US2165504A - Portable hydraulic metal straightening machine - Google Patents

Description

www K- amem; Umm KUUP E. M. PFAU SER PORTABLE HYDRAULIC METAL STRAIGHTENING MAOHINE July 11, 1939.

5 t e 2 m 3 /p/H S v .E f M l i w@ 1 Filed April 4, 19256 .Inf/@afan A 250 Z89- M QMS?? 1 .l JM l l PORTABLF HYDRAULTC METAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1956 l0 Sheets-Sheet 2 Tnx/n for 'fdwzzrd/Hffddse, /a/f/im/MZWM' July 211, 1939.

E. M.. PFAUSER Filed April 4, 1956 10 Sheets-Sheet 3 mw E mm K WI .x ifi? *A Q Y "u N@ NQ QQ, my@ mw .mv m1 NN i.. N DM@ July-11, 1939. E M PFAUSER PORTABLE HYDRAULIC METAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINE lO Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 4, 1936 NS n S July ll, 1939. E. M. PFAUSER PORTABLE HYDRAULTC METAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINE `1O lSheets-Sham. 5

Filed April 4, 1936 PORTABLE HYDRAULIC METAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINE Filed Aprii 4, 1936 1o Sheets-sheet e July 11, 1939. E. M. PFAUSER PORTABLE HYDRAULIC METAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1936 1o sheets-smet '1 July 1l E. M. PFAUSER PORTABLE HYDRAULIC METAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINE I Filed April 4, 1936 l0 'Sheets-Sheet 8 July 11,1939* 'l E. M. PFAlJsER 2,165,5-054 PRTABLE HYDRAULIC METAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINE Filed April 4, 1956 1o .Sheets-sheet 9 July 11, 1939. E M PFAUSER y 2,165,504

PORTABLE HYDRAULIC METAL STRAIGHTENING M'ACHINE Filed April 4, 1956 10 Sheets-Sheet 10 ."I l' fag l J/f @gf/J5 Eg/.3%.

Patented July 11,192.9` 2,165,504

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PORTABLE HYDRAULIC METAL STRAIGHTENING MACHINE Edward M. Pfauser, Elm Grove, Wis., assigner to Blackhawk Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Application April 4, 193e, serial No. '12,150 z: calms. (ci. 153-32) My invention provides a portable hydraulic due to the reaction of the force applied by the metal straightening machine. The machine of operator in actuating the device. That is to my invention is particularly applicable to autosay, jacks, both mechanical and hydraulic, as mobile repair work. While it may be applied now employed are dangerous and inconvenient to other uses it finds a maximum utility in the to use, as the reaction of thel leverage of the straightening or reshaping of bent or deformed force applied by the operator tends to produce frames, bodies, fenders, etc., as well as the varislippage of the jack with respect to the work. ous incidental applications of force to various As a result many operations cannot be performed parts to force them apart or together, as the case by pressure and resort must be had to hammermay be. ing, which is frequently lacking in effectiveness. 10

Thepresent applicationis a continuation in often inconvenient, and usually injuriousto the part 'of my copending application, Serial No. part operated upon.

4.728, filed February 4, 1935. Y Such a machine should have the convenience There has been a demand of long standing for of a tool, but provide the inherently guided and la'a machine applicable to the various operations controlled action of a machine. 15

involved in repairing automobiles damaged by Such a machine should be readily applicable collision or the like, which machine will provide to various surfaces. areas, modes and directions for the ready and convenient application of a of applying its effect. It should be able to act large amount of force, but under the most minute in confined places without diminution of effect and accurate control. Such a device should be or speed of operation. It should be able to work 20 l CnVenie-ntly aPDllCble t0 VariOllS Straightening on close spacing or where parts are at considor bending operations. The operator should be erable distance from each other, or from a able to observe the action of the device, even support. though the force must be applied at a point or Such a machine should be able to produce and 2.', from a position which is concealed from the exert a high degree of force upon a part of the 25 View of the operator.. That is to say, the operautomobile to be straightened or forced into deator should be able to stand at a position where sired position, even though no stable base or he. can observethe' straightening effect, for exfoundation is available for taking up the reacample, sight along a beam or bar, or see the tion of the pump.

3u outside of a g/ented sheet .metal part which is Such a machine should have no lost motion, 30 being straight ned, while he is producing, or apor overthrow. There should be novyield in any plying the necessary force. The machine should of the'parts. It 'should be light, strong, convennot require excessive exertion on the part of the iently transportable to the work, and easily apoperator. A machine constructed in accordance plicable to the particular operation to be per- 3.-, with my invention should have relatively great formed. It should be capable of being convencapacity and should operate at extremely high iently operated by one man. It should comprise unit pressures in order to keep the mass and size no heavy parts inconvenient to handle or `to down to where the machine may be conveniently apply. placed and operated by a single operator, while Such a machine should have the capability of 40 retaining all the essential'characteristics of portperforming numerous incidental operations, or 40 ability, manual operationgdand safety in use. general operations, along with the ability to per- Such a machine shouldbeable to produce a form its special work. pure straight line forcejin tension or compres- Such a machine should be inexpensive, so that sion, between parts to be pulled or pushed toit is available to small shop owners, and be widely 4:, gether or apart, and it should be able to do this available to the public. 45 no matter how narrow or how wide the spacing. Y Such a machine should have simplicity of con- The machine should preferably be hand opernection between the pump unit and the ram unit, ated, for simplicity and low cost. Also, it should, capable of accommodating any desired ram disif motor operated, be under most accurate and position, and controlled by a positive seating sensitive control. reliable single control member which can be 50 The available force should be very great, andA readily manipulated by the operator. yet its application should be attended with no Now it is the chief object of my invention to danger to the operator or to the work. To this .provide a machine which will fulfill ythe above end there should be no tendency, as in hand and numerous other requirements. operated jacks employed in the prior art. to slip, The particular esfbodiment of my invention 55 diameter of only 2*/2 which I shall hereinafter describe in detail, fulfills all of the above requirements and secures, in addition, certain resultant advantages which indicate the vmarked advance in the art whlchlt has produced.

The machine of my invention is of low cost. This enables a small shop to employ it as equipment and compete in quality and speed oi output with larger shops more elaborately equipped, or able to purchase and employ more expensive equipment.

The speed ofoperation of thc present device on a repair job is much greater than was ever possible with the most advanced equipment heretofore known. For example a job that under prior methods of repair i. e. with previously known equipment would take man hours, was by the aid of my machine done in 7 man hours. This is reflected in lower cost to the public.

The quality of work clone by my machine is superior to that done by the best of prior equipment. The accuracy of operation and the cer- Atainty with which accurate results are obtainable expedites and improves operations.

With the present machine it is possible to do certain vstraightening operations by pressure which previously could only 'be done by impact i. e. hammer blows. Now it is to be observed that most automobile collision repair work is no more than straightening out bent parts or unfolding thin metal parts that have been dented or wrinkled by collision or impact. I have found that most such parts can readily be bent back into their original shape or straightened. Where sheet metal parts are involved it is usually a case of pushing out dents or unfolding wrinkles. For this the slow powerful and accurately controlled motion produced by my machine is ideal.

