US2353955A - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

l `uly 18, 1944. F EDWARDS 2,353,955

CRUSHING MACHINE Filed Nov. 25, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet l July 18, 1944. F. H. EDWARDS n CRUSHING MACHINE Filed Nov. 25, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 f f en ,m WH, /M H 5 e H Y if July 18,1944. F, H EDWARDS. 7 2,353,955'

' CRUsHING MACHINE Filed Nov. 25, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 ,-10 x C 1L Z9 n Il Patented July 18, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT or-FICE 2,353,955 cRUsHING MACHINE kFrederick H. Edwards, Meriden, Conn. Application November 25, 1942, Serial'No. 466,840 y 3 Claims.

This invention relates to an improvement in crushing or breaking machines for crushing or breaking stones, ores, or other hard substances.

One object of the invention is to provide a breaker having a fixed anvil and a hammer so suspended that it moves in a substantially horizontal plane making it possible to have a discharge-opening double the width of the feedopening.

Another object is to mount the hammer so that its movement will be substantially the same at the feedand discharge-openings.

Another object is the i'lner control of the finished product by short movement of the' hammer and the use of less power.

Another object is to provide for the yielding of the hammer, in the event that a piece of tramp iron, steel or other material harder than the material for which the machine is adjusted to crush should be lodged in the crushing-chamber, and also to provide means for easily removing the tramp iron without dismantling the machine.

With the above and other objects in view, as will appear to those skilled in the vart from the present disclosure. this invention includes all features in the said disclosure which are novel over the prior art.

In the accompanying drawings, in which certain modes of carrying out thepresent invention are shown for illustrative purposes:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a crushing machine em- Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional View on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional View on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 5 6 of Fg.3;

Fig. 7 is a sectional View on the line 'll-'I of Fig. 3;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the' hammer detached; and

Fig. 9 is a face View of the anvil.

In carrying out my invention I employ an anvil I suspended on a shaft I I mounted in the frame I2 and held against rearward movement by screws I3 I4, and by which the position of the anvil may be adjusted. The lower end I of the anvil l0 is widened corresponding to the lower side walls of the frame Which are also flared, and the Yfalce I6 which is curved is provided with a plate I1 of suitable material.

The hammer, which comprises a head I8a, rearwardly-extending side-walls I8 and may have a facing 18h, is suspended adjacent the upper portion of the head' I8 upon a shaft I3 extending through a bushing 20 which is supported by the lower ends of short links '2l extending downward between the side-walls I8. The upper ends of the said links are hung upon a shaft 22 extending through a bushing 23, the ends of the said shaft being supported between lower and upper bearing-blocks 24 24 and 25 25 respectively located in notches 26 in the side-s of the frame I2 forming guideways for the said Vbearing-blocks and permitting vthem to be moved vertically. The lower bearing-blocks 24 24 are respectively formed with studs '21 extending into springs v28 which have a bearing on brackets 29 formed on the outer faces of the sides of the frame. The upper bearing-blocks 25 are also respectiveiy formed with upwardly-extending studs 30 which extend into ksprings 3I which have a bearing against a bar 32 which, in turn, is held against upward movement 'by the adjacent ends 33 of levers 3'4, 35 pivoted on ears 36 extending upward above the frame. The respective opposite ends of the levers 34, 35 are provided with screws 3'I which serve to adjust Athe tension of the springs 28 and 3I before referred to.

The hammer is also supported on opposite sides by long links 38; 39, arranged between the side- Walls I8 of the hammer. .The upper ends of the vsaid links are mounted on a` shaft 43 extending through a bushing 4I and having its ends mounted in the side Walls 42;'43-of the frame I2. The lower ends of the links 38, 39 which are at the rear of and substantially parallel with the short links 2| and are connected to the hammer by a shaft 44 having its opposite ends mounted in the sidewalls I8 of. the hammer at a point below and to the right of the shaft I9 previously referred to, as clearly shown in Fig. 3.

A cam-shaft 45 is kmounted in the frame and vhas an eccentric cam 46 which supports a connecting-rod 41. The cam-shaft 45 may be drivenV by power derived `from any suitable source and applied to the cam-shaft in any suitable marmer, as for instance through. drive-wheels 43 or 449v fixed to the cam-shaft 45. y

Coupled to the dependingfree, end of the connecting-rod 41 by a pin 5U are the inner ends of toggle-links 5I, 52. The outer ends of the toggle'-l links 5I are anchored to the frame I2 by an anchor-pin 53, and the outer ends of` thellinks 52 are connected to the hammer by a couplingpin 54 so that an upward or downward movement of the connecting-rod 4`| will similarly move the inner ends of the toggle-links 5| and 52 for the purpose as will later appear.

The space between the side-walls of the hammer head |8a and facing |8b and anvil l0 forms a crushing-chamber 55 to which material to be crushed or broken may be fed through a hopper 56 and discharged Afrom'fhe said crushing-chamber through a slot,A 51'in the bottom of the frame I2. It will be noted that the lower ends of the anvil l0 and side-walls of the hammer head |8a and facing |8b are laterally flared and conform to the side walls 42--43 of the frame |`2.l VBY flaring the discharge-end of the crushingcham ber 55, clogging of the lower portion of the said crushing-chamber is avoided. The mechanism may be enclosed by a casing 58.

