US2193550A - Prefabricated building - Google Patents

Description

Mmh 12,1940.

T. H. COE, JR

PREFABRICATED .BUILDING Filed April 1, 193,7 ls sheets-sheet 1 A March l2, 1940.

T. H. covE. JR PREFABRI'ACATED BUILDING Filed April 1. 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 'I4 A Ifhll 11.0.00..."

All 00 l ,47- TO/PA/Ey March l2, 1940.

T. H. COE. JR

PREFABRICATED BUILDING Filed April l, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 4T TOP/WSV March 12, 1940. 2,193,550

,T. H. COE.' JR

PREFABRICATED BUILDING "5 sheets-sheet 4 Fil-edV April 1. 1937 Tf HQ coE. `.JR

PREFABRICATED BUILDING Flled Aprll l, 1937 Mmh 12,'1940.

Patented Mar. 12, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE PnEFABnioA'ran BUILnmG Thomas H. Coe, Jr., Hartford, Conn. Application April 1, 1937, Serial No. 134,372 f 17 Claims.

My invention relates to prefabricated buildings. It has among its objects to provide an improved building Xof the general type described and claimediin my copending application Serial No.

. 15 forming the outer structure, it is made possible materially to reduce the cost of the panels and the building and facilitate the erection of the latter, while continuing to obtain the desired thermal characteristics and other advantages of my 9,0 panels heretofore, described and. claimed. Still another object of my invention is to provide such improved panel members l-aving improved connecting members adapted to form a part of the panel unit as shipped from .the factory, and adapted to protect the edges ofthe panel units 25 during shipment, and to be readily connected to like members on adjacent panel units during erection to form the connecting means between adjacent units. Still 4another object of my in vention is to provide an improved frame having such improved connecting means adapted to form improvedintermediate studs and to cooperate in an-improved manner with corner studs and improved sill, plate, and roof carrying members, whereby the several panels may bev united intovan improved wall or roof structure very simply and expeditiously. Still other objects ofl my invention are to provide such Aimproved panel units adapted to carry usual closure means such, for example, as windows, therein, andto provide such closure carrying units adapted to be readily conv nected to the adjacent units and in the frame structure. Still Aanother object of my invention is to provide an improved construction having the advantages set .forth and also adapted to permit a panel or panels to be removed and replaced with facility whenever desired. 'Ihese and other objects and advantages of my improved construction will, `however,'hereinafter more fully appear.

'In theaccom'panying drawings I have shown for purposes of illustration one embodiment which my invention may assume in practice..

Inl these drawingsg Figure 1 is a perspective view of a-cornerof a 55 building constructed in accordance with my improvements, portions being broken away to facilitate illustration;

Fig."2 is a perspective view of a corner of the building, certain portions being broken away 'to o facilitate illustration and a plurality of panels-A panels, such aswindow or door panels, generally (ci. z -2)- and portions 'of the frame, foundation, door, and

a basement ceiling being shown in section on line 2--2 of Figure 1;

' Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a panel and associated half stud members on opposite sides thereof in the spaced relation which they assume during assembly on an adjacent completed wall portion which is shown in section;

Fig. 4 is a detail `similar to Figure 3, showing a panel and associated half stud members as `assembled readyfor shipment; A

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of one upper corner of the panel member shown in Figure 3;

. Fig. 6 is a, perspective view partially in section showing the connection of the upper ,ends of two lowerpanels to the frame, the frame and an i' upper panel being shown in section;

Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view through a panel member, a portion being broken away facilitate illustration; f 2o Fig. 8 is Ia transverse sectional view showing a lpanel member with its as sociatedxstud portion about to be connected to a cooperating stud portion; j

"Fig. 9.is a like view showing the partsconnected; 25

Fig. 10 is a sectional view substantially on line IIB- i6 of Figure 1;

Fig. il is a perspective view from the inside, showing the frame structure from the foundation up through vthe plate on the second story, cer- 30 tain vportions being broken away to facilitate ile lustration and the panels and certain other parts also being omitted for this reason;

Fig. v12 is a detail sectional view showing the frame and panel unit structure carrying a window, the latter being shown in section on line i l2-I2 of Figure 1 and certain parts of the panels being broken away to facilitate illustration;

Fig. 13 is a transverse sectional View through a Window and frame therefor, the section being taken on line IIS-i3 of Figure' 1;

. Fig. 14 isa sectional View of the roof structurel lcomprising connected panels, and its connection to the plate, portions of the upper -plate and of an adjacent lower panel and a roof panel, also 35 being shown in section, and

Fig. 15 is a sectional detail view showing the connection of one of the panel reenforcing rods to its stud.

