US2163149A - Regenerative gas heater with combustion shaft arranged outside the heater casing - Google Patents

Description

vJune 20, 1939. w UNDER 2,163,149

REGENERATIJEv GAS HEATER WITH COMBUSTION SHAFT ARRANGED OUTSIDE THE HEATER CASING LJune 20, 1939. w. I INDER 2,163,149 REGENERTIVE GAS HEATER WITH COMBUSTION SHAFT ARRANGED OUTSIDE THE HEATER CASING Filed May '7, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet '2 /M/W/// 2 ,VK

J Anf Jn ven/om Patented June 20, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE REGENERATIVE GASv HEATER WITH COM- BUSTION SHAFT ARRANGED OUTSIDE THE HEATER CASING Willy Linder, Essen, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Koppers'Company, Pittsburgh,

Pa., a corporation of Delaware 4 Claims.

The present invention rel-ates to those regenerative tower-like gas heaters (system Cowper) for heating-up gases or the like in which the combustion shaft is arranged outside the gas heater itself, and the dome of the gas heater is connected with the dome of the combustion shaft by means of a bricklined channel. l

The object of my invention is to provide such improvements in said g-as heaters which will ensure a perfect assemblage of the bricklining, arranged inside the channel connecting the gas heater proper with the combustion shaft situated outside thereof, as well as a perfect assemblage of the bricklining of both the gas heater dome and combustion shaft dome adjacent to said con-I necting channel, when working at normal temperatures.

The invention mainly consists in arranging the inner refractory bricklining of the dome of the gas heater and of the combustion shaft, as well as the b-ricklining of the connecting channel, in such a manner that the individual parts' of the brickwork, in cold condition, show a definite distance from one another, so that the end faces of the bricklining of the channel and of the dome fit against each other, in hot condition, without causing a considerable pressure.

Another important feature of the present invention is that the individual bricks of the refractory lining of the connecting channel are" staggered and their tongues and grooves fit into each other in such a manner that the various bricks of the bricklining are connected with one another immovably relatively to each other.

Other important objects and features of my present invention will be made apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure and especially from the description of a preferred embodiment of my invention hereinafter disclosed.

With the use of the gas heater of the before mentioned design, it has been found that the' refractory bricklining of the connecting channel, and of the adjacent dome of the gas heater, and the combustion shaft, expand quite different- 1y when they are heated to high temperatures. If, in the bricklining of the connecting channel, only the usual expansion joints between the individual bricks are provided, and if the end bricks of the channel bricklining rest against the dome bricklining, then a high pressure is exerted upon the bricks of the dome lining adjacent to the said channel bricklining. This pressure results from the heat expansion of the individual bricks during the heating-up of the brickwork. It has been found that the pressure necessary for closing the expansion joints in the channel bricklining is considerably greater 'than the pressure which the dome bricklining is able to withstand. Consequently, it easily happens that when heating-up such gas heaters, the dome bricklining becomes loosened in the zones adjacent to the mouth of the connecting channel which connects the dome of the gas heater proper with the dome of the combustion shaft. There is, therefore, the danger that th-e assemblage of the dome bricklining is released, and that finally the dome bricklining will break-down. According to my present invention, this diiculty is overcome by arranging the end bricks of the lining of the channel in such a manner that, at normal temperature, they have a certain distance from the end bricks of the dome bricklining, this distance being such that at working temperature, the spaces between the end bricks of the said bricklining will close on account of the heat expansion of the refractory materials, and the end bricks of the channel lining t against the bricks of the dome lining without buildingup a dangerous pressure.

If the bricks of the channel lining are interconnected in such a manner that they can not be displaced relatively to each other, there results the further advantage that, when cooling-down the gas heater, the end bricks of the channel lining are removed from the mouth of the dome bricklining, and the space between the channel bricklining and the dome lining is thus restored after the bricklining is cooled-down to normal temperatures. In this way, it is possible to design the lining of the gas heater in such manner that even with repeated starting-ups and shutting-downs of the gas heater, the assemblage' of the bricklining in the connecting channel, in the dome of the gas heater, and in the dome of the combustion shaft, is maintained.

With the above and other objects of my invention in view, I will now describe a preferred embodiment of my invention on the lines of the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a vertical section through a part of the gas heater constructed according to my present invention.

Figure 2 shows on an enlarged scale the arrangement of the bricklining at the connecting point between the gas heater dome and the channel bricklining.

In Figure 1 of the drawings, the cylindrical main `casing of the gas heater has been marked l,

said casing being provided with a usual refractory bricklining 2. At the upper end of the heater casing, there is an inclined projection 3 to which is aiixed the casing 4 of the gas heater dome. The base of the dome bricklining 5 is supported upon the inclined projection 3 of the heater casing. The gas-tight connection between the bricklining 2 of the heater and the dome bricklining 5 is effected by a suitable packing 6. The lining 2 of the heater casing I is therefore able to expand towards the top independently of the heater dome.

Near the heater I casing is situated the casing 'I for the combustion shaft which, similar to the heater I, is fitted with a refractory lining 8. Also the combustion shaft casing has an inclined projection 9 on which is supported independently the bricklining 3 of the combustion shaft, the bricklining I0 of the dome II.

The casing 4 of the gas heater dome and the casing I I of the combustion shaft dome are connected with one another by an essentially cylin-` drical pipe I2 which is lined by refractory bricks.

