US2125873A - Shaping machine - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 9, 1938. E. 'AEBER Ll 2,125,373

SHAPING MACHINE Filed Jan. 26, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l Juvenfar 5. He eriz' Ma s E. AEBERLI Aug. 9, 1938.

SHAPING MACHINE Filed Jan. 26, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 9, 1938 PATENT OFFICE- SHAPING MACHINE Ernst- Aelierli; Horgen, Switzerland Application January 26, 1935, Serial No. 3,599

In Germany'January 31, 1934- 7' Claims. I

My invention relates r toa shaping machine" and, more particularly, toa machine of: this type adapted to cut gears. V

It iswell known in the art that-the: cutting" 52 tool carried by thdrecipro'catory mm! of the shaping machine must be swung out of contact withthe blank on the return stroke of the ram.

It iscustomary, for thispur-pose, to-mount" the cutter on a holder whichispivot/ally attached 10 to the ram.

An object of my inventioniis the' provision of a shaping machine adapted to be selectively used for cutting gears of: the annular type having interior teeth or gears-of the normal type hav 151mg teeth on their periphery.

It will be readily appreciated that to be selectively so connected with the tool holder that the sameswings either in a dir'ec 30: tion towards or in a directionaway from thel.

ram upon the return stroke of' the 1atter.-

Further objects of my invention will appear from a description of" a. preferred embodiment following hereinafter and the features of novelty 35: will be pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 shows an elevation of: my improved shaping machine, partly in section alongfline I--| of Fig. 3,

being taken alongdineZ-Tofi Fig! 3,

Fig. 3 illustrates a section taken along two different .planes asindicated by line533 'of' Fig 4.5 2, and.

of my invention;

In Fig..1"I have shown: the contouring lines of a shapingmacliineof: aknown type similar? 50; to that disclosed for instance in the Reissue:

Patent No. 14 ,908"to1 M'aag and: adaptedito. pro?- duce a gear: of the annular type"by cuttingl'teeth intothe inner surface of aniannular'blank 300 The object of my invention is the provision" 55x of meanswhich. permit thesame machine .to: be:

the directionof the pivotal movement of the tool required suring the parallel relationship-between-tlie tool and the blank during the working stroke of the ram; toprovide anoscillatory member adapted- Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation -of the mecha-- nism for swinging the tool-carrier, thesection' Fig. 4 is a diagram" illustrating the" function? also used for cutting normal gears, forrinstance a spur-gear indicated in' Fig. 1 in dotted lines. The frame I of the shaping machine is provided with a vertical. guide for a'reciprocatory ram 2 carrying a bracket 3 which constitutes a journal for a horizontal: shaft 4 extending trans-- versely to and in front of the ram 2; The shaft 4* is freely rotatably mounted in two ears of the bracket 3; Intermediate these ears there is pivotally mounted on shaft 4 a tool-carrier In in form of a housingwhich provides a journalfor the depending t'ool-spindlefi. The lower end of. the spindle B which is journalled in a sleeve formed by the housing l projects out of this sleeve and carries the shaping tool 'I in form of a pinion. This pinion serves to cut the interior teeth of the annular blank 30 accordingto the rolling principle. The required rolling motion which causes the pitch-circle of the gearshaped tool i to roll on the pitch-circle of the interior teeth to be cut is produced in a known manner by an operative connection of the shaft l with the rotary work-table 3] having a supporting face for. the work or blank 30extending in angular relation to the movement of theram. As the means for establishing this operative connection do. not form part of my invention, an illustration and description thereof may be dispensed with.

A WOIII1'32 is attached to shaft 4'within the housing i0 and engages a worm-wheel 5 keyed to the upper end of spindle 6. In the operation of the machine, the table 3| is intermittently turned about its vertical axis by the driving motor through a suitable transmission and the spindle 6' is simultaneously rotated at such a speed that the pitch-circle of the cutting pinion 1} rolls along the pitchcircle of the teeth to be cut. While-the blank 3lJ-and thespindle 6 pause in their intermittent movement, the ram 2 is moved downward. During the movement of the ram 2 in the cutting direction, for instance in-the downward di rection, the tool I i'sbrought by a suitable piv-- otal movement of the housing I ll about the shaft 4--'to the operative positionshown in Fig; 1 in which: the-spindle 6 extends in the plane of movement of the ram and in accurate parallel relationship to the: axis of the blank. During the return -stroke of the ram, however, tlie'tool is swung or moved to position to incline in one direction relative to. the plane of movement of ther'am and away from the blank 30 in order tosprevent'; injuryuof the tool by, the intermittentrotary move'mentijofi themtool and blank.