In this illustrative construction, I have shown indicated at B, gableend panels generally indi" cated at C, and roof panels generally indicatedv at D; these several panels being. improved and operatively connected throughfimproved conmi.

necting'means cooperating to form a part of the -frame of the building, as hereinafter described.

Thus, each ofthe same presents the inner and Y outer wall of the building and comprises an outer sheet or face I and an inner sheet or face 2, preferably formed of suitable sheet metal, such as steel or aluminum. Each of these panels A is also of the general hollow heat and sound insulating internal construction previously described, whereby the panel, while being light and relatively thin, has the desired thermal and soundproofing characteristics, although the internal construction of the panel per seis improved'as hereinafter appears. Also, as regards their external construction, it is to be noted that the panels A distinguish from the panels of my prior construction in havingeach of the faces I and 2 of substantially the same size and in having no channel and seal along its top edge and no extension and seal on the front bottom edge- Instead, the panels A have at tops and have their hollow interiors sealed oil' at the top, by a at plate 3, while they also have a substantially flat bottom sealed oi by a flat plate 4, and are provided with only a short'downward'extension at their outer edges; However, each vertical edge of each panel A is similarly sealed off by a plate 6 having flanges cooperating with protruding edge portions 1 and 8of the plates I and 2 to provide a channel aperture along each vertical edge of each panel. ,Thus,' it will be evident that a plurality of such panel units A may be connected to form the wall of either the first or any subsequent story, with most of the wall formed from these so-called standard panels A and with the latter usable interchangeably save where doors and windows are desired, the sev` eral panels being mounted in a frame and connected by improved means hereinafter described.

Referring more particularly to the lower floor, it will be noted that, as shown in Figs. 2 and 11, the same is carried on a suitable foundation 9 having amarginal timbering I0 suitably fixed thereto and carrying the ends of floor carrying beams II of suitable construction. As illustrated, the intermediate beams II include light outer skeleton type metal channels Ila spaced apart by and connected to a plurality of wooden spacing and connecting cellar ceiling nailing strips I Ib at their bottom, and a single such floor nailing strip IIc at their top. Further, along the portion of the foundation parallel to the beams, it will be noted that an'inwardly directed channel I2 is providedl along the outer edge of the marginal timber Il), and that adjacent the latter, the outer beam II is of single construction, as distinguished from the double construction above described, comprising a single channel I Ia opening toward the interior of the building and carrying on its top and bottom edges, 'floor andcellar ceiling nailing strips IId and IIe. It will further be noted that supported on the endsA of the beams II and -along the outer channels-l2, 4are sill members I3l which carry the several studs and the rst fioor panels, and that a suitable -wooden oor I4 is carried transversely on the beams II in marginally spaced relation to those sill members I3, and lnailed to the floor nailing strips I Ic, Hd. Also, cellar ceiling forming members I5, preferably in the form of insulating boards such as sheet rock or the like, are fixed `to the nailing strips IIb, Ile; the same herein in Fig. 2 being also shown to be enclosed in sheet metal members I6 having longitudinal' edge flanges I'I extending up outside the nailing strips IIe and between the nailing strips IIb.

In referring more particularly to the mounting of the panels to form a. wall on the sill members I3, reference is had to Figure 2. Assuming that a corner stud I8 has-been suitably positioned, it will be .evident that the wall may be built therefrom in either direction by erecting the panels A one after the other with their intermediate and connecting stud structures. Here, it will be noted that each panel A is provided within the channel shaped edge thereof, heretostud I8, as by screws 22, it is possible for a panel A to be slipped over the stud I9a shown in Figure 2, in such manner that the portion 2l slides over the outerface of the stud I9a and is snapped into and sealed in embedded position in the material 20, 'th'e panel A thereby being securely gripped to the half stud I9a throughout the length of the panel and stud by this portion 2|.