In the construction shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, the projection of the gas heater dome 4 consists preferably of the porous, i. e., slightly elastic outer layers I3 and highly refractory inner layers I4. Similarly, also, the casing I2 of the connecting channel is lined with porous outer layers I5 and highly refractory inner layers I6. The refractory layers I4 and I6 are now laid in cold condition in such a manner that they have a certain distance from one another at the point where the bricklining I6 of the connecting channel touches the dome bricklining I4.

In Figure 2, the dotted lines a indicate the relative positions of the layers of the bricklinings of the dome 4 and casing I2 in cold condition. In this condition, the end bricks of the lining layers I6 and of the layers I4 are a denite distance from one another, marked in Figure 2 with b", b and b".

The dimensions of the spacings of the bricks i4 and I6 from one another are chosen in such a manner that, on the one hand, the dome bricklining I4 may raise and expand Vcorresponding to the heat expansion of the dome brickwork and, on the other hand, also the bricklining I6 of the connecting channel may raise and expand in longitudinal direction. In hot condition, thedome bricklining takes, therefore, the position indicated by the full lines c (Figure 2). It Will be realized that in hot condition, the spaces b, between the end bricks of the bricklining I4 and I6, disappear, and that the end'bricks of the bricklining I4 and I6 nt against one another without a dangerous pressure. This means that, corresponding to the operating condition it is possible to close completely the intermediate spaces b, i. e., so that the bricks of layers'l4 and I6 t against one another with a definite yet harmless pressure, although decreasing the intermediate spaces b to such an extent that an injurious gas circulation in the remaining intermediate spaces, and thus an undesired heat-penetration to the outer layers of the brickwork, is rendered impossible. Of course, the exact design of the bricklining depends on the'operating con-V ditions to be met with in each `individual case.A

The construction as illustrated in Figure 1 of the drawings represents the cold condition of the bricklining, from which those skilled in Ythe art will clearly recognize the spacings b (of Fig. 2)v

between theend bricks of the channel bricklining I6 and the inner layervM `of the dome bricklining. Figure 2 further showsa special connection of the inner layers I6 of the channel bricklining with each other. The bricks of the inner layer I6 of the dome bricklining are tted with grooves II in which engage the corresponding tongues I8 of the bricks of the second or outer layer I6 of the bricklining which bricks are also arranged in staggered position relatively to the bricks of the inner layer. By this arrangement, the bricks of the inner layer I6 of the channel bricklining are connected with one another and also with the bricks of the second lining layer. This offers the advantage that the layers I6 of the channel lining may expand and contract again as one unit, and the essential distance b between the end bricks of the bri'cklining I4 and of the lining I6, when cooling down the gas heater, is restored anew, i. e., any dangerous pressure upon the bricklining of the two dome-like casings is thus avoided.

If necessary, further layers of suitable combustible material may be provided between the layers I6 of the channel lining and the outer layers I5. The layers of such combustible material will burn out when the refractory lining is heated-up to working temperature. layers have disappeared, the layers I6 may move easily relatively to the outer insulating layers I5. Furthermore, it is now possible to arrange expansion joints in the bricklining of the connecting channel, for instance in the centre, which is of advantage if the connecting channel I2 is very long.

Various changes may be made in the details of construction of the apparatus described in the :foregoing specication without departing from the invention and the advantages thereof, since the invention may be variously embodied within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. A regenerative heating system comprising a regenerator tower-like metal casing inner-lined with refractory brickwork and having a metalencased dome inner-lined with refractory brickwork; a combustion shaft therefor arranged outside the same and constituted of a tower-like metal-casing inner-lined with refractory brickwork and having a metal-encased dome innerlined with refractory brickwork; and a connecting channel constituted of a metal-casing inner-lined with refractory brickwork connecting the regenerator dome with the combustion shaft dome; and in which the ends of the end bricks of the inner refractory lining of one of the domes and the ends of the end bricks of the inner lining of the connecting channel, that are adjacent each other, are

disposed relative to each other so as to be so spaced from each other, in cold condition, that the end faces of the channel bricklining will fit in gas tight relation against the end faces of the dome bricklining, without exerting dangerous pressure of expansion on each other, when expanded under heat in operation.

2. A regenerative heating system as claimed in claim 1, and in which the bricks of the refractory lining of theV connecting channel are arranged in superimposed annular layers with the bricks in adjacent layers staggered and interconnected by means of tongue and groove joints.

3. A regenerative heating system comprising a regenerator tower-like metal casing inner-lined with refractory brickwork and having a metalencased ldome inner-lined with refractory brickwork; a combustion shaft therefor arranged outside the sameV and constituted of a tower-like metal-casing inner-lined with refractory 'brick- After said combustible u work; and a connecting channel constituted of a metal-casing inner-lined With refractory brickwork connecting the regenerator dome with the combustion shaft dome; and in which the ends of the end bricks-of the inner lining of the regenerator dome and the ends of the end bricks of the lining of the connecting channel, that are adjacent each other, are disposed relative to each other so as to be so spaced from each other, in cold condition, that the end faces of the lining of the connecting channel will t in gas tight relation against the end faces of the dome bricklining, without exerting dangerous pressure of expansion on each other, when expanded under heat in operation.

4. A regenerative heating system as claimed in claim 3, and in which the end of the bricklining of the dome of the combustion shaft is also arranged so as to be disposed, in cold condition, with a denite spaced distance from the adjacent end faces of the bricklining of the connecting channel, said spacing being of such Width from the end faces of the bricklining, provided in the connecting channel, that the end bricks of the channellining, at hot working temperature, also will t closely in gas tight relation against the adjacent ends of the bricklining of the combustion-shaft dome.

WILLY LINDER.

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