US2387420A - Fuel burner - Google Patents

Description

J Oct. 23, 1945. J; J URSUTZ 2,387,420

FUEL BURNER Filed June 8, 1942 fie bjm i INVENTOR.

I is covered with a layer of fire brick 2.

Patented Oct. 23, 1945 M Joseph. J Ursut z, Chesterton, Ind., assignor pf onef-third to George T. Bush, Chesterton, Ind.

ApplicationfJune s, 1942, sermnmnaisc 2 Claims.

(My invention relates to improvements infuel burners. and it more especially consists of the Spe a e tu s oin d out. i the nnexed claims... I

The purpose of my invention is to provide a unitary fuel burnercf vertical tubular form that may be flsemi-portable or large enough to warrant a permanent installation; that isadaptable tothe use of different kinds of fuels; that delivers theintense heat outsideof the heaterto a furnace orwhere it is most reguired; thatcombines air under pressure with the fuel and delivers the air tangentially at approximately! right angles to the fuel inlet; that preheats the fuel pipe in the combustionchamberj and that variably controls the admission of air and the intake of fuel, either manually or automatically as desired.

With theseand other ends in view I illustrate on the accompanying drawing such instances of adaptation as will. disclose. the broad underlying featuresl without limiting myself to the specific details showni thereon and described herein.

Fig. is a side elevation of my burner, shownslpar s of t si ro a 5 6 the direction of the arrow I in Fig. III.

Fig; II is a partial section and side elevae tion seen inthe direction of the arrow II on i III.

Fi lirjis a p v lan.vie w th. t e c er emo d 3 r H r Fig. IV' is a" detached diagrammatic view showing the vertical "angular relation of the air current to the .fuel delivery.

Fig. V is a detached diagrammatic view showing the horizontal angular relation of the fuel and air intakes. I

Fig. VI shows the diagrammatic relation of a burner to an associated furnace.

In adapting my invention to various industrial uses I may employ whatever modifications the exigencies of specific requirements may demand Without departing from the broad spirit of the invention.

In the adaptation shown in the drawing the burner unit is enclosed in a suitable sheet metal casing I, including a closed bottom and an open top. The top is closed by a sheet metal cover 3 that is held in place by sideclamp plates 5 on the cover and similar clamping plates on the body in line with the cover plates. Bolts pass through both plates.

The inside of the body walls and its floor Likewise the underside 4 of the cover is similarly protected against the intense heat that is generated within the lined casing. On some units I may place hand grips on the casing to make the shifting: of the unit from place to placean easy matter.

When liquid or gaseous fuel is used froma standard source of supply or a portable source it is led into the burner radially'by means of a pipe 6. having a shut-off valve I5 on the outside of the casing. This pipe and coupling l6 passes slightlydownwardly across the center toward the opposite wall, where at 1 it drops down to a short return portion 8 that terminates at 9 approximately midway between the center and the entry wall. This pipe contrary to conventional practice is not perforated. The intense heat of combustion keeps it red hot so that any fuel passing into the pipe becomes vaporized instantly and is delivered from the exit end 9 as a highly heated a nto th p th of t i m n supp of air. I

The air intake H is approximately at 45 to the vertical and horizontal and it is tangential to the center of the fire brick lining 2 at a descending angle to the vertical surface of the wall-but at approximately to the incoming fuel. The tangential downwardly directed combined air and fuel creates a swirling movement of great turbulence above the bottom and around the inside of the casing. The carbon of the fuel is entirelyconsumed and the liberated hot gases lthe enti e in er olume of the burne through the thorough vaporizatio of the fuel. The hot ases passout through he qnventionally line opening 13 of the large delivery pipe I? (Fig. 1) to wherever the heat is to be applied for metal smelting or other purposes' In foundry practice my burners are specially valuable as small quantities of iron can be quickly melted. "The supplying of heat to a small furnace is a rapid process, as it requires only about 20 to 30 minutes to produce the required heat after the burner has been lit. This saves a lot of time and makes small furnaces ready for operation for regular or emergency jobs. The burner is operated under a pressure system (the blower l4-power or handpump). With a hand pump the outfit is quite portable. The heat of the burner may be forced into any connected and associated furnace under pressure. This obviates the use of a stack and a draft or vacuum system to bring in oxygen for the heating or melting of metals.

