US2365381A - Calculating and printing machine - Google Patents

Description

as 19 19 c. P. Panama CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27, 1939 10 Sheets-Sheet l 1P. BQBERG 2,365,381

CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27', 1939 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 m N N pv a, k Q

1*; INVENTORI 26??785 7930724 79 I BY g: @1142: Macaw ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 39,1944, (3. F. BOBERG 1 CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27. 1939 10 Sheets-Sheet 3 Dec" R9, 1944. c. P. BOBERG 2,365,381

CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Filed NOV. 27, 1959 10 SheetsSheet 4 7 INVENTOR (/arzes BY ATTORNEYS Uec, 19, W44. c. P. BOBERG CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27, 1939 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 WE il b FQ INVEENTOR: ar/2'5 2 3052 V T qBw j V Dec. 19, 1944. R BOBERG 2,365,381

CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27, 1959 I 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG. /2.

]7 Z 29 271/07" [zzr/es 22307287 Dec. 19, 1944.. c. P. BOBERG CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE :10 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed Nov. 27, 1939 mumm 3 Dec" 19, 1944; c. P. BOBERG CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27, 1939 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 WIN; O xkmC Dec. 19, 1944. C R BOBERG CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27, 1939 10 Sheets-Sheet l0 m\ UN .NSESQWQ 95mm fm/erzza r: gjrz Pfijgq J zfamew ooh km E Bu u q h WEE a8 m Nu Patented Dec. 19, 1944 CALCULATING AND PRINTING MACHINE Charles P. Boberg, Chicago, 111., assignor to Addrcssograph-Multigraph Corporation, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application November 27, 1939, Serial No. 306,408 In Great Britain December 5, 1938 9 Claims.

This invention relates to calculating and printing machines and more particularly to machines into which groups of numerical items are entered and in which computations entailing the separate items in each group are performed.

The salient object of this invention is to enter numerical items group by group into a calculating or like machine and to effect independent computations or like operations, each based upon a particular group of items. in such a manner that a result of such a computation is produced concurrently with the entry of each group of items into the machine.

The present invention is an improvement on the invention disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 2,077,965 in which storage and control devices are utilized for cfiecting the direct printing of data. According to the present invention such storage and control devices are utilized along with accumulators into which additive and subtractive entries are made, and printing means are provided for printing the results of such entries into said accumulators, but it will be understood that the aforesaid storage and control devices might be used with calculating means other than the aforesaid accumulators within the ambit of the present invention.

It has been known heretofore to deriv numerical data from a record card or the like and to hold such data in storage until such time as it will be used to govern machine operations. For example, in calculating or other machines in which subtractive entries are effected into registers by the method of complemental addition, the item to be subtractively entered has been derived from the card and entered in an inverting device where it has been temporarily retained and then read out as a complement of the original item to the registering apparatus designed to receive it.

It has been further proposed, in machines of the character to which this invention pertains, to utilize record cards bearing representations of numerical data in code. The principal advantage of code representation of items on the card is that more items can be represented thereon than would be the case if conventional single-hole representation was employed. Because of the fact that utilization of code representations permits a large amount of data to be represented in a card of a given size it is possible. in place of employing a plurality of cards to record various items relating, for example, to a particular customers account, to incorporate representations of such items in a single card. Such use of code representations has been resorted to in constructions wherein data derived from a record card is entered in suitable storage apparatus to be subsequently released through the medium of translating devices to control the operation of registers, readouts, recording means or the like.

A disadvantage in such prior constructions as included in tabulating and calculating machines is that the storage means provided therein has been operative to store data from only one card at a time, and such storage means had to be completely cleared before the data from the next card could be introduced. This entailed suspending the card feeding operations so long as the storage means retained any part of the record entered therein. A further disadvantage has been that all parts of the stored intelligence were simul taneously released to the registering or other apparatus.

In view of these and other disadvantages, it is an object of the present invention to enable a tabulating, accounting, or like machine to rapidly and continuously store the data derived from record cards or the like advanced serially through the machine and to store data from successive cards in respective ones of a plurality of groups of storage devices.

Another object is to release different portions of the stored data or intelligence at selected times to accumulators or other amount manifestins devices.

Further objects are to store numerical data derived from sequentiall fed cards or the like in groups of storage devices of which a particular group is selectively allocated to alternate or otherwise sequence successive cards or the like; to store different portions of the intelligence derived from each card in respective sets of storage devices within the group; -to release numerical data stored in the several sets within the groups of storage devices at selected times so that the diflerent sets within each group are rendered efiective at different times with respect to each other, but so that selected sets among the several groups are simultaneously rendered effective; and to enable each group of storage devices to retain at least a portion of a sensed intelligence while the devices in another group are being set in accordance with the sensed intelligence from a subsequent card.

More specifically, it is an object to adapt a tabulating or accounting machine for use with record cards of such character that each card bears representations, preferably in code, of numerical items to be accumulated together; to enable concurrent transfer of a plurality of items from one card to respective sets of storage devices within a storage group; to release a stored item from the first of slch storage sets and enter same in an accumulator associated with the first storage group; to transfer a plurality of other items from a second card to respective sets of storage devices in a second storage group; to concurrently release a stored item from the second set in the first storage group and enter same in the first accumulator, and a stored item from the first set in the second storage group and enter same in a second accumulator; to transfer a lurality of items from a third card to respective sets of storage devices in a third storage group; to concurrently release stored items from the third set in the first storage group, the second set in the second storage group, and the first set in the third storage group, and enter same in th first, second and third accumulators, respectively; to

thereupon read out the total of the three items entered in the first accumulator to a printing means for printing said total on a sheet; and to thereafter proceed in such a manner that a result is read out from an accumulator and printed on a record sheet for each record card advanced through the machine, this being accomplished without suspending card feeding operations to permit accumulation of items.

The illustrated embodiment of the invention is capable of use in connection with the preparation of insurance premium notices. A perfo rated record card is prepared for each policyholder of an insurance company. Such card comprises a record, preferably in code, of the amount of the premium on a policy, the interest, if any. clue on a loan on the policy made by the company to the policyholder, and the value of the dividend, if any, issued by the company to the policyholder. The items of the premium and the interest, if any, are added together, and the divident item, if any, is subtracted therefrom to yield the total amount to be billed to the policyholder. In the course of operation of the machine the record cards for the various policyholders are passed successively through a sensing or card reading station. Upon sensing the first card. the machine stores whatever items of premium. interest and dividend that are derived therefrom and shortly thereafter enters the premium amount in an accumulator. Upon the sensing of the second card the machine stores whatever items that are derived therefrom and an additive entry of the interest item, if any, previously derived from the first card is effected into the first accumulator, and the premium from the second card is entered in a second accumulator. Upon the sensing of the third card the machine stores whatever items that are derived therefrom and a subtractive entry of the dividend item, if any. previously derived from the first card is effected, by the method of complemental addition, into the first accumulator. The interest item, if any, previously derived from the second card is entered in the second accumulator, and the premium from the third card is entered in a third accumulator. The result standing in the first accumulator is then read out and printed on a premium notice or the like intended for the first policyholder. The first accumulator and storage group will have been cleared by the time the fourth card is in sensing position, so that the items derived from this card are entered in the first storage group and accumulator as were the items of the first card. The reading of the fifth card is stored in the second storage group and the items thereof entered in the second accumulator; and so on. Commencing with the third card sensing operation, a total of the items of the premium and of the interest and dividend, if any, derived from the card which was sensed two card sensing operations previously will be printed in accompaniment with the advance of each successive card through sensing position.