Now in attaining the above objects and advantages and meeting the above demands I have provided an unusually simple and inexpensive but highly effective machine. In constructing my machine I have conceived as the central thought a simple hydraulic system involving a -pump preferably manually operated or at least manually controlled, a small and light hydraulic ram of a size that can conveniently be carried in and placed by one hand employed as the force converting medium and a flexible connecting conduit of convenient length. The ram is provided with quick detachable coupling parts so that the ram may be connected to and operate upon the work.through various work engaging and reaction absorbing devices. These quick detachable couplings are preferably telescopic in character, i. e., consisting of sockets and studs telescoplng longitudinally so that the ram may exert its force through a column or strut, l. e., be braced inherently against lateral displacement. and they are interlocked against endwise separation. In the preferred form of the present invention the machine has a normal load capacity of seven tons and operates at pressures up to 7500 pounds per square inch, but can be safely loaded to ten or twelve tons and operated at pressures from 10,700 to 11,500# per square inch, but the ram unit still retains an overall and a. total length of only 11% inches, and weighs less than ten pounds. 'I'he flexible connecting unit and ram unit are capable of withstanding bursting pressures of over 20,000 pounds per square inch.

In a practical embodiment oi my invention this central concept is elaborated in order to support certain desired capabilities, among others the following:

First, the machine must be applicable to all ordinary operations encountered in repairing a damaged automobile. This involves straightening out and reforming fenders, bodies, frames, running gear, motor parts and the like. Two distinct classes of operations are rcquired to be performed, namely, first pushing, i. e., compression, and second, pulling, l. e., tension. For each there is the further requirement that there be two conditions met, namely, first, that a suitable engaging mcmber, to move or shift or press upon the part or surface to be worked upon, be provided, and second, that a suitable engaging means, for firmly bearing upon and safely retaining engagement with whatever abutment or support is available, to take up the reaction of pushing or pulling, be provided. -Also there is the requirement for quick and simple adjustment of the spacing of the loperating parts, so that spacing requirements are easily met.

Each part of the machine must be developed with a view to meeting fully the above requirements. Certain features looking to this are thc following: compactness of the ram, to go into or act within almost any space requirements commensurate with the dimensions of an automobile or other vehicle to be repaired; a wide variety of working devices and appliances, both i'or the work to be engaged and the abutment or reaction support; ease in interehanging or adjusting the working appliances, some of which are quite elaborate machines in themselves; suitability of the pump unit i'or support, both conveniently near the working device, i. e., the ram and its work-engaging appliance, and independent of the working device; suitability of the pump to be operated under widely varying conditions and in various positions and in confined spaces; flexibility and strength of the connecting hose. The hose should be long enough to allow of convenient performance of all usual operations. It should be strong and non-yielding for hydraulic pressure, but flexible for convenient placing of the parts. The hose should not, by kinking or writhing, transmit any displacing i'orce to the working device or to the pump, nor should it be capable of loosening the hose couplings. 'Ihe hose should be relatively short.

Second, the machine and all its parts and work-engaging appliances are made conveniently portable. This capability includes not only the portability of the machine as a Whole, but includes convenient portability of each of the parts with such independence as is permitted by the hose and the separability of the appliances. The entire device, with all its parts, is conveniently assembled upon a supporting frame which is designed to be readily movable on caster wheels, but which has the parts of the machine so disposed thereupon that maximum stability is provided, and at the same time unusual convenience and facility of operation are secured.

Third, the machine, with its working appliances, is surprisingly compact when the wide variety of operations thatcan be performed by it are taken into account.

Fourth, the machine is developed with a view to convenience oi' adaptability to various operations and conditions, and'rapid change from one operation to another. When the machine is set up to perform one special operation it may quickly and conveniently be changed over to another set-up without the use of tools. Likewise, the various adjustments for different spacing may be made quickly, conveniently and positively.

Fifth, the supporting stand forms a frame having a peculiar utility in the use of the present machine. First, it carries the pump about waisthigh, in a suitable position for the application of maximum force by the operator with minimum effort. Next, it serves as a convenient support for the ram when assembled with one of the working appliances to form a press, The pump being so placed that the handle is in a most convenient position for operation, not only to operate the press but also numerous other appliances.

Sixth, the'hose is, in one optional form of my invention, made disconncctable for convenience in placing the parts. This is arranged with suitable means to prevent leakage 'of liquid, which is preferably oli, and to exclude air. By this arrangement additional lengths oi hose may be employed if desired.

The present invention-therefore has as a primary object the provision of a machine which is light in weight, all directional and powerful in action, simple and safe in operation, and small in size. The three units comprising the basic elements of the machine, namely, the pump, ram, and hose units, have a total weight of only slightly more'than twenty-five pounds, over half of which is in the pump unit supported on the portable frame. The ram unit is capable of delivering its full rated capacity of pressure in any direction and between any reaction element and work element. By reason of the flexible connection effected by the hose, the operator can stand away from the work a distance sulcient to assure his safety in case of slippage or breakage 0f the parts, and simple reciprocatory motion of the operating handle of the pump, together with manipulation of the'single valve member, affords him'full and entire control of the operation of the device.4 Each of the units is of relatively small size and can be readily carried in one hand for positioning or attachment.

' Other objects and advantages oi the present invention will appear more fully from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will disclose to those skilled in the art the particular construction and operation of a preferred form of thepresent invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of my invention, with the ram combined with one of the working appliances to form a hydraulic press;

Figure 2 is a perspective view from the opposite side of Figure 1, showing the machine as operating upon a connecting rod to straighten the same;

Figure 3 is a top pian view, on approximately three quarter scale of actual size of the pump unit shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view on a scale similar to Figure 3, ci the pump unit shown in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is an end elevational view on threequarter scale, partly in section, of the pump unit shown in Figure 3;

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 6 6 of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a full scale vertical sectional view through the ram unit;

Figure 8 is a sectional view through a flexible coupling between two parts or lengths of the flexible connecting hosc;

Figure 9 is an end elevational view of one of the coupling elements shown in Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a detail view, partly in section, of a modified form of coupling means;

Figure 1l is a perspective view showing one manner in which the ram unit may be employed in straightening a bent frame;

Figure 12 is a vertical sectional view through one of the appliances adapted for use with the ram;

Figure 13 is a iront elevational view of the appliance shown in Figure 12;

Figure le! is an elevational view of another appliance which may be employed with the ram unit;

Figure 15 is a sectional viewthrough the appliance shown in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is an end elevational view of a serrated form of head which may be employed with the ram unit;

Figure 17 is a vertical sectional view through the head shown in Figure 16;

Figure 18 is a perspective view, showing the manner in which the back panel of an automobile body member may be straightened by the power unit of the present invention;

