US2348760A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

May 16, 1944. B. 1. .1. STAMM OIL BURNER Filed June 3, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 16, 1944. B. J. sTAMM OIL BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 3, 1941 Patented May 16, 1944 srarss PATENT orrica 6 Claims.

This invention relates to an oil burner and it is one object of the invention to provide an oil burner of such construction that oil delivered into a cup will be quickly converted into a vapor which mixes with air to form a combustible mixture, the combustible mixture being so controlled that it will be spread as it moves upwardly through and out of a combustion chamber and, when ignited, form a flame which surrounds and substantially encloses the spreading means.

Another object of the invention is to provide the oil burner with a. fuel cup of such formation that it has a thick lower portion capable of being highly heated and very effectively converting liquid fuel into a vapor, the liquid fuel being delivered into an annular pocket formed in the thickened bottom of the cup andwherein is disposed a coiled wire serving very effectively to break up heavy oil and cause it to quickly volatilize.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for mounting the cup within the casing and holding the cup and perforated cylinders in proper relation to each other to form a combustion chamber having perforated inner and outer walls through which air may pass to mix with the vaporized fuel and form a combustible mixture.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved spreader mounted in a socket located centrally of the cup, the spreader being removable from the socket and formed with channels constituting passages through which air may pass.

Another object of the invention is to provide the oil burner with improved mounting rings for the cup and the perforated sleeves, the rings being so secured that an upper ring which centers the outer sleeve may be detached and the sleeves removed for cleaning .or replacement when necessary without disturbing the cup which is supported by hanger-bolts carried by a lower ring to which the upper ring is secured.

With these and numerous other objects in view, my invention consists in the novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter referred to and more particularly pointed out in the specification and claims.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein- Figure 1 is a top plan view of the oil burner.

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken longitudinally through the burner along the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken transversely through the burner along the line 34 of Figs ure Figure 4 is a sectional view taken horizontally along the line H of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 6-6 of Figure 1.

Figure 'l is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 1-1 of Figure 1.

Figure 8 is a view taken along the line 8-8 of Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a view looking down upon a modifled form of spreader.

This improved oil burner has an elongated casing I formed of metal and having end walls 2 and 3 which are formed with inwardly extending flanges-4 and 5 to which the bottom and the side walls of the casiri'g are secured by screws 6. The top wall I is formed separate from the body portion of the casing and this top wall is also secured by screws in order that it may be removed when necessary. An opening 8 is formed in the end wall 2 to serve as an air inlet and about this opening is secured a blower 9 which is of conventional construction and driven by a motor It) so that air may be forced through the opening 8 and into the casing. If air under pressure is not desired the blower may be omitted. A smaller opening II is formed through the end wall 2 in spaced relation to one side of the opening 8 and through this opening passes a fuel pipe i2 which is equipped with avalve l3 for controlling flow of oil or other liquid fuel from a source of supply to which the portion ll of the supply pipe extends. An opening i formed through the top wall 1 adjacent the end of the casing closed by the end wall 3 and this opening is surrounded by a ring or collar l5 constituting a support for ring IS. The upper ring I6 is removably secured upon the lower ring or collar If by bolts H, and referring to Figures '7 and 8, it will be seen that the bolts ll pass through recesses l8 formed in the lower ring, the nuts of the bolts engaging under the lower ring when the bolts are tightened and firmly holding the upper ring in place. Since the recesses are of appreciably greater depth than' the diameter of the bolts. it is possible to set the upper ring in place and engage the bolts through the recesses prior to tightening the bolts. Before the upper ring is set in place longer bolts 19 are passeddownwardly through openings in the lower ring with their heads countersunk as shown in Figure 6. Since the bolts I 9 have their heads countersunk they will not interfere with close fit between the rings and the upper ring may rest flat upon the lower ring as shown in Figures 3 and 6. p f