Other and further objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and claims and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings which, by way of illustration, show a preferred embodiment and the principle thereof and what I now consider to be the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle. Other embodiments of the invention embodying the same or equivalent principle may be used and structural changes may be made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention and the purview of the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the storage relays;

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the control cams and the electrical connections for same;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of portions of the entry-effecting means for the accumulators;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the cardfeeding mechanism;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the card-feeding mechanism and control cams;

Fig. 6 is an elevation of a portion of the printing means;

Fig. '7 comprises fragmentary elevatlonal views of typical record cards employed in the machine;

Fig, 7A is a chart of the code under which numerical datum is represented in the record cards employed in this invention;

Fig. 8 is a partially schematic view of an encoding device; printing means; and sheet feeding mechanism;

Fig. 9 is an elevational view of a portion of an accumulator;

Fig. 10 is a partially diagrammatic front elevation of an accumulator, showing the resetting means for same;

Fig. 11 is a detail diagrammatic view of an accumulator readout;

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a one-way circuit device employed in the encoding device show in Fig. 8;

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of an inverting device for obtaining complements with respect to the digit ID of digits represented in code;

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of an inverting device for obtaining complements with respect to the digit 9 of digits represented in code; and

Figs. 15 and 16 are timing charts of the machine.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION The invention disclosed herein is capable of use in a wide variety of machines and its adaptation to the particular form of machine described herein is merely illustrative. In the particular embodiment of the invention chosen for purposes of description, use is made of perforated record cards bearing representations, preferably in code. of items pertaining to insurance policies or the like. A separate record card is prepared by the insurance company for each policyholder, and the several items to be represented on each record card are allocated to respective fields of the card. Thus in one field of the card the premium due on a policy is represented, in another field the interest, if any, due on a loan made under the policy is represented, and in still another field of the card the amount of the dividend, if any, issued by the company to the policyholder is represented. The load interest is to be added to the amount of the premium and the amount of the dividend is to be subtracted from this sum to obtain the amount due from the policyholder.

Various machine functions are performed under control of cams which are mounted on a common cam shaft synchronized with the card feeding mechanism. In each complete cycle of rotation of said cam shaft and the cams mounted thereon, there are three distinct sequences of operations, each such sequence being characterized by the feeding of a card to a sensing station in the machine.

In the first sequence of operations the first card is initially in sensin position. As can be seen from the timing chart, Fig. 15, the reading derived from this first card, which reading comprises the items of premium, interest and dividend, it entered into a group of storage devices comprising. for instance, relays included in a storage group A. Thereafter the premium amount derived from the first card and stored in group A is entered into an accumulator D. At the same time, if there has been a dividend amount stored in another storage group B from a previously sensed card, this dividend amount is entered into an accumulator E. Also if there has been an interest amount stored in still another storage group C from another previously sensed card, said interest amount is entered into a third accumulator F. Following these entries into the accumulators D, E and F from the storage groups A, B and C, respectively, there is an interval in which carryover operations. if any. take place. Following this the amount, if any, standing on the accumulator E is transferred to a printer G for this accumulator will now display the result of such entries that have been made thereinto of premium, interest and dividend derived from a previously sensed card. Such result is printed on a sheet and the accumulator E is restored to zero condition.

Thus the first sequence of operations comes to an end with the premium amount derived from the first card having been entered into an accumulator D. The other operations which have been described are idle if there were no previous cards sensed by the machine.

At the start of the second sequence of operations, the second card is at sensing position and the premium and the interest and dividend, if any or either, represented thereon are or is entered in a storage group B. Thereafter the pre' mium amount this stored in group B is entered into the accumulator E. which has been restored by this time. Also the interest, if any, from the first card is entered from the storage group A into accumulator D and the dividend amount, if any, stored in storage group C is entered into the accumulator F. Carry-over operations, if required, follow and if there is a total standing on the accumulator F as the result of a card havng been sensed previous to the first card. this t te is entered into the printer G and the result or total is printed onto a sheet.

Thus the premium and interest derived from the first card and stored in group A w ll have been entered in the accumulator D and the premium from the second card will have been entered in the accumulator E. If there had been no card sensed previously to the first card, the total printing operation effected under control of the accumulator F would have been idle.

At the start of the third sequence of operations, the third card is in sensing position and the premium and the interest and dividend, if any or either, derived from this card are or is stored in a storage group C. Subsequent to this the premium from the third card is entered from storage group C into the accumulator P, which has been reset by this time. Also the dividend. if any, derived from the first card and stored in group A is entered subtractively (by complemental addition) in accumulator D, and the interest, if any, derived from the second card is entered from storage group B into accumulator E. Necessary carry-over operations ensue. The accumulator D now registers the result of such entry of items of premium, interest and dividend, derived from the first card, as have been made thereinto. This result is entered into the printer G and is printed onto a premium notice or like sheet which is thereafter discharged from the machine. The accumulator D is reset to zero condition preparatory to receiving entrie from the fourth card, and a new sheet is advanced to printing position.

Accumulator E now registers the premium amount or sum of the premium and the interest amount, if any, derived from the second card and accumulator F registers the premium amount derived from the third card. The storage devices in group A are cleared and conditioned to receive new entries by the time the fourth card is advanced to sensing position.

At the initiation of the fourth sequence of operations, or the first sequence in the second cycle of rotation of the aforesaid cam shaft, the reading derived from the fourth card is stored in group A and the dividend amount, if any. which was drived from the second card in the second sequence of operations is now entered from the stora e group B into the accumulator E. After incidental carries, if any, have been entered, the

, accumulator E registers the premium amount, or

the sum of the premium and interest, if any, or the difference between the premium and th dividend, if any, or the result of entries of the premium'and the interest and dividend amounts. if any, dependent upon what amount were derived from the second card. This result is then entered in the printer G and is printed onto a premium notice pertaining to the corresponding policyholder.

Thus it will be seen that in each and every sequence, commencing with the third sequence, there will be printed on a premium notice whatever result accrues from entering a premium amount and/or interest and dividend amounts, if any. that are derived from a particular card.

