US2177258A - Incineration of smoke and industrial fumes - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 24, 1939. J, JARES INCINERATION of' SMOKE AND INDUSTRIAL FUMEs Filed Dec. 12, 19:56

2 Sheets-Sheet l J. JAREs 2,177,253 INCINERATION' OF SMOKE AND `.[NDUSTRIAL FUMES Filed Dec. 12, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 2.4,l 1939.

JOSEPH ./Aes

INVENTOR BY A ORNEY 55 neys. Being entirely exposed to the weather, resisting wire and have frames of similar heat 55 Patented &124, 1939 i 2,177,258

UNITED STATES' 'PATENT orrica INCINERATION OF INDUSTRIAL Joseph Jares, Brooklyn, N. Y. Application December 12, 1936, Serial No. 115,493

'l Claims. (Cl. 18S-6) This invention relates to the destruction and these screens soon disintegrate and have to be elimination of smoke, objectionable fumes and frequently replaced at considerable cost and ily ash from chimneys. hazard to workmen. rlhese cinder catchers only While especially adapted for the elimination hold back the coarse pieces of ily ash and have of odorous gases ordinarily discharged from no destructive effect on the smoke resultingv from d chimneys of garbage and refuse incinerators, the partial combustion of garbage and refuse WhCh invention is adapted as well for the disposal of constitutes both a nuisance and a. serious menace the objectionable, combustible fumes from into public health.

dustrial operations involving treatment of oil, The present invention overcomes objections l0 paint, varnish, lacquer vapors, waste gases from such as those mentioned and is based upon cerl@ chemical plants and the like. l tain original discoveries. These are:

Particular objects of the invention are to pro- First, light smoke; that is, colloidal particles vide an incinerator of the nature and for the and odorous ilue gases can be quickly and cornpurposes mentioned, which will be effective to pletely destroyed by ignition with gas llames l5 completely consume and destroy smoke, fumes, and then passage through red hot metal screens l@ fly ash and the like, which may be readily apvor between red hot thin metal strips or wires. plied to existing equipment, which will have low Second, -heavy smoke, involving coagulated fuel and power requirements and which will be particles and carbonaceous ily ash particles can generally desirable in other ways. be completely consumed by gas llames in an The foregoing and other objects are attained oxidizing atmosphere when in a turbulent cong@ by the novel features of construction, combinadition. I

tions and relations of parts hereinafter described, Third, coarse particles of ily ash can be com- 1 illustrated in the accompanying drawings and pletely burned up by radiant heat when in a broadly covered in the claims. state of rest.

The drawings illustrate certain practicalem- Fourth, mineral ashes resulting from combusbodiments of the invention, but structure may tion of carbonaceous ily ash can be precipitated be'modifled and changed as required for diierback into the incinerator by specially' arranged ent installations, all within the true intent and metal screens. i broad scope of the invention. The combustion unit shown in Figures l and Figure 1 is a broken vertical sectional view 2 is designed for the destruction of all smoke .3@ showing an embodimentl of the invention lnand fly ash from a garbage and refuse incinerator stalled in an incinerator chimney. and is in a form such that it may be mounted Figure 2 is a broken sectional view showing in the' incinerator chimney without interfering parts as they appear on substantially the plane with the natural draft and at a point where it of line 2--2 of Figure 1. will offer no obstruction to the discharging of 3,5

Figure 3 is an enlarged broken sectional dematerials into the incinerating furnace. tail of one of the burner tubes as .on substantially The unit illustrated is composed of oppositely the plane of line 3-3 of Figure 1. disposed gas burners l0 within the incinerator Figure 4 isa fragmentary sectional enlargeilue Il, discharging upwardly beneath inclined 40 ment illustrating a suitable form of draft-proof screensIZ and having below them, the upwardly nozzle for the pilot lights and burner ports. inclined wire guards I3. Air for complete com- Figure 5 is a broken vertical sectional view bustion is supplied beneath the guards by perfoillustrating modications partially for a rated fresh air pipes I4, connected at the outside larger form of combustion unit. with a blower or 'other suitable air supply source. i3 Figure 6 is a broken vertical sectional view Each gas burner is provided with one or more 4g illustrating application of the invention to an rows of alternately large and small flame ports industrial drying oven. l5, i6, Figure 3, discharging on an upward in- Figures 7 and 8'are longitudinal sectional views clination such as shown in Figure l and arranged of combustion units designed for industrial uses sothat the flame from the smaller ports will .o such as illustrated in Figure 6. practically illl in the spaces between the llames 5@ At present, the usual means for prevention of issuing from the larger and longer ports, thus to ily ash from garbage and refuse incinerators are substantially cover with llame, the entire under simply so-called cindervcatchers in the form surfaces of the upwardly convergent screens I2.. of metal screens on the tops of incinerator chim- The screens l2 are preferably made of heat desired, be removed by sliding them out through a doorway 22 in the side of the flue.