For this purpose, I have devised my novel mechanism illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 which may be so set at the option of the operator that the direction of the pivotal movement of the toolcarrier may be reversed depending on the particular use to which the machine is to be put, that is to say, whether the teeth of gears of the annular type or gears of the normal type are to be cut. I shall now proceed to describe this mechanism assuming that the working stroke of the tool is the downward stroke and the return-stroke the upward stroke.

A vertical rack II is attached to the frame I of the machine and meshes with a gear I2 rigidly attached to a shaft I3. The ends of this shaft are journalled within vertical side-walls of the bracket 3 as indicated in Fig. 3, so that the shaft will be alternately turned in opposite directions during the reciprocatory motion of the ram. On the shaft I3, there is mounted a bushing I4 adapted to be frictionally driven by the shaft through a slip-clutch. This is accomplished by having the shaft formed with a shoulder 33, and the bushing I4 frictionally held in contact therewith by a ring 34 which is slidably mounted on the shaft I3, but suitably secured against relative rotation thereto by a key and is acted upon by a helical spring 35 bearing against a nut 36 carried by a threaded portion of shaft I3.

Moreover, the bracket 3 is formed integral with two lugs 31 and 38 (Fig. 3) embracing a projection 39 of the tool-carrier I8. A horizontal shaft I I is mounted in bores of the lugs 31 and 38. As shown in Fig. 3, the bore of lug 31 is of reduced diameter with regard to that of lug 38. That portion of shaft I! which extends between the lugs 31 and 38 and through the projection 39 forms an eccentric 40. A square block I9 is mounted on the eccentric and is slidably guided between the vertical side-walls 9 of a slot provided in the projection 39 of the tool-holder Ill.

The shaft IT projects beyond the lug 38 to the 'left with reference to Fig. 3 and its free end carries a bushing I6 formed with an ear 4I pivotally'connected by a stud to a toggle-link I5. The other end of this toggle-link is pivotally connlected to an arm 42 integral with the bushing 4.

The shaft I1 is secured in the bushing I6 against rotation by means which permit the .operator to loosen the shaft and to adjust or turn it through 180 about its axis and to fix it again in its adjusted position. For this purpose, the shaft is provided with a hexagonal head 45 adapted to be engaged by a wrench and the shaft has four recesses 43 spaced apartabout the shaft as shown in Fig. 2. The bushing I6 is provided with two tapped bores adapted to receive set screws I8 bearing against the walls of the recesses 43, thus securing shaft I! in the bushing I6 against longitudinal and angular displacement.

After the screws I8,have been unscrewed sufficiently to be withdrawn from the recesses 43,

the shaft may be adjusted or turned throughabout its axis and may then be secured .in its adjusted positionby tightening the screws interchangeable 'spacers 20 and 2I adapted to limit thepivotal movement of the tool-holder 1..

The operation is as follows:

When the ram 2 moves up and down, the shaft I3 turns alternately one way and the other and tends to impart this motion through the slipclutch to the bushing I4, whereby the toggle formed by the arm 42 and the link I5 is alternately straightened as shown in Fig. 2 and collapsed. This will have the effect of rocking the shaft I! in its bearings 31 and 38. The center b of the eccentric 40 turning about the axis a of the shaft II oscillates along an arcuate path extending substantially horizontally at the distance e from the axis a. The rocking motion of the eccentric 48 is imparted to the sliding block I9 mounted thereon which is guided between the walls 9 of the slot provided in the tool-holder I8. Therefore, the tool-holder II] is rocked about shaft 4 within the limits imposed by the spacers 20 and 2I. Owing to this to-and-fro motion of the tool-holder II), the tool-pinion 'I is moved to operative position relative to the blank initially during the operative stroke of the ram and is withdrawn from its operative position at the beginning of the return-stroke of the ram.

The spacers 20 and 2| which determine the amount of the pivotal movement of the toolholder III are so dimensioned that the axis of spindle 6 will be truly perpendicular during the working stroke, that is to say, parallel to the axis of the blank, and that the cutting edges of the tool I are sufiiciently spaced from the blank during the return-stroke of the ram. When the machine is set to perform the Work of cutting inner teeth in an annular blank as shown in Fig. l, and if the machine is so designed as to perform the operative stroke in downward direction, the spacer 20 is so dimensioned that the tool-spindle assumes its perpendicular position when the holder II] bears against the spacer 20.

When the ram 2 starts on its downward stroke, the shaft I'I tends to turn in anti-clockwise direction with reference to Fig. 2 owing to the toggle being straightened and, thereby, pivots the holder I0 until the holder bears against the spacer 28. This will bring the toggle to the position illustrated in Fig. 2 in which it is nearly straightened. An abutment 22 of the bushing I6 adapted to cooperate with the link I5 serves to prevent the toggle from passing through its straightened position.