Dsscnrr'rron or rm: APPARATUS Storage reZaysFig. 1

Th storage relays are divided into roups A.

' B and C, each such group being arranged to be set up under control of a particular card. Each group in turn comprises three sets of relays. each of these sets being composed of a number of banks of five relays each, such as the relays I, 2, 3, 4 and 5, there being five relays D r bank inasmuch as the record cards, Fig. 7, are perforated in accordance with a five-unit code in the present instance. In Fig. 1 only one bank of five relays is shown in each set within the various groups but it will be understood that other banks will be arranged in an identical fashion to those shown, the various banks of relays within each set respectively pertaining to the digits in the various denominations of the numerical items represented on a record card.

Thus in group A, the storage relays l, 2, 3, t and 5 in the first set pertain to the units denomination of the premium amount represented on the first record card to be fed to a sensing station in a machine. A similar bank of five relays is provided in the first set in group A in each higher denomination of the premium amount represented on the first card. The second set in group A, which set includes the storage relay l6, pertains to the interest amount, if any, represented on the first card. The third set including the relays H and i8 pertains to the dividend amount, if any, on the first card.

In group B the first set of storage relays, including the relays as 22, pertains to the premium amount on the second card fed to sensing position in the machine. The second set, including the storage relays as 23, pertains to the interest amount, if any, represented on the second card, and the third set including the relay pertains to the dividend amount, if any, on the second card.

In storage group C the relays in the first set. including the relay 28, relate to the premium amount represented on the third card fed to sensing position in the machine. The second set including the relay 3!, relates to the interest amount, if any, on the third card. The third set including the relay 32 corresponds to the dividend amount. if any, on the third card.

It will be understood that not every card fed to sensing position in the present machine, which is adapted for insurance work, will bear representations of interest and dividend amounts for not every policyholder will have made a loan on his policy and it may be that no dividend is due, which condition, it will be understood, may arise fora wide variety of reasons. However, each card will customarily bear representations of a pre mium amount. In any event, where there are no representations in a. particular field on a card then no storage relays in the set pertaining to such field are set up with the result that no operations. such as those hereinafter described, are effected under control of such relays. However, because it will facilitate description of this invention, hereinafter each card will be assumed to have representations in all fields thereon unless otherwise indicated.

Transfer relays 6, 2| and 21' are respectively provided for the storage relay groups A, B and C. The movable leaves of the contacts of these transfer relays are connected in multiple to corresponding card sensing fingers 59A to 5913, inclusive, 60A to 60E, inclusive, and MA to SIE, inclusive. Fig. 2, that respectively cooperate with contact bars as 59, 60 and SI. These sensing fingers are adapted to be selectively grounded from the contact bars through perforations as 90A, 90B and 90C in a record card as 90, Fig. '7.

Assuming that the transfer relay 6, Fig. 1, has been energized, it will close its several contacts and complete circuits, from ground at those sensing fingers which are in contact with their respective bars. to the left-hand or energizing windings of the corresponding storage relays in group A. Thus when th sensing finger 59A is grounded from the bar 59 through a card perforation as 90A, it is effective through the contact 6A of transfer relay 6 to energize the winding IA of the assessor lowermost storage relay l in the corresponding bank in the first set of storage relays, group A. This storage relay thereupon energizes to close its contacts and through its winding IE it establishes a holding circuit through conductor 53D, Figs. 1 and 2, to ground at a cam contact 53A. Likewise every other storage relay which has been energized in group A will establish a similar holding circuit for itself. The relays in the first set, such as relay I, lock up through the grounded conductor 53D and cam contact 53A. The storage relays as H5 in the second set lock up through conductor 54D and the grounded cam contact 54A. The relays in the third set such as the relays I! lock up through conductor 55D and cam contact 55. After the storage relays have so been locked up the card as 90, Fig. 7, may be fed away from sensing position, after ground has been removed from the contact bars 59, 60 and BI to prevent improper grounding as the perforations pass the sensing fingers. The storage relays in group A which have been so locked up under control of the card will retain their settings until released at a subsequent time in the operation of the machine, as described in detail hereinafter.

Transfer relays 2i and 2'! function in the same manner as the transfer relay 6 for their respective storage groups B and C. Relay 2| effects transfer of the data derived from the second card 9!, Fig. 7 to the storage relays in group B and causes said relays to be selected and energized in accordance with said data. In the same manner as the storage relays in group A were set up under control of the card 90, transfer relay 2! when energized enables the storage relays in group C to be selected and energized in accordance with the data on the third card 92, Fig. 7. It will be understood that cards as 90, 9| and 92 are advanced successively to sensing position above the contact bars 59, 60 and SI in the course of operation of the machine and the readings thereon are successively transferred to the storage relays in the groups A. B and C.

The shift relays l to IE, inclusive, are allocated to respective sets of storage relays in the several groups. For example, the shift relay 1 is allocated to the first set (premium amount) in group A. When this relay is energized, it closes its several contacts including the contact 7A to thereby extend ground to the contacts as lC of the storage relays as l in the first set in group A. If any of these storage relays are energized at this time ground will continue through the contacts as IC and corresponding contacts of the shift relay 1 to corresponding ones of the conductors Al, A2. A4, A6 and A8 for purpose of controlling the actions of certain permutation devices described hereinafter.

Shift relay 8 is adapted to close circuit from contacts as IE0 of the energized storage relays as i5 in the second set of group A (interest amount) to corresponding ones of the conductors Al, A2, A4. A6 and A8.

Shift relay 9 establishes circuits from ground through the closed contacts as ITC of the storage relays as I! in the third set of group A premium amount) to the conductors Al, A2, A4, A6 and A8 through the intermediary of an inverting device generally designated VA. The device VA, as will be explained hereinafter, is adapted to set up a complement. in code, of the digit represented in code by the settings of the storage relays in the third set of group A. The utility of this arrangement will appear hereinafter.

Shift relays l0, H and i2 interconnect the conshift relays l to 15, inclusive, Fig. 1.

tacts as 22C, NC and 25C of the storage relays as 22, 24 and 25 in the first, second and third sets, respectively, of group B with conductors Bl, B2, Ba, B6 and B8 for a purpose to be described. Relay l2 acts through the intermediary of an inverting device VB for converting the setting of the storage relays in the third set (dividend amount) into its complement. Shift relays l3, M and i operate to interconnect contacts of the selected storage relays in group C with conductors Cl, C2, C3, Ca and C5.

It will be understood that in the present machine the shift relays in any one group are not operated simultaneously at any time in the operation of the machine. However, shift relays in different groups may be operated at the same time. For example, relays i, ii and in may be operated together; likewise relays 6, ill and i5; or 9, l l and i3 as will be explained.

