US2275980A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

March 10,1942. R. s. MORE l' l' 2,275,980

BURNER Filed Feb. 8, 1939 ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 10, 1942` UNITED STATES lPATENT OFFICEv I BURNER,` Richards.' Moore, Grand Prairie, Tex., assigner, by mesne assignments, to Guiberson Oil Heater ICompany, Dallas,l Tex., a corporation of Texas Ap'pxiscatinn February s, 1939, serial No. 255,191

Claims.

This application' relates to an improved oil burner and is a .continuation in part of my copendingapplication No. 141,309, filed May 7,. 1937. In the said application I disclosed a three stage oilburner consisting of a vaporizing chamber, a

pre-heating chamber in which primary air was supplied to the vapors arising from the vaporizing chamber and a means to supply a secondary supply of air to the vapors as they passed from the mixing and pre-heating chamber. In the present invention I utilize all three of these fea,

tures, but in addition I provide deecting plates in the last mentioned meansso that the supply of secondary air will be admitted to the vaporiz-` ing gases in the form of -a series of jets. The

air is injected in the form of jets into the flame stream with such force that it creates a mixing l and a high degree of turbulence within the ame `itself and also produces, instead of a single cone,

a re of multiple flames; the air not only surrounding the flame, but being injected into the ilame itself. The center of the flame structure can be best described as a cone of air surrounded by cones of ilarnes which radiate, vforming the air cone as a common center and these cones orl branches of lla-me are surrounded by air so that the dame instead of being a solid mass of ame having a cold center becomes a thin, brilliant flame with -air inside and outside thereof. Such a ame produces extremely hightemperatures and has a high radiating efciency.

Another object of the invention is the means to prevent hard carbon forming in the vaporizing chamber. I have provided means' to maintain at all'times a pool .of oil in the vaporizing chamber regardless of whether the ame is burning atextremely low or extremely high fires. As there is a pool of oil continually in the vaporizing chamber, ithe centralized vapor remains in contact with this -pool of oil and this is a distinct advantage as no cra-cking of the oil takes place as long as its saturated vapor is in contact therewith. It is, therefore, apparent that no hard carbon will be formed for the cracking which produces the hard carbon is eliminated. l

Another object of the invention is to provide means to eliminate the noise of flame vibration. Another` distinct advantage of the invention is that I pass the air over and through the metal forming the structure tending to cool the metal and preventing it from reaching a high degree of heat, which prevents the metal from burning up and gives a long life and troublefree operation, without replacement of parts.

tering the flame stream thereby providing better and faster combustion. l

Another object of the invention is rthat by my improved construction I am enabled to greatly increase the burning range. Heretolore oil burners have had a burning range of only about 1 to 4,

that is, if they can burn one pound of oil at low fire, the maximum oil which theyvcan burn is approximately four pounds in a given period of time. I find it possible with my improved burner toburn four ounces of oil per hour'at low re and four pounds of oil per hourA at high re so that with my improved construction I have extended the range from -1 to 4 up to 1 to 16. This increased burning range,- particularly in the low was so great that the thermostatic controls were generallyrendered useless. l

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear in the detailed specification and claims whichfollow. f

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a plan view on the line l-I of Fig. 2

looking downwardly and having a portion thereof broken Iaway so as to disclose the structure of the plate at the top of the pre-heating `and mixing chamber and,

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view on the line 2-'2 of Fig. 1. In thedrawing, similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts in the several views.

The vaporizing chamber 4 consists of a bottom wall 5, side walls 6 and a top wall 1, the top wall l being secured to the side walls 6 and being provided with a-n upstanding circular flange l forming a circular burner opening 9. 'I'he vaporizing y chamber is provided with a door 8.' When the ldoor 8 is removed, a lighter can be inserted into the liquid fuel which is introduced into the vaporizing chamber through the pipe I0 which leads to a source of oil supply such as a reservoir, 'Ihe 4 vaporizing chamber 4 is housed inthe lower portion of a housing 26 consisting of a bottom 2l,

Furthermore, theV v air in cooling the metal is pre-heated before enside walls 28 and an upper cover plate I8'. The side walls 28. are provided with an opening 29 Ithrough which'the pipe 'l0 extends and with an opening 3a through which the spout 2 .extends and which leads to the door 8. 'I'he vaporizing chamber ,4 is also provided with a series of apertures or holes il near tlie upper portion' of the;

to support combustion normally as will hereinafter be described.

