US2250304A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

Patented July 22, 1941 UNITED STATES TENT OFFICE apolis, Minn., assignors to H. D. Hudson Manufacturing Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Minnesota Original application October 8, 1934, Serial No. 747,392. Divided and this application May 19, 1938, Serial No. 208,842

Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners and has among its general objects to provide a cheap and eflicient burner construction. The present application is a division of our application Serial Number 747,392, new Patent No. 2,123,365.

It is an object of the invention to provide oil burner construction which is capable of efficiently burning liquid fuels of relatively low specific gravity, with little carbonization over a long period of time.

It is a further object of the invention to produce burner constructions which are capable of relatively wide and rapid variation in combustion rate.

It is also an object of the invention to provide burner constructions in which the oil vaporization section and oil combustion zone are separated in order to reduce sooting and carbonization.

It is a further object to provide a construction in which vaporization of the fuel oil is distributed throughout a vaporization section and in which there is no concentrated vaporization near the oil feed orifice.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a burner construction in which there are a plurality of oilvaporization sections for the vaporization of oil at high and low combustion rates.

Other objects are: To provide a burner, the parts of which can be cheaply made, and quickly and easily assembled; to provide a receptacle associated with the burner adapted to receive foreign substances separated from the oil; to provide with the broader ideas of means inherent in the disclosure.

Objects, features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description of the drawing forming a part of this application, and in said drawing.

Figure 1 is a central vertical section through the burner.

Figure 2 is a section along line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a detail elevation of the zone-defining heat-conducting and flow control disk.

In the apparatus of the present application and that of our application Serial Number 747,392, new Patent 2,123,365 vaporization of the oil or distillate is accomplished in a section of the burner in which, under normal conditions there is substantially no combustion of the vapors, the vaporization being accomplished by heat which is conducted from the combustion zone to the oil or distillate in the oil vaporization sections. One of the desirable effects of this separation'of vaporization and combustion is that in each of the burner constructions carbonization is appreciably reduced. 7 V F The apparatus of the present invention is illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 and comprises generally three superimposed spaced elements generally designated l0, 2!] and 30. Plate IE1 is provided with a central opening I and an upwardly extending edge flange 12 which is connected with the lower edge of a cylindrical heat exchanger I4. Three or more supporting legs I3'(two of which are shown in the drawing) are attached to the plate i0, and support the entire apparatus.

The under side of plate I0 is provided with a downwardly extending flange l5 which is located about half way between the outer diameter of the plate and the central opening H, and a downwardly extending bead l6 which has a vertical dimension much less than flange I5; The flange l5 defines a recess in the bottom of plate it) in which the burner plate, generally designated 2!], reposes.

Plate 20 is circular and has an outside diameter such that edge 29 is spaced inwardly from flange l5, thus providing an air space between the plate and the flange when assembled as in Figure 1. The vertical spacing of plate Zllwith respect to the underside of plate I0 is determined by three bosses 2| which are formed on plate 2!] and apertured to receive the three assembly screws 22 shown in Figure 2.

The upper surface of plate 20 is formed with a central elevated cup or primary oil vaporization section 23, which is defined by flange 24; and with a concentric secondary oil vaporization channel or section 25 which is defined by flange 24 and flange 25. Plate 20 is also p'rovidedwith an oil over-flow catch channel 21 which is defined by flange 26 and web portion 28. It will be noted that the cup 23 or primary oil vaporization section, the secondary oil vaporizing section and catch channel 21 are located at successively lowered positions so that oil from cup 23 may flow to channel 25 and thence, if the flow is excessive, to catch channel 21.

Beneathplate 20 there is located a stamped metal dish,.generally designated 30, which has a vertical outer wall 3|. The wall 3| is flared outwardly at 32 and at this region the disk has a diameter somewhat greater than the outside diameter of flange l5. Dish is located in spaced relation to the underside of burner plate 20 by spacing tubes 33 through which screws 22 pass when the burner is assembled as shown in Figure 1.

Above the burner plate 20, and extending through opening l2 of plate H1 there is located a unit, generally designated which consists of a cap portion 4|, a ring 42, and three shaped inter-connecting legs 43, all formed integrally with each other, as by casting. Cap portion 4| which is of heavy cross-section, has a downwardly curved surface and concave upper surface 46 and has an outer diameter about equal to the diameter of thesecondary oil vaporization section 25. Ring 42 is also of relatively heavy cross-section and is formed with a lower curved surface which fits neatly into the bottom of channel 25. Legs 43- are of relatively heavy sections andare tapered from top to bottom and notched back as at 46-50 as to conduct heat from the combustion zone-(which is the space outward from and above flange 24) to the ring 42 and hence to plate 20. The upper surface of unit 40 is provided with a grab-loop 44 by which it may easily be lifted since it is not fastened to plate 20;

Plate 20 is provided with a central screw threaded aperture 59within the cup portion 23 and plate 30 is apertured centrally at 5| so as to receive the vertical oil feed pipe 52. The lower end of pipe 52 is threaded to receive a T fitting generally designated 53 which is'provided with a coarsely threaded opening 5-4, to which sediment bulb 55 of glass, metal or other suitable material is attached. It will be noted that when the tube 52, fitting 53 and bulb 55 are assembled, there is an unrestricted vertical passageway from the'oil cup 23 to the sediment bulb 55 and any carbon or sediment formed in the cup either falls or may 'easily be pushed directly into the bulb when unit 40 is lifted. The oil or distillate is fed to the burner by way of feed pipe 51 which is connected to side opening 56 of the T 53.

