US2222576A - Panel wall construction - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 19, 1940. o. c. scHAUBLE vPANEL WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed May 27. 1939 INVENTOI? Utta cimule ATTORNEY /u ZZ BY l 45 the furnace wall.

K6 Figure 4; is a horizontal section s Patented Nov. 1 9, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT f oFFlcl-z rausnwsu. coNsraUc'rroN 0tto C. Sehanble. Nutley, N. J., assigner to The Lummus Company. New York, N. Y., a com.

tionofllelawan Anuncian my zu, im, serum. maar' scum. (cano-1t oil heaters and is more particularly an improve' ment of the type described in Brinckerhof! et al. Patent 2,144,598 of January l'l. 1939.'

one or the principal objects or. mauve/ation is to provide a sectional refractory facedI encasement including independently replaceable tiers of refractory of exceptionally low co-efiicient ofthermal conductivity such encasement being free of objectional expansion and contraction changes 1s under thermal changes to which it' is subject.

A more. speciiic feature of the invention is to provide a suspended as distinguished from a supported, refractory linerfor a furnace wall composed of a plurality of tiers of lightweight and lporous brick.

Another and more specidc object of the invention is to provide a suspending structure for a detachable furnace wall construction in which the wall structure is protected fromfurnace heat 26 and in which the supporting elements subject to high temperatures are relatively small and economically made of heat resisting material.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a rectangular detachable refractory wall 3o construction for furnaces and the like, said wall stnicture being provided with aseries of suspended sections which are readily adjusted for initial tightness both laterally and linearly, such ,construction being simple in assembly, inexpensive, and of relatively long life.

Further advantages of the invention will appear from the 'following description of a preferred lform of embodiment thereof taken infconnection with the attached drawing which is 40 illustrative of the invention and in' which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a section of s furnace wall with parts broken away to show the internal construction.

Figure 2,1s a vertical transverse section throughl Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section through the furnace wall and taksnsubstantially along the line l-S of Figure 2.

tantiany along the une 4 4 er Figure 2.

Figures 5 and 6 `are detailed plan views with part's in section showing alternative arrangements of theJfoct pieces.

In large sized furnaces such as steam boilers,

as oil heaters for refineries andother constructions,

taken, submtories and their weight varies from l to Y, the so very extensive wall coverings are provided, a large part of which is subject to high temperatures. Much of the surface is exposed to radiant heat and all of it is subject to considerable thermal lexpansion. 'Furthermore such furnace I walls must be made in ardetachable ,manner not only for the convenience in assembling, but for the purpose of 1facilitating repairs should they be necessary. It is also `important that the furnace wall be relatively air tight and it has been 10 found that dry walls are preferable to mortar walls.

In the prior patent to Brinckerhoif heretofore mentioned. it is pointed out that furnace walls of this type are frequently located from to y1s ft. above the station floors and it is therefore important that separate sections be made so that there is not a gross expansion which would be diiiicult to compensate for. In the present case, although arrangements are made to com-I so pensate for the expansion of the refractory by usingthe sectional construction. the invention is `characterized by a differential support by which an increasing tightness of furnace can be obtained.

In accordance with a preferred form of embodiment of my invention. I have shown a plurality of vertical columns Il which are placed at suitable intervals as may be found desirable and on which the wall structure is to be formed.I ad Each vertical column is normally provided with a bolting flange i2 and separate sectional backing plates Il Iare bolted'to these bolting anges and cover lsuch area as may be found desirable.

Marginal transverse supporting beams I0 Aare ss also used, such beams extending between the vertical columns and being provided for the support of the refractory Il which are of any l suitable form of ceramic tile but are preferably of a lightweight type. As pointed out in the o Brinckerhon patent, a'particular type of porous tile which is found most suitable is characterized by a thermal conductivity of such low order that there may be` a differential in temperature in excess of 2.000 F. between the respective ends of 5 to the tile when the furnace ends are radiant heat, if the bricks are set the long way.

I'he heat conductivity of such bricks is of the order of 25-40%l that of standard heavy refracweight of standard heavy ceramic nrebrick.

The refractories Il are preferably aligned in vertical tiers vfor a suitable height cbrresponding approximately to the heightvof panels il and asshown in Figure A2, they may be confined by a rod 2li which is preferably provided with a flanged head which will support the foot piece 2 I The restraining rods 20 are suspended from the top by an eye bolt 22 which passes through o the frame work and is bolted thereto by the nuts and lock nuts generally indicated at 22 and 24. Such eyebolt not only adjusts the lateral spacing of the restraining rods 2l at the top but also xv the lateral spacing of the subjacent rod at the bottom.

As will be seen in Figures 4 and 2, the foot piece 2i is provided with a bifurcated leg portion Zia which projects downwardly and engages over the next lowermost eye bolt 22 and is retained from lateral movement thereby. As the head of the eyebolt limits the outward movement, considerable accuracy of adjustment is possible.

