efliciency are provided due to the fiow of all products of combustion generated in the superheater furnace, over steam generating elements of the unit.

The quantity of air supplied to the burners 21 and 34, and 48 and 56, may be controlled by separately enclosing the burners and by utilizing one or more dampers to control the fiow of air into each of the enclosures and thence to the burners. One suitable arrangement for accomplishing this is illustrated in my co-pending application Serial No. 206,737, filed May 9, 1938. With such means and method of operation, the degree of superheat may be controlled readily by varying the supply of air to the burners 21 and 34, and 48 and 53, without changing the rate of supply of fuel to the burners, as disclosed in my copending application aforesaid.

If desired, either the boiler or superheater furnace, or both, may be fired by stokers in lieu .of the burners disclosed.

Although preferred forms of the invention are disclosed, the principles of the invention may be embodied in other forms of generating and superheating units. Since changes may be made in the form, location and relative arrangement of the several elements of the generators disclosed herein without departing from the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited excepting by the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A steam generator comprising a setting, a main bank of steam generating tubes in the setting, a boiler fumace in the setting separated from the main bank of tubes by other steam generating tubes, means for firing the boiler furnace, a superheater furnace disposed between the main bank of tubes and said other tubes, a superheater in the superheater furnace, and means for firing the superheater furnace, the arrangement being such that gases produced in the superheater furnace, pass in heat xchange relationship with said main bank of tubes after flowing out of the superheater furnace.

2. A steam generator comprising a setting, a main bank of steam generating tubes in the setting, a boiler furnace in the setting separated from the main bank of tubes by other steam generating tubes, means for firing the boiler furnace, a superheater furnace disposed between the main bank of tubes and said other tubes, a baifle separating the boiler and superheater furnaces, a superheater in the superheater furnace, and means for firing the superheater furnace, the arrangement being such that gases produced in the superheater furnace, pass in heat exchange relationship with said main bank of tubes after flowing out of the superheater furnace.

3. A steam generator comprising a setting, a main bank of steam generating tubes in the setting, a boiler furnace in the setting separated from the main bank of tubes by other steam generating tubes, means for firing the boiler furnace, a superheater furnace disposed between the main bank of tubes and said other tubes, a bafile adjacent said other tubes for separating the boiler and superheater furnaces, a superheater in the superheater furnace, and means for' firing the superheater furnace, the arrangement being such that gases produced in the superheater furnace, pass in heat exchange relationship with said main bank of tubes after flowing out of the superheater furnace.

4. A steam generator comprising a setting, a main bank of steam generating tubes in the setting, a boiler furnace in the setting separated from the main bank of tubes by other steam generating tubes, means for firing the boiler furnace, a superheater furnace disposed between the main bank of tubes and said other tubes, at superheater in the superheater furnace, spaced bafiles flanking the superheater and separating the superheater from the boiler furnace and the main bank of tubes, and means for firing the superheater furnace, the arrangement being such that gases produced in the superheater furnace, pass in heat exchange relationship with said main bank of tubes after flowing out of the superheater furnace.

5. A steam generator comprising a setting, an upper drum and two spaced lower drums in the setting, banks of steam generating tubes connecting the upper drum and the lower drums, a boiler furnace at one side of both of said banks of tubes, means for firing the boiler furnace, a superheater disposed intermediate said banks of tubes, and means for firing the superheater, the arrangement being such that the gases produced by said means for firing the superheater pass'in heat exchange relationship with one of said banks of tubes after flowing in heat exchange relationship with the superheater and the gases produced by the means for firing the boiler furnace pass in heat exchange relationship with both of said banks of tubes.

6. A steam generator comprising a setting, an upper drum and two spaced lower drums in the setting, a main bank of steam generating tubes connecting the upper drum and one of the lower drums, a smaller bank of steam generating tubes connecting the upper drum and the other lower drum, a boiler furnace at one side of the smaller bank of tubes, means for firing the boiler furnace, a superheater disposed between the banks of tubes, baffles flanking the superheater and assoicated with said tube banks, and means for firing the superheater, the arrangement being such that the gases produced by said means for firing the superheater pass in heat exchange relationship with the main bank of tubes after flowing in heat exchange relationship with the superheater.

7. A steam generator comprising a setting, an upper drum and a lower drum disposed below the upper drum, a main bank of steam generating tubes connecting the drums, a smaller bank of steam generating tubes also connecting the drums but disposed at one side of and spaced from said main bank of tubes, a boiler furnace at one side of said main and smaller banks of tubes, means for firing the boiler furnace, a superheater disposed between said banks of tubes, and means for firing the superheater, the arrangement being such that the gases produced by the means for firing the superheater flow in heat exchange relationship with said main bank of tubes after flowing in heat exchange relationship with the superheater.