Burnerplate 2D is also provided with a threaded op'ening'lifl' in the over-flow catch basin 21, to which coupling 6| of the over-flow pipe 62 is attached. The cup 23 is provided with a wick 65' which isof a diameter such that it is close to flange 24.

When the parts are assembled in the relationship shown in Figure 1 incoming air may pass by rib 16, and then upwardly along a curved path; as'shown by arrow 14', toward the top of flange 24 where it meets the flame and vapors arising from the primary vaporization section within the wick circle. The incoming air then mingles with the vapors which are flowing upward and outward along the curved undersurface 45 of cap 4| and combustion takes place in this zone.

Under normal conditions the flames form a wall which rises from the wick circle until it meets the cap 4| and is flared out. The cap 4| and the flame wall thus form a closed primary vaporization section within the wick circle from which air is excluded, and vaporization hence takes place without excessive carbon deposition, as would occur if the cap were not thus located. The vapors rising from the surface of the oil in cup 23 are flared outwardly as they strike the curved surface 45 of the cap, but a substantial amount of burning does not take place until the vapors are mixed with the incoming air which arises around-the flame wall and impinges against the cap near its outer diameter. Cap 4| which in part defines the vaporization section, and in part the combustion zone, is intensely hot and since it is heavy bodied considerable heat is stored.

The heat absorbed and stored in cap 4| is communicated through legs 43 to ring 42 and thence to the heavy metal of plate 20 at the secondary vaporization channel 25. Channel 25 is normally dry and during low or medium flame conditions the heat thus delivered flows to the region beneath cup 23 and thence to the oil within the cup which is accordingly vaporized. Throughout low and medium flame conditions changes in the rate of operation are accomplished by varying the level of the oil in cup 23 but when a large amount of additional heat is required, oil is admitted until it overflows flange 24 into secondary vaporization section 25 where it is immediately vaporized by hot ring 8|! and hot channel 25. Since cap 4| andring 42 are heavybodied they store sufiicient heat so as quickly to vaporize oil flowing into channel 25, with the result that the burner is capable of changing rapidly from low to high flame while maintaining relatively high efficiency of combustion. Channel 25 in conjunction with ring 42 thus acts as a secondary oil vaporization section. Legs 43 are shaped so as to deliver heat to ring 42 at just the correct rate for proper vaporization under each condition of operation.

The circuitous path of the incoming air through passages TB, II, 13 and 14 preheats the air and thus increases efliciency of combustion. The circuitousness also serves to mufile draft noises of the burner. The plate 39 acts as a heat shield for the space immediately below the burner apparatus.

Since unit 40 merely rests on the burner plate, it is very easily removable. In order to clean the unit it is only necessary to-hook a bentrod or wire through loop 81 and knock the cap against plate 13 which forms the floor of the drum. A straight rod may be pushed down through the tube 52 during the same operation, and with this, the cleaning is complete.

We claim as our invention:

1. An oil burner capable of rapidly increasing its combustion rate comprising a primary oil basin in an elevated position, a secondary oil basin for receiving oil overflowing from the primary basin, air duct means for conveying air across the basins for combustion, and a heat transfer unit having a heat absorber supported above the primary basin in a position to be impinged by flames originating in the primary basin during low rates of combustion, and heat transfer means connected to the heat absorber and extending directly into the secondary basin and terminating in a heat liberating surface therein which surface is maintained hot during normal low rates of combustion by heat conducted from the heat absorber through the connected heat transfer means whereby oil overflowing from the primary basin into the secondary basin is instantly vaporized by the heat liberating surface thereby affording a rapid increase in combustion.

2. A device of the type set forth in claim 1 wherein the heat absorber, heat transfer means and heat liberating means are an integral casting.

3. An oil burner capable of rapidly increasing its combustion rate comprising a burner plate having an oil cup on its upper surface and an overflow channel surrounding said cup, an oil delivery line extending upwardly to said cup for delivering oil thereto, and a heat reservoir flame spreader means composed of a cap, integral supporting legs extending downwardly therefrom and a ring base connecting the legs, the ring base being positioned in the surrounding channel and the legs being sufliciently long to hold the cap in an elevated position above the cup so that flames will impinge against the lower side of the cap, whereby during burning at low rates of combustion the cap, legs and ring are maintained at high temperature for vaporizing oil overflowing into the surrounding channel when the combustion rate is rapidly increased.

4. A device of the type set forth in claim 3 wherein the heat reservoir and flame spreader means comprise a casting having a curved outwardly and upwardly extending under surface as the cap for outwardly spreading flames impinging thereagainst and has integral downwardly extending legs terminating in a base ring shaped to fit neatly into the overflow channel.

5. An oil burner capable of increasing its combustion rate comprising a burner plate having a central elevated oil cup and a lower annular secondary channel therearound, means for supplying oil to the cup and means for supplying a radial inflow of air over the plate across the channel and upwardly around the cup, and a heat transfer means comprising a ring resting in the annular channel, integral legs extending upwardly therefrom and an integral flame spreading cap supported above the cup, said cap having an outwardly and upwardly curved under surface against which flames from burning oil in the cup impinge and spread outwardly, whereby when oil is provided only in the cup, and the burner is accordingly burning at normal low rates of combustion the ring resting in the annular channel is maintained very hot by heat conducted directly from the flames impinging against the cap thereby being capable of instantly vaporizing oil overflowing from the cup to the annular channel for rapidly increasing combustion.

MAURICE H. KEATING. ALBERT T. LARSON.

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