US2186596A - Gyratory crusher - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 9, 1940. .1. H. SPOHN, JR

GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed April 17, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. Jo/v'n H. 5,00/7/7 Jr BY (2 ATTORNEY.

Jan. 9, 1940. .1. H. SPOHN, JR

GYRAIORY CRUSHER Filed April 17, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. Job/7 '/7( 5 00/20 J/T W M A TTORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet' 5 I 1 I w Jan. 9, 1940. .1. H. SPOHN,JR

GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed April 17, 1956 F'IE'5 E Jan. 9, 1940. J. H. SPOHN, JR

GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed April 17, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. 9, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 3 Claims.

This invention relates generally to machines of the type commonly known as gyratory crushers, which are used for the crushing or grinding of ore and like solids. Such machines make use 5 of a gyrating pestle disposed with a stationary bowl.

Various objects of the invention can be outlined as follows: To provide a machine capable of crushing ores to a relatively high degree of 10 fineness, as distinguished from preliminary or coarse crushing operations; to extend the latitude of sizes of material which such machines can handle; to facilitate the downward movement of material between the opposed surfaces of the pestle and the bowl; to simplify cleaning of the bowl and the pestle; and to provide a machine particularly useful for assay purposes.

Additional objects of the invention will appear from the following description, in which certain U. embodiments of the invention. have been described in detail, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, in cross sec- 35 tion, illustrating a g'yratory provided with a top drive, incorporating the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional detail taken along the .0 line 3-3 of Fi 1.

Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of the pestle, incorporated in the machine of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view, partly in crosssection, illustrating a modified form of sectional a bowl, which can be used in place of the bowl illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 6-6 of Fig. 5, and showing a portion of a pestle disposed within the bowl.

( Fig. 'l is a cross sectional view taken along the line 1-1 of Fig. 5, and also showing the pestle incorporated in Fig, 6.

Fig. 8 is a side elevational view, partly in cross section, illustrating a modified form of machine 45 having a bottom drive, and incorporating an attrition mill in addition to the parts forming a gyratory crusher.

Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 9-9 of Fig. 8. v

50 Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view taken along the line iii-l0 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view, in cross section, illustrating a further modified form of the machine, in which a spindle extends through the 65 pestle, for driving a supplemental attrition mill.

Fig. 12 is a cross sectional view taken along the line l2-l2 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a cross sectional view taken along the line I3-i3 of Fig. 12;

Referring first to that form of the invention illustrated. in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the machine consists of a stationary bowl iii, in conjunction with a pestle II. The upper end portion l2 of the pestle is of reduced diameter, and is journalled within an eccentric bushing l8. This bushing is in turn carried by the journal bracket II, and is fixed to'the drive pulley IS. The lower end of the pestle ll carriesa stub shaft ll of reduced diameter, which is concentric with the axis of the pestle. This stubgshaft is in turn carried by a casting i8, which is secured to the lower end of the bowl l0. Casting l8 isprovided with openings IQ, for the discharge of crushed material. It will be evident that when the drive pulley it, together with bushing I3, is rotated, the upper end of the pestle is caused to gyrate through a circular path, about the main central vertical axis of the machine, and that while the stub shaft l'l permits such gyratory movement, it serves to retain the lower end of the pestle substantially aligned with the vertical axis.

- The lower portion of the bowl, as for example that part within the vertical limits indicated by letter A, are formed symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis of the machine. In other words the surfaces 2 la 01 this portion of the bowl, upon which the ore is ground, are circular in transverse cross section, and are concentric with respect to the. vertical axis. On the other hand, the upper portion of the bowl, through vertical limits such as exemplified by letter B, are non symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis of the machine. This is because one side wall portion Ilia is flared laterally to provide an enlarged opening or mouth 22, for receiving the material to be crushed or ground.

In order to insure proper continuous downward movement .of the material being ground, during operation of the machine, the machine of Fig. 1 is shown having its pestle provided with projecting ribs 23. Instead of having these ribs extend in planes coincident with the axis of the pestle, they are disposed in a generally helicoidalfashion as illustrated, and are arranged at circumferentially spaced intervals about the pestle. The lower portion 24, or collar of the pestle, can-be made as a separate part, secured to the main body of the pestle by suitable means, such as by welding. Since this collar forms the lower extremity of the pestle it is suitably dimensioned ll so that the clearance between it and the adjaof the fineness desired. Ribs 23 can be' extended over the surface of collar 24, as illustrated.

