US2340994A - Regulating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 8, 1944. w. H. sMn-H REGULATING APPARATUS Filed May 2o, 1942 WITNESSES:

ATTORN man ser. s, 1944 ,e 2,340,994

' UNITEDV STATES Plxrlazlv'r oFFlcs REGULATING APPARATUS Walter H. Smith, Wilkinsburg, Pa., assgn'or to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing -Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a. corporation of Pennsylvania y. i

Application May zo, 1942, semina. 4113.689 f f7 claims. (ci. 1v1-229) f This invention relates to regulating apparatus connected through an operating switch 20 to a for constant speed engines, and particularly to motor 22. The neld winding I8 of the generator regulating apparatus lor preventing overloading l IIjis electrically. connectedthrough a suitable of constant speed engines. f adjustable resistor l2-to` the armature 26 of an In Diesel electric locomotives, itis necessary v5f exciterfgenerator28:1which is also driven by the to provide for load regulation to prevent over- Diesel-engine." Theexcitergenerator 28 also has loading of the Diesel engine. Many types of load y a field'winding 30 connected through a series'conregulating apparatus have been provided heretoynected. pressure responsivey pile resistor 32 and an fore but they have had certain disadvantages; "adjustable'fieldlrheostatl34 to be energized froma The different types 0f known loadregulatlngfap- 10 "suitableisourceof power, such -as the battery 36. paratus are complicated and have'larg'amoving j The pile'resistor 32 :and the operating mechanism parts thereby necessitating more Aspacewfoi" 'a better shown invFig. 1. mounting the regulating apparatus and` greatly sistor 32 maybe of any ofthe well adding to the cost of the installation-lV '.-Anothery din this embodiment is illustrated disadvantage of the known typesxo `regulators stack of discs 38 slidablymountis that hunting is encountered 'whereby .the-.'.cerrl ulated rod 40 between pressure discs trol is not sufliciently sensitive to meetV given- 42-and 44, thev 'assembly beingv mounted between conditions. 1 .f l support members and 48.*. Although only one An object of this invention is' to provide for` stack of discsv'38j'svisible in the drawing, usually operating constant speed engines at substantially 2o two or'more istafcksfconnected in Vseries circuit maximum capacity without v overloading and relation are utilized and are so mounted onv insustalling them.

Another object, of this invention is to provide ized Vpressure can',` be ,applied A.simultaneously to anti-hunting regulating apparatus for constant leachfstack.` :The ends of the rod 40 of Aeach of speed engines to maintain the operation of such'izs the stacks .ar'eslidab'ly mounted inthe support engines at substantially maximum capacity'withmemberslli ,and'S, 'a' spring member 50 being out overloading and stalling them. Y provideclifor" normally .biasing the rod 40 away Other objects of the invention will become apfromA the yfixed stop` 4,8. at the Aother end of the parent from the following description when taken steels..v 1 Y l in conjunction with the accompanying drawing,r :i0Y @Ap s'sure applying lefver 52 vis pivotally carried in which: l :by anan'chor stud v54 which is secured to a lug 56 Figure l isa view in elevation and pattlyin :carried by thefsupportv member 46. A pressure section of control apparatus employed in this inspring 5811's positioned between the lug 56 and the vention; A Y lever 52-forl normally biasing the lever 52-to apply Fig. 2 is a view in elevation andpartly in sec- 3.3 pressure-to the'cross bar 6l) where more than one tion of another embodiment of part of the constack is employed; or directly to the endv cap of trol apparatus employed in this invention; and the pressure disc 42 to compress the stack oi Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the regulating apdiscs.v Pile resistors of this general type aredisparatus of this invention. closed and claimed in my Patent No. 2,276,069,

Referring to Fig. 3 of the drawing, a preferred '40 issued March 10, 1942. and assigned to the asembodiment of the regulating apparatusis illus- Signee ofthis invention. traten' applied to a Diesel engine In. TheDiesel In order 'to release the pressure on the stack engine Ill is'of the usual type having hand or of discs 38, a control valve member 62, an auxilpower operated throttles (not shown) for coniary control valve member 64 anda power piston trolling' the operation of the engine and a hyi5 member 66are yprovided for so cooperating in draulic speed governor l2 for` preventing over- IGSDOHSB t0' a deCIeaSe in the Speed 0f the Engine loading of the engine, as will be explained more Il)l as't'o apply an intermittent Change 0f pressure fully hereinafter. The details of the hydraulic tothe vend of the'level 52 in ODDOSOH t0 the governor I2 are not illustratedas they are well pressure of the spring 58. p v known, the casing of such hydraulic governors 5o The control valve member 62 is disposed to be including a pump for supplying lubricant under mounted on the casing of the hydraulic governor pressure to a point in the 'system' where required. l2fand comprises a sleeve member 68 having a A generator i4 provided with `an armature piston valve member 'Ill slidably disposed therein.