As the cam-shaft 45 is revolved, the connecting-rod 41 will be raised and lowered. As shown in Fig. 3, the said connecting-rod is in its lowermost position so that the hammer is retired from the anvil. As the connecting-rod 41 is raised, the toggle-link 52 will be moved forward so as to force the hammer toward the anvil I0 on a substantially horizontal plane, and further upward movement of the connecting-rodwill withdraw or retire the hammer, then, on the downward movement of the connecting-rodthe hammer will again be forced toward the anvil; thus, two blows of the hammer are made during each revolution of the cam-shaft 45.

In the event of a piece of tramp iron entering the crushing-chamber 55 and becoming lodgedl in the upper portion thereof, the forward movement of the upper portion of the hammer will be arrested and the pressure upon the hammer will cause it to rock slightly and compress the springs 3|. On the other hand, if the piece of tramp iron should lodge below the -central line of thrust, it will compress the springs 28. The tension of the springs is relatively light and has no effect on the hammer except in the case of the tramp iron entering the crushing-chamber. I

' The suspension of the hammer is such that its movement in a substantially-horizontal plane makes it possible to have the discharge-end of the crushing-chamber flared. The movement of the hammer is the sameat the feedand discharge-openings. The hammer requires no springs to "accomplish its normal movement forward or reverse, because of -its positive link-connections to the connecting-rod 4l and anchorpin 53. Y

Because of this link-connection, the crushing pressure on the pins and bearings is not constant, thereby permitting lubrication to all wearing parts at all times.

Because of the equal action of the hammer at the feed-` and discharge-openings, the throw or movement of the hammer is reduced to aminimum at all points of its breaking or crushing surface, therefore, its breaking action on material being equal at all' points on its face .makes it a most effective breaker. Y l

By holding the movement of the hammer'to a minimum required to break material, closer control of the product is achieved,`whether for fine or coarse breakage of material. This naturally means that much waste is eliminated in the product produced, as well as in the eiliciency in power requirements.

The methodof adjustingithe discharge-open-l ing is simple and most accessible, as the anvil chancial function of safety release.

is suspended at its upper end by a shaft or pin, permitting removal of the anvil for repairs or change of wearing plates. And should any tramp iron 0r steel enter the crushing-chamber, such tramp iron or steel may be readily removed without the necessity of cutting torches or other dicult methods.

Because of the unusual release provided for the short links 2|, the hammer is effective as a breaker for any material for which it is designed. The presence of any material suchas tramp iron or steel will cause the release to become effective on any pressure in excess of desired requirements.

The curved surfaces of the hammer face and anvil are such as to permit the proper me- The curves conforming with pivotal points of the hammer suspension-links transfer mechanical action when 'unusual material, such as tramp iron or steel, comes in contact with their surfaces at any point between feed and discharge-openings. In addition, when tramp iron enters between the hammer face and anvil surfaces, the breaker will cease to function, but the link motion will continue in operation without damage to the machine.

The power may be turned off when it is observed that tramp iron or steel has entered and that regular material is no longer passing through the discharge-opening. The adjusting-screws at the back of the anvil may then be used to release the iron or steel. Y I

Such action is made possible because of th short but effective stroke of the hammer and its component moving parts, together with the novel action of the release provided. The arrangement of the spring-release is at right angles to the pressure acting on the hammer in a horizontal plane, and because of its compound action the springs provided for this release are reduced to a minimum tension. This compound leverage, with its angular application, is not used in any other machine.

Because of the machines design, it is possible to keep all moving parts subject to wear quite free from dust, permitting the use of a force-feed oil system throughout.

Because the hammer has a reciprocating action, it is positive and without the use of springs, permits higher speeds and gives greaterl capacity of uniform cubical product. This machine may be used equally effectively as a primary or reduction breaker.

I claim:

1. A crusher comprising a frame, an anvil mounted therein, a hammer having a face and rearwardly-extending side-walls, said hammer suspended in the frame by short links suspended upon a shaft, said shaft being supported between upper and lower vertically-movable spring-controlled bearing-blocks, said short links extending downward between the side-walls of the hammer and connected thereto, said hammer also sus- 1 pended in the frame at the lower ends of long suspended in the frame by short links suspended upon a shaft, said shaft being supported between upper and lower vertically-movable spring-controlled bearing-blocks, said short links extending downward between the side-walls of the hammer and connected thereto, said hammer also sus; pended in the frame at the lower ends of long links which are mounted upon a shaft supported in the frame at the rear of the short links and extending downward between the side-walls of the hammer and substantially parallel with the suspended in the frame by substantially-parallel short and long vertically-extending links connected to the fra-me at substantially the same elevation, the lower ends of the short link connected to the side-walls o the hammer adjacent the top of the hammer and side-walls, the lower ends of the long link connected to the side-walls of the hammer adjacent the bottom of the hammer and side-walls, and means including subshort links, and means including toggle-links for 10 stantially horizontally extending toggle -links moving the said hammer toward and away from said anvil.

3. A Crusher comprising a, frame, an anvil mounted therein, a hammer having a face and rearwardly-extending side-walls, said hammer l5 connected to the hammer between the side-Walls thereof at a point rearwardly of the said short and long links for moving the said hammer toward and away from the said anvil.

FREDERICK H. EDWARDS.

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