Figure 19 is a side elevational view of an appliance for exerting a gathering or compressiv force, with the ram unit built therein:

Figure 20 is a diagrammatic view showing the appliance set up with the ram therein and acting as a spreading device',

Figure 21 is a detail view of the locking pins shown in Figures 19 and 20;

Figure 22 is a modified form of a spreading appliance operating in a small space, with the ram itself serving as the guide:

F'gurf 23 shows a modified spreading appliance for heavy duty, also using the ram as a guide;

Figure 24 illustrates an appliance with external guide means and two jaws providing different spacings for spreading;

Figure 25 shows a modification of the use of the appliance shown in Figure 24;

Figure 26 illustrates the ram unit set up so that it constitutes a spring spreading appliance;

Figure 27 is a perspective view illustrating the use of the ram unit set up as a lifting jack;

Figure 28 is a vertical sectional view of an appliance which is particularly useful in fender straightening work:

Figure 29 shows an appliance similar to that of Figure 28 and used for the same class of service;

Figure 30 is a side view of the anchorbolt for securing the cylinder of the ram to either end of the yoke;

Figure 31 is a perspective view of another embodiment of my invention employing a doubleacting pump;

Figure 32 is a longitudinal section through a hose coupling of my invention;

Figure 33 is a perspective view of a stand for the machine, having the ram unit combined with a modified form of press;

Figure 34 is a sectional view showing thc mannele'i in which the ram is supported in Figure 33; an

Figure is an elevational view, partly in seclion, showing a modified form of detachable conncction.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 there is shown a pressed metal stand 5 having a rigidly and permanently together.

series oi hanged trays or shelves, in this case three, pressed from heavy sheet stock and mountedon the legs 3 which are formed of angle iron stock, or pressed into angle iron forni out oi' sheet stock. The corners of the trays are preferably welded to the legs to secure thc parts The legs 3 are provided with caster wheels 1 so that the stand and supported parts may conveniently be rolled to any desired place on thc floor of the shop. There is a-pecuiiar utility in the stand in that it is not only a suitable support for the pump and the ramand press or,either the pump or rain and press, but also it is a convenient support for the work engaging appliances. And these appliances not only are always conveniently at hand,

but also add weight and stability to the stand, so

that the reaction oi the pump or the added weight of a piece of workin the press do not unbalance the stand.

A single acting pump is clamped to the vertically extending defining edge I8 of the top shelf 6 by means of fixed angle brackets I 9 which are secured upon opposite sides of the vertical edges oi' the tray 6, These brackets are adapted to support headed pins or studs 20 which fit into slots 50 in the feet 40 carried by the pump unit I1. The unit I1 is provided with a removable rodlike operating handle 22,- which may be swung up and down to operate the pump plunger 51 (see Fig. 4).

There is a peculiar advantage in the single-acting pump disposed as shown on the stand and supported about waist high, in that a workman can readily, by straightening out his arm, put substantially his entire weight upon the handle V22, thereby exerting maximum force. The double-acting pump of Figure 3l will permit more rapid operation, but if the maximum load should be encountered upon the upstroke the workman is at a disadvantage, and also the wheel base ot the stand is disadvantageously disposed.

One end of the stand of Figure 2 is provided with a pair of bracket members 23, suitably secured in fixed position with respect thereto, and

which have laterally projecting shoulder portions 26 upon which is mounted the bottom pressure plate oi' a press unit indicated generally at 25. The press unit 25 comprises a pair of yoke members or press rods 26 which, at their lower ends, pass through the base plate member 21 and are secured by suitable nuts 28 to the shoulder portions 2l oi' the bracket members 23. The base member 21 is oi' relatively solid and heavy construction, and preferably has a fiat surface 23 extending between the yoke rods 26. At their upper end the yoke rods are provided with a second connecting member 30, secured thereto by means of nuts 32, the member 30 corresponding to the member 21. 'I'he length of the yoke is thereby adjustable. Also, by removing the lower nuts 23 the yoke may be removed from the stand. The press plates 21 and 30 are provided with flat spots so that the press may be laid in stable posi` tion on a ilat support, such as a floor or bench.

Extending centrally through the member 30 is an opening, corresponding to the opening 33 in the member 21, and the base of the ram unit I3 is adapted to be locked in position with respect thereto by means of the bolt 35 shown in Figure 30, having an extending stud projecting through this opening. The ram unit I3 is connected to the pump unit I1 by means of the flexible connecting hose I6, so that the liquid discharged by the pump I1 may be transmitted to the ram unit |3, and when the relief valve 93 is opened it may be returned to the reservoir. This hose is made expressly for high pressure work and comprises a synthetic rubber inner tube about 'A" internal diameter with alternate layers of high tensile wire braid or wrapping and layers of the rubber composition. A inal exterior coating of synthetic rubber is then applied, with the layers and coatings all being then vulcanized together. 'I'he head end of the cylinder of the ram I3 is disposed in depending position within the press rods 26, and serves to guide the ram plunger for movement outwardly ot the rain cylinder. The threaded end of the plunger is thus moved downwardly under hydraulic pressure toward the opening 33. The outer end of the ram plunger is provided with a threaded head, so that a suitable contacting appliance may be fitted thereupon to engage the work which it is desired to operate upon. The supporting stand constitutes a frame for the pump and press, and also iorms a convenient receptacle and support for the various appliances which may be used ln the various operations to which the machine is applied.

In Figure 1 I have illustrated a number of such appliances suitable for performing substantially all of the chief operations which may be involved in straightening out a damaged automobile. First. the simple appliances for adapting the ram to exerting pressure on sheet metal parts, such as tenders and the like, are shown at 210, 210' and 215. A simple form of base for engaging the flat surface of the floor or the like, idr either the plunger or the cylinder, is shown at |91.

may be plunger secured employ- These appliances, 210, 210', 215 and |91 fastened directly to the head of the ram by threading thereupon, or they may be to the rear end of the cylinder by the ment of a pipe nipple illustrated at 201.

A bar for connecting with and using a chain is shown at |82.

A serrated head is shown at 265 and a V- shaped head is shown at |16. be employed on either end o! appear later.

Adjacent the pump on the upper tray, I have shown a pushing and pulling appliance, involving the length of pipe 200, the jaws 203, 205, and 205' and the nipple 201. Additional lengths of pipe are shown at 2I0, |96, |96', on the lowermost tray. A number of locking pins are shown at 204. Spring spreader heads 253 and 255, for use in spreading a spring as shown in Figure 26, are illustrated on the second shelf. Also, on the second shelf, is shown the pulling appliance adapted for the use of two chains. 'I'his comprises fixed heads at the opposite ends ol' a pair of rods, and a slidable head guided on the rods. A slidable head and one of the fixed heads are threaded to receive a cylinder and plunger of the ram, and the chains at |00 and |80' are adapted to be'employed with the fixed and movable heads for pulling together two vmembers which can be engaged only by a chain.