After the tool-holder III has been brought into contact with the spacer 20, the shaft I1 is prevented from continuing to rotate so that the slip-clutch I4 will slip during the continued rotation of shaft I3. When the parts assume this position, the toggle will lock the tool-holder I0 against a retrograde pivotal movement under the reaction of the cutting pressure of the tool I.

When the working stroke has been finished and the ram starts on its upward stroke, the gear I2 reverses its rotation and takes the bushing I4 along with it in the opposite direction, whereby the toggle collapses and leaves its locking position and rotates the shaft I! in clockwise direction with reference to Fig. 2. Therefore, the tool-holder I0 is pivoted about the shaft 4 towards the right with reference to Fig. 1, until it bears against the spacer 2|. The'thickness of this spacer is less than that of the spacer 2D, the difference in thickness corresponding to the pivotal movement required to withdraw the tool I from its operative position. After the holder I0 has been brought in contact with the spacer 2I, the shaft I! will remain at rest during the continued upward motion of the ram.' The fricl as to perform the cutting stroke upwardly and the return stroke in downward direction. In' this event, the direction of rotation of gear l2 may be reversed by the interposition between tional-force, however, exerted on the shaft ll by the slip-clutch and the toggle will hold thetool holder H1 inits position against the spacer 21 until the subsequent downward strokeoftheram begins. When inner teeth are to be cut, as-illustrated in Fig. 1, the movement of the tool into its operative position isin a direction from the right to 1, the-operator unscrews thescrews l8 and-rotatesthe eccentric shaft 1 1- through 180 and then tightens it in its adjusted position. Moreover,

tion by suitablereleasablemeans not shownin the drawingsv V V 1 ing the spindle 6 in its truly perpendicularposition, when the tool-holder swings into its-right hand end-position with reference to Fig. 1. It

will be noted that, when the tool-spindle 6-as-- sumes its perpendicular position, the tool-holder i0 is spaced equal amounts from the bearing surfaces of the bracket 3 whichcarrythe spacers- 20 and 2!.

The eccentric will now-act in a direction opposite to that when cutting inner' teeth and the spacers will secure the spindle 6" in its verticalposition during the downward stroke. During the upward stroke of theram, the tool is lifted from the blank towards the left withreference to Fig. 1.

If desired, the machine could be arranged gear l2 and rack H- of an intermediarygear, or

the toggle may be so arranged that it will be straightened by the upward motion of the arm The kinematic conditions ofmy'invention are diagrammatically shown in' Fig. 4. It will appear from this. figure that the function of the is so constructed as to per-mitthe selective'connection with the, tool holder Ill either of the point lipos'itioned above the pivotal axis a or of the point h positioned below said pivotal axis. While this selective connection is established in the embodiment described hereinabove by a turn of the eccentric through 180, it is obvious to anyone skilled in the art that the rocking member could be also equipped with two eccentric shafts adapted to be alternatively connected with the tool holder 10.

I wish it to be clearly understood that my invention is not limited to the specific details of the embodiment described hereinabove, but is capable of numerous modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What I claim is: I

1. In a shaping machine, the combination comprising a reciprocatory ram, a tool holder pivoted thereto for movement into and out of operative cutting position relative to a blank and provided with vertical guide-ways, a stationary rack, a rocking member and a gear mounted on said ram, said gear meshing with said rack, a toggle connected to said rocking member, a slip-clutch connecting said toggle to said gear, an eccentric adapted to be optionally connected. to said rock- This will have theeffect of arrest ing member in either onesof two positions, and a sliding block" on said eccentric guided in said vertical guide-ways of said tool holder, whereby the-machine may be set for operation one. blank: positioned on one or the other sideof said tool.

2;.In ashaping machine, aframe arranged witha-Worksupporting table, a ram mountedon' the frame to have reciprocatory movement toward and away from-the work supporting table, atool holder carried by the ram to participate in the reciprocatory movements-thereof relative to the work on-the work' supporting table and to have pivotal movement into and out of operative cutting position relative to the work and ar-' ranged with guideways extending longitudinally thereof, a member mounted onthe ram to haverocking movement, means to transmit rocking movement to said member from and by the reciprocatory movements of the ram, an eccentric; means toconnect the eccentric in either one of two positions with said rocking member to transmit the rocking movement of said member to oscillatory movement of the eccentric, and a block engaged on the eccentric mounted in the guideways of the tool holder to have sliding movement therein, whereby by the connection of the ecentric with the rocking member the tool holder may be set for operation on the work on the work support on oneor the opposite sideof the work.