The bolts l9 serve as supports or hangers for a cup 23 which is preferably formed of cast metal and has a 'thick bottom 2| having 8. depending neck 22 formed integral therewith. Ears 23 project from the bottom of the cup to receive the bolts or hangers l9 and when the nuts 24 of these bolts are applied and tightened, the cup will be firmly held in place. A tubular socket 25 is formed integral with the bottom of the cup concentric thereto and this socket has an air inlet opening 26 formed with an enlarged lower portion or throat 21. An annular flange or bead 28 projects upwardly from the bottom of the cup about a well 29 surrounding the socket 25 and about this flange fits the lower end of a perforated sleeve 30 which has its upper end fitting snugly about a depending annular flange 3| carried by the upper ring l6 and surrounding the opening 32 of the ring. This opening tapers upwardly and constitutes an outlet throat for a combustion chamber having the sleeve 30 serving as its outer wall. The inner wall of the combustion chamber consists of an inner perforated sleeve 35 which is disposed aboutthe socket 25 with its lower end fitting snugly about the outstanding shoulder 36. The bottom of the well 29 is formed with an annular channel 3'! and an opening is formed through the bottom of the cup to receive the inner end of the pipe I 2 as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 4 and shown in Figure 10 so that oil may flow from the feed pipe into the channel. An annular wire coil 38 fits snugly within the channel 31 and serves to break up heavy oil and thus.assist volatilizatlon of the oil. When light oil is used as fuel this coil may be omitted.

When the burner is in use a quantity of oil is allowed toflow into the channel and the well and lighted so that it will burn and cause preliminary heating of the cup, flow of oil being cut off during this preliminary heating. The valve 13 is then again opened and as the oil flows through pipe l2 and into the oil channel, it will be transformed into a vapor which mixes with air in the combustion chamber and forms a combustible mixture. The air enters the casing I through its inlet opening 8 and the incoming air is deflected downwardly by a bailie plate 39 which extends transversely in the casing and is secured to the top wall of the casing by bolts 40 which pass through the attaching flange 4| of'the baflle. This air is preheated as it flows through the casing beneath and around the cup 20 and a portion of the air flows through the air passage 26 and upwardly through the socket 25 about the shank 42 of a, flame spreader 43. The flame spreader may be circular in cross section, as shown in Figure 1, oval asshown in Figure 9, or any other desired shape. Grooves or channels M are formed along sides of the spreader by ribs extending longitudinally thereof and the air flowing upwardly through the socket follows these channels and a portion passes through the perforated inner sleeve 35 and into the combustion chamber. The fact that the air is preheated aids in the formation of a good combustible mixture and in addition, carbonizaticn is prevented when the burner is in use. Preheated air also flows upwardly about the cup and over the upper edge of its walls to the outer sleeve and this preheated air enters the combustion chamber through the perforations of the outer sleeve. It will thus be seen that an ample flow of air into the combustion chamber will be .provided. The combustible mixture formed by the mixture of vaporized fuel and air is ignited and burns as a blue flame which surrounds the spreader and comes together over the spreader to form a substantially ball-shaped flame which is very hot and is free from soot. When the sleeves need cleaning, or replacement thereof isn c sary, the spreader is lifted out of place, the bolts ll loosened so that the upper ring l8 may be removed, and the sleeves lifted from the cup. By removing the screws 6 the entire cup and elements associated therewith may be removed with the top wall and repairs or replacements made before reassembling the burner.

From the foregoing description of the construction of my improved oil burner, the operation thereof will be readily understood and it will be seen that I have provided a comparatively simple, inexpensive and eflicient means for carrying out the various objects of the invention. While I have particularly described the elements best adapted to perform the function set forth, it will be understood that various changes in form, proportion and in the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the principles of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is:

1. In an oil burner, a casing constituting an air' chamber, a top wall for the casing formed with an opening, a ring removably mounted about the opening and overhanging marginal portions of the opening, a cup in the casing under the opening in the top wall, hangers engaging the cup to support the cup, a socket at the center of the cup having an air inlet through the bottom of the cup, the bottom of the cup being formed with a well about the socket and a channel in th bottom of the well, a fuel pipe entering said casing, said cup being formed with a side inlet having the inner end of the fuel pipe engaged therein for delivery of fuel into the channel, an outer perforated sleeve extending vertically in the cup with its lower end surrounding the well and its upper end surrounding the opening of the ring, an inner perforated sleeve in the well surrounding said socket and together with the outer sleeve providing a combustion chamber having the well at its bottom, and a flame spreader disposed vertically and having a shank mounted in the socket and an upper portion proectmg upwardly through the ring, said spreader having channels along its sides whereby air may flow upwardly through the socket about the shank and enter the combustion chamber through the perforated inner sleeve.