Control cams-Figs. Z and 5 The cams 56 to 58 and 52 to 66, inclusive, are mounted on a common shaft 87 and are all uperated in synchronism with the feeding of record cards through the machine. The particular arrangement is such that the cam shaft 8! makes one complete rotation for every three cards successively passed through the machine. Each cycle of rotation of the cam shaft 87 and the cams mounted thereon is divided into three distinct sequences as will be explained.

Cam 62 is provided with three contacts 82A, 52B and 62C spaced at equal distances about its periphery and with a lobe for successively closing said contacts. Each contact, when closed, extends ground through a conductor 62D to the contact bars as 58, 6B and 6! at the card sensing station in the machine. Contact Bill closes when the first card has been fed to sensing position. Contact tZB closes when a second card has reached sensing position, and contact 62C closes when a third card has reached sensing position, and thereupon this order of closing of the contacts recommences if the cam shaft 8? continues rotation as it does in normal operation of the machine.

Cam in is provided with a lobe for successively closing the equally spaced contacts 50A, 50B and WC thereabout. Contact 50A is closed when the first card is in sensing position and extends ground through a conductor 50D to the winding of transfer relay 6 for energizing said relay. Similarly, contact 50B closes and thereby-effects energization of transfer relay 2! when the second card is in sensing position and contact 500 closes and thereby efiects energization of transfer relay 2! when a third card is in sensing position, and

, thereupon this order of closing of the contacts recommences as explained with reference to contacts 62A, 62B and 62C.

Cams 56, 5! and 58 control the operation of the Cam 56 closes its contact 56A during the first sequence in the cycle and thereupon impresses ground on the conductors 56B, 51D and 580 which respectively lead to the windings of the shift relays 1, l2 and it. Cam 57 closes its contact 57A during the second sequence in the cycle and through conductors 5560, 57B and 580 extends ground to the windings of the shift relays 8, Hi and I5. Cam 58 clos'es its contact 58A during the third sequence in the cycle and through conductors 55D, 51C and 583 extends ground to the windings of shift relays 9, M and iii.

Cams 53, at and 55 control the holding circuits for the storage relays in the various groups. Cam 53 momentarily opens its contacts 53A, 53B and 53C toward the close of the first sequence in the cycle to remove ground from the conductors 53D, 53E and 53F which form part of the holding circuits for the storage relays in the first set in group A, the third set in group B, and the second set in group C. Cam 54 momentarily opens its contacts 54A, 54B and 54C toward the close of the second sequence in the cycle to remove ground from the holding circuits including the conductors 54D, ME and 54F for the second set of storage relays in group A, the first set in group B, and the third set in group C- Cam 55 opens its contacts 55A, 55B and 55C toward the close of the third sequence in the cycle to break the holding circuits including the conductors 55D, 55E and 55F for the storage relays in the third set in group A, the second set in group B, and the first set in group C.

Cams 5i and 52 control the printing and sheet feeding operations of the machine. Cam 65 controls the sequential operation of the shift relays 35, 36, and 3'1, Fig. 8, for interconnecting the readouts of the accumulators D, E, and F, Fig. 3, with the entry-effecting means for the printer G, Fig. 8. Cam 65 controls the resetting of the accumulators. Cams 63 and 64 are instrumental in-controlling carry-over entry effecting operations in the accumulators D, E and F. Cam 64 also controls the application of ground to the accumulator readouts as RD, Fig. 3, for reading amounts from the accumulators.

Card feeding mechanism-Figs. 4 and 5 The motor 84, Fig. 5, drives the cam shaft 81 through gears 85 and 86 and also, through gears 83 and 82, drives the card feeding mechanism. Gear 82 is fast on a shaft 8| which also carries gears so and a feed roll 19, said feed roll cooperating with another feed roll 19A to advance a card fed into the bite therebetween. The stack of record cards 18 is supported on edge on a horizontal plate ll and the cards are yieldably urged into engagement with a card picker '18 that is connected by links to the gears 80 and which functions to withdraw the foremost card from the stack 16 and feed it into the bite between the feed rolls I8 and 19A each time the gears 80 make a revolution.

Gear 82 on the feed roll shaft 8! is not driven continuously because both gears 82 and 83 are mutilated and there will be an interval in which the gear 82 is at rest, this occurring when the card has reached sensing position between the contact bars 59, 60 and 6| and the cooperating sensing brushes as 59A, 60A and BIA, Figs. 4 and 2. Thus the card ieed rolls and card picker [8 are idle while the card is being sensed. Thereafter the rotation of the gear 82 is resumed and the card is advanced from sensing position by the roll I9 and also by the roll which is driven by the gear 80 through the medium of an idler pinion and the gear 80A. The card picker 18 is restored to its upper position, shown in Fig. 4, when rotation of shaft 82 is resumed and thereafter descends to feed a new card to sensing position.

Printing and encoding means and sheet feeding mechanism--Figs. 6 and 8 The printing means G shown in Fig. 6 is illustrative of an arrangement that can be conven ientiy utilized in the preferred embodiment of the invention. Such printing means comprises a series of type bars as I I2, carrying type members as 83 and 83A contained in individual type holders as 05. Each type bar H2 is selectively posi tioncd by a group of permutation members generally designated GI, G2, G4, G6 and G8. The several permutation members together constitute a permutation movement. Thus, for example, the member GI includes a solenoid I having a plunger ISA and a rod I58 attached to said plunger. Slide bars C and 75D are pivotally connected at one end to the rod 75B and are separated at their other ends by a spacing bar 1513 disposed therebetween intermediate said ends. The slide bar 75C acts against a stationary stop 82 while the slide bar 75D exerts a camming action on a push bar 'iSF whenever the plunger rod ISB is actuated upon energization of the solenoid I5. Member G2 includes a solenoid I6. a plunger ISA and connected rod 10B, slide bars I50 and 161), spacing bar 76E and push bar 16F. Slide bar 'IBC acts against the push bar 'I'5F of the member GI and the slide bar 76D acts upon the push bar 16F. Members Gd, G0 and G8 are arranged similarly to the members G2 and GI with respect to each other. The slide bar 'ISID of the member G8 directly efiects the positioning of the type bar H2.

A coil spring 0i tends to urge the type bar II2 to the left as viewed in Fig. 6 so that the zero type character H3 will be disposed in printing position above the inlring ribbon IR and directly beneath a hammer lid. Magnet H5, when energizcd. draws the hammer IE4 upwardly against the action of a spring 848 but when magnet IIS deenergized the hammer I I4 is quickly restored toward its normal position by the spring 84B and in so doing the hammer arm strikes a pin 84C located intermediate the spring 8413 and the hammer head which causes the hammer II4 to snap sharply downwardly to so strike the type member disposed therebelow that an impression is made, through the ribbon IR, onto a sheet disposed in printing position.

