US2227469A - Vapor treatment of metals - Google Patents
Vapor treatment of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2227469A US2227469A US109308A US10930836A US2227469A US 2227469 A US2227469 A US 2227469A US 109308 A US109308 A US 109308A US 10930836 A US10930836 A US 10930836A US 2227469 A US2227469 A US 2227469A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- iron
- action
- subjecting
- chromic acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 41
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000648 terne Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607686 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Thompson Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
Definitions
- a final rinse be applied to the treated metal v objects which consists in a dilute solution of chromic acid.
- concentration of this dual rinse may vary greatly, but for economy, suiilciently improved corrosion resistance has been obtained from a solution containing si grams per gallon of water.
- the chromic acid solution may be applied at a temperature ranging from. room vtemperature up to boiling and a mere wetting cf the surface is sumcient. ⁇ The metal surface is then dried before applying a finish coat.
- the present invention comprises treating metal surfaces by subjecting them to the action of the vapors of (2i-O3 or of a nitrate at a temperature of 1000 F., or below, such treatment having the eiiect of forming an oxide coating on and integral with said metal surfaces.
- mixtures of the various materials used in this invention for example, mixtures of CrGs and nitrates may be used, and when chlorine compounds are used to lower the volatilization' temperature, more than one chlorine compound may be used in the process.
- a method oi treating metal surfaces which comprises subjecting them to the action of vaporized chromic acid in combination with either ferr-ic chloride, sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid.
- a method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron. steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjecting .said metal to the action of vaporized CrOa.
- a method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjecting said metal to the action of vaporlzed CIO:
- a method of treating a metal selected from theA group consisting o iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized CrOa and thereafter subjecting such treated metal to the action of a solution containing chromic acid.
- a method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjectin g said metaito the action of a confined atmosphere containing vapor resulting from heating CrO; at temperatures ranging between 450 F. and 1000 F.
- a metal article of manufacture having upon and integral with its surface a coating composed of oxides imparted throughtreatment in an atmosphere containing vapors resulting from heating CrOs and thereafter rinsing with a solution containing CrOs.
- a metal article of manufacture having upon and integral with its surface a coating composed of oxides imparted through treatment in an atmosphere containing vapors resulting from heating CrOa and thereafter rinsing with water.
- a method of treating a. metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consistsin subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized chromic acid obtained by heating a salt of chromic acid in combination with phosphoric or sulphuric acid.
- i0.- A method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting oi iron, steel, zinc. galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists in subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized chromic acid obtained by heating a salt of chromic acid in combination with a numeral acid at temperatures ranging between 450 and 1000 F.
- a method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists in subjecting said metal -to the action of vaporized chromic acid obtained by heating a salt of chromic acid in combination with a mineral acid and thereafter rinsingwith a. solution containing chromic acid.
- a method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized CrOa and thereafter wetting the metal with a solution containing chromlc acid, and drying the metal.
- a method of treating metal selected from the group consisting of iron and steel which consists of subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized CrOs.
- the method of producing a rust-proofing and bonding coaton aferrous metal surface which comprises oxidizing said surface with ongen froma gaseous source at a temperature below 1000 F. for a period sufficient to form thereon a thin continuous adherent coating of iron oxides, wetting said coating with a dilute solution of chromc acid, and drying said solution on gen from gases, which result from vaporizlng nithe surface. trete, at s. temperature below 1000 F, for s. period 15.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Description
being treated be dipped or rinsed in either hotV or cold water, This operation results in a more insoluble coating and is particularly advantageous when the objects are to be finished by painting or the like.
It is further recommended that after the water rinse, a final rinse be applied to the treated metal v objects which consists in a dilute solution of chromic acid. The concentration of this dual rinse may vary greatly, but for economy, suiilciently improved corrosion resistance has been obtained from a solution containing si grams per gallon of water. The chromic acid solution may be applied at a temperature ranging from. room vtemperature up to boiling and a mere wetting cf the surface is sumcient. `The metal surface is then dried before applying a finish coat.
It will be seen from the foregoing description that the present invention comprises treating metal surfaces by subjecting them to the action of the vapors of (2i-O3 or of a nitrate at a temperature of 1000 F., or below, such treatment having the eiiect of forming an oxide coating on and integral with said metal surfaces.
It is understood that the above detailed description is offered for lthe purpose of illustration and not with the intention of limiting the invention, the scope of which is to be determined by 'the appended claims.