A second and distinct part of my burner a mixing and pre-heating chamber I2 which in the Cil present embodiment of the invention consists of a perforated cylinder I3 with a large number of openings I4 for the passage of air from the housing 26 into the mixing and pre-heating chamber I2. The lower end of the cylinder I3 is secured to the circular flange I by any conventional means, such as welding, land this cylinder I3 is of substantially the same size as the burnerV openling 9 in the upper part of the vaporizing chamber. The upper portion of the cylinder I3 is flared outwardly forming a flange 3 and on this flange and on the upper end of the housing 26 rests the cover plate I8. The cover plate I8 is provided with an opening I6 in the center thereof through which the hot burning gases from the mixing and pre-heating chamber I2 pass upwardly. The'chamber I2 might be better de v scribed as the' initial combustion chamber.

A combustion chamber is mounted above the housing 26 and above all of thestructure heretofore described in detail. It is lprovided with a bottom wall I9 which is spaced a distance above the cover plate I8 providing an opening or passageway 23 through which air from the atmosphere is drawn. The bottom wall I9 is provided with a circular opening I5 which is the same size or substantially the same size as the opening I6, as is clearly shown in Fig. 1. Baiiles 28 are interposed between the cover plate I8 and the bottom wall I9. These baiiies are preferably triangular in shape, as shown in Fig. 1, except that the base thereof would form an arc of a circle instead of a straight line. It will be noted thatthe V-shaped portion of each triangular baille points outwardly so that the incoming air between two bailles is forced together and the distances between two adiacent baillesconstantly decreases as the air progresses inwardly.

Thecover plate I8 is provided with a series of holes 2| leading from the outside atmosphere i to the housing 26, these holes being in that portion of the cover plate I8 between the side walls 28 and the perforated cylinder I3. The bottom wall I9 of the combustion chamber 25 is provided with a series of holes 22 near the outer margins thereof and adjacent the side walls of the combustion chamber so that air is drawn into the combustion chamber close to the .side walls thereof.

It will be noted that there are four distinct parts consisting of the following:

First, the vaporizing chamber 4 in which oil is admitted through the pipe I8 forming a pool on the bottom thereof and a limited supply of air passes into the vaporizing chamber 4 through the 'apertures I I. Initially the: door 8 is removed and alighted taper is inserted into the vaporizing chamber 4 to ignite the oil therein. After the oil starts burning in the vaporizing chamber 4, the door 8 is replaced, thereby shutting off the air which would pass through the doorway. There is now an lnsuiiicient amount of air in the vaporizing chamber 4 to support combustion and the ame arises into the mixing and preheating chamber I2.

Second, the initial combustion chamber I2 receives the gases arising from the vaporizing chamber 4 and air is introduced through the openings I4 so as to make a combustible mixture. After the lighting process, there is no burning, that is, no flame in the vaporizing chamber 4 and the flame does not appear, that is, the vapors are not ignited until they are passing through the chamber I2 where they are mixed with a lsufficient supply of air I4 to support combustion although it may not be complete combustion.

Third, the burning vapors now pass through the opening IB in the cover plate I8 and through the opening I5 in the bottom wall I9 and while making this transition, the baffles 20 have deiiected and compressed together a supply of air from the passageway 23 and injects this air into the .burning flame in a series of jets thereby creating a high degree f turbulence and producing not one iiame, but many flames..y The air coming in between the baiiles rushes with enough force to completely penetrate th'e iiame and meets in the center of the openings I5 and I6. This unique method of bringing secondary air into a highly pre-heated gas promotes eiilcient mixing and fast ame propagation. Furthermore, it will be noted that the incoming air is pre-heated before meeting and mixing with the burning vapors. This pre-heating and high degree of turbulence and thorough mixing of both air and oil vapors produces a ame of high velocity and intense heat. of air must enter between the baiiies creating its own turbulence in the flame and creates individual cones, each with a hollow center having its own peak of flame. The number ofthese multiple Iiiames will depend on the number of air deflectors or bailles.

