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US2268525A - Process of drawing steel - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2268525A
US2268525A US295540A US29554039A US2268525A US 2268525 A US2268525 A US 2268525A US 295540 A US295540 A US 295540A US 29554039 A US29554039 A US 29554039A US 2268525 A US2268525 A US 2268525A
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Prior art keywords
steel
cold
hydrochloric acid
pickling
treating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US295540A
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Roesner Gerhard
Schuster Ludwig
Ley Helmuth
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American Lurgi Corp
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American Lurgi Corp
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Publication of US2268525A publication Critical patent/US2268525A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or like semi-manufactured products by drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
    • C23C22/50—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/08—Iron or steel
    • C23G1/081—Iron or steel solutions containing H2SO4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/18—Natural waxes, e.g. ceresin, ozocerite, bees wax, carnauba; Degras
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/14—Group 7
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2080/00—Special pretreatment of the material to be lubricated, e.g. phosphatising or chromatising of a metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process of drawing steel, and particularly to the drawing of so-called stainless steel.
  • the invention involves a novel treating step which precedes the drawing, this step making possible the cold working or cold drawing of high grade steels of austenitic structure, particularly stainless steels containing chromium 'and/or nickel.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a treatment which will render the steel capable of being easily cold-worked, and particularly cold-drawn.
  • oxidizing agents in the treating bath is avoided, and preferably a pure hydrochloric acid is'used as the acid treating agent.
  • An austenitic steel of the stainless type con- I taining 18% chromium and 8% nickel was treated for five minutes at a temperature of 98 C. with a pickling bath of the following composition:
  • any easily hydrolizable ferric salt may be useful.
  • the preferred salt, however, to be used according to the invention is ferric acetate.
  • the .proportion of ferric salt should preferably be such that hydrolysis of the ferric salt takes place on the surface of the metal through-the consumption of the acid.
  • the treating step is carried out in the conven-- tional manner usual in pickling, and the material is than capable of being cold-drawn.
  • a process of cold drawing stainless steel which comprises treating the steel with a solution of hydrochloric acid which contains easily hydrolizable. ferric salts, and then drawing the steel so treated.
  • I nitric and hydrofluoric acids or of nitricfhydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. It is particularly desirable to utilize in additoi'n to hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acids a substance capable of yieldihg active oxygen'whioh may thus oxidize the hydrochloric acid. Potassium persu'lphate is an example of such a substance.
  • a process of cold drawing stainless steel which comprises treating the steel with a solution of hydrochloric acid which contains easily hydrolizable ferric salts, in such concentration that hydrolysis of such salts takes" place on the .Iects which comprises first pickling the steel,
  • a process of cold working stainless steel objects which comprises first pickling the steel in a 5 GERHARD ROESNER. pickling mixture containing an oxidizing agent LUDWIG SCI-IUSTER.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Description

Patented Dec. 30, 11941 UNlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE azsaszs raocnss or nnawme s'mnn GerhardRoosner, Ludwig Schuster, and Helmuth Ley, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, assignors to American Lnrgl Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application September 18, 1939.
$331 No. 295,540. In Germany September 20,
6 Claims.
The invention relates to a process of drawing steel, and particularly to the drawing of so-called stainless steel.
The invention involves a novel treating step which precedes the drawing, this step making possible the cold working or cold drawing of high grade steels of austenitic structure, particularly stainless steels containing chromium 'and/or nickel. r
In the past it has been impossible or diflicult to subject such steels to cold working and particularly to cold drawing. Such working has therefore required aheating of the steel with an increase in expense and possible injury to the steel itself.
. The primary object of the present invention is to provide a treatment which will render the steel capable of being easily cold-worked, and particularly cold-drawn.
In general, the invention includes as its essential step the treatment of the steel with an acid solution containing an easily hydrolyzable ferric salt. While other acids and particularly the known pickling acids may be useful, the halogen acids, and particularly hydrochloric acid, are most. satisfactory.
In the preferred form of the invention, use of oxidizing agents in the treating bath is avoided, and preferably a pure hydrochloric acid is'used as the acid treating agent.
The following example will demonstrate one method of carrying out the invention:
An austenitic steel of the stainless type con- I taining 18% chromium and 8% nickel was treated for five minutes at a temperature of 98 C. with a pickling bath of the following composition:
Parts byvolume Water 300 H2804 (specific gravity 1.84); 140 HCi (specific gravity 1.19) 160 --10% aqueous solution of potassium persul- As addition agents, any easily hydrolizable ferric salt may be useful. The preferred salt, however, to be used according to the invention is ferric acetate. The .proportion of ferric salt should preferably be such that hydrolysis of the ferric salt takes place on the surface of the metal through-the consumption of the acid.
The treating step is carried out in the conven-- tional manner usual in pickling, and the material is than capable of being cold-drawn.
phate 600 The pickled steel was then removed from this bath and treated at a temperature of from 90 C. to 95 C. for 20 minutes in an equeous solution containing the following amounts of active materials per liter:
19 gr. hydrochloric acid I 10 gr. anhydrous ferric acetate After this treatment the steel was provided with a usual drawing lubricant such as wool fat and then cold-drawn. It was found that cold drawing was possible and was quite simple.
While we have described herein some embodiments of our invention we wish it to be understood that we do not intend to limit ourselves thereby except within the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
'1. A process of cold drawing stainless steel which comprises treating the steel with a solution of hydrochloric acid which contains easily hydrolizable. ferric salts, and then drawing the steel so treated. a H
Further improvement in ductility can be ob- 'tained if the steel is treated with conventional pickling agents normally used with high grade or stainless steels before it is subjected to the pro-- oedure described above. Use may be made for thisstep of mixtures of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid; of sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid; of
I nitric and hydrofluoric acids; or of nitricfhydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. It is particularly desirable to utilize in additoi'n to hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acids a substance capable of yieldihg active oxygen'whioh may thus oxidize the hydrochloric acid. Potassium persu'lphate is an example of such a substance.
2. A process of cold drawing stainless steel which comprises treating the steel with a solution of hydrochloric acid which contains easily hydrolizable ferric salts, in such concentration that hydrolysis of such salts takes" place on the .Iects which comprises first pickling the steel,
2 2,268,525 then treating the steel in a solution of hydrothe steel in a solution of hydrochloric acid which chloric acid which contains an easily hydrolyzacontains an easily hydrolyzalile ferric salt, and ble ferric salt, and then drawing the steel. then drawing the steel.
6. A process of cold working stainless steel objects which comprises first pickling the steel in a 5 GERHARD ROESNER. pickling mixture containing an oxidizing agent LUDWIG SCI-IUSTER.
capable of releasing free oxygen, then treating HELMUTH LEY.
US295540A 1938-09-20 1939-09-18 Process of drawing steel Expired - Lifetime US2268525A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3256731A (en) * 1965-08-30 1966-06-21 Du Pont Metal drawing procedure

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3256731A (en) * 1965-08-30 1966-06-21 Du Pont Metal drawing procedure

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