The contours of the pestle and of the cooperating inner surfaces of the bowl, are proportioned in accordance with the type of crushing or grinding desired. As illustrated the pestle has a maximum diameter within the limits of the symmetrical portion of the bowl. Above the plane of maximum diameter the pestle gradually decreases in diameter, and likewise it gradually decreases in diameter towards its lower end. On horizontal planes taken through the machine at various elevations, opposed crushing surfaces 4 which engage the material passing through the machine, assume various angles with respect to each other. Such angles as measured only in a vertical plane, coincident with the central axis of the machine, can be termed angles of nip. By inspecting either half of Fig. 1, it will be evident that the angles of the nip are relatively small at the upper end of the machine, that they gradually increase downwardly, and again decrease to a relatively small value about the lower portion of the pestle. Proportioningthe angle of nip in this manner tends to more effectively cause downward movement of the material being crushed, thereby enabling the machine to operate at maximum capacity. It should also be noted that the bowl, as shown in Fig. 1, is undercut a slight amount. Thus for a region near the largest diameter of the pestle, the inner surfaces of the bowl are contoured to'diameters larger than the zone immediately above the same. Such undercutting serves to maintain the pestle in its lowermost position, without the use of special retaining means.

Because of the shaping of the pestle, the area displaced by the gyrating pestle is less near the top of the machine, greatest at the plane of largest diameter, and again less near the lower end of the pestle.

Operation of the machine described above can now be reviewed as follows: Drive pulley I3 is driven at a suitable speed, to move the upper end of the pestle through a circular path about the central axis of the machine. Material to be crushed, which may vary as to size and which may be wet or dry, is introduced into the mouth 22 of the bowl. Some preliminary crushing takes place within the mouth of the bowl, particularly with respect to the larger sizes, and some of the material progresses about the pestle, while another portion of the material immediately feeds downwardly towards the large diameter of the pestle. As the pestle operates upon the material, it rotates about its own axis, in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the fly wheel l6. Such rotation of the pestle about its own axis causes the veins 23 to act upon the material to urge it downwardly, and to minimize any tendency for the material to clog or pack. Before the crushed material can pass out of the machine, it must be of proper fineness to pass the collar 24.

It should be understood that the ribs 23 need not be continuous for their entire extent.- In fact satisfactory results have been obtained by using studs 26, such as shown in Fig. 4. Such studs can be arranged in spaced rows which are disposed helicoidally, as illustrated. In such event the collar 24 can be provided with ribs 27, serving as extensions of the rows of studs 26.

For many purposes, as for example assay operations, it is desirable to provide a construction enabling quick removal of the bowl for cleaning. In the modification of Figs. 5 to '7 inclusive, this is made possible by splitting the bowl on a vertical plane, and by providing a hinged mounting, whereby the two sections'of the bowl can be swung away from the pestle. Thus a frame 28 is provided, which includes a base 29, and rigid spaced uprights 3|. The bowl 32..is formed of two side sections 3211 and 32b. These sections have hinge connections 33 with one of the uprights 3|, whereby they may be swung on a vertical axis. For releasably clamping the bowl sections to the uprights 3|, removable clamp bolts 34 are provided, which extend through flanges formed on the'bowl sections, and through "the uprights 3|. The journal bracket 36, for the upper end of the pestle, is removably clamped by bolts-to the upper end of bowl section 32b, and to the upper ends of the uprights 3|.

When it is desired to clean the machine in Figs. 5 to 7 inclusive, the bolts attaching journal bracket 36 to the bowl section 32b, are removed, and then after removal of the clamp bolts 34, the two bowl sections can be swung apart away from the pestle. As illustrated in Fig. 6, the pestle 31 in this instance is proportioned differently than the pestle illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, and the inner faces of the bowl likewise have a different proportioning. The stub shaft 4| extending from the lower end of the pestle, is shown seated in a socket 42, provided in the base portion 29. This base portion of the frame is also shown provided with openings 43, for discharge ofcrushed material. By an inspection of Fig. '1 in conjunction with Fig. 5, it will be noted that the enlarged mouth 44 for receiving material fed to the machine, is formed by modifying the dimensioning of both the bowl sections. In this instance the contour of the upper portion of the bowl, taken on a plane normal to the axis of the machine, is substantially circular, but offset with respect to the vertical axis of the machine.