Permutation member GI, when operated, moves the type bar II2 one step to the right as viewed Fig. 6 to dispose the second type member, which carries the character 1, in printing position. Member G2 functions to move the type bar H2 trough two positions to thereby dispose the type character 2 in printing position. Member G4.

when actuated, moves the type bar H2 through four positions. Member G0 is effective to move the type bar through six positions. Member G8 will advance the bar II2 through eight positions when operated. Through the action of these permutation members, singly or in combinations, the type bar may be moved Into a number of difierent positions. Inasmuch as the printer G is to be used for printing numerical items onto a sheet, there are ten type characters bearing the digits 0 and l to 9 mounted in the type bar II2. Members GI, G2, G4, G6 and G8, when operated singly, respectively position the type characters 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively in printing position. Members GI and G2 when operated together dispose the digit 3 in printing position. Members GI and G4 operating together set up the digit 5. Members GI and G0 together set up the digit 7, and members GI and G8 together enter the digit 9. The permutation members of the printer G are thus operated in accordance with the code shown in Fig. 7A which code is also employed in recording digital values in the record cards as 90, Fig. '7.

For a reason which will appear hereinafter, it

is necessary in the course of operation of the machine to convert digital entries to be effected into the printer G, from ordinary notation Into the code shown in Fig, 7A. For this purpose encoding devices as T, Fig. 8. are employed. of which there is one for each order of the printer G. The terminals TI to T9, inclusive, of each such device T are connected to digit-representing conductors pertaining to the digits 1 to 9, respectively. The terminals TI, T2, T4, T0 and T0 are respectively connected to the magnets of the permutation members GI, G2, G4, G6 and G8. The terminals TI to T9 and the terminals TI T2, T4, T6 and T8 are interconnected in such a manner that when ground is applied on a digit-representing conductor connected to a terminal as, for ex ample, T3, circuit is continued to terminals as TI and T2 and thence to the magnets of the permutation members as GI and G2. Thus in the present example, the conventional representation of the digit 3 has been converted into the code representation of the digit. In order to prevent harmful feedbacks through the interconnected circuits of the encoding device T, a number of one-way current devices I30, Fig. 12. are provided in the respective circuits. In th present instance each such one-way current device comprises a relay I36, the winding of which is connected to a terminal as TI. The contact I36A of this relay when closed upon energization thereof extends ground to a terminal as TI However. if ground is not present on the terminal as Tl. the relay as I36 is not energized and therefore the grounding of a terminal as TI has no effect. for ground cannot be extended from the terminal as TI to the terminal as TI when the contact I36A' of the relay I36 is open.

The sheet feeding apparatus comprises an endless conveyor I08 carrying a number of spaced projections as IO0A and IO0B that are adapted to engage sheets as SI and S2 for advancing the same toward and away from printing position when the conveyor I08 i set in motion. Pin wheels I05 are provided for advancing the conveyor I08, each pin wheel I06 being attached to a gear I05 which meshes, in turn. with another gear I04. A ratchet wheel I03 is fast to the gear I04 and is operated by a ratchet arm I02 connected through a pin and slot arrangement to the plunger of a solenoid IOI. Thus whenever the solenoid IOI is energized to move its plunger to the right. as viewed in Fig, 8, the ratchet arm I02 drives the ratchet wheel I03 and gear I04. and hence the gear I05 and pin wheel I06 to thereby advance the conveyor belt I08 to thereby discharge the sheet formerly at printing position and advance a new sheet thereto. When solenoid IOI is deenergized, it releases the ratchet arm I02 without effect other than to restore it to norma. position.

Accumulaturs-Fias. 3, 9. 10. 11

The accumulators D. E and F. Fig. 3, are identical in construction and therefore but one of such accumulators, the accumulator D, is described in detail. Thus, each accumulator as D includes a set of permutation members, generally designated DI, D2, D4, D6 and D8 for the units order, DI, D2, D4, D6 and D8 for the tens order, and so on. The permutation member in each set thereof are respectively connected electrically to conductors as Al, A2, A4, A0 and A8. Figs. 3 and 1, which are included in the circuits controlled by the shift relays as I, and these permutation members and associated shift circuit aaeasai means together constitute an entry-effecting means similar to that for the printer G, Fig. 6. However, in place of type bars as N2 the permutation means of the accumulator D are equipped with rack bars 38 that mesh with gears 39 on a shaft BSD (this being the reset shaft for the accumulator D and the operation of which is described subsequently). As viewed in Fig. 10, there is a series of rack bars as 38 that respectively pertain to the units, tens, hundreds, and so on, orders of the accumulators. Each gear as 39 is rotatably mounted on the shaft RSD in proximity to another gear Mi likewise rotatably mounted on the shaft RSD. A pawl 41, pivotally connected to one face of the gear it), is yieldingly urged into engagement with the teeth of the gear 39 by suitable means such as a leaf spring. When gear 39 is driven clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 9, by the rack bar 38, it is effective through the pawl ll to drive the gear 46. When rack bar 38 is restored to normal po ition, however, and the gear 39 is rotated counterclockwise, the teeth of the gear 39 move idly past the pawl 4i, suitable detents being provided to prevent reverse movement of the gears as 40.

Gears as fill mesh with gears as 62 fast on shafts as 44. When the gear M is driven by the entryeffectlng means including the permutation mem ber at DI, D2, and so on, it drives the gear 32 and shaft M to thereby position the brushes 45 and MA of a readout RD, Figs. 3, l and 11. The readout RD comprises an approximately semicircular conducting segment Q6 and a number of smaller contact segments DU, Di, D2 and so on, respectively pertaining to the digits 0 and 1 to 9, inclusive, these digit representing segments being separated from each other by suitable insulation. Brushes as and 45A are diametrically opposite each other and are adapted to be so positioned that one of the brushes is in contact with a digitrepresenting segment in accordance with the value of the digit set up in the readout. Brushes t5 and 45A are electrically connected so that whenever contact segment 36 is grounded, by means to be described hereinafter, ground will be extended through the selected digit-representing segment to one of a number of connected digit-representing conductors leading from these contact segments into a cable CD.

The segment DI) representative of the digit 0 is not connected to a digit-representing conductor in the illustrated form of the invention but if occasion arises Where provision must be made for actually entering a zero, said segment DB can be wired up accordingly. The contact segments D1 to D9, inclusive, are wired up as aforesaid. A special contact segment DC is located intermediate the segment D9 and the positlon on the readout RD which would correspond to the digital value 10. The segment DC is thus contacted by a brush as 4%; whenever said brush is passing from the position corresponding to the digit 9 to that indicative of 10 or 0. The segment DC may thus be employed for indicating the need for a carry-over into the next higher order of the accumulator in the course of an entry into the readout RD, It will be understood that readouts similar to RD are provided for the tens and higher orders of the accumulator D as well as for the units order.