While this by no means exhausts the appliances which may be operated and which may form a part of the present invention, they serve to perform most of the ordinary operations encountered in straightening parts oi' adamaged vehicle, or in performing incidental operations in connection with the repair or servicing thereof.

I have illustrated in Figure 2 one manner in which the ram unit may be employed for the straightening oil a connecting rod 40. This rod is disposed upon a pair of block members 42, and is adapted to be straightened by pressure applied the ram, as will These heads may the same.

ISOl

' a pump cylinder 'III 'forced against the connecting rod means. such as the headed pins.

by the end of the plunger. the plunger being of hydraulic pressure developed by the pump I1. Any desired bending, forcing, or straightening may be produced by the press.

If desired, the ram unit I3 may be reversed in position, in which case its base is mounted over the opening 33 and held thereon by bolt 35. The ram plunger then extends vertically thereabove within the rods 26, and operates against or toward the upper platen 30.

Referring now in d etail tothe construction of the pump unit I1, which is shown in Figures 3 to 6, inclusive, the unit comprises a reservoir cyllinder, indicated at 45, which is threaded at its lopposite ends, the outer end' of the reservoir tube or cylinder` receiving the reservoir cap member 46, which is provided with a suitable opening through which oil or other liquid may be admitted to the interior of the reservoir to charge In practice I find that light mineral oil. such as S. A. E. #10W may be employed, the capacity of the pump with the hose and ram being about one quart. This opening is preferably closed by the filler plug 41, suitable gasket means being provided for preventing leakage.

vA foot rest and clamp member, indicated generally at 48, is clamped about the outer end of the -reservoir 45 adjacent the cap 45. It preferably has its upper surface serrated in order to provide for firm gripping thereof by the foot of the operator when the pump unit is disposed for operation upon the floor. The clamp 48 is provided with oppositely extending lugs or feet 49 at the lower portion thereof,whieh feet portions are provided with slots 50 extending lengthwise from one end thereof,.the slots 50 receiving securing 2li, for holding the feet of thepump I1 to the brackets I9 of Figure 2. Suitable clamp means, such as the hand wheel 52 and threaded stem shown in Figure 2. may be provided for engagement with the filler cap 41 for thrusting and holding the pump unit in position by causing the slots 50 at each end of the pump to pass under and be heid by the headed pins or rivets 20. The pump reservoir is made of considerable length for a number of reasons. Its length renders it suitable for manual operation in the manner of the handles of a pair of tongs, while the extended base allows maximum seating efficiency on the stand. Also, by reason of its length, the operators feet can be disposed in a morel balanced position when it is placed on the floor for operation.

At its opposite end the reservoir tube 45 is threaded into a socket in the pump frame, indicated generally at 55, which frame comprises 56. The pump plunger 51, which is in the form of a cylindrical member approximately l/2" in diameter, is adapted to have reciprocatory movement in the pump cylinder 56. The upper end of the pump plunger 51 has a head which is slotted transversely, as shown at 58, to receive a cross pin member 59. The member 59 is preferably locked in position by means of cotter pins 60. The cross pin 59 is siabbed off or flattened on its bottom side and the ends are carried by extending web portions 52 of a rocker beam 63. which beam is pivoted at 54 about an upwardly extending bracket portion 65 of the base 55. The centers of pins 59 and 64 are laterally spaced approximately 11/8 inches. Upon rocking movement of the beam 53 by means of the handle 22, the pin 59 engaged in the slotted end 58 of the plunger 51 provides for reciproca- -suction is created tory movement of the plunger within the cylinder 56. The pin 59 cannot turn in the slot. It has a small sliding movement in the slot, due to its arcuate travel. Projecting ends 66 of the beam 63 serve as stop means for limiting the upward movement of the plunger 51, so that it will not be accidentally withdrawn too far or disengaged from the pin 59. The handle 22 may be of any desired length. but I find that a length of about 26 inches is preferable both for convenience in operation and for application of pressure. Thus with the handle length of twenty-six inches working on a half inch diameter plunger at Aa. lever arm of one and one-eighth inches the unit pressure upon the liquid in the pump cylinder will be of the order of two hundred times the numerical value of the pressure put upon the end of lever 26. f

The'beam 63 isprovidedwith a horizontally extending socket the bottom of which is threaded. This socket is engaged by the handle 22 for rocking the beam about the pivot 64. Several lengths of handle are provided. However. when the pump unit I1 is disposed upon the floor, it may be desirable to provide for vertical disposition of the handle 22, in which case the handle is inserted into the opening 61 formed in the beam 63, and suitably engaged within the threaded portion 68 thereof. In that position preferably a greater length of handle is used. The lower end of the vertical socket of the beam 63 is adapted to have abutting engagement with a portion of the base 55 indicated at 69, for the purpose of limiting downward movement of the plunger 51.

A packing spreader ls indicated at 10, and chevron packing is disposed between the same and the gland nut indicated at 12, which is adapted to be disposed within a counterbored portion of `the pump cylinder 56, to provide a suitable packing gland for preventing escape of liquid along the surface of the plunger 51. Suitable resilient rings of packing 1I and 13, such as oil proof rubber, cork or the like, are disposed above the gland follower 12. Above the packing 13 is threaded the retaining nut indicated at 14, which holds the packing in compression between the gland follower 12 and the retaining nut 14.

In the operation of the pump shown in Figures 1 to 6, as the pump plunger 51 is moved upwardly,

in the cylinder 56, which results in drawing of fluid from the reservoir `45 through the filter or screen 15 and the inlet opening 16 formed in the base 55, through the passageway 11 shown in Figure 6 to the angularly extending passageway 18 shown in Figure 5. A suitable ball inlet check valve 19 is provided adjacent the upper end of the passageway 18, and is raised by the suction in the pump cylinder 56, providing for flow of fluid from the passage' way 18 to the horizontally extending passageway 80 which leads into the lower end of the pump cylinder 56. The passageway 80 is suitably closed at its outer end by means of the threaded plug 82.

This serves to ll the pump cylinder beneath the plunger with liquid to be discharged. Upon downward movement of the handle 22. the pump -plunger 51 displaces the liquid from cylinder 56 under pressure, and this pressure serves to close the ball check valve 19. The liquid is forced out through the passageway 80, and opens the ball check valve 83. which normally is closed by the compression spring 84 disposed between the check valve and the valve plug 85, and the liquid flows into the enlarged bore I6 of the discharge passageway.

From adjacent the upper end of the bore I6, the liquid flows through the passageway Il to a transversely extending passageway 80 drilled through the base 55, the passageway 8l being closed lat its outer end by the plug 69. From the passageway 08 the liquid flows outwardly through Ithe outlet opening 90, and into the flexible hose I6. the coupling of which is threaded into the recess 02. The hose is preferably a reenforced oil proof or synthetic rubber hose of great strength and quite flexible. The hose is impervious to the oil and is not subject to deterioration by the oil. Preferably the hose is some six feet in length, so that it will be long enough to reach across the width of an automobile with a little slack. As will be described in detail hereinafter. suitable coupling means is provided for inserting additional lengths of hose between the pumpand ram when special jobs are encountered requiring such extra lengths.