winding I6 and a field winding i8 is driven by the The piston valve member l0 is formed of the Diesel engine l0. The armature windings I6 are 55 valve 12 intermediate of the closure members 'i4 late'drods 40 assciatedtherewith that an equal- I two chambers 16 and l0. The stem 82 o! 'the piston `valve member extends through an oil gland 84 at the lower end of the casing member 68 and terminates-in a position where it is disposed to be engaged by the actuating lever 86 of the hydraulic governor |2 in a predetermined manner. The upper end of the casing member 68 is closed by means of the threaded cap member 83 forming a reservoir with the end of the piston valve member 10, a spring Vmember 90 being disposed between the endscap member 88 and the upper end of the piston valve member 'I0 for normally biasing the piston valve member downwardly in the casing member. As illustrated, a passage 92 is provided extending `from the end of the piston valve member in the reservoir and terminating in the opening 94 which communicates with a drain chamber 98 provided in the lower end of the casing member. An

opening 98 is also provided inthe lpiston valve member -10 communicating `between the chamber `|8 and the passage 92 for draining the lubricant `from the chamber 16 `under predetermined conditions. An inletpassage |00'is provided in the casing member .68 land is connected to the vhydraulic governor |2 for supplying the 'lubricant to the chamber 80 underpressure. An outlet passage or port |02 is also provided in the casing member 68 for cooperating with the valve 12 for controlling the outlet of the lubricant from the control Valve-member -62 or v.the draining of the lubricant from thepower Apiston member 66 -as will be explained vmore full'yhereinafter.

The auxiliary control valve member 64 comprises the casing member |04 having a rotary valve member |06 disposed `therein with its stem |08 extending through kancil gland |0 at the lowerend thereof. `The stem member |08 of the rotary valve member |06 is disposed to .be connected either directly or through'a suitable gear chain (not shown) to the crankshaft of the-Diesel engine l0, .and is operated in accordance with the vspeed of the engine I0. As illustrated, the rotary valve member |06 has a passage |f| 2 therethrough which is rdisposed to be aligned with the ports in the casing member `|04 for a given position of the rotary valve member |06. The passage |2, however, may be of any form, depending upon `the location of the ports `in the casing member |04. In addition to being a single passage ||2 as illustrated, a plurality through the lrotary valve member |06 may be provided, depending upon the number of `desired admissions, one or more, of the lubricant through the auxiliary control valve member 64 'per revolution of the engine v|0. As illustrated, the chambers formed in vt-he casing member above and below the rotary vvalve member |06 yare connected by the pipe I4 nto the drain pipe |1||5 from the drain chamber 96 of thefcontrol valve 62.

The power piston valve lmember 66 comprises the casing `member ||8 having a sliding `power piston disposed therein with its piston rod v|22extending through vthe oil gland |24 to a `position where it abuts the lever 52 to actuate it under predetermined conditions. The other end of the casing member ||8 is connected by the pipe `|"2-6 to the outlet `port of the auxiliary control valve 64. As there 'is some |28 provides for returning the lubricant from the leakage of the oil about the vpiston -member |20, a pipe |28 is 0f passages f speed of the engine.

:hunting or oscillations because 9,810,994 and 19, which cooperate therewith in formingy operating mechanism to the reservoir of the engine l0.

In operation. assuming that the engine 0 is adjusted for operating at a particular given speed to drive the governor I2, and assuming that the field rheostat '34 and the pile resistor 32 have been adjusted to so energize the field winding |8 as to cause the generator |4 to generate a predetermined voltage, the switch 20 is manually operated to close the circuit from the armature `vwinding i6 to the motor 22.

If an excessive load is encountered, such as where a locomotive is pulling a grade, the demand on the generator |4 ltends to overload the engine l0 so that a decrease in the speed of the engine l0 from the speed which it is desired to maintain results. As the speed of the 'engine |0 decreases, the governor |2 functions to force the lever B6 in a counter-clockwise direction to actuate the piston valve member 10 of the con- 'trol valve 62 upwardly against the bias of the spring 90.