The opposite vertical edge of the panel A being provided witha like channel portion and also carrying a like but oppositely disposed half stud I9 in this channel portion, it will be evident that when the half ystud I9 is suitably connected to the sill at its bottom, as through an angle plate 23 suitably fixed by screws 24 to the sill I3 (Figure 8), and is also connected to the stud I9 by a screw 25, the rst panel A will be connectedin upright position in the wall. Also, the second panel unit A may then be very readily connected thereto by attaching its half stud I9a to the half stud I9 by the screws 22 and then simply sliding the U-shaped edge of this second unit A over the exposed half stud I9a until the spring portion 2| on this second panel unit snaps into the yielding material 20 provided therefor on the half stud I9a (see Figs. 8 and 9). Attention is further directed to the fact that due to the projection of each strip of the material 20 beyond the adjacent side of its half stud. the bringing together of the two' half studs, compresses this material in such manner as to provide an effective watertight seal between the studs, which extends along the entire height thereof, and thereby provide an effectual seal between the panels, while the strip 20 on the adjacent half stud I9a forms a similar seal along the corner stud I8.

, Obviously, this process may be repeated around the wall as necessary to erect the iirst story wall on the sill, with closure carrying units B, hereafter described, inserted where desired, the outer and inner plates I, 2 of the several units thenv forming the outer and inner surfaces of the nished wall. Further, it will be noted that I preferably provide outer corner boards 26 at the corners, which are suitably fixed to the corner studs I8 and have their edges overlying the adjacent resilient portions 2l 'on the outer face of the panel. Moreover, it will be observed that, preferably before the panels A are put in position, I also place on the outside of the sill a drip board 21 extending to adjacent the top of -the sill members I3 and provided with a Areduced upper edge 28,

over which the lower extension' 5 on the panel A is adapted to be disposed and also with a sloping portion 29 forming'a water table.

'Ihe panels A are each preferably shipped with half studs I9, I9a disposed in the opposite channelled vertical edges thereof, as shown in Fig. 4,

`so that these half studs serve to prevent damage erecting, all that it is necessary to do is to connect these angles 23 to the sill I3 in their desired positions by screws 24.. Further, I preferably provide a similar angle for connection at the top of the iirst story, as hereinafter described, this angle 23a. being carried on the upper end of the half studs I9.

On the upper ends of the tier of first story panels A, a second story supporting structure is provided including members I 3a corresponding to the sill members I3 and similarly disposed relative to and fixed to the corner studs I8. Herein,

` this structure includes wooden joists of single and double construction, generally corresponding to the beams II, and a parallel marginal member 36, corresponding to the channel I2, as well as a marginal member 31 disposed transversely across the ends of the joists, the members 36 and-31 also being fixed to the corner studs I8. Here also it will be noted that the double joists 35, as shown at the left in Figure 11, are provided with extensions 35a supported on down turned angle plates i 23a overlying the endsA of studs comprising connected half stud members I 9, I9a. Each member 36 is similarly supported on its studs I9, I9a on a like plate 23a, with, if desired, as shown in Figure 6, a layer 36a of quilting or the like, underlying the bottom edge of the member 36 and between the same and the upper flat end 3 on. the panel members A. Further, each single joist 35 adjacentthe marginal member 36 is of such cross section as to provide space for an angle clip 39 to be likewise supported on the end of its supporting stud I9, I9a; this angle clip being preferably suitably connected to the side of the single joist 35 adjacent the member 36. Also, the outerends of all of the joists 35 are connectedto the transversely disposed members 31 which, with the membersrSE, in turn carry the members I3a. Here it will also be understood that the top plates 23a on the rst oor panel studs are suitably con-- Vnected, through connections 23h, to the members 31 and joists 35 and to the members 36 and angle plates 39, in such manner as to position the rst story panels A in the frame thus formed; lag screws being used to connect .the studs to the members 31 and double joists 35 and to the-member 36,- and bolt and nut connections being used to connect the sameeto theangle plate 39.