Fourth, the combustion chamber 25 is Where the final combustion is completed. 'It will be noted, however, that the openings 22 -allow a f the carbon particles in the oil vapor are heated to a high degree and produces a distinctly white, hot. radiant name.

It will be noted that the travel or the air currents is such as to pre-heat the air before it enters the combustible vapors and the pre-heating of this air tends to cool the metal parts contacted by the inrushing air and ther'efore prevents the metal from burning out as quickly as it otherwise would.

It will be noted that the fuel is vaporized in the vaporizing chamber 4 from whence it passes upwardly into the initial combustion chamber ,Y I2, which is of a smaller cross-sectional area.

The vapors are ignited in the chamber I2 and then pass upwardly through the central holes I5 and I6 in the 4plates I8 and I9, which holes are much smaller in cross-sectional area than either the chamber I2 or the chamber 25, into which chamber 25 they expand after passing through said holesin the plates thereby giving a Venturi effect. Furthermore, the supply of airis introduced inwardly from the atmosphere Each of these jets the vaporizing chamber, means whereby additional air is introduced into the initial combustion chamber and means opening directly into .the outside atmosphere whereby a plurality of further constrict the cross-sectional area of the flame as the nal air is introduced into the name.

This large final supply of air is furthermore subdivided by the wide baiiles so that an eddy effect or turbulence is given'to the flame, thereby greatly increasing the effectiveness of the mixture of the air with the burningvapors.

I realize that many changes may be made in the specific form of the invention shown by y way of illustration therein and I, therefore, de-

sire to claim the same broadly, except as I may limit myself 'in the appended claims.

Having now described my invention Iclaim:

1. A burner including a vaporizing chamberinto which liquid fuel 'is fed, said chamber being provided with perforations through which a limited amount of air, insuiflcient to support comvbustion under normal operating conditions, is

introduced into the chamber, an initial combustion chamber above and communicating with t the vaporizing chamber, said initial combustion chamber being in the form of a perforated cylinder of materially smaller diameter than thatvof the vaporizing chamber, a -nal combustion chamber larger than and aboveA and communicating with the initial combustion chamber and spaced apart plates between the initial and `final combustion chambers, the said plates having central apertures of smaller cross-sectional area than that of the initial combustion chamber and through which apertures the burning vapors pass from the initial combustion chamber into the final combustion chamber, the spaces between said plates opening directly into the outside atmosphere and through which a large amount of air may sweep inwardly into the flame.

2. A burner including a vaporizing chamber, a iinal combustion chamber, an initial combustion chamber interposed between and communicating with the vaporizing chamber and the final combustion chamber, the said initial combustion chamber being of materially smaller cross-sectional area than that of the vaporizing chamber, means whereby a small amount of air, insufflcient to support combustion,`is introduced into the vaporizing chamber, means whereby additional air is introduced into the initial combusjets of air are introduced into the gasespassing from the initial combustion chamber into the final combustion chamber, said last named means including a plurality of wide bailles.

4. A burner including a vaporizing chamber, a nal combustion chamber, an initial combustion chamber interposed between and communicating with the vaporizing chamber and the iinal combustion chamber, said 'initial combustion j chamber being of materially smaller cross-sectional area than that of the vaporizing chamber,"

means whereby a small amount of air, insuiiicient to support combustion, is introduced into the vaporizing chamber, means whereby additional air isintroduced into the initial combustion chamber andmeans whereby a final supply of air is introduced into the flame after it passesl the initial combustion chamber and before it vreaches the final combustion chamber, said means consisting of spaced apart plates forming a passageway opening directly into the outside atmosphere and through which air is drawn from the atmosphere into the flame.