As the Apiston valve '|2 moves upwardly to clear `the outlet port formed by the passage |02, the lubricant is delivered under pressure from the chamber 80 to the auxiliary control valve member 64, and since the rotary valve member |06 thereof is actuated in accordance with the speed of the engine, the lubricant is delivered by the auxiliary valvemember 64 to the power piston member 66 in jets, the number and spacing oi' which dependsupon the number of angular positioning or spacing passages I2 that are provided in the rotary valve member |06 and also the For a single straight passage ||2, as illustra-ted, in the rotating valve member |06 there will be two passages of the lubricant to the power piston member 66 per revolution of the valve member 64. -Likewise with three passages there will be six admissions of the lubricant to the power piston member 66 per revolution of the valve member 64. On the other hand, if the ports of a single passage are 'at right angles or 90 from one another, then onlyone admission of the lubricant is obtained lper revolution of the valve member 64.

As the lubricant is delivered to the power piston member 66, the piston |20 is actuated to operate the lever 52 against the bias of the spring member -58 in intermittent steps to release the pressure on the stack of discs 38. The piston |20 of vthe power piston member moves in small steps depending on the number of revolutions ,of the engine crankshaft per minute, and it is evident that there will be no swings and no engine the change in the pressure on the stack of discs 38 is in small increments. This change in the pressure on the stack of discs also varies somewhat, depending upon the yspeed of the engine, for it is evident 'that the increments of movement of the power piston |20 are a maximum when the engine is operating so as to operate the control valve 62 in such a manner that the passage |02 has a f maximum communication with the chamber of the control valve member 62. Ag the speed of the engine increases so that the governor I2 operates to permit return of the piston valve member 10 to the position shown in Fig. 1, the outlet port |02 from the control valve member is gradually closed while at the same time, the speed of the rotating valve member |06 is increased to decrease the amount of lubricant which is permitted to pass through the passage ||'2 to the power piston 66.

4 2,340,994 As the. pressure is released; on the pile. resistor 32,` the resistance ofthe resistor 3.2 is increased` to effect a. decrease in theA field current.` of thelv exciter28`, and consequently, a= decreaseinz the eldicurrentof the generator `I4'. This decrease` inthe field current ofthe*y generator |`4` effectsvalve member 10 of the controlfvaive wherebyy the valve member 'l0 returns tov the position shownin'Fig. 1.

If the'engine I0'dropsbe1owffull'load; thevaivef member 'l0 of thecontrol valve drops-toapos-ition:

where the valve lllV clears. the port connect-ingy with the passage |'02 sothat the passagey IDI-'then'- oommunicateswith the chamber 18Jto deliverthe lubricant from the power piston through thepipe.'

|28 and the rotating valve` member |06.` of the auxiliary control valve B4 in-increments depending uponthe speedr of. the engine to-thechamber 18 from which it is drained through the opening;

98 and passage 92 tothe drain 'chamberV 961 of?` the control valve 62, and thence returned through- Such the pip'e- |6-to the reservoir of the engine.`

complicated-'contrer valve 621 and. thef auxiliary 4control!valvey 64"- of.:A they embodiment:illustrated` action functions to permit the spring l'toapplyan intermittent increase of pressure on .the pile resistor 32 to decrease'its resistance,.and, consequently increase the excitation ofi the generator |4 to increase the voltage generated thereby;

The same operation is obtained utilizing. the* valve illustrated in Fig, 2Lof the drawing-t In` this embodiment the control valve and. auxiliaryJ control valve Aarel combined in a single valvemem` ber|30 havingia casing member |32fand1afrotating .piston member member |34 carries a control valve |36disposed intermediate of the closure members |38: and.' |140, the closure member |38 forming a" rotatingjvalve member having: apassage |42,y eitherstrai'ght on angular,v or, if. required, moreth'a'nzone passage'- therein.. The end-oftlierod |44 ofthe-piston. member |34l extends through theoilseal |40and'f terminates adjacent the'l'ever- ,(not'shown), of" the governorto be actuatedfthereb'y. The end; oiZ the: rod |44 also carries af-suitablegearv llr'disposedi to be engaged by a gear-'drive (notgshown) andj driven'i'n aCCOrdance with the fspe'edi of the. en gine... y.