Thus it will be evident that, with the corner stud I8 projecting above the members I3q, the second story wall comprising the several connected half studs I9,A I9a and-panels A,'may be erected in the same manner as previously described in connection with the rst storywal-l. Further, it

will be noted that a suitable floor 40, correspondwise preferably encased in anged metal members 42, corresponding to the metal members I6, provide the ceiling for the rst story.

While not limited to two stories, I have herein shown such a construction, the plate being carried above the second tier of panels A. Here, the construction is essentially similar to that described in connection with the second oor, including like members 36, 31 and 35 and carrying plate members I3b, corresponding generally to the members I3, I3a previously described. Here also, it will be understood that the second story tier of panels A is disposed as previously described, and that their stud members I9, Illa are connected at their upper and lower` ends in a like manner to the members I3a, and the upper members 35, 36 and 31. Obviously, if desired, a like ceiling and iloor (not shown) may also be supported on the joists as heretofore described. Note here also that drip boards 43, 44 are provided outside the bottom and top members 36, which correspond generally to the drip boards 21 but which have a', cutout overhang 45 on their lower edges protruding downward outside the upper edge of the panels Ain the rst and secdescribed, but between the members I 3b and suitable inclined frame members leading to and suitably connected at the peak and otherwise corresponding to the connecting means forthe upper ends of the studs heretofore described. Also, as

shown, drip boards 49, corresponding to the board 44 are provided along the upper edges of these inclined frame members and the panels C, these boards 49 being adapted to be disposed under the overhang of the roof hereafter described.

In Figure 14, I have shown an ,improved roof structure supported on the plate members I 3b,

likewise comprising panels D of theY same general constructionas the panels A heretofore described,4

but having the plates I thereof forming the outer roof surface. Here, however, the half members` I9, I9a thereof are joined together to form theI rafters of the roof instead of studs as heretofore.

If desired, the rafters thus formed; orthe inner metal plates adjacent the panels D, are suitably xed, as by screws orwelding, to the upper/inclined ends of angle plates 46 having their lower` ends suitably xed to the outside surfaces of the members I3b, 36, 31; this connection being so located as to provide any suitable desired overhang at the eaves. Here it will also be understood that the opposite ends of the rafters thus formed, are supported in Aany usual manner at the peak of the .roof and that a structure corresponding to members I3b and 36, but disposed at. the desired angle, above the panels D.' is also provided and connected at the peak in any suitable manner. Further, itwill be noted that in this construction, any suitable finishingpiece 41 may be disposed along the eaves, and understood, that, if desired, an extension 48, correspondingto the extension 5 heretofore described but longer, may be provided on the panels D to increase the overhang as desired. .f y Referring to the closure carrying panels B, it

will be understood that these may carry closures in the form of either doors or windows and be disposed at any selected points in any of tiers of panels A or C. These closure panels B, of which a Window panel is shown in detail in Figures 12 and 13, include in addition tohalf studs I9, I9a heretofore described, spaced header pieces 50 at the bottom and top, generally indicated at 5I, which header pieces correspond generally'to the members I3, I3a heretofore described. Further, it will be noted that the bottom header 50 in the illustrated window panel B, is space'd from the bottom member I3, and understood that the upper header 50 is similarly spaced from the members 36 and 31, in such manner as to receive short lower and upper panels, otherwise corresponding in construction to the panels A heretofore described, but spaced by the closure frame 5|. Here, it will also be noted that the headers 50 are connected to the half studs I9a by angle plates 52 having portions underlying the headers. It will also be understood that, if desired, suitable uilting 53, corresponding to the quilting 36a, may be provided between the horizontal portions of the angle plates 52 or the headers 50, and the flat upper edgesv 3 of the short lower andv upper panel portions.

While the internal structure of the several.