To relieve the pressure upon the ram unit the release valve 03. which has a needle valve lace 94 at-its inner end, is threaded outwardly with respect to the packing nut 95, which closes the bore through which the spindle extends. The nut 95 is adapted to compress the packing 96 to prevent leakage of oil therepast. Backing oil of the spindle 93 and valve 94 allows the oil from the chamber 90 and the passageway 88 to pass through the passageway 91 into the reservoir 45. It is thus apparent that upon reciprocation of the plunger 5l. liquid is drawn from-the reservoir and forced into the flexible hose I8. When the ram has performed the desired .work the valve 94 is opened and the pressure is released. the liquid being returned to the reservoir 45.

The base member 65 is provided with lateral extending feet or lugs indicated at 98, which are provided with slots 50 adapted to receive suitable means, such as the headed pins 20. for securing the base 55 to the brackets I9 mounted on the edge of the tray 6.

The pump unit shown in Figures 1 to 6 is adapted for operation when held in the hands. This is advantageous where no suitable support for the pump can be provided, due, for example. to the position occupied by the operator. or due to the length of the hose being insuillcient to permit the pump .to be carried to a suitable support. The handle22 employed in that case is of just about the same length as the barrel of the reservoir which forms a hand hold. The operator grasps the handle 22 in one hand and the barrel Il in the other and works the pump like the handles of a pair of tongs, or the handles of a pair of hedge shears. Or the operator may place the barrel against his body and pull on the handle'22. The stop 68-69 prevents pinching of his fingers between the handle 22 and barrel or plate 48. The stroke may be made anywhere between stops 66 and 66. Since the total weight of the pump unit and handle is less than 14 pounds, it is obvious that it can be readily manipuiated in the hands. Y

The pump and reservoir unit may be considered as consisting of two handle members hinged together and each supporting one of the cooperating parts of the hydraulic pump. 'I'he handle member which contains the cylinder 4is hollow to provide a reservoir for the hydraulic medium. It also contains the -various passageways and valves and lsupports the connection for the flexible hose. 'Ihe capacity of the reservoir is such as to provide adequate liquid within the capacity of the ram unit to receive the same. when the pump and reservoir unit is supported in the hands of the operator the natural tendency is to allow the two handle members to be inclined downwardly assuring that the entire contents of thc reservoir are available to the pump.

Referring now in detail to Figure 7, which shows the preferred construction of the ram unit I3, this unit includes the cylinder |00. about 1.540" in diameter, which cylinder is threaded at its opposite ends, as at |02, and at one end thereof receives the packedguiding head |03, which head is threaded over the end oi` the cylinder |00. At its outer end the head |03 is provided with an exteriorly threaded end portion |04 of slightly reduced diameter, which is also interioriy threaded, as indicated at |05, and provided with a packing gland nut. The external diameter of the head |03 is less than 21,5". I have here shown the threaded parts |04 and ||l of different diameters. but as will be explained later. particularly with reference to Figures 19 to 25, these parts |04 and may be made of the same diameter and pitch. so that interchangeable brackets or jaws may be securedto either one or the other. 'I'he threads I3 and are preferably oi' the same diameter and pitch in any event. for the purpose of interchangeable l connections.

The opposite end of the cylinder is adapted to receive the base |06 of the ram unit. This base is provided with a laterally offset boss portion having a recess |01 which is interioriy threaded at |08 to receive the threaded coupling on the end of the exible connecting hose i6. The liquid from the hose passes into the duct |09, and from this duct is transmitted through the passageway ||0 to the interior of the cylinder |00. The base |06. which is approximately 21A" in diameter, is also provided with a socket I2, which socket is interioriy threaded, as shown at ||3, preferably with standard 11A" pipe threads, to accommodate the coupling of suitable appliances and adapters thereto. The end of the cylinder is turned down and faced oft to bear tightly against the bottom of the socket |06. The overall length of the ram cylinder with heads |03 and |06 is only slightly over l0".

Within the cylinder |00 the ram plunger ||5 is closely tted for reciprocatory movement, having a diameter oif slightly less than 1*/2. The plunger is provided, at its outer end, with a projecting stud |6 of reduced diameter, which is adapted to receive thereover a removable externally threaded sleeve member the sleeve member ill at its inner end having abutting engagement with the shoulder ||8 formed by the reduced stud portion ||6 of plunger H5. A suitable transverse locking pin ||8 is provided for the purpose of locking the sleeve upon the plunger. The exterior threads of the sleeve are preferably standard pipe threads receiving suitable appliances which may be threaded thereunto. The threads on stud ||6 preferably are standard machine threads for adapting the plunger to be coupled to a different set of connections. The sleeve I1 is readily renewable in case the threads are battered or otherwise damaged. If desired, the stud ||6 may not be threaded. and the threaded sleeve is then merely slipped over the straight shank and keyed in place by cross-pin IIS.

Suitable fibrous packing |20 is disposed within the interior oi' the threaded portion |05 of the cap |03, and is held in position by means of a packing nut |22 which threads thereinto and holds the packing against displacement.

At its opposite end the plunger ||5 is provided with an enlarged stop and guiding head portion |23, from the rear of which extends a prolecting stud member |24. This stud is threaded vto receive a suitable spreader vnut |25.A The nut |26 is provided with an annular shoulder portion bearing against the interior surface of a cup leather |26 or the like. This cup |26 is clamped between the nut |25 and the end of the plunger H5. The pressure against the cup |26 serves to force it into tight sealing engagement. with the interior surface of the cylinder |00, to prevent leakage of iiuid therepast. A chevron packing as shown in my copending application, Serial No. 6,618, flied February 15. 1935. may be employed instead of the cup leather packing shown herein, if desired.

It will be noted that the diameter of the main body of the plunger ||5 is slightly less than the internal diameter' of' the cylinder |00, whereby free sliding movement is provided. `In order to drain any leakage that might accumulate between the outer periphery of the plunger ||5 and the interior'of the cylinder |00, a passageway |29 is provided in the cap member |03, so that any tendency to build up pressure by movement of the head or flange |23 outwardly of the cylinder |00 will be released, whereby the full effective pressure of the fluid from the passageway |I0 is available to move the plunger IIS outwardly of the ram unit. The packing |20 inerely prevents leakage from creeping out upon the coupling parts.

The ram plunger I I5 is shown as provided with graduated markings along its outer length. These graduations may be in either the metric or English units of linear measure, since they are employed, ordinarily, only for relative reference. However, in certain operations for which the ram is employed it may be desirable to employ definite linear measure. The length of the plunger from end to end is about 91/2 and in collapsed position the entire unit is approximately'. 111/2" long, while in extended position it is sllghtly'less than 18" in length.