The restraining bolts 2l also can be adjusted along their length to allow a proper clearance between the topmost refractory ita of one row and the lowermost refractory iBb of the next higher row. Such clearance when the bricks are setupcoldwillbeaveryminimumaswillbe pointed out hereinafter.y The topmost brick ita may be only a partial brick leaving a recess 2i which is lled with a suitable asbestos or other insulating material.

Inasmuch as each tier of refractory is suspended from an uppermost point, any tendency of the rods 20 to become heated will cause a vertical downward movement of the foot piece 2|. This will tend to decrease the marginal opening between the vertical tiers. At the same time, however, the refractory tends to slightly expand under the high temperatures to which it is subjected causing a vertical upward movement of the column which will tend to close the marginal opening between the tiers. It will be apparent 40 that if the metal for the restraining rods 20 has substantially the same co-eiiicient of expansion as the refractory tile I8, there will be no substantial movement between Ithe top of one tier and the bottom of another, and the wall will 45 always be substantially air tight regardless of the temperature changes.

There is another important advantage in a suspended wall construction in that there are no parts which are secured to the frame work which 50 may be subjected to the high temperatures within the furnace. The foot piece is not connected to the panel wall except indirectly and is a relatively small member which could be made of a suitable heat resisting material. At the other .55 end the rod is supported by an eye bolt which is relatively inexpensive and may be conveniently made of heat resisting material, but in any event is vspaced from the radiant heat not only by a' part of a tile, but also by the insulating material 60 which may be placed in the pocket 25. The oonstruction eliminates the usual transverse angle brackets which serve as footlngs for the tier of brick and is consideraizrlyA cheaper not only in initial construction but in repair and upkeep $5 and in the reductlon'of heat losses.

The foot pieces may be of various types including one such as shown at 2i in Figure Dwhich fits directly under the lowermost brick 88h in which case the tier of bricks is centrally per? '75. adjacent bricks and the foot piece 30 'extends ubssantially across the bottom portion of both ric A still further modincation is shown in Fig. 8 in which the foot piece 22 is adapted to extend across four tiers and be supported by two restraining rods 2l. This is merely a matter of convenience depending upon the size and weight and other characteristics of the brick.

In the present construction, it will be noted that the eye bolts 22 which serve as tier supports, are projected through the horizontal transverse beams Il and are thereby directly supported from the frameworkl of the furnace. It will be obvious, however, that if it is desired to provide a detachable casing plate and brick construction as shown in the Brinckerlioff, et al. patent mentioned, it would be possible to project the bolts 22 through the casing plates I4 which, in turn, are secured to the furnace framework. Reenforcements on the top line of the casing plates if desired, could be provided without diillculty. The advantage of top suspended brickworkwould similarly be obtained.

While I have shown and described a preferred form of embodiment of my invention, I am aware that modifications may be made thereto, and I, therefore, desire a broad interpretation of my invention within the scope and spirit of the description' herein and of the claims appended hereinafter.

claim:

l. In a panel wall construction for furnaces, in combination with a supporting framework, casing plates, tiers of refractory brick, thermal insulating material between the casing plates and refractory brick, restraining rods extending along the tiers of refractory brick and maintaining them in alignment, top supports for said restrainingrods, said top supports being secured to said framework and laterally adjustable therewith, and means on the bottom of said restraining rods to cooperate in supporting a tier of refractory brick, said tier carrying means being a plate extending substantially across a tier of refractory brick, said tier carrying means being out of thermal contact with the casing plates and having downwardly opening projections which engage the next lower top support to prevent movement of the tier away from the easement.

2. In a panel wall construction for furnaces, in combination with a supporting framework, casing plates, tiers of refractory brick, thermal insulating' material between the casing plates and refractory brick, restraining rods extending along the tiers of, refractory brick and maintaining them in alignment, top supports for said restraining rods, said restraining rods being screw threaded in said top supports, said top supports being secured to said framework arid laterally adjustable therewith, and means on the bottom of said restraining rods to cooperate in supporting a tier of refractory brick, said tier carrying means being bifurcated, and engaging the top of the support of the next lower restraining rod to prevent relative lateral displacenient of the lower end of the refractory brick tier.

' 3. En a panel wall construction for furnaces, a

f framework consisting of horizontal and vertical members as a supporting framework, casing plates secured to said framework and substantially closing the spaces therebetween, tiers of refractory brick adjacent said casing plates, thermal insulating material between the re- 10 ports supported by said restraining lrods, said bottom supports being adapted to serve as a footing for the tiers of refractory brick, said .bottom supports having integral downwardly projecting elements which overlap the next lower eye bolt. said projections being spaced apart to vertically move over the eye bolt and to be laterally/restrained by the head thereof, said bottom supports being spaced from the casing plates and out of thermal contact therewith.

o'r'ro C. scHAUBLE.. 1o

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