8. A steam generator comprising a setting, an upper drum and a lower drum disposed below the upper drum, a main bank of steamgenerating tubes connecting the drums, a smaller bank of steam generating tubes also connecting the drums but disposed at one side of and spaced from said main bank of tubes, a boiler furnace at one side of said smaller bank of tubes, means for firing the boiler furnace, a superheater disposed between said banks of tubes, baflies flanking the superheater and associated with said banks of tubes, and means for firing the superheater, the arrangement being such that the gases produced by the means for-firing the superheater flow in heat exchange relationship with said main bank of tubes after flowing in heat exchange relationship with the superheater.

9. A steam generator comprising a setting, a bank of steam generating tubes in the setting, a furnace in the setting separated from said bank of tubes by other tubes and having a single outlet for gases produced therein, means for firing the furnace, a superheater furnace disposed between said bank of tubes and said other tubes, a superheater in the superheater furnace disposed substantially out of the path of flow of the gases produced in' the first-mentioned furnace, and means for'flring the superheater furnace, the arrangement being such that gases produced in the superheater furnace pass in heat exchange relationship withsaid bank of tubes after flowing out of the superheater furnace.

10. A steam generator comprising a setting, a bank of steam generating tubes in the setting, a furnace in the setting separated from said bank of tubes by other tubes and having a single out-' let for gases produced therein, means for firing the furnace, a superheater furnace disposed between said bank of tubes and said other tubes, a superheater in the superheater furnace disposed substantially out of the path of flow of the gases produced in the first-mentioned furnace, the

,superheater having a portion adjacent each side of the superheater furnace and a portion extending across the superheater furnace adjacent the gas outlet end thereof, and means for firing the superheater furnace, the arrangement being such that gases produced in the superheater furnace pass in heat exchange relationship with said bank of tubes after flowing out of the superheater furnace.

11. A steam generator comprising a setting, an upper drum, two spaced lower drums, a separate bank of steam generating tubes extending between the upper drum and each lower drum, a boiler furnace in the setting, burner means for firing said boiler furnace positioned at one end of the setting to direct a stream of products of combustion toward the opposite end of the setting, a superheater furnace disposed between said banks of tubes, a superheater in said furnace having elements positioned substantially out of the path of fiow of said stream of products of combustion, and other burner means for firing the superheater furnace, the arrangement being such that the products of combustion produced in firing the boiler furnace flow over the tubes of each bank and the products of combustion produced in firing the superheater furnace flow in substantially the same direction as the products of combustion in said boiler furnace, first in heat exchange relationship with the superheater and thereafter in heat exchange relationship with at least one of said tube banks.

g 12. A steam generator comprising a setting, an upper drum; two spaced lower drums, a separate bank of steam generating tubes extending between the upper drum and each lower drum, a boiler furnace in the setting, burner means for firing said boiler furnace positioned at one end of the setting to direct a stream of products of combustion toward the opposite end of the setting, a superheater disposed between said banks of tubes, baflie means flanking the superheater and in part at least separating the boiler furnace and the superheater, and other burner means for firing the superheater, the arrangement being such that the products of combustion produced in firing the boiler-furnace flow over the tubes of each bank and the products of combustion produced in firing the superheat'er flow in substantially the same direction as the products of combustion in said boiler furnace, first in heat exchange relationship with the superheater and thereafter in heat exchange relationship with at least one of said tube banks.

13. A steam generator comprising a setting.

two spaced groups of fuel burners in the setting,

each group comprising at least one burner, a flue connecting with the setting at a point remote from said burners, a bank of steam generating tubes disposed in the path of the gases produced by both groups of burners in flowing to the flue,

a separate group of steam generating tubes having portions spaced a substantial distance from portions of tubes of said bank and disposed intermediate one group of burners and the flue, a superheater having tube portions disposed in heat exchange relationship with gases produced by the other group of burners in flowing to the flue, and baflie means for shielding the superheater from the gases produced by said one group of bumers.

JOHN BLIZARD.

- VERTIFICA'I'E OF CORRECTION, o v Patent No. 2,515,0u5. March 9., 19%.

JOHN BLIZARD.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follower Page 1, first column,' line 18, strike out the semicolon and insert instead a comma; line 7, L l, after the numeral "19" line hll, after "desiredfliline 55, after 25", and second column, line 1, after "setting", line '5, after "instances", line 55, after of same line, afterto" page 2, first 7 column, line ll, after "21", line 25, after "from", line 26, after "of" first occurrence, and line 72,- after insert a comma; same page and column, line 55, before "burners" insert -the-; and second column, lines 19 and 20, for due to" read "because of-; lines 21 61 and75, and page 5, first column, lines 1b, and 50, after "furnace" strike out the comma; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this hth day of May, A. D. 19%.-

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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