\ and the fiat top and bottom sealing plates 3 and 4,

inside spaced plates 60, 6I corresponding to those shown in my prior application and encasing suitable insulating means 60',- 6I, such as boards or loose insulating material such, for example, as

rock wool or the like; of which the means 60' is disposed between the plate 60 and the outer plate I, while the means 6I is disposed between the plate 6I and the inner plate 2. However, herein,

this insulating material is coextensive with the' like sized plates I and 2, and the means 60' and 6 I are each of the same size, enabling a standard insulating board to be used in. either face of the panel. Herein, also the plates 60 and 6I are provided with bright, as distinguished from polished,

reflective inner surfaces, and it will also be noted that thlese plates are internally connected, as by welding, to improved closely spaced horizontal connecting members 6,2, referably formed of metal of relatively low h`eat conductivity, such as nickel steel. vEach of these members 62 is also provided with a series of spaced vertically opening, herein round, centrally located holes 63 Aextending close to each side marginof the member 62 (Figure 2 and Figure 7). These holes 63 are so disposed that any air circulation set up in any 'of thelperimposed chambers 64 thus formed above and below the members 62, tends to take the path shown by the arrows in Figure '7, and, accordingly, to bring any owing currents of air into conflict as they pass through the openings 63. Thus, it will be noted that the hotter air, i. e. that more closely adjacent the insidel plate 2, will tend to pass upward as illustrated, while the colder air, more closely adjacent the outer plate I, will tend to pass downward, while both flows will tend to passthrough the opening 63,1in such manner as thereby to produce a conict or turbulence, and cut down the circulation of the air in the panel and transfer of heat by convection, and, accordl contact therewith. Further, it will be noted that, herein, the plate 60 has its upper end bent later' ally outwardly inside the plate 3, while its lower end is similarly bent laterally outwardly inside the plate 4, and then bent downward between extensions on the plates I and 4 which cooperate to form the depending extension 5. Further, the plate 6I is generally similarv to the plate 60 as regards the lateral extensions at the top and bottom. Here, attention is also directed to the fact that, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the members 60, 6I are provided with angular flange portions 65' along their vertical edges which are preferably spaced apart by U-shaped members 6. The outer arms 66 of these members 6I! extend to the edge of the member 6 terminating just inside the flexible portion 1 carrying the snap portion 2I, while the inner arms 61 of member 6I terminate short of the edge of the member 2 and the latter is turned back inwardly as shown. `As a result of the above construction, it made possible to assemble this improved forni of panel very readily and inexpensively, and to seal and connect the parts quickly and conveniently by welding along the peripheral overlapped portions thereof. Here, also it will be evident that, as heretofore described, the lplate 2 may be soshaped at its bottom as to form a base board 68, if desired, an additional insulating portion 60" then being also disposed therein.

As a result of a panel of the improved construc- .tion described, it is not only possible to obtain the advantages thereof heretofore set forth, but further through the provision of the improved spacing members 62 having the centrally located aperture 63 therein, to connect these panels to the studs and frame in an improved manner while substantially reenforcing both the panels and frame. More particularly, it will be noted that as shown, for example, at a -corner in Figs. 1, 2 and 15, I preferably provide reenforcing rods 10 which extend diagonally through the adjacent panels and certain openings 63 in the members 62 therein and have bent ends 1I extending laterally through the edge members 6 of the panels and the half stud members I9, I9a at the opposite edges thereof and the top and bottom of the panel. Also, each end 1I is extended through the 4adjacent stud and connected in a suitable countersink 12 therein -bya nut 13. Also, a shoulder 14, or nut if desired, is preferably provided on the end 1I. and engages the inside of the edge member 6, while a spacer 15 is disposed in the portion 1I between the stud I9 and the edge member 6. Attention here is further directed to the fact that they may be used on .all the panels or only the corner panels, as shown in Fig. 1.- Further, while their arrangement may be variedwhen used at a corner, the lower ends aieasoo rods are preferably incorporated in the several' panels during assembly of the latter, and that, when thus incorporated therein, they further serve toconnect the panels and their half studs into a unit during shipment and to facilitate connection, of the several units during the erection of the wall.