Sometimes in pressing or'straightening certain parts there is a certain amount of resilience or spring, which, when the pressure is released, causes the metal to tend to return toward its former position. In order to make it possible for the operator to determine the exact amount of additional travel or throw required, he may note, before the pressure is released, the marking on the plunger closest to the end cap, indicating its extended position. Then, alter releasing the pressure and finding that the metal has not been displacedto the desired p osition, the operator has, upon the next application of pressure, a gauge by which he can judge as to how far the plunger should be extended. Thus he can be assuredthat he will not exceed this position too greatly, and overstress the metal. By the successive application and release of pressure, therefore, the'accurate displacement of the metal can be effected.

In order to ascertain definitely the allowable force which may be applied to a member, I contemplate providing a standard type of pressure gauge which may be conveniently mounted upon the pump, or upon an auxiliary coupling member connected between the flexible hose and either the pump or ram unit. The purpose of this gauge plunger.

is to indicate the pressure being applied per unit of deflection of the member engaged by the machine. For example, it may sometimes be desirable to know the deflection produced by a given pressure applied by the machine to a member, which can be easily ascertained by controlling the pressure in accordance with the gauge and noting the advancement of the graduations on the Or, ii' a bearing or pin is being driven, the gauge will indicate increased resistance showing seating of the member, thus preventing damage thereto by overdriving.

In the testing of structural members for bending stresses, the machine can be employed to indicate the pressure necessary to producea given deflection, and can thus be utilized instructively to predetermine the strength of various structural members, so that overstressing of these members in actual practice will be eliminated.

As a further use of the graduated plunger, in certain adjustment and repair work on aeropianes, for example, it is necessary that the plane be heid or adjusted to a certain level. If a hydrauiic jack having a graduated plunger is used for this work, the operator can elevate the plane to a predetermined level, and after completing the work can cheek to see that this level has been maintained, or can easily restore the plane to proper height if it does drop to any extent.

Many other useful purposes can be served by the combination of the graduated plunger and pressure indicator, such, for example, as checking loads on the springs or wheels of vehicles and the like.

In addition to these features the ram can be employed, because of these graduations, for many other press operations where it is desired to limit the insertion or displacement of members to a certain amount'. Under certain circumstances it may be desirable to free the ram completely from the pump for the purpose of placing the ram in position without the impediment of the length of hose and the pump element connected thereto. Under such circumstances the hose may be made severable, or may be uncoupled from the ram or from the pump.

Referring now to Figure 8, I have disclosed one manner in which the flexible hose may be coupled together when the hose is to be made disconnectable. In this feature of the invention one end or part of the reenforced flexible hose is indicated at I6'. The fitting |3I has a socket for receiving the end of the hose, which is stripped over the spigot or projecting sleeve |30, which sleeve is anchored in the central part of the socket. The walls of the socket are then swaged down upon the end of the hose. The interior of the socket in the fitting |3| is provided with grooves forming a gripping means which bites into the exterior surface adjacent' the end of the hose I6', thereby firmly gripping the hose and preventing pulling the hose I6' out of the fitting |3I. Similarly, the other end or piece of hose 16" is secured to a fitting |33, which has a socket like the one described in fitting I3I.

The fitting |3l is provided with an angularly extending passageway |35 which communicates with the interior of the sleeve |30, and which is counterbored, as shown at |36, to house a springpressed check valve |31. The valve |31 is guided by means of an extending stem |38 extending through a valve seat member |39 and providing a valve seat for the check valve |31. A suitable spring |00 is provided for normally forcing the valve plunger |31 into engagement with the valve seat |39 when the fitting is not in connected position. This prevents any leakage of oli outwardly from the passageway |42 of the hose through the sleeve and through the valve opening at the end ofthe fitting |3|. Thus the hose i6' may be uncoupled or coupled with very small leakage of oil and practically no inclusion of air.

The fitting |33 is provided with a passageway |43 which extends axially with respect to the sleeve |34, and which is counterbored. as shown at |44, for receiving a check valve plunger inember |45 corresponding to the member' |31. A suitable valve seat bushing |46 is threaded into the passageway |44 and provides a valve seat for the plunger |45, which has a projecting stem |41 extending beyond the end surface of the fitting.

The fitting |33 is provided with a head or flanged portion |48 which provides a shoulder over which is fitted a coupling nut or union |49, which nut is loosely mounted about the shoulder |48 and ls held against rearward movement with respect to the fitting |33 by means of the split ring |50 which engages in a suitable groove formed in the surface'of' the sleeve |33 behind the shoulder |48.

The end face of the fitting |33 is convcxly tapered. as indicated at |52, and engages a corresponding concave surface |53 formed in the Thus. when the hose is coupled together, the fitting |3| engages the tapered surface |52 of the fitting |33, and the coupling nut ls threaded over the external threads formed on the shoulder portion |54 of the fitting |3|, forcing these two fittings into tight abutting ensagement. The fitting |3|. in its end face. is provided with a cutaway recess portion |55. Fig. 9. which extends downwardly into alignment with the bore |44 in the fitting |33. As the fitting is drawn together, any air or oil which may be present escapes through suitable outlet passageways |56 formed at spaced intervals about the periphery of the shoulder portions |54 of the fitting |3|. and upon engagement of the surfaces |52 and |53 the extending spindle portions |38 and |41 of the valve plungers |31 and |45, respectively, have abutting engagement with the adjacent surfaces of the opposite fitting, whereby the plungers are moved inwardly with respect to the valve seats |39 and |46, and thus provide for communication from the passageway |42 in the hose I6' to the passageway |51 in the hose I6. Both valves must be opened, as the liquid must return when the ram plunger retreats.

Only a small quantity of air could remain within the coupling in this particular arrangement. inasmuch as the air is displaced by oil released on opening the valves and is forced outwardly through the passagcways |56 as the fittings are coupled together. Thus, when pressure is applied to the fluid in the passageway |42. this fiuid may flow, under pressure, through the valve bore |36 and the recess |55 to the valve bore |44 in fitting |33, and thence through the passageway |51 in the hose I6, and also in the reverse direction. Thus a positive and effective hose coupling is provided.

In Figure 10 I have shown a modified form of coupling connection. in which the hose is detachably coupled to the base of a pump unit corresponding to the pump unit l1. In this embodiment, an elbow connecting member |60, which is provided at one end with a suitable socket for a hose member |62 secured therein in the same manner as the hose members i6' and I6" are secured in the fittings |3| and |33, respectively, is

provided. and is adapted to have engagement in a suitable vertically disposed socket or well 90' formed integral with the base 55' of the pump unit. Preferably this well is provided with a tapered outlet portion |63, above which is provided a counterbore |64 adapted to contain suitable liquid to displace air from the coupling. Upon insertion of the fitting therein. the tapered surface |66 of the fitting is adapted to engage the tapered surface |63 formed in the well 90', below the surface of the liquid. The inclusion or trapping of air in the fitting is thereby prevented. Suitable valve plunger members, such as the members |45 and |31 of Figure 8. are carried by the well 90' and the fitting |60, and are adapted to be moved to open position upon movement of the fitting |60 into sealing engagement with the'surface |63. The space between the end of the part |66 and the bottom of the well forms a connecting passageway between thc valves when they are opened. Due to the oil in the reservoir |64, substantially all air is excluded from this coupling connection, and therefore a liquid to liquid connection is established from the well 90 to the hose |62 carried by the fitting |60.