Since the bowl, of Figs. 5 to 7 inclusive is not undercut, means is provided for holding down the pestle in proper operating position. Thus a pin 4|! is shown extending from shaft 4 I, and nuts carried by this pin are engaged by the compression spring 45.

Figs. 8 to 10 inclusive illustrate a further species of the machine, having a mechanism which can be more conveniently operated for cleaning the machine, and also which incorporates an attrition mill, together with the gyratory crusher. Thus in this case the bowl 46 is formed of two side sections 46a and 46b. The frame is in the form of a yoke, including the base portion 41, the two spaced uprights 48, and the top portion 49 connecting the upper ends of the uprights. The bowl sections are provided with projecting arms 5|, which in turn have hinge connections 52 with one of the uprights 48. The upper end of the pestle 53 is provided'with an enlarged head 54, which is swivelled within a cage 56. This cage in turn is mounted in the top portion 49 of the frame, for vertical adjustment, as by means of a threaded connection.

The attrition mill acts upon the material delivered from the lower end of the pestle, and can be constructed as follows:-- Mounted below the bowl 46, and within an opening 51 provided in the base of the frame, there is a combined drive pulley and fly wheel 58. This drive pulley is journalled to a ring 59, which in turn is carried $186,598 by the frame of themachine. Thus the ring is' shown secured to an underlying casting 60, which is connected to the main part of the frame by webs 6|. The upper face of drive pulley 98 carries the hardened grinding cone 82, which cooperates with a conical shaped housing 83. The stub shaft 84, extending from the lower end of the pestle .08, is accommodated by a bushing 89 in the drive wheel 58, and this bushing is disposed eccentric to impart the desired gyrating movement to the pestle.

The cone shaped housing 83 of the attrition mill is made in two sections 88a and 88b, which are preferably adjustable in a vertical direction. The upper part of the housing 99 is provided with a collar 81, which slidably fits a lower annular extension 880i the bowl 48. Likewise the lower peripheral portion of the housing 63 is provided with a depending flange 89, which slidably fits an upstanding annular flange I I, formed upon 'the base 41. Each of the housing sections is provided with a laterally extending arm I2, which are .pivotally carried on the vertical rods 13. Extending at right angles to the rods I9 and adjacent the same, there is a shaft 14, the end portions of which carry pinions I6. when the two sections 890 and 93b of the attrition mill housing are closed, rack teeth I1 formed upon the ends of arms I2, engage the pinions I9, whereby upon turning the shaft 14, the assembled housing 09 can be raised or lowered a slight amount.

To provide convenient means for releasably clamping together the two sections of the bowl 48, and the two sections of the attrition mill housing 63, a pair of clamp bars I8 are provided. The lower ends of these bars have pivotal connections I9 with the base 41. Their inner faces are provided with grooves 8| to engage flanges 82 formed upon the sections of the bowl 49, and to engage similar flanges formed on the sections'of the housing 69. These bars can be advanced or retracted by means of threaded rods 83, which carry hand wheels 84. Upon retracting the bar I8 the two sections of the attrition mill housing 63, and also the two sections of the bowl 46, can be swung outwardly away from the pestle. to facilitate cleaning operations.

In the form of pestle illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, a lower shoulder 86 is provided, which is formed on a relatively flat angle. This shoulder cooperates wtih a shoulder 81 formed in the lower portion of the bowhand the clearance between the surfaces afforded by collar 88 and the shoulder 8'I, definitely limits the size of material permitted to pass from the bowl, to the attrition mill. Without such cooperating shoulders, a bottom drive machine of this character would not be capable, of comparatively flne grinding, by action of the pestle. i I

With respect to the attrition mill, and its connection with the pestle, suitable means can be employed to prevent entrance of fine solids into the bushinglli' For example, the upper end of the attrition cone 92 is shown provided with an annular portion 88, which is accommodated in an annular recess formed in the lower end of the pestle. Suitable packing means 89, is provided at this point, to form an effective seal.

To suitably direct the discharge of ground material from the attrition mill, a discharge conduit 9| can be appliedto the bottom of the machine as illustrated. This conduit may direct the ground material to any further apparatus being employed to'operate upon the material.

' pestle, about the hinge connections III.