It will be understood that instead of utilizing steel or aluminum in making up the panel, I may use other metals or other materials than metal if desired, such for example as resin or other compositions adapted to be molded or otherwise formed into the desired shapes. However, metals such as steel or aluminum are preferred on account of the present expense of other materials. Moreover, it will be understood that, if desired, I may provide the bright surface on the inside walls of the cchamber 64 by suitably coating or plating these walls with suitable materials, such for example a's zinc or aluminum. Further, when assembling the panels, it is desirable that the air therein should be substantially dehydrated to avoid subsequent diiiiculties with condensation. Careful sealing of the panels is also desi able to minimize circulationvwithin the samel Y have shown rafter members as made of wood, I 'contemplate' -which circulation is Attention further is further minimized in my improved construction l y the conict in flow occurring inthe openings 63.

It will further be understood that, while I my improved -half stud and half the use of such members of'any other suitable material, as steel or the like,.and the use of the same in usual .channel or other light form usual in metal construction. Also, I contemplatethe use of a metal frame where desired, as distinguished from the illustrative wood frame.

Attention is directedto the fact that in my improved construction, provision is made for insuring a weather-proof outer wall surface while at the same time enabling the several panels to be of minimum thickness and to have the `desired heat, cold and soundinsulating qualities. directed to the finished and attractive appearance of both the outer and inner wall surface provided. It will also be evident that only a relatively simple and inexpensive frame is required other than the panels and the sectional frame members carried ,in the channels thereof, while it will'be apparent that the entire wall .and roof structure may -be very quickly erected as these supplementary frame members and panels are successively connected in place. Attention is also directed to the fact that, when desired, erection ending at a Window or door, one or more panel units may be readily removed by starting at a window or door, as by taking out the window frame which will expose the bolts 52 andk also permit the removal These and otheradvantages of my improved c'onof lag screws 22, etc.

struction will, however, those skilled in the art.

be clearly apparent to While I have in this application specifically de-f scribed one form which my invention may\as sume in practice, it will be understood that this form is shown for purposes of illustration and that the invention may`be modified and embodied in other forms without departing from its 'spirit or the scopeof the appendedclaims.

What I claim as Letters Patent is:

new and desire to secure by' frame members also being connected to said framen to form supplementary frame members between adjacent units. 2. In a prefabricated building, a frame, and

a wall structure thereon comprising a plurality 15l of prefabricated wall forming units each com-y prising a panel member having channel forming flanges extending longitudinally along its side ledgesand sectional stud members receivable in said channels upon relativev lateral movement 2l of said panel and stud members and connected together and to said frame to position adjacent panell members. l

3. In a prefabricatedbuilding, a frame, and roof structure thereon comprising a plurality of 25 prefabricated roof forming panel units each compri'slng a panel member having spaced channel forming flanges extending longitudinally along its side edges and sectional frame members receive able between 'said flanges upon relative lateral 30 movement of said panel nit and frame members, adjacent frame members being connected together and to said frame to form rafters between adjacent units. l

4. A prefabricated panel unit for-forming an 35 outer building surface comprising a -closed panel member having a closed edge inhibiting access to the interior of the panel unit, and cooperating frame member receiving channel formingmeans along said edge thereof, a frame member dis- 40 posed in and reenforcing said means, and connecting and sealing means between said receiving means and frame member snapping together to form a unit upon relative lateral movement of said panel member and frame member.` '15. A prefabricated panel unit for forming an outer building Asurface comprising a closed panel member having closed edges inhibiting access to the interior of the panel unit, and frame niemberreceiving channel forming flanges along opposite edges thereof, frame members disposed in and reenforcing said anges, and connecting means extending through opposite closed side edges of said panel member and through the frame members on opposite edges thereof forming a' unit of said members upon relativel lateral movement of said panel member and frame members. f v6,-A ,prefabricated wall forming panel unit comprising a closed panel memberhaving closed edges inhibiting access to the interior of the panel unit, and frame member receiving channel forming anges along opposite edges thereof, frame members vdisposed in and re'enforcing said flanges. and connectingmeans extendingv through opposite closed side edges of said panel member and throughsaid frame members on opposite' edges thereof forming a unit of said members upon relative lateralfmovement of said panelV member and frame members including a diag-,V onally disposed member having lateral extensions protrudingv through opposite ends of diiferent frame members. y '7. A n.prefabricated wall forming panel unit 8. A prefabricated wall forming panel unit comprising a closed panel member having outer spaced face portions and an enclosed portiontherebetween sealed around its edges to form a. completely closed unit, and spacing means in said enclosed portion comprising a plurality of vertically spaced and vertically apertured transversely disposed spacing members, said spacing members having ai, series of centrally located apertures therein midway between said outer face portions, and said spacing members dividing said enclosed portion into a series of parallel compartments having no communication with the atmosphere and communicating with each other only through said apertures. e'