As stated, the burner is available for field use in heating rivets on constructing jobs or for melting purposes. For this service it becomes a portable unit.

I am not limited to the use of so called fuel oil as I may use the heavy hydrocarbons, sludges, etc. 6 and control is not used but the airpipe also serves as the fuel intake. I have successfully used-saw dust but, basically, because of lowered B. t. u. the ultimate heat produced is not so great as when the more concentrated hydrocarbons are used. As a matter of fact I am not limited to any one specific kind of fuel. 7

As illustrative of the fuel value of different substances high grade bituminous coal has a B. t. u. value of 14,134 pe pound; high grade anthracite'13,351 B. t. u. per pound; gasoline- 20,250 B. t. u. per pound; kerosene-19,980 B. t. u. per pound; and'fuel oils, heavy petroleum or refinery residue, 18,630 B. t. u. per pound. 2000 pounds of average pine saw dust is about equal to 800 pounds of coal-44,134 B. t. u. per pound 800=11,307,200 B. t. u. per ton in comparison with 28,268,000 B. t. u. per ton of coal.

My fuel burner is specially efficient, in burning carbon out of steel. It is also available for foundry use, for heating metals and in very small sizes may take the place of conventional gasoline torches.

The operation of the .burner is simple. A lighter plug I is removed and just inside of the plug opening oil-soaked .Waste is placed. The blower N that supplies the air is turned on very lightly to admit'only a smallquantity of air. After lighting the waste the lighter plug is replaced. The oil valve I is turned on cautiously, to not flood the burner, until it is hot enough to vaporize all of the oil (about 1800 F.) Then the air and oil are slowly increased.

When the burner is used to remove the carbon from cast iron or steel in melted form, the fuel is shut off at 6 and the air from intake II is blown through the furnace which holds the melted metal. Should it be found necessary to further heat the melted metal it is only necessary to again turn on the fuel and continue the heating as long as required. This removal of the carbon can also be done by simply burning fuel and air together in cooperating proportions. By following thisprocedure the carbon can be removed to the desired extent without the use of iron ore or oxides to consume it.

My fuel burner lends itself to the heating of metals in an associated furnace l1 without excess of oxygen because only enough oxygen is admitted to the burner to consume the fuel or produce a reducing flame that will not oxidize the metal.

When using powdered fuels the intake pipe 2,387,420 I r r.

No extraneous oxygen can enter the cooperating furnace because it is Working under pressure, and any small openingsin the furnace will only let some of the pressure escape instead of drawing air inward. An unusual evenness of heat is secured by my pressure system, far'superior to that obtained by a vacuum or draft system because the heat supplied by the burner, independently of the furnace is spread out into every portion of the furnace uniformly: Any desired form of furnace may be used, either of the round or cupola type or that known as a horizontal type I1.

In using a heavy oil, under the control of valve l5, if not fully vaporized in the return pipe 8 it will be projected against the hot lining 2 to "complete the vaporization.

What I claim is:

1. A fuel burner provided with a combustion chamber enclosed by a refractory lined vertical cylinder, a fuel pipe passing through the wall of the chamber, a vaporizer connected to said pipe comprising a tube extending across the major portion of the chamber diameter, said tube having a reverse bend, and an approximately parallel portion connected to the bend and terminating below the tube within the combustion chamber to constitute a vaporizing unit, an air inlet tube above the fuel pipe placed at a tangent to a circle that is concentric with the axis of the chamber and'at approximately degrees horizontally and approximately 45 degrees vertically to and across the delivery end of the fuel vaporizer, and a hot gas exit above the vaporizer.

2. Afuel burner unit provided with a combustion chamber enclosed by a refractory lined verti cal cylinder, a fuel pipe passing through the wall.

of the chamber, a vaporizer connected to said pipe and extending across the major portion of the chamber diameter and inclined downward, a re- 3? Verse bend, an approximately parallel imperforate 4 and inclined on a vertical and a horizontal plane to the axis of the cylinder and positioned in alignturbulent area of the chamber at its bottom resulting in an intense concentration of heat,.and

a hot gas exit above the vaporizer.

' JOSEPH J. URSUTZ.

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