In order to secure the fitting |60 in positive sealing engagement, a suitable yoke member |61. with a pressure screw, is provided. This yoke is pivoted upon studs |68 on the well 90', and is adapted to engage a suitable lug portion |69 formed on the top of the fitting |60, whereby the fitting |60 is heid in tight sealing engagement with the surface |63.

Referring now in detail to Figure 1i, I have f disclosed in this figure how a frame or channel member such as an automobile side frame, which has been deformed or bent, may be straightened by the use of the ram o! the present invention. In this figure, the frame member |10 to be worked on by the power unit has been bent outwardly and distorted from its initial and desired shape. Suitable wooden blocks |12 and |13 are placed between the frame |10 andthe beam |14 on each side of the bent part of the frame |10. The base portion |06 of the ram unit is disposed on the opposite side of beam |14. Preferably a suitable base plate |15, provided with a stud screwed into the socket ||3, is mounted on the base of the ram unit |3. tbase plate |91 may be employed to form this ase.

The outer end of the plunger ||5 is provided with a. grooved fitting |16 which is shown in detail in Figures 12 and 13. provided, at one end thereof. with a recessed interiorly threaded opening |11 which is adapted to thread over the sleeve ||1, and to be fixedly secured thereto. The opposite end of the member |16 is provided with a V-groove in the end thereof, which V-groove is adapted to form a suitable guide for a chain member, such as the chain shown in Figure i1, or to seat against a rod, pipe. bar or the like. I prefer to use an electrically welded heat treated steel for the chain having a break test of over 11.000 pounds.

The chain |80 is looped over the end of the plunger and lies in the V-groove in the member |16. and its ends extend over and under the supporting member |14. engaged by a second fitting |82 which is disposed upon the opposite side of the frame member |10 which is being worked upon. The fitting |82 is shown in detail in Figures i4 and 15. It is provided centrally with a threaded socket portion The nipple 201 and The fitting |16 is These ends are suitably c III-which may, if desired. be threaded upon the end of the plunger for certain purposes, or may be used in any other manner. It may be threaded upon a suitable pipe or rod extension threaded into the base |06 of the ram I3. The member |82 is provided with openings |85 throughwhich the ends of the chain may be freely passed. At opposite sides of openings |85 I provide slots |84,.with recesses just back of the openings of the slots on both back and front to hold the adjacent transverse link of the chain to keep the chain from slipping out of the slot. Thus the chain is kept from slipping out, no -matter which way the force is applied.

The member |82 may also be provided with -an opening |86, in which a drift pin |81 may be mounted, if desired, when the unit is to be employed for punching out wrist pins, bearings, or the like. The pin |81 is preferably secured in position by means of a set-screw |88 extending into the opening |86 through the threaded opening |89 of the member |82. Obviously, the pin |81 may be threaded into the opening or otherwise mounted on member |82 or upon a similar member.

The inner slots |84 are provided where the member between the chains is relatively narrow. The outer slots |84 are used where the intervening member is Wider.

, In the application of the unit shown in Figure 11, the chain |80 is hooked into one of the outer pair of slots |80, being thereby firmly secured in .fixed position with respect to the member |82. and is then laid in the V-groove in the member |16 carried by the plunger ||5, and is passed under-the supporting member |14 .formed in the opposite end of the fitting |82. Pressure is then supplied to the ram through the flexible hose i8, and serves to move the plunger ||5 outwardly of the pressure cylinder |00 of the ram I8, the reaction being taken through beam |14, blocks |12, and upon the spaced parts of frame |10. This outward movement exerts a tension upon the chain |80, which tension is imparted to the bar |82 and in turn draws the bar towards the supporting member |14. Thus, upon forcing liquid into the ram unit, the bar member |82 is drawn toward the base |06 of the ram, and consequently forces the bent portion of the member into the desired position. Since the pressure applied by the ram. unit can be readily controlled by the operator, just the desired amount of bending may be produced -in the member |10, and no overthrow is produced. The metal is subjected to minimum punishment in straightening.

It is obvious that any desired member. might be so worked upon in place of the member |10, either to straighten or to bend it. The operator may dispose the pump in such position that he can sight along the frame |10 to sce when itis straight, while he is actually operating the ma chine.

Referring now to Figure 18, in this embodiment of the invention` I have shown the unit as equipped and applied to the straightening of a sheet metal member, such as the back panel of a motor vehicle.

In this particular employment of the invention. the side panel of a motor vehicle is indicated generally at |90, and the rear panel portion of the vehicle is indicated at |92. being dented, as shown at |93. from its true form as shown in dotted lines. The operator, in this particular figure, has moved the stand 5 to a position adjacent the rear of the vehicle and has disposed the base 8, carrying the hydraulic unit 9, in a position to facilitate operation of the pump while the operator may watch the effect being produced by the ram unit. He may stand where he can sight along the surface to be straightened. The floor of the vehicle is shown at |94, and the ram unit i3 is shown as braced between the rear surface |92 of the vehicle and a pair of supporting memlbers |95 mounted in the floor of the vehicle and having abutting engagement against the rear portion of the front seat of the vehicle. They may pass through the door openings, if desired.

An extension member |96, which may comprise a standard size pipe member, threaded at its opposite ends, is threaded atoneend into the opening ||2 of the ram unit i3, and the opposite end thereof is provided with a base plate member threaded thereon and indicated at |91. The base member |91 has bearing engagement against the supporting block |95. This provides for an extension of the support of the ram unit |3, so that upon pressure being applied by the pump 9 through the flexible hose i6 to the ram cylinder |00, the plunger ||5 thereof, which. upon its threaded end ||1, is adapted to carry the fitting |82 .previously described. moves outwardly of the cylinder |00, and forces the member |92 into the proper position. The ram unit i3 and a part of the hose I6, in this case. has been passed through the rear side window, and although the hose is short, for example, about 6 to 8 feet, it is long enough to let the operator stand where he can readily observe the progress of the operation as he works the pump unit 9.

Since the operator may dispose himself substantially in any desired position, because of the remote flexible connection of the pump 9 with respect to the ram unit. it is possible for the operator to assume the most advantageous position for viewing the operation on the machine and judge the proper amount of pressure to be applied thereby in straightening the member.