Extending downwardly between the two screens are shown a pair of closely spaced vertical screens 23, forming with the latter in eect, triangular combustion zones into which the burners discharge.

The guard screens I3 are shown as made up of spaced vertical wires and they are indicated as extending from supporting brackets 24 on the sides of the chimney upwardly, above the air pipes I4 to the foot of 'the vertical screens 23. In this particular disclosure, the vertical screens are shown as supported between the cross bar 2| at the top and a lower cross bar 25, and the latter is illustrated as carrying hook-like brackets 26 over which the upper ends of the Wire guards are engaged. These guards are shown as pitched at a steeper angle than the screens I2 but this, while usually desirable, is not essential. l Air from a blower or other source is supplied through piping 2l to the burners Ill and perforated air supply pipes I4 and gas through external piping 23 to the burners and to a suitable pilot 29, Figure 2. These pilots may have nozzles of the draft-proof type such as indicated at 29 in Figure 4. The perforated pipes I4 Yprojecting horizontally across the path of smoke and flue gases below the wire racks furnish air for combustion of smoke and carbonaceous y ash.

The alternately large and small burner ports set at difieren elevations accomplish two desirable results. rst, they insure positive flame travel from port to port, the entire length of a row of ports from the pilot flame applied to the rst port so that all flames stay lit when exposed to the draft of the chimney; and secondly, the

higher elevation of the larger ports causes the flames from these to extend full width across the inclined screens with minimum gas consumption, the ames from the smaller ports covering and filling in the triangular screen-areas below the points of merger of the larger names. This alternative arrangement of larger and smaller, higher and lower flame ports also permits wider port-spacing and produces more nearly uniform heat distributionover the entire screen area with minimum gas consumption.

The flame ports are shown as angled slightly below avplane parallel with the overlying screen to prevent direct impingement of individual gas flames against the inclined screen surface and so to complete combustion of gas below the screen level. This method of firing allows for free' passage of the flue gases, effects longer screen life and affords substantially uniform heat distribution.

The screens provide a maximum heating surface to complete combustion of light smoke and malodorants with minimum restriction of chimney area. As the gas llames are uniformly distributed below the screens, all rising smoke is ignited when coming in contact with the gas flames and combustion of same is completed by passage through the red hot screen surfaces.

avviata 'I'he vertical screns 23 form with the inclined screens I2, triangular zones of turbulence into which the heavier coagulated smoke kparticles and small carbonaceous ily ash are deflected by the gas flames. The larger of these particles are thus made to impinge against the vertical screen surfaces Where they are held back until consumed.

Mineral ash which vclings 4to the vertical screen surfaces 23 becomes incandescent, forming radiating refractory which further assists in the combustion process. At the end of each incinerating period most of this mineral "ash will drop, on cooling and if required, any remaindermay be easily brushed oi at periodicV inspection and cleaning times The wire guards I3 hold back larger pieces of ily ash, such as burning papers, preventing it reaching the combustionV zone where it' might temporarily interfere with proper operation of the gas burners. Any such large pieces of ily ash are deected and carried by the draft upwardly between the inclined guards lwhere exposed to radiant heat from above and supplied.

with fresh air from below, they are quickly consumed.

In the chimney-fed type incinerators, the complete combustion unit may preferably be located directly above the -topmost hopper door. In basement-fed type incinerators, the unit may be located a short distance above the flue pipe connecting the incinerator with the chimney. For

use with industrial incinerators, the combustion unit may be modiiied for installation in horizon' tal position and may be incorporated as an in tegral part of the incinerator construction.

In the modification shown in Figure 5, the two burner tubes Illa are located at intermediate points instead of at the sides of the chimney and tubes.

In Figure 6 the invention is shown applied to the destruction of combustible fumes from industrial operations. Usually industrial fumes are free from suspended matter and sufficiently diluted with air so the fly ash retaining guards and fresh air supply pipes are not required.