5. A burner including a vaporizing chamber,

. a final combustion chamber, an: initial combustion chamber and spaced apart plates between the initial and final combustion chambers, the

said plates having central apertures of smaller' cross-sectional area than that of the initial combustion chamber and through which apertures the burning vapors pass from the initial combustion chamber into the final combustion chamber, the spaces between said plates opening directly into the outside atmosphere and through which a large amount of air may sweep inwardly into the llame. Y

tion chamber interposed between and communicating with the vaporizing chamber and the nal combustion chamber, said initial combustion chamber being of materially smaller cross-sectional area than that of the vaporizing chamber, means whereby a'small amount of air, insufficient to support combustion, isintroduced into the vaporizing chamber, the initial and nal combustion chambers being spaced a small distance apart, and means whereby a plurality of Jetsl of air are introducedl into the gasesl passing through the space separating the initial combustion chamber from the final combustion chamber, said means consisting of spaced apart plates forming a passageway opening directly into the outside atmosphere and through which air is drawn from the atmosphere into the ame and wide baiiles between said plates to divide the incomingair into jets to create turbulence in the flame.

f6. In a burner, a vaporizing chamber for oil, an initial combustion chamber into which the vaporized fuel from the vaporizing chamber passes, said initial combustion chamber being of materially smaller cross-sectional area than that ofthe vaporizing chamber, a ii'nal combusy tion chamber above and communicating with the initial: combustion chamber, spaced -apart plates between the initial combustion chamber and the nal com-bustion chamber forming a passageway therebetween opening directly from the outside atmosphere into the burning fuel passing from the initial combustion chamber into the nal combustion chamber, and baliies extending tosaid passageway whereby the air passing into the vaporized fuel through said passageway is divided. into separate jets.

7. In a burner, a vaporizing chamber and a final combustion chamber. an initial .combustion chamber between and communicating with the vaporizing chamber and the nalcombustion chamber ,and of materially smaller' cross-sec-A tional area than that of either the vaporizing chamber or the final combustion chamber, spaced apart plates between the initial and nal combustion chambers, said plates being provided with central holes through which the flame passes from the initialcombustion'chamber into the nal combustion chamber,v the space between said plates serving as an air passageway leading directly fromthe outside atmosphere into the flame as the ame passes upwardly through said holes in said plates.

8. In a burner, a vaporizing chamber 'and a final combustion chamber, an initial combustion chamber between and communicating with the vaporizing chamber and the final combustion chamber and of materially smaller cross-sectional area than that of either the vaporizing chamber or the nal combustion chamber, spaced apart plates between the initial and final combustion chambers, said plates being provided with central holes through which the flame passes from the initial combustion chamber into the final, combustion chamber, the space between `said plates serving as an air passageway leading tional area than that of either the`vaporizing .chamber or the final combustion chamber, spaced apart plates between the initial and nal combustion chambers, said plates being provided with central holes through which the 'flame passes from the initial combustion chamber into the nal combustion chamber, the space between said plates serving as an air passageway leading directlyr from the outside atmosphere into the flame as the flame passes upwardly through said holes in said plates, said holes in said plates being of materially smaller crossfsectional area than the cross-sectional area of the initial combustion chamber, the outer parts of the plates diverging away from each other so as to form an inwardly tapering entrance for the incoming air.

10. In a burner, a vaporizing chamber and a final combustion chamber, an initial combustion chamber b etween and communicating with the vaporizing chamberk and the final combustion chamber and of materially smaller cross-sectional arearthan that of either the vaporizing chamber or the final combustion chamber, spaced apart plates between the initial and final combustion chambers, said plates being provided with central holes through which the flame passes from the initial combustion chamber into the nal combustion chamber, the space between said plates serving as an air passageway leading directly from the outside atmosphere into the flame as the flame passes upwardly through said holes in said plates, and wide baffles extending between the plates and extending tothe holes in said plates so that the air sweeping between the wide bailies and into the flame will create a turbulence therein.

RICHARD S. MOORE.

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