Overstretching of the metal, or bending of the metal into more than its required shape may be prevented, due to the positive control of pressure applied by the hydraulic pump which is under the operator's control. Controlled straightening, under observation, may similarly be applied to fenders, side portions of the body, running boards, and like metal portions of motor vehicles, machinery, or other metal members.

rReferring new to Figure 19, I have disclosed the ram unit i3 embodied in this figure for both short spacing and wide spacing compression of parts, or clamping thereof. In this particular embodiment of the invention a suitable pipe length 200 is provided. This pipe length may be provided, at intervals therealong, with transverse openings 202 such as aligned drill holes. An adjustable end bracket or jaw 203 is suitably bored to fit over the pipe 200 and is provided with transverse registering openings through which a lock pin 204, shown in detail in Figure 2l, may extend for locking the bracket 203 in fixed position with respect to the pipe 200. The pipe herein referred to is preferably extra heavy 1*/4" pipe. carefully machined-to uniform size. drilled, threaded and polished. A movable bracket or jaw 205 ls slidably mounted and guided on the pipe 200. The bracket or jaw 205 is provided with a. `threaded socket 206, which socket is adapted to receive the threaded end ||1 of the plunger ||5 oi the ram unit |3. Upon movement of the plunger ||5 the jaw 205 is moved axially along the pipe 200, to cooperate with the pipe 200 by means of the pin 204 against axial and rotary-movement. A nipple member. indicated at 201, connects the bracket 205' to thc base |06 of the ram unit, thel nipple 201 being threaded into the socket 206 of the bracket 20S', and being also threaded into the opening Ii2 in the base |06 of the ram unit. It is therefore apparent. when pressure is applied to the ram cylinder |00. by the flexible hose I6 leading from the pump, that the plunger i I5 will be moved outwardiywith respect to the cylinder, moving the Jaw or bracket 205 toward the fixed jaw or bracket 203. The movable jaw is thus guided in register with Jaw 203 and bracket 205,. Thus, clamping of any suitable members, bending of members, drawing two spaced members toward each other, or other forming operations may be produced by such action.

If it is desired to provide for a wide spacing of the clamp. whereby two spaced frame members may be pulled toward each other, or for similar or analogous operations. an extension pipe connection 2| 0 is provided,'indicated in dotted lines in Figure 19. The extension pipe, indicated in dotted lines at 2|0, is coupled to the pipe 200 by means o f the union 2|2. The bracket 205' is then pinned to the extension pipe 2in adjacent its outer end. and the ram unit I3 is secured thereto in the same manner. The sliding jaw 205 now has a. much greater clamping spread, as indicated by the dimension Y. Thus, upon application of pressure to the ram I3, the plunger IIS moves the jaw 205 toward the union 2 I2, serving to pull spaced frame members toward each other, or similar cpperations,l as desired. It is, of course, to be understood that various lengths of pipes 200 and 2 III may be employed or substituted, as desired, depending` upon the desired spacing for the clamping-jaws.

Referring toFigure 22, I have shown in this figure, the use of the power unit for spreading members apart which have been crushed together, or for similar operations upon metal members. In this particular embodiment the ram unit I3 is provided with a jaw member 2|5 which is threaded to the cap or head |03 of the ram cylinder, being engaged over the threaded portion |04 of the cap. This fixes the position of the spreading jaw 2I5 with respect to the ram unit I3. A second jaw ZIB, having a threaded socket 2|1, is threaded upon the threaded end I |1 of the plunger IIS. Upon application of pressure to the ram the, jaw 2I6 moves outwardly, away from the jaw 2|5, whereby it spreads any metal members which may be in contact with the opposite surfaces of the Jaws 2|5 and 2|6. This spreading operation is usefully employed in connection with the pulling apart or bending of metal members which have been deformed toward each other, or in the straightening of any metal members or frame members which may be deformed and must be spread in this manner.

In Figure 23 I have shown a modified form of spreading Jaws in which the jaw 2|6 is mounted through a suitable stud 2I8 or pipe nipple 201, which has its opposite end threaded into the opening ||2 in the end of the base |06 of the ram unit. This holds the jaw 2I6 in fixed position.

The plunger ||5 carries, upon its threaded end |i1, aspreading bracket 220, which is adapted to have a portion 222 overlying and guided on the outside of the ram unit. A jaw or bracket portion 223 projects laterally in register with the jaw 2I6, and it is moved by the plunger ||5 away from the bracket or jaw 2|6 to produce a spreading action. The spreading action produced may be employed for any purpose to which it is applicable, such as the bending of fenders or running boards away-from the frame of a vehicle, the straightening of cross bracing members, or

-analogous operations in which IA-such action is capable of being employed to produce the desired straightening of metal. plunger ||5 is less in the set-up shown in. Figure 23 than in Figure 22.

In Figures 24 and 25 isdisciosed the provision of a spreading action employed in connection with an extension pipe, forming a.' guide. In these figures an extension pipe 225 is adapted to carry thereon a xed bracket member 226, shown in detail in Figure 24, keyed thereto by means of a suitable pin such as the pin 204. The member 226 has a threaded socket to receive the threaded end I|1 of the plunger IIS of the ram unit I3. A bracket member 221 is adapted to have sliding engagement upon the pipe 225, and is carried in nxed position with respect to the ram unit I3 The'bending stress on by means of a threaded opening adapted to be threaded over the extending portion |04 of the cap |03 of theram member. The jaw 221 therefore moves as an integral part of the ram unit I3. At its opposite end the ram unit is provided with a second sliding jaw or bracket member 229, which member has sliding movement with respect to the base |06 of the ram unit by means of the nipple connection 230. Thus. upon application of pressure to the ram unit, the jaw 229 moves outwardly away from the ilxed Jaw 226 in register therewith, and thereby produces a spreading action between the surfaces of the jaw members 226 and 229. The threaded parts |04 and ||1 are shownA as of "diiferent'diameters They may be of the same pitch and diameter.l

So may the parts |04 and II3. Where the head ||1 is smaller .than part |04 it may be freely passed through an opening which threads upon part |04. If the parts are of the same diameter and pitch, the bracket 2I5, for example, must first be threaded past part. ||1 before it can be threaded upon part |04.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 25, the jaw or bracket member 229 is pinnedl tothe pipe 225 by means of pin 204, and the jaw member 221 is likewise pinned to the pipe by means of a pin 204, and is thus held in ilxed position with respect to the ram unit. The plunger ||5 of the ram unit is adapted to carry on its end the jaw or bracket member 226 which, in this particular embodiment, is not keyed to the pipe 225. fore, upon application of pressure to the ram unit, the plunger ||5 moves outwardly with respect to the jaws 221 and 229, moving the jaw 226 outwardly along thc pipe 225 and producing a. spreading action between either jaws 226 and 221 or jaws 226 and 229. Thus, various spacings between the jaw members and the ram unit may be provided, so that the ram unit may be employed for spreading purposes with practically any given spacing, to accommodate all ordinary' There-

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