US2132900A - Oil distilling apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 11, 1938; L. HUNYADI ET AL 2,132,900

OIL DISTILLING APPARATUS Filed Dec.- 7, 1936 l/vwsn/roles 09521.0 .A wvm mwe lz o CF05,

" UNITED.

Patented Oct. 11, 1938 J I n imsmw Q TU i aaJImMQaBuaMt1' .f'

- *Application'December '1, 1936, Serial-No. 114,700 v lnl-flungary scptember 19,1936

This invention relates to apparatus'ior-"dis-" tilling oil and maybe used'with advantage for' the recovery of usedoil, although it is not confined tosuchuse.

cracked. r

If steam is passed through economy, but too much steam is used.

It has been" proposed to provide apparatus wherein oil is heated under pressure in a pipe coil and is injected in hot condition into {an exparatus has the disadvantage of taking up too much space and of beinguneconomicaL since an the oil, including the low boiling pointparts,"

has to be heated to the temperature of theparts of the highest boiling point,"sojthat the danger of cracking is again entailed.

In'contrast to the two types of apparatus ref-ferred tov above, the apparatus according-tofthe invention enables theoil'to be distilled'forrecovery, the oil is not subjected to-undue pressure, is not heated to undue temperatureaiid there'jis no danger of cracking, which is of particularfim- .Lportance in the case of'lubricants. "The low boil'-' 5 ing 'point' hydrocarbons" are maven-em at the early stages of heating atlo'w temperatures; so" that the distillation i economical; the quantity} to be'heatedfbeingsteadily reduced, whileat the 'isame time the oilie '--more delicately handled. Steam is caused to flow in one and thesame pipe coil in counterstream to the oil. The pure steam first meets the oil in which there is least of the fractions to be separated, while the steam laden with the separated fractions, i. e. the impure steam, meets the stream of oil which contains most of the fractions to be separated. Moreover, the fresh. steam also penetrates through the oil mists or oil cascades formed in the oil stream containing most of the fractions to be separated. Thus, there are two steam actions at work. One is due to the steam flowing above, 1. e. in opposition to, the oil stream, and the other to the fresh steam penetrating through the oil stream, or through the oil mists formed therein.

The upper stream of steam flowing above and in opposition to the oil stream draws along with it by partial pressure efiect the fractions floating above the oil stream or liberated therefrom, thereby assisting the evaporation of the oil. The fresh When used oil is heated in a pipe coil for the Purposes of distillation the oil easily becomes the-oil-the partial I pressure isreduced andthe-distillation may be 10*efiected at a lower temperature with greater stea-m' penetrating {through the oil stream or the oil mists (ou cascades)- makes contact with the elementary particles of the oil and facilitates the liberation ofthe fractions to be removed.- The apparatus is-"further "distinguished; by simple construction, small space requirement, fuel economy; eliminationof the danger of cracking, and greatoutput. a r 1 I I I Appara'tus according to the invention for the distillation of oilischaracterized by a partition in the pipe coil for the oil and steam, said par' tition extending in the direction of the axis of drawing, wherein 'Fig. l is a part sectional side elevation of one embodiment,-

"Fig. 2 is a planview of same partly in section orithe line A--B of Fig. 1,

*Fig. '3 is'a; part sectional fragmentary'side' elevation of another embodiment, H

Fig. 4 isa-cr'oss sectional view'on' a largerscale of the oil andjlsteam pipe on the line C- D' of .5 and .I 4 v .1

Figr5-is'a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of same,-also'on' a larger scale.

Referring to 'Figs. land 2, the annular water tank I communicatesthrougha pipe 2 with the lower part of the boiler 4 surrounding the furnace 3. The furnace! is associatedwith a fuel chute 5, grate 6 ash pit l and ash pit d0or'8.

"The lower-pa'rt-of the'annular oil tank 9 communicates with the oil pipe coil I2 through a pipe III, which passes through the shell H of the oil distilling apparatus and may be wholly or partly closed by a valve I ox.

The steam space of the boiler 4 communicates through a pipe I3 with the superheater pipe coil IS. The pipe I3 is disposed within the shell II and in the lower part of the flue l4 joining the truncated cone shaped upper end of the shell.

The lower end of the pipe coil l5 communicates with the common oil and steam pipe coil IS.

The pipe coil I6 is composed of straight sections (Fig. 2) to facilitate cleaning, so that in plan view the pipe coil represents a square figure. 'I'he'individual straight sections may be easily cleaned after unscrewing their end caps Hz. The lower end of the pipe coil l6 joins the U-shaped [6y discharge tube for the distilled oil, which forms a liquid seal and prevents steam from blowing out.