The machine described with respect to Figs. 8 to 10 inclusive will operate substantially the same as the other machines,,except that after the material has been reduced to a certain'flneness by action of the pestle, it is delivered to the attrition mill, where it is subjected to further grinding to reduce it to a fineness suitable say for assay purposes. Application of gyratory movement to the bottom of the pestle does not modify the crushing action to a material extent, except that in this case the greatest amplitude of gyrating movement is applied at a point wherethe finer material is being crushed.

That form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 11 to 13 inclusive, also makes use of an attrition mill in conjunction with gyratory crushing, but the drive in this instance is applied to the top of the machine instead of to the bottom. The frame of the machine in this instance consists of a base 92, together with the spaced uprights 93, and the top portion 94 connecting the upper ends of the uprights. The bowl 96 in this instance is likewise formed in two sections 96a and 98b, and

'isintegral with lower portions 91, which provide a housing. for the attrition mill. The pestle 95 is formed to provide a longitudinal opening 80, to accommodate the spindle 98. The upper end of spindle 98 is connected to be driven bythe pulley wheel 99, which likewise is associated with means for imparting gyratory movement to the upper end of the pestle 99. Thus the pulley itself is journalled to the upper portion 94 of the machine frame. Adjustably mounted within this pulley, as by means of a threaded connection, there is a cage IOI, which eccentrically carries the upper end of the pestle 98. Adjustably carried within the cage IOI, as by means of a threaded connection, there is a plug I02, having a concentric drive connection with the upper end of spindle 98. Thus when pulley 99 is rotated the upper end of the pestle is gyrated, while the spindle 98 is rotated and is maintained aligned with respect to the vertical center line of the machine.

The, lower end of the spindle 98 has a drive connection with the inner conical part I03 of the attrition mill. This part of the attrition mill is separately journalled upon the stub shaft I04. which in turn is suitably supported by the frame of the machine. For example a hollow strut I08 can extend across the lower portion of the frame, to serve as a mounting for the stub shaft I04. To facilitate releasably clamping the two sections of the bowl together, clamping bars I01 are provided, which are somewhat similar to the clamping bars I8 of Fig. 8, except that in this case their upper ends have pivotal connections I 08 with the frame of the machine. Extending through the hollow strut I08 there is a rotatable shaft I09, having threaded portions I I0, engaging the lower ends of the clamp bars I01. By turning the shaft I09 the bars I0'I can be swung outwardly, to release the two sections of the bowl, and thus permit them to be swung outwardly away from the The machine just described is particularly desirable for assay purposes, becauseof the ease with which it can be cleaned and adjusted for various grinding operations.

I claim:

1. In a machine for crushing ore and like material, a pestle disposed in a generally upright position, a bowl surrounding the pestle, one side of the upper portion of the bowl being flared laterally to provide an enlarged opening for receiving material to be ground, the walls forming bowl being curvilinear in horizontal planes and gradually converging with the pestle from the flared portion of the bowl to said opposite side; and means for gyrating one end of the pestle.

2. In a machine for crushing ore and like material, a pestle disposed in a generally upright position, a bowl surrounding the pestle, the lower portion of the bowl affording crushing surfaces symmetrically disposed about the pestle, the upper portion of the bowl aifording both coarse and flne crushing surfaces entirely surrounding the upper portion of the pestle and non-symmetrically disposed about the same, said last named crushing surfaces being formed by bowl walls which on one side of the pestle are ofiset laterally from the pestle by an amount substantially greater than the walls forming the diametrically opposite side of the bowl, the walls of the bowl being curvilinear in horizontal planes and gradually converging with the pestle from the side of maximum offset laterally from the pestle to said opposite side of the bowl, and means for gyrating one end of the pestle in a circular path.

3. In a machine for crushing ore and like material, a pestle disposed in a generally upright position, a bowl surrounding the pestle, the lower portion 01' the bowl aflording crushing surfaces symmetrically disposed about the pestle, the upper portion 01' the bowl. affording both coarse and fine crushing surfaces entirely surrounding the upper portion 01' the pestle and non-symmetrically disposed about the same, said last named crushing surfaces being formed by bowl walls 7 which on one side oi the pestle are ofl'set laterally irom the pestle by an amount substantially greater than the walls forming the diametrically opposite side of the bowl, contour of the bowl on planes normal to the axis of the pestle being substantially circular for both said upper and lower bowl portions, and means for gyrating one end of the pestle in a circular path. I

' JOHN H. SPOHN, Jn.

the inner peripheral

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