In the illustration, Figure 6, a drying oven of the conveyer type is indicated at 30, having an exhaust duct 3l in the upper portion of the oven chamber and an inlet duct 32 in the lower portion of the chamber. A blower is indicated at 33 for withdrawing hot fumes from the exhaust duct and for returning these through a pressure conduit 34 to the inlet duct 32. The combustion unit is indicated generally at 35, interposed in the outlet conduit 36 extending from the exhaust duct 3| to the intake side of the blower.

It has been found by experiment that com-- bustible solvents on the coated sheets or articles passing through the furnace are completely volatilized by action of heat within a relatively short range of travel through the ilrst portion of the oven chamber. Accordingly in the present invention, this localized portion of the exhaust duct,

projecting from opposite sides of the burner represented at 3 la, iscut off from the main length iid vso

through conduit 38 into the combustion unit 35 where they are consumed and then passed on as inert hot gas suitable for return by the blower to the oven for drying and heating purposes. The remaining portion ofy the exhaust duct is separately connected by an off-take 38 connected into theexhaust lconduit 3B ahead of the fume incin erating air heating unit 35. With this construc-x tionthe rst, separate section of the fume collecting duct picks up practically all the combustible fumes and considerable fuel savings are effected since no excessively large volumes of highly diluted vaporsl are needlessly. heated.

Figure 7 shows how the unit may be modified for. such an industrialuse by constructing the burner as a complete cylindrical element Ich set in the end of the cylindrical section of exhaust piping iis and the incinerating screen 62h he constructed as a trustoconicai member supported at the base end on the burner yring and at the tip end on a reversely 4faced coneI 6.19, providing in this instance, the

turbulent combustion space iii of conical ring form instead of the triangular shape rst de- Where electric heating is preferred, the' gas heated incineratlng cone may be replaccd'by an electric heating element or elements such as indi cated at t2 in Figure d, wound spirally in a conical screen form providingsumcient area or contact for ignition of all vapors. In such construction the inaable vapors are ignited by contact with inside segments of the spirally wound Wires and combustion is completed on contact with the outside segments of these hot wires. The burner ring and supporting cone also are replaced'in this construction by a suitable supporting ring i3 of insulating material and by an iw ating conical support dit.

To save fuel or energy required tor operationg the combustion unit should he located as near as possible to the source of ruines so that the initial heat content will he fully utilized. "lhus17V for example. when used for the disposal of iumes from. oil, varnish cooking isettles and the lilies, the nuit v preferably should he inserted 'in the fume exhaust duct close to the -lsettle or the last of a series ci? hettles. l lin all forms, the invention may he constructed as a complete combustion unit, 'ready for instsllam tion in or as in Figures o, 'l and t, to torno part of an exhaust c i .f .ey or duct.

. E claim:

i. s. heating unit for incineration of snioize and industrial fumes comprising a heated fume consuming screen convergent in the direction of new,

means for mounting said heated convergent screen in 'dow intercepting relation in a cney or like smoke and fume conducting passage and gas b dischar 1v. at the er surface and aimons race of the inclined screen.

entire inner surface of said convergent screen arranged to spread llame over substantially the and having relatively large and small flame ports v in alternating order with the smaller llame ports of lesser elevation and discharging in the spaces between the larger ilame' ports.

2. A heating unit for incineration of smoke and industrial fumes comprising a heated fume consuming screen convergent in the direction of ow, means for mounting said heated convergent screen in ilow intercepting relation in a chimney or like smoke and fume conducting passage, means for positively furnishing a supply of fresh air under pressure within the convergent screen and a guard grid interposed between said fresh air supply means and the interior of said convergeht screen. l

3. A heating unit for incineration of smoke and industrial fumes comprising a heated fume industrial fumes comprising convergently` arranged screens, burners discharging llame over the inner inclined faces of said convergently arranged screens and inclined grids fog guards over said burners.

'5. A heating unit for incineration of smoke and industrial fumes comprising convergently arranged screens, burners discharging flame over the inner inclined races of said convergently arranged screens, inclined grids forming guards over seid burners and a perforated air supply pipe or pipes within said inclined guard grids.

6. i sancire and fume incinerator for an inl einen-eter chimney comprising upwardlyy convergent screens, a substantially vertical screen between, said convergent screens and burners discharging into the substantially triangular spaces between said upwardly convergent and substantialiy f vertical screens.

" ln a heating unit for incineration of smoke and industrial fumes, a conduit for such smoke und fumes, a screen in seid conduit and inclined in. the direction of iow therethrough and a gas burner having ports discharging across the heuer race oi said inclined screen, said ports being or diierent elevations and sizes to spread the haine substantially uniformly across said inner JSWH JES.

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