2. In an oil burner, a casing constituting an air chamber and formed with an air inlet, a top wall for the casing formed with an opening, an

upstanding collar surrounding the opening and formed with recesses leading from its inner periphery, a ring resting upon said collar, bolts passing through the ring and extending downwardly therefrom through the recesses in the collar with nuts of the bolts engaged under the collar to detachably hold the ring in place upon the collar, a cup, other bolts carried by said collar and extending downwardly therefrom with their lower portions engaging the cup to support the cup within the casin with the upper end of the cup spaced downwardly from the top wall of the casing and surrounding the opening formed therein, a socket in said cup located centrally of the cup and having an air inlet at its bottom, the cup having its bottom formed with an annular well surrounding the socket and a concentric fuel channel at the bottom of the well, inner and outer perforated sleeves in said cup located about inner and outer walls of the well and de fining a combustion chamber having the well and the fuel channel at its bottom, and a spreader tapered downwardly and disposed vertically and extending through the center opening of the ring vertically and axially of the ring with its upper portion flared outwardly above the ring and its lower portion surrounded by the inner sleeve and seated in the socket.

3. In an oil burner, a casing constituting an air chamber and provided with an air inlet, a top wall for the casing formed with an opening, a cup mounted in the casing under the opening and having a bottom and an upstanding peripheral wall, a tubular socket disposed vertically at the center of the bottom and having an air inlet through the bottom of the cup, the bottom being formed with an annular fuel channel surrounding the socket, inner and outer perforated sleeves in the cup surrounding the socket in spaced relation to each other with the fuel channel located between the sleeves, said sleeves constituting inner and outer walls for a combustion chamber having the fuel channel at its bottom, and a spreader disposed vertically through the opening in the top wall of the casing with its lower end fitting into the socket, said spreader having its upper portion disposed above the top wall and flaring outwardly towards its upper end.

4. In an oil burner, a casing constituting an air chamber and provided .with an air inlet, a top wall for the casing formed with an opening, a cup mounted in the casing under the opening and having a bottom and an upstanding peripheral wall, a tubular socket disposed vertically at the center of the bottom and having an air inlet through the bottom of the cup, the bottom being of appreciable thickness and having 9. depending central portion, the upper face of the bottom being formed with an annular well surrounding the socket and an annular fuel channel in the bottom of the well, th thickened bottom of the cup being formed with a fuel inlet communicating with the fuel channel, a ring of helically wound wire in the fuel channel for breaking up fuel in the channel, perforated sleeves in the cup spaced from each other and constituting inner and outer walls for a combustion chamber having the well at its bottom, and a spreader disposed vertically with its lower end fitting into the socket and its upper portion projecting upwardly through theopening in the top wall of the casing.

5. In an oil burner, a casing constituting an air chamber and provided with an air inlet, a top wall for the casing formed with an opening, a cup mounted in the casing under, the opening and having a bottom and an upstanding peripheral wall, a tubular socket disposed vertically at the center of the bottom and having an air inlet through the bottom of the cup, the bottom being of appreciable thickness and having a depending central portion, the upper face of the bottom being formed with an annular well surrounding the socket and an annular fuel channel in the bottom of the well, an upstanding flange surrounding the outer periphery of the well, the socket being formed about its bottom with an annular shoulder bordering the inner periphery of the fuel channel, an inner perforated sleeve surrounding the socket with its inner end fitting snugly about the shoulder, an outer perforated sleeve coaxial with the inner sleeve having its lower end fitting about the upstanding flange, and a spreader extending vertically through the opening in the top wall, the spreader being tapered downwardly and having its lower end fitting within the socket, the spreader being formed with longitudinally extending channels constituting air passages.

, 6. In an oil burner, a cup having a bottom and an upstanding peripheral wall, the bottom being formed with a vertical air inlet passage at its center and an annular fuel well in the upper face surrounding the air inlet and spaced from the peripheral wall of the cup, said well being deepened for a portion of its width to form an annular channel of less width than the well, inner and outer sleeves in said cup defining an annular combustion chamber having the fuel well at its bottom, the bottom of said cup being provided with a fuel inlet communicating with said channel, and a ring for breaking up fuel in the channel formed of helically wound wire and fltting smoothly within said channel, said ring being of a diameter substantially corresponding to the width and the depth of the channel and frictionally engaging side walls thereof to flrmly but removably hold the ring in place,

BENJAMIN I. J. lemma,

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