It is within the scope of the invention to employ mixtures of the various materials used in this invention, for example, mixtures of CrGs and nitrates may be used, and when chlorine compounds are used to lower the volatilization' temperature, more than one chlorine compound may be used in the process.
What we claim is:
1. A method oi treating metal surfaces which comprises subjecting them to the action of vaporized chromic acid in combination with either ferr-ic chloride, sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid.
2. A method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron. steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjecting .said metal to the action of vaporized CrOa.
3. A method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjecting said metal to the action of vaporlzed CIO:
and a chlorine compound, at a temperature be-` low 1000 F.
4. A method of treating a metal selected from theA group consisting o iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized CrOa and thereafter subjecting such treated metal to the action of a solution containing chromic acid.
5. A method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjectin g said metaito the action of a confined atmosphere containing vapor resulting from heating CrO; at temperatures ranging between 450 F. and 1000 F.
6. A metal article of manufacture having upon and integral with its surface a coating composed of oxides imparted throughtreatment in an atmosphere containing vapors resulting from heating CrOs and thereafter rinsing with a solution containing CrOs.
7. A metal article of manufacture having upon and integral with its surface a coating composed of oxides imparted through treatment in an atmosphere containing vapors resulting from heating CrOa and thereafter rinsing with water.
8. i method of treating metal selected from the group consistingof iron. steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists in subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized chromic acid obtained by heating asait of chromic acid in combination with a mineral acid.
9. A method of treating a. metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consistsin subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized chromic acid obtained by heating a salt of chromic acid in combination with phosphoric or sulphuric acid.
i0.- A method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting oi iron, steel, zinc. galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists in subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized chromic acid obtained by heating a salt of chromic acid in combination with a numeral acid at temperatures ranging between 450 and 1000 F.
1l. A method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists in subjecting said metal -to the action of vaporized chromic acid obtained by heating a salt of chromic acid in combination with a mineral acid and thereafter rinsingwith a. solution containing chromic acid.
12. A method of treating a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, galvanized metal, aluminum, stainless steel, rustless iron, lead, tin, terne plate, cadmium, nickel, copper and magnesium which consists of subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized CrOa and thereafter wetting the metal with a solution containing chromlc acid, and drying the metal.
13. A method of treating metal selected from the group consisting of iron and steel which consists of subjecting said metal to the action of vaporized CrOs.
14. The method of producing a rust-proofing and bonding coaton aferrous metal surface, which comprises oxidizing said surface with ongen froma gaseous source at a temperature below 1000 F. for a period sufficient to form thereon a thin continuous adherent coating of iron oxides, wetting said coating with a dilute solution of chromc acid, and drying said solution on gen from gases, which result from vaporizlng nithe surface. trete, at s. temperature below 1000 F, for s. period 15. The method of claim 14 to which is added sumcient to form thereon a thin continuous adthe step of applying a nnish coat selected from herent coating of iron oxides, wetting said coatl 5 the class o1' paints,1a.cquers and enamels. ing with a dilute solution of chromic acid, and 5 16. The method of producing a rust-proong drying said solution on the surface.
and'bonding coat on a ferrous metal surtce, y JOHN S. THOMPSON.v
which comprises oxidizing said surface ,with oxy- EDWIN W. GOODSPEED.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US109308A US2227469A (en) | 1936-11-05 | 1936-11-05 | Vapor treatment of metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US109308A US2227469A (en) | 1936-11-05 | 1936-11-05 | Vapor treatment of metals |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2227469A true US2227469A (en) | 1941-01-07 |
Family
ID=22326978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US109308A Expired - Lifetime US2227469A (en) | 1936-11-05 | 1936-11-05 | Vapor treatment of metals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2227469A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2847371A (en) * | 1955-06-28 | 1958-08-12 | Tiarco Corp | Chromium plating on aluminum |
| US2858244A (en) * | 1954-05-14 | 1958-10-28 | Solar Aircraft Co | Oxidizing process for ferrous alloys containing at least 5% chromium |
| US3096220A (en) * | 1960-10-31 | 1963-07-02 | Robert S Dalrymple | Corrosion protection of aluminum |
-
1936
- 1936-11-05 US US109308A patent/US2227469A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2858244A (en) * | 1954-05-14 | 1958-10-28 | Solar Aircraft Co | Oxidizing process for ferrous alloys containing at least 5% chromium |
| US2847371A (en) * | 1955-06-28 | 1958-08-12 | Tiarco Corp | Chromium plating on aluminum |
| US3096220A (en) * | 1960-10-31 | 1963-07-02 | Robert S Dalrymple | Corrosion protection of aluminum |
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