All entries of items into the accumulators D, E and F are in an additive sense; and where a subtractive entry of an item as a dividend amount is to be made, such entry is effected by the method of complemental addition, the precise manner in which this is accomplished being explained in detail hereinafter. Therefore, the means for eifecting carry-overs in the accumulators need only be operative to effect additive carries. Suitable carry-over apparatus for this purpose is provided for effecting transfers of carries from one order to another in each of the accumulators. Thus, for effecting carries from the units to tens orders in accumulator D, a pair of carry-over relays i272 and 823 is provided. A like pair of relays is provided for effecting carries from tens to hundreds orders. If the accumulator has capacity for four orders, a pair of carry-over relays as I22 and I23 is provided to effect carries from hundreds to thousands orders, and it will therefore be apparent that a pair of carry-over relays is provided to effect carries from each order to the next higher order within the capacity of the accumulator. Each pair of carry-over relays as I22 and I23, when operated in a manner to be described, controls the entry of a digital value of 1 into the readout in the higher of the two orders to which the particular pair of carry-over relays is allocated.

Such carries as are required to be made into the readouts of the accumulator D are entered following each entry of an item as premium, interest, or dividend into this accumulator. If, in the course of such an entry into the accumulator. the need arises for making a carry from one order into the next higher order, the corresponding pair of carry-over relays is conditioned for subsequent operation, such subsequent operation of the carry-over relays occurring after the entry of the item which is to be accumulated is completed, at which time each pair of carry-over re'lays that was previously conditioned for operation is operated to release the carry stored therein and enter same in the appropriate readout. All carryover entries which result from the direct entry of the digits of one item to digits in corresponding orders of the amount previously manifested by the accumulator are entered concurrently at a predetermined time in the operation of the machine after entry of the item to be accumulated has been effected.

However, long carries, such as result when a readout which previously registered the digit 9 receives a carry of 1 from the next lower order and must therefore effect a carry of 1 to the next higher order, are entered subsequent to the direct carry entries, and long carries in successive orders are entered successively. Thus, for example, assume that each of the tens and hundreds order readouts registers the digit 9 following the entry of an item into the accumulator D, and that a direct carry entry of 1 is thereupon effected from units to tens order. The tens readout is thereby adjusted from the position representative of the digit 9 to its zero position, and as a result of this a long carry is thereupon effected from the tens order into the hundreds order readout, so that the latter is now advanced from the position representative of the digit 9 to its zero position, and a long carry is thereupon effected from the hundreds order into the thousands order.

Each of the carry-over relays as I22 or I23 is double wound, and in addition to this, the relay as I22 in each pair is slow to release so that a time delay is interposed in the interval between initiation of its deenergization and the opening of its contacts I 22C and I22D. To condition a pair of carry-over relays as I22 and I23 for subsequently operating to effect entry of a carry, these relays are energized simultaneously and are main.-

tallied energized until such time as they are to be rendered effective to enter the carry digit. Such energization of the relay I23 causes it to open its contact I 23D and deprive the contact I22D of relay I22 of ground, so that closure of contact I22D upon energization of relay I22 is without effect. To initiate carry-over operations relays as I22 and I22 are deenergized, and relay I23 promptly releases and closes its contact I23D; but relay I22, being slow to release, holds its contact I22D closed for a predetermined time after deenergization of this relay is initiated, and such sequential release of the carry-over relays in a pair as I22 and I23 is effective to enter the required carry into the next higher order, as will be explained presently.

Windings I22A and I23A of the relays I22 and I23 are connected by a common conductor I36 to the carry-over segment DC of the readout RD,

Figs. 3 and ll, and when this segment is momentarily grounded, as the brush as E5 passes from digital positions 9 to 0 in the course of an entry into the readout RD. the windings I22A and IZEA are momentarily energized and the relays thereupon actuate their several contacts. closes its contact I230 and establishes a holding circuit for itself through the winding IEBB, contact NBC and a conductor I2I, Figs. 3, 1 and 2, leading to the contact 63A of control cam 83 which will be closed at the time relay I23 is to he energized. Likewise, relay I22 establishes a holding circuit through its winding I223, Contact I22C, conductor MI and cam contact 63A. When relay i22 energizes, its contact I22D closes, but

without effect, inasmuch as this contact must derive ground through the contact 2310 of relay l23. which latter contact will be open at the time relay I22 energizes,

After the respective entries into the several readouts of the accumulator D have been effected, the control cam 53. 2. opens its contact 63A and frees the conductor l2I of ground whereupon ground is removed from the windings I22B and I23B of the carry-over relays I22 and I23. The windings I22A and INA of these relays are not energized at the time windings I22B and [23B are so freed of ground for the brushes as 45 of the readouts as RD never come to rest in engagement with the carry-over contact segments as DC. When winding I23B is freed of ground. as just described, relay I23 promptly dcenergizes and closes its contact i231). However, when winding I228 is freed of ground in the manner just described contact I22D of relay I22 remains closed since the relay I22 is a slow-to-release relay. Thus ground is momentarily extended from contact I23D of relay I23 to contact I22D of relay I22 and thence through a conductor I28 to the conductor AI leading to the magnet of the permutation member DI in the tens order of the accumulator D. Member DI 18 thereupon actuated to enter a digital value of 1 into the tens readout. Likewise any direct carry-over entries which are required into higher orders of the accumulator D are effected concurrently with entry of the carry into the tens order and under control of carry-over relays similar to the relays I22 and I23.

When slow-to-release relays I22 release, their contacts as I22D open but by the time this occurs the permutation members as DI will have had time to operate to enter the required carries, Opening of contacts as I22D of the relays as I22 removes ground from the conductors as I28 and AI leading to the magnets of the permutation Relay I23 members as DI in the next higher orders and thereby deenergizes the magnets of said members to allow restoration thereof.

In the event the tens order readout had registered the digit 9 prior to entry of the carry digit thereinto a long carry would then be effected into the hundreds order. Conductor III which forms part of the holding circuits for the carry-over relays as I22 and I23 is not grounded during the carry-entering operations inasmuch as contact 63A of cam 63 which supplies ground to the conductor I 2I is opened to initiate the carry-entering operation, as aforesaid, and remains open throughout the interval when carries are being effected. Therefore, although the carry-over relays as I22 and I23 in the tens order are momentarily energized as the readout brush 45 passes over the carry segment DC in the course of such carry entries into the tens readout, they immediately start to deenergize as the readout brush 45 moves from contact with the carry segment D. C. The relay as I23 promptly releases but the relay as I22 affords a time delay sufficient to enable a carry to be entered into the hundreds order in the same manner in which the carry into the tens order was effected under control of the slow relay I22 in the units order when the relay I23 in the units order was released.