A passage |34 therein; The piston |50 is provided forl delivering: the-r auf in- Fig.. 11,.1t.-fbeing-nntedr that. asi-.the speed or the engine-increases the'y piston'- member |34? of' the valve: member |13 0". drops. to; a. position'. where the lubricant-is intermittently'- returned from' the powerrpi'stonl member through' the passage |56', rotatingf, passage |'4`2,. and passage |54 to the chamber |6 2F above. thevalve |-'3'6.-andfrom= thence f to;- the drain'- passagek |58;r This simplified-,valvemember give's'f anzeni'cient.regulation..

By' means' ot` the: regulatingV apparatus of. this invention; it'. isapparent tliata. substantially con-- stant speedl, i's-f maintainedfor' constantspeed en gi'nes` without overloading'- tl'le. engine. regardless offtliel'oad. demandonathe generator driven bythe engine.. Atall times, the powersupplied-bythe generator iis-substantially constant', the-voltage ofv the generator.y varying. in accordance with the `change in the cur-rent' demand: while the speed oi'- the' engine remains substantially constant.

Becausev o! the. apparatus employed; any .change in the loadv off the' enginey effects an immediate.

change in the excitation: ofv the generator,v such changei'nil the excitation. beingI directly: proportional to thechangeirrthe .loadf conditions, for-'as explained hereinbefor-e, the: control valvel and the auxiliary control valve cooperate to adjust the pressure-.on the pile rl'ieostat in increments whichvary in1 accordance:v with` the speedl of` the engine. This system.isvery'sensitivmitibeing found that its operation is: independent.- ot' the. temperature or. grade of thev lubricant..` employed in the. en'- gine;`

Although thisinvention. lia-'s` been described with. reference-tov a particular embodimentitheree of;y itv is;1 of. Goursm; not'v to be limited' thereto ex.- cept irsofarfas is ne'ceys'sitatedzbythe. scope of the' appended.claims;`

' withz-ana armature: winding andv aueld winding lubricant under4 pressure toithe chamber |.B4`,. an port, |52 and kpassage |54ibeing" providedfinithez casing member'.v |32. for' delivering' the lubricant.

under pressure to-r the rotating valve. member-f |30 -when the valve |36 is actuated upwardly; ills-i1I lustrated, thek ends` ofthe-passage |42` in the ro tating valve member are sor enlarged or theen tire passage maybeso large that' forf all-'operative positionsbf. thevalve |35, the. passage |'42Croetates andperiodically is in valignmentV withl thepassage |54. The other passage-f |5451.r is disposed'- to deliver the lubricantv as 'itisfpassed bytl'ieil rotating valve to thepower' piston tointermittentlyoperate vthe power piston. A2 drain Vpasdisp'osedij'to'I/'be driven.v by.y the" engineg. meansrvfor 1 energizing the. elct winding'r offftheA generaton a rheostati connected: in circuit; relationzwith: the

energizing means: disposedi to be operated for controlling: the voltage'.'generatedV by-l the-generator, a pressurey responsivemeanslgdisposedy for 'operating the' rheostat, 'a'.power piston responsive toi-` pressure dispiosed' to.'V operate the ,pressure re sponsivel means, a'. liquidi maintained under pressure',`v ja. controlvalvez responsive to"- they speed. ofr the-engine. for delivering: the liquid: to-v and: effect Vingathe operation of-v thepow'ei'piston, andi means operative. i'ndep'endentlyv ofVV the power piston and the control'A valve'v forfvrendering.; the delivery of theV liquid'from the controlI valve to. the power pistonintermittent-to; give an intermittent,l oper-- enginesini combinatiom agenerator provided. withl anar-mature"'windingv and ai field. windingl sage |58`is connected tothechamber ll''forined. .Y

above tberotating member and in which the spring |61 is .positioned for biasing the;pist/tm member against the lever ofA the governor' and! chambers |62, |64 and IGS-for draining thelubri cant. from the valve member, the passage |-581being connected tov the pipe. |68 to the reservoir' of the governor. The valve member |30 illustrated functions inthe-same manner as themore ationz of thel rheostat toprsevenftiy hunting. and' maintain the speed' ofi' theengine` substantially-l constant,` under.' changing" load". conditions..v

2i. In:l regulatingr apparatus for constant` speed disposed tot`vbe" 'dr-ivenr bythe engine, means for energizing theeld'winding: ofJthe generator. a

rrh'eostat` connectedjin'- circuit relation with the energizing' meanSdiSpOSed-.to befoperat'eci.l for con.-

. trolling'the voltage'generatediby'the'generator; a-

pressureresponsive. means disposed for` operat ing thevrlieostat, a: power pistonresponsive to' pressure disposedto operate thepressure responsive means, af liquid. maintainedunder. pressure.

a control valve responsive to and; effecting the l lstat to prevent hunting land disposedv tolbe driven by energizing thefield winding of the generator, a

piston intermittent, the intermittent f the liquidto thek powerpiston eiecting the intermittent l operation v,eration in response engines, in combination,

operation of the power piston. and means 'coni-v der thedellvery of the liquid from-,thefcontrol valve to the .power piston intermittentftlie lnterof the ,engine substantially constant under changing load conditions.