3. In a shaping machine, a frame arrangedwith a work supporting table, a ram mounted on the frame to have reciprocatory movement toward-and away from the work supporting tableand arranged with opposite abutments, a tool holder carried by said ram to participate in themovement thereof toward and away from the work supporting table and'to havepivotalmovement on an axis transverse of the movement of the ram into and out of operative cutting position relative to the work on'the'work supporting table and arranged with stop faces onoppo site sides thereof in opposed relation to the; abutments of the ram, spacers adapted to be interchangeably and releasably mounted on the abutments for engagement of the stop faces of the tool holder and limit the pivotal'movement, of the tool holder, and means including a toggle operatively connected with the tool holder and operative in synchronism with the reciprocatory movements of the ram to position the tool holder with a stop face thereof in engagement with one spacer during the movement of the ram in one direction and to position with the other stop face thereof in engagement with the other spacer during the movement of the ram in the opposite direction.

4. In a shaping machine, a reciprocatory ram, a tool holder mounted on the ram to participate in the reciprocatory movements thereof and have pivotal movement into and out of operative cutting position, and means to swing 'the tool holder into and out of cutting position and for looking it in operative cutting position, comprising an eccentric rotatably carried by the ram and operatively connected with the tool holder, a fixed rack, a rotatable shaft carried by the ram, a pinion fixed on said shaftmeshing with the rack and thereby adapted to transmit rotative movement in opposite directions to the shaft by the reciprocatory movements of the ram, a toggle including a link pivotally connected with the eccentric and a friction member loose on said shaft, and a friction member rotatable with the shaft and urged into engagement with the friction member of the toggle to couple the shaft with the toggle and thereby the eccentric with the shaft and transmit oscillatory movements to the eccentric by the reciprocatory movements of the ram. a

5. In a shaping machine, a frame having a work supporting table and guideways extending at an angle to the surface of the work supporting table, a ram mounted in the guideways to have reciprocatory movements toward and away from the work supporting table, a tool holder carried by the ram to participate in the movements thereof and have pivotal movement on an axis extending transversely of the movement of the ram and adapted to be moved to position with the tool in operative cutting position during the movement of the ram toward the work on the work supporting table and to position with the tool at either side andout of cutting position during the return movement of the ram, means operative from the movements of the ram to swing the tool holder to and hold it in cutting position during the movement of the ram toward the work supporting table and swing the tool holder to predetermined position with the tool at either side of its cutting position and retain it in said position during the movement of the ram away from the work supporting table, said means including settablemeans for determining the direction of movement of the tool holder to position the tool out of cutting position during the return movement of the ram away from the Work supporting table, whereby to set said means for operation of the tool carried by the tool holder on work positioned on the work supporting table at one or the opposite side of the tool.

6. In a shaping machine, a reciprocatory ram, a bracket fixed on the ram, a tool holder carried by the bracket to participate in the reciprocatory movements of the ram and have movement on an axis extending transversely of the movement of the ram, spacers adapted to be interchangeably mounted on the bracket at opposite sides of the tool holder to be engaged by and limit the pivotal movements of the tool holder and the tool into and out of cutting positions, and means adapted to be connected in either one of two positions to the ram and actuated from the movements of the ram, said means in one of its con nections with the ram and in one position of the spacers being operative to engage the tool holder with one spacer and position the tool holder with the tool in cutting position during the movement of the ram in one direction and engage the tool holder with the other of said spacers and position the tool holder to incline in one direction relative to the plane of movement of the ram and the cutter out of cutting position during'the movement of the ram in'the opposite direction, and said means in the other connection thereof with the ram and in the other position of the spacers being operative to engage the tool holder with one spacer and position the tool holder with the tool in cutting position during the movement of the ram in one direction and engage the tool holder with the other spacer and position the tool holder to incline in the opposite direction relative to the plane of movement of the ram with the tool out of cutting position during the movement of the ram in the opposite direction.

7. In a shaping machine, a reciprocatory ram, a bracket fixed on the ram, a holder mounted on said bracket to participate in the movement of the ram and have pivotal movement on an axis extending transversely of the movement of the ram, a cutter carrying spindle journaled in said holder to rotate on an axis extending parallelly of the movement of the ram, spacers adapted to be interchangeably mounted on the bracket at opposite sides of the holder, one of said spacers being adapted for engagement of the holder to limit the pivotal movements of the holder to position the cutter carrying spindle with the cutter in operative and out of cutting positions, means connected to and operative from the movements of the ram to move the holder into and hold it in engagement with one spacer and the cutter carrying spindle with the cutter in operative cutting position by and during the movement of the ram in one direction, and to move the holder laterally into and hold it in engagement with the other spacer and the cutter carrying spindle with the cutter out of cutting position by and during the movement of the ram in the opposite direction, and means to connect said latter means in one of two positions with the ram and predetermine the direction of movement of the holder to position the holder and cutter carrying spindle with the cutter out of cutting position at one or the opposite side of the cutting position of the cutter.

ERNST AEBERLI.

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