40 ,g Where the tubesections I6 join one anotherthe The pipe coil I6 is divided by the partition I! in the direction of the pipe axis into an upper larger oil space l8 and a lower smaller steam space I!) (Figs. 4, The partition I! is trough shaped and the distance apart of its edges equals the inner diameter of the pipe l6.

The spaces l8 and I9 communicate with one another through the transverse slits Ila: formed in the'partition l1. The lower edge of theslits Ila: is dished downwardly towards the steam space I 9, so that the layer of oil 20 flowing down wardly on the sloping partition I! forms, over: the slits 11x, oil mists if the layer'xof oil is shallow and oil cascades if the layer of oil is deep.

Without departing from the spirit-of the 21'' vention the higher edge of the slits 11x may be dished upwardly towards the space'l8;'or the j higher edge of the slits may be dished upwardly;

and their lower edge downwardly.

The steam can only pass from the lower space l9 into the upper space l8 throughthe oil mistsor oil cascades, so that the steam passes coma pletely through the oil mists, makes contact with the elementary particles of the oil, thus liberating the particles of lower boiling pointand carrying them withit into the space above the oil. The

pure steam first meets the oil which contains least of the fractions to be separated, while the steam laden with the separated fractions, i. e.

the impure steam, makes contact with the oil stream which contains'most of the fractions to. be separated. Moreover, the fresh steam also passes through the oil mistsor oil cascades formed in theoil stream containing most of the fractions to be separated.

The partition I1 is preferably made of strips of thin sheetsteel, which are slightly curved intransverse direction prior to being: pushed into the straight tube section l6. No special packing is necessary at the edges of the partition.

ends of the strips forming the partition overlap fiat thereby ensuring a continuous path for the oil stream. r

4' Connected to one of the upper iconvolutions of the pipe-coil H5, or to the upper space l8 thereof,

there is a pipe 2| which leads off the lower boiling point hydrocarbons drivenout bythe. distillation process, together with the steam, to a condenser of any suitable construction.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, pipes Zla, 2 lb, 2 lo are connected to the pipe coil [6 at vari-- v ous levels, whereby three different fractions may I be separated. I

The combustion gases effectively pre-hea t the pipe coil [5, the oil and steam pipe coil [6, pipes l3, 2| (or 21a, Zlb, Me) and the tanks and 9.

The apparatus according to the invention may also be utilized for the distillation of crude oil. In this case the number of pipes 2| will correspond to the number of fractions desired. The pipe l6 may be of polygonal or elliptical section instead of being circular in section.

1. An oil distilling apparatus; including a pipe ,coil for steam and oil, the coil being divided into two spaces by a trough shaped'partition extending inthe-direetion of the axis of the tube forming the coil and the partition having slits for the passage thereth-rougli of steam for forming oil mists or oil cascades in the oil.

2-,;An; oiljd isti lling apparatus, including a pipe -coil for steamjand oil' formed of circular section 1 pipe, the coil being divided into two spaces by a trough shaped partition extending in the direction ofthe axis of the tube formingthe-coil, the distanceapart of the edges of the partition being equalto theinner diameter ,ofthe tube,

and the partition having slits for the passage therethrough of steam for forming oil mistsor oilcascadesin the oil. I i

3. An oil distilling app-statue, "slant ng steam boiler, a-pipe coilfor steam and oil-divided into twospaces by a partition-extending;inthe direction of theaxis ofthe 'tubeforming the coil, the partition havi g slits for the passage there- -through of steam for formin oil-mists oroil cascades in the oil, and a steam superheating pipe coil disposed within the'pipe coil forsteam and oil in the path of the. combustion gases from the steam boiler, I one {end of said superheating pipe coil; being connected to the steam-space oi the boiler .and the other end of said superheating pipe coil being connected to. the lowermost convolution of, the pipe coil forv steam and oil.

4. An apparatus for distilling oil including a;

heat flue, a coil disposed in said'fiue and having a transverse partition. provided withopenings, means for flowing oil d;awnwardlyv through said coil over the top of. said partition and across the openings," means for supplying steam to the lower end of the coil and to the space below said partition whereby the-steam will flow inwardly in said coil and pass .through the openings in the partition to bubble through the o'il, means. at the bottom of the coil for;collectingoiLand means at thetop of the coil for-,conductingfiaway the

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