` 3. In regulating apparatus for constant speed vengines.

in combination, a generator provided with an armature winding and a field winding the engine, means for rliecstat connected incircuit relation with the venergizing,means disposed to, be operated for controlling.. the voltage generated by the genlprising a valve disposed fol'pperationindepend- 'y "ntly of the operation of the .controlrvalve to -rento the speed of theengine, and means connecting the control valve and power piston'for delivering the liquid to the power piston when the control valve is operated, said means including a rotating valve disposed for continuous operation by the engine independently of the sliding opl -eration of the vcontrol valve to render the de- .,maintain the speed of the -constant under changing load conditions.

erator, a pressure responsivemeans disposed for operating the rheostat, aV power piston responsive to pressuredisposed to operate the pressure responsive means, a liquid maintained under pressure, a control valve responsive to the speed of theengine for delivering the liquid to and effecting the operation ofthe power piston, and H ,means vcomprising a rotating valve disposed for .continuous operation independently of the operation o'f the control valve to render the delivery of theliquid from the control valve to lthe power of. the A,rheostat to prevent hunting 'and maintain the speed of the engine substantially constantfunder changing-load conditions.

regulating apparatusior constant speed engines in combination. a generator provided with .,anarmature winding and-a eld winding disposed f, to, bedriven'by t he engine, means for energizing the field winding of the generator, a `rheostat connected in circuit relation with the energizing `means disposed to b eroperatedfor controlling the voltageV generated by the generator, al pressure responsive means disposed for operating the rheostat, a power piston responsive to pressure disposedtooperate the pressure vresponsive means, a liquid maintained under pressure. a control valve connected to receivethe liquid-disposed for optothe speed of the engine, and meansconnecting the control valve and ,poweiy piston -for deliveringr the liquid to the power .piston when the controllvalve-is operated, said meansincluding a valve disposed foroperation independently vofthe operation of the control valve tol render the .delivery of the liquid to .the power piston intermittent. the intermittent delivery of the' liquid tov the power pistoneffecting the intermittent operation of the frheostat to prevent hunting and maintain the speed of the engine substantially-constant under changing load conditions. f I

. 5. In regulating apparatus` for constantspeed a ,generator provided with, anarmature winding and anelli-winding disposedto b e driven` by the engine, means for energizing the eld winding of the generator, a

erator.

delivery of 6. In regulating apparatus for constant speed engines. in combination, a generator provided with an armature winding and a eld winding disposed to be driven by the engine, means for n A energizing the field winding of the generator, a rheostat connected in circuit relation with the livery 0f the liquid energizing means disposed to :ing `and maintain .stantially constant be operated for controlling the voltage generated by the generator, a pressure responsive means disposed for operating the rheostat, a power piston responsive to pressure disposed to operate the pressure responsive means, a liquid maintained under pressure, valve means responsive to the speed of the engine for delivering the liquid to and effecting the-operation of the power piston, the valve means including a sliding valve disposed to conneet the power piston to the liquid under pressure and a. rotatingvalve for effecting the deto the power piston in an intermittent manner, the intermittent delivery of the liquid to the power piston giving an intermittent operation of the rheosatv to prevent huntthe speed of the engine subunder changing load conditions. Y Y l 7. In regulating apparatus for constant speed engines, in combination, a generator provided with an armature winding and a neld Winding disposed to be driven by the engine, means for venergizing the field winding of the generator, a

means, a liquid maintained under pressure, valve means responsive to the speed of the engine for delivering the liquid to and effecting the operation ofthe power piston, the valve means including a continuously rotating valve member mounted for sliding movement disposed to connect the power piston to the liquid under pressureand effect the delivery of the liquid to the power piston in an intermittent manner, the intermittent delivery of the liquid to the power piston giving an intermittent operation of the Irheostat to prevent hunting and maintain the speed of the engine substantially constant under changing load conditions.

WALTER H. SMITH.

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