The accumulators E and F, identical in construction to the accumulator D, as has been stated, are provided with readouts as RE and RF for each order thereof. Carry-over relays as I24 and I25 are provided for the accumulator E and carry-over relays as I26 and I21 are provided for the accumulator F, these relays functioning in the same manner as the carry-over relays I22 and I23 for the accumulator D. The digital conductors leading from the readouts as RD of the accumulator D are included in a cable CD, those conductors leading from the readouts as RE of the accumulator E are included in a cable CE, and the digital conductors leading from the readouts as RF oi the accumulator F are Included in a cable CF. These cables reappear in Fig. 8 and the digital conductors contained therein are connected to corresponding contacts of shift relays 35 for the cable CD, 35 for the cable CE, and 31 for the cable CF.

The shift relays 35, 36 and 31 selectively interconnect the digital conductors leading from the readouts of the various accumulators D, E and F with the terminals TI to T9, inclusive, of the encoding device T. Thus, shift relay 35, when energized, enables an entry to be effected from readouts as RD in the accumulator D into the printing means G through the medium of the encoding devices as T wherein the amout standing on the accumulator D in conventional notation is converted into code before being entered into the printer G. Shift relay 36. when energized, similarly enables an entry to be made from the accumulator E into the printer G and shift relay 3?, when energized, also similarly enables an entry to be effected from the accumulator F into the printer G.

Each of the accumulators D, E and F is provided with a reset shaft such as RSD, RSE or RSF. Referring first to the accumulator D, the shaft BSD is provided with a longitudinal groove Ill. The gears 40, rotatably mounted on the shaft RSD, are provided with pawls 43, Figs. 9 and 10, which are yieldably urged Into engagement with the periphery of the shaft RSD. When the gears 40, and accumulator readouts aaeaesi driven thereby, are in their normal or zero positions, the pawls 13 are in engagement with the groove ll in the shaft RSD. As the gears iii are rotated clockwise as viewed in Fig. 9, however, in the course of entries thereinto, the pawls is are rotated away from positions in which they engage the groove ll. When the accumulator D is to be reset, the shaft RSD is driven clockwise as viewed in Fig. 9, through a complete rotation by means to be described presently and in the course of such rotation of the shaft RSD, the groove ll will align with the pawls 63 which then seat therein and drive the gears til and accumulator readouts connected thereto back to their normal or zero positions. In the course of such restoration of the gears ill and their respective readouts the pawls to ride idly over the teeth of the gears 39 so that the rack bars 33 will not be affected during the zero-setting operation.

Contact segments as 38 of readouts as RD are connected to ground through conductor I29, Figs. 3, 1 and 2, and contact MA of cam till throughout the entry-effecting and carry-entering operations. However, the apparatus is so timed that during the resetting operation the cam l'i i opens its contact MA and frees the conductor 12% and contact segments as 46 or ground so that the carry-over relays as H2 and H3 willnot be energized in the course of the resetting operation.

The reset shafts RSD, RSE and RSF of the accumulators D, E and F, respectively, are driven by a reset motor RM, Fig. 10. Each reset shaft as RSD is driven through the medium of a friction clutch lBB during resetting operations. The shaft BS!) is provided with a cam 39' having a notch therein which cooperates with a latch 38' so that normally the reset shaft RSD is held against movement while the friction clutch I36 slips. A magnet MD is provided for momentarily withdrawing the latch 38' from engagement with the cam 39' when the accumulator D is to be reset and when the cam 39' is so released the shaft BSD is driven through the medium of the friction clutch Hit? by the motor RM for one complete rotation and meanwhile the magnet MD is deenergized wherefore the latch 38 drops back into engagement with the periphery of cam 39 so that when the shaft RSD completes its cycle, the latch 38 drops back into the notch in the cam 39 and restrains the shaft against further movement.

The reset shafts as RSE and RSF of the accumulators E and F are driven by the motor RM through intermediate gears as till. Each such shaft is provided with a friction clutch such as I36 and a latchin arrangement as 3ii'--3i' controlled by a reset magnet as MD. Each magnet as MD is connected by a conductor as M5 to one of the contacts as 66A of the control cam 66, Fig. 2. Thus cam contact 65A is connected to the reset magnet for the accumulator D. contact 663 is connected to the reset magnet for the accumulator E and contact BBC is connected to the reset magnet for the accumulator F, The control cam 66 is provided with a lobe for successively closing these contacts to thereby reset the accumulators D. E and F at the proper times.

inverting devices-Figs. 13 and 14 storage group A are entered into the accumulator D additively, but the dividend amount stored in the third set of relays in group A is to be subtracted from the sum of the premium and interest amounts or from the premium amount where there is no interest charge. Preferably, the subtractive entry of the dividend is performed by the method of complemental addition; that is, the units digit is, in effect, subtracted from and the difference is entered in the units readout, while the tens and higher order digits are each,

, in efiect, subtracted from 9 and these diiferences then entered in the corresponding readouts.

Thus assume that the original amount standing on the accumulator D is 723 and the amount to be subtracted therefrom is 154. The complement of the digit 4 in the units order with respect to 10 is 6, that of the digit 5 in tens order with respect to 9 is 4, and that of the digit 1 in the hundreds order with respect to 9 is 8. Thus the complemental of 154 is 846, and this amount, when added to 723, will cause the accumulator to be set to display 569, the difference that is ascertained when 154 is subtracted from 723. The foregoing result is realized since the accu mulator D has a capacity of only three orders and while the sum of 723 plus 846 is 1569, since there is no thousands order readout, the digit 1 in the thousands order of the result will not be registered, leaving only the amount 569 standing on the readouts of the accumulator. The result of 723 minus 154, or 569, is so obtained by resort to complemental addition.

If ordinary notation were employed in storing the entries to be made into the accumulator D, that is to say, if there were nine storage relays pertaining to the digit 1 to 9 in each bank of each set, it would be a relatively simple problem to convert such stored entry into its complement, for example, by means of a simple plugboard arrangement, before entering same into the accumulator D. However, the use of code requires that special inverting devices as VA and VA, Figs. 1, 13 and 14, be employed. The inverting device VA for the accumulator D converts the code representation of the units digits of the dividend amount into its code complement with respect to the quantity 10 before entering same into the units order readout RD of the accumulator D. The device VA is schematically represented in Fig. 13. Other inverting devices VA, Fig. 14, similar to the devices VA, are provided for the tens and higher orders of the accumulator D but these latter inverting devices function to convert the digits in the tens and higher orders of the dividend amount into their complements with respect to the digit 9.