9. A prefabricated wall forming panel unit comprising a closed panel member having outer spaced face portions and an enclosed portion therebetween sealed around its edges t'o form a completely closed unit, and spacing means in said enclosed portion comprising a plurality of vertically spaced and vertically apertured transversely disposed spacing members, s aid spacing members having a series of centrally located apertures thereinand midway between said outer face portions, said spacing members dividing said enclosed portion into a series of parallel compartments, having no communication withthe atmosphere and communicating with each other only through said apertures, and said apertures being so disposed as to create turbulence while passing therethrough convection air currents moving oppositely along opposite outer walls of said enclosed portion. v

10. In a prefabricated building, a wall frame including upper and lower plate andsill members, aplurality of wall panels in the space lbetween said members having inner and outer wall surface forming sheets' continuous from said plate member to said sill member and marginal means connecting said sheets in spaced relation, said sheets extending beyond said connecting means at the sides of the panels to form stud receiving channels, and sectional studs located in the confronting chlnnels of adjacent panels comprising detachably connected sections, one of which isxed at its upper end to said plate member and at its lower end to said sill member.

11. In a 'preiabricated building, a frame lncluding cornerand intermediate studs and cooperating transverse members presentirlg panel apertures at opposite sides of said corner stud,A

closed hollow panel members having closed opposite vertical edges extending between said transverse members, and reenforcing members extending diagonally through the closed vertical edges of said panel members and connected to said corner stud and lto adjacentl intermediate studs.

l2. A prefabricated wall forming panel unit comprising a closed panel member having transverse closed top and bottom edges and oppositely disposed sets of channel forming anges along vand cooperating sealing means on a ange on each panel member and on each half frame member engageable upon movement of said members along the line of the outer structure.

14. In a prefabricated building, an outer structure including a frame, a panel member, \co

operating building frame members including a member iixed to said frame, one of said frame members being laterally movable relative to said panel member and positioning said panel member, and the other frame member being connected to said positioning member, and a cooperating panel member positioned lby said other frame member upon lateral movement of said cooperating panel member relative to said frame member.

15. In a prefabricated building, an outer structure including a panel member having a spaced set of anges along an edge thereof, cooperating building frame members, one received between said anges and the other connected to said first mentioned frame member, and a cooperating panel member having a like set of flanges receiving said second mentioned frame member, and a snapconnection between each panel member and the frame member received therein connectible on relative lateral movement along the line of l the building.

16. In a prefabricated building, a wall frame" including a plurality of abutting vframe members xed relative to said frame and to one another, panel members forming the inner and outer wall surfaces and each having a flanged edge enclosing one of said frame members, and sealing means between one of the flanges on each of said panel members and the frame member received therein` including resiliently connected flange portions and cooperating resilient portions carried by said frame members, said resiliently connected flange portions being embedded in said cooperating resilient portions and the latter normally protruding beyond adjacent edges of said frame members and being compressed in the abutting position thereof. i

1'7.v In a prefabricated building, a frame comprising corner studs and transverse` connecting plate and sill members, a sectional stud connect- ,ed to each corner stud, connected sectional studs between said transverse'members cooperating therewith and ,with said studs to present a plu' rality of panel apertures,A and panel members in said apertures having inner and outer wall forming surfaces which are continuous between said transverse connecting members, said panel members and studs being' assembled by relative lateral movement therebetween.

THOMAS H. COE, JR.

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