Referring to Fig. 13, (ten-complement inverting device) the terminals VAI, VA2, VA4, VAS and VA8 are respectively connected to contacts as I10 and I of the corresponding storage relays as Il and 18 in the third set of the storage group A. I'he terminals VAI, VAZ', VA4', VAB and VA8' on the opposite side of the devices VA are respectively connected to corresponding contacts of the shift relay 9, and are respectively connected to conductors Al, A2, A4, A6 and A8 leading to the corresponding magnets of the permutation members D4, D2, Dd, D6 and D8 in the units order of the accumulator D, when said shift relay 9 is energized. When certain of the terminals VAl. VA2, VAQ, VAB and VAB have been selected in accordance with the value or a digit for which the complement is to be obtained, the device VA, through the medium of relays K86 to I40 included therein. selects certain of the terminals VAI', VA2', VA4. VAG'. and VAB' in accordance with the value of the complemental digit. For example, assuming that the storage relays I1 and I8 have been locked up to represent the digit 3, when shift relay 5 closes its contact 9A, it extends ground through the conductor SK, and contacts I1C and IE0 of the storage relay I1 and ill to the terminals VAI and VAZ to thereby indicate that the digit for which the complement is to be obtained is 3. In a manner to be explained presently, this results in the extension of ground to the terminals WM and VAB' on the opposite side of the device VA, and thence through corre sponding contacts of the shift relay 9 to the conductors AI and A6 leading to the magnets of permutation members DI and D8 in the units order of the accumulator D and this results in the entry of a digital value of '7 into the units readout RD. Hence the grounding of the terminals VAI and VAZ of the device VA from the contacts IIC and IE0 oi the storage relays I1 and it. this being representative of the digit 3 in the units order of the dividend amount. is effective to cause the digit '1. or the complement of 3 with respect to 10. to be entered in the readout RD when shift relay 8 is energized. Examples of the operation of the device VA are as follows:

When terminal VAI alone is grounded to represent the digit 1. the relay I38 is energized. This relay clcses its contact ISEA and opens its contacts i358 and I366. Closure of contact IEGA extends ground to the terminal VAI correspondin: to the digit 1. The terminals VA2, VA4, VAS

and JAE; are respectively connected to the wind- IIT ings of the relays Iiil. I38. I39 and I40 included in the device VA. but inasmuch as these latter terminals are not grounded in the present instance. th relays I3? to I40 are deenergized at this time. Relay MD extends ground from its contact I403 through th now closed contacts IESID of relay I39. I3BC of relay I38. and I31D of relay I31 to a conductor I4I leading to the terminal VA8 representative of the digit 8. Thus when terminal VAI alone is grounded, terminals VAI' and VAB are both grounded, thereby signilying that the complement of the digit 1 with resweet to 10 is 9.

When terminal VAH alone is grounded to represent the digit 2. the relay I31 is energized.

Contact I3'IA of this relay closes and extends ground from the now closed contact I363 of relay I35 for the conductor I4I and thence to the terminal VAB'. Opening of contacts INC and I311) of relay I31 prevents ground from being extended from the contacts I4UB and IMC of relay I to the contact I36C of relay I36 or to the conductor I4i. Inasmuch as conductor I4I had already been grounded upon closure of contact I31A, however. opening of contact I31D is without effect in the present instance. Closure of contact I31B is without effect since contact ISGA of relay I36 is now open. Therefore. when terminal VA? alone is grounded. the terminal VA8' is the only terminal grounded on the other side thereof thereby indicating that the complement of the digit 2 with respect to 10 is 8.

When terminals VAI and VA2 are both grounded to represent the digit 3. the relays i135 and I31 bot-h energize. Contact I36A of relay I36 closes and grounds the terminal VAI'. also extending ground through closed contact I31B of relay I31 to the terminal VAB'. Thus when terminals VAI and VAFI are grounded, terminals VAI' and VAB' are both grounded thereby denot- Ill ing that the complement of the digit 3 with respect to 10 is 7. Grounding of the various terminals VAI, VA2, VA4, VAG and VAB, either singly or in combination in accordance with the code shown in Fig. 7A results in the grounding of the terminals VAI, VAZ', VA4', VAG. VAB' in accordance with the code representations of the complements with respect to 10 of the digits to be entered subtractively in the units order of the accumulator D. If a zero is to be entered. subtractively. none of the relays I36 to I40 are energized and ground is extended from contacts I4IJB and I4OC of relay I40 through contacts I39D and I39C of relay I39, contacts I38C and I38D of relay I38 to contacts I31D and I31C of relay I31. Contact I31D extends ground to terminal VAB'. Contact I31C extends ground to contact I360 of relay I36 and thence to terminal VA2'. It will be apparent, therefore, that the complement of 0 with respect to 10 is 10 for, in complemental addition to eilect subtraction. the effect of subtraction from 10 to obtain the complement, is essential. Thus the extension of ground to terminals VAT and VA8' is, in effect, the result of the subtraction of 0 from 10. for in this instance the complement amount is to be 10. When entry of such a complement amount is effected into the units readout RD of the accumulator D. a carryover into the tens order will always result. Thus if the subtrahend is 150 and the minuend is 723. the quantity 150 will be converted into the quantity 840 plus a carry of one into the tens order. 840 added to 723 gives 563 (assuming there is no thousands order readout), plus a carry of one into the tens order equals 573. the latter being the difference between 123 and 150.

inverting devices as VA shown in Fig. 14 are utilized in effecting complemental entries into the tens and higher orders of the accumulator D. The terminals I42, I43, I44, I and I46. respectively. correspond to the terminals VAI. VA2, VA4, VAB and VAB of the inverting device VA in the units order while the terminals I41, I48. I49, I56 and I5I. respectively, correspond to terminals VAI', VA2'. VA4', VAG', VAS of the device VA. An example of the operation of the device VA would be where the terminals I42 and I45 are grounded to represent the digit 7. This causes relays I52 and I to become energized. Relay I52 energizing opens its contact I52A and prevents ground from being applied on the terminal I41. Relay I55 closes its contact I55A to apply ground on the terminal I48 and opens its contact I55B to break the circuit commencing with ground at the contact I56A of the relay I56. Thus grounding of the terminals I42 and I45 to represent the digit '1 results in grounding of terminal I48 to represent the digit 2, which is the complement of 7 with respect to 9. If a zero is to be entered. none of the relays I52 to I56 is energized. Contact I52A of relay I52 grounds the terminal I41. Ground is likewise extended from contact I56A of relay I56 through contact I55B of relay I55. contact I54B of relay I54. and I53l3 of relay I53 to the terminal I5I. Thus if none of the terminals I42 to I48 are grounded indicating 0. the terminals I41 and I5I are grounded to represent the digit 9. the complement of O with respect to 9.

When the dividend amount is zero, the inverter VA causes an entry of 10 to be effected into the lowest order of the accumulator, and the inve ters VA cause entries of 9 to be made in all higher orders. As a result of this. carrie are successively effected from order to order so that.

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