US2161436A - Oil burning apparatus - Google Patents

Description

vJune 6, 1939.

w. J. SMITH x-:r AL

OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 2o, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet vl 02:91: Z El IIN@ ATTORNEY -June 6, 1939 w. J. sMlTH ET AL OIL BURNING APPARATUS lFiled Dec. 20,' 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR all f PefeefeaJeees, 19394 UNITED. STATES I PATENT' QFF'IQE inver, ome, signore to cleveimdsteei Preaucts Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, `i corporation of Ohio Application neeembee 20, 1m, serial Ne. 186,831"

This inventionV relates to oil burners of the rotary wall flame type wherein ignition andv combustion occur at a combustion region near the .combustion chamber wall. 'x' One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a rotary wal1;flame oil burning device with a combustion lproducing element of new and improved construction which is of simple y design yet is economical to manufacture and l0 capable of causing more efficient combustion.

Another object is; to provide a combustion priducing element for oil'burners of the rotary wall llame type, which is so designed as to insure' the breaking up of the oil'into ne particles whereby to provide rapid vaporization l A further object is to provide Va combustion ring having an oil vaporizing element which rapidly heats and cools and which J,includes a n A mesh screen of heat resistant metal. 20 Withthe above and otherl objects in vie-w, the present invention consists in certain features of construction and combinations of parts to be hereinafter described with reference to the ac.

companying drawings, and then claimed'.

" b odiment of the invention, I

' .Figure rl is a -fragmentary vertical section 35 Figure 3 is`an`enlarged fragmentary vertical 'section showing the combustion -ment in' greater detail;

Figure 4 isA an enlarged vertical section producing eletaken yon line- 4-4 of 'Figure 2 showing one oi' thev lo ignition devices in detail; and Y A Figures andv 6 are rearandfbottom viewsr respectively,of thev llame deilecting, devices, :shown in theprevious lviews, showing the oilvaporizing screens :mounted thereon, Figure 5 being taken as looking in the direction. of the arrows.

5-5ofFi11re3. 'fl 1 Referring now 'to the drawings in which-'like numerals refer to Vlilre pfairts throughout.' the several views, the present invention is shown in -burxier comprises a distributor head llfdriven by an electric motor i2, and having.air. propelling In the drawings which illustrate a suitable emconnection with a' furnace Il, equipped with' aul 1 oil burner oi the rotary wall llame type. j Ihe oil combustion chamber i5, and above a hearth element I6, of suitable refractory, such as metal or ceramic material, extending to `the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber` I5, so that` the oil and air will travel, upon rotation of the head Il, outwardly iny a horizontal direction above the hearth element I8 toward a combustionregion near the combustion chamber wall.

The improved combustion element of the presentinvention includes an endless element I1 of ceramic or metallic material having a relatively thin wall i8 extending upwardly from the hearth to a region above the path 'of discharge of oil from tubes Il and .spaced inwardly from the combustion chamber wall to provide an annular chamber I8 therebetween, and ai wall 20 radially inwardly of the wall i8, extending upwardly from the' hearth element I6 to provide an air deflecting surface, the upper edge v of the wall 2li being fbelow thepath of oilrdischarge, there being a trough or gutter 2l between the walls4 il and 20 for a purpose tofbe later described. The two 'walls Il and 2l may be formed integrallynas ilyinsti-ated in the drawings, or; ii' desired, they may -be supported separately on the hearth element i8 in spaced relation to form the trough 2|.

The combustion element includes in addition Ito the wall il a series of vertically extending fuel intercepting elements 22 disposed radially inwardly ofthe wall Il in 'spaced relation with mesh screen material .formed oi' wovenhighly heat resistant material, such as chrome-nickel or chrome-steel wire. .Although the elements 22 areshown tobe spaced from eachgother, they may. be integral and formed from a single strip of -meshmateriaL The elements 22 may be supported'invarious manners adjacent the inner surface oi the wall il., However, we have shown,

@for convenience oi illustration, a noveimanner l. oi' supporting these elements by means oi which the elements, when separately formed, can be lvery'easily mounted. A

We have shown-in the various views in comblnation with the combustion element aeseries of flame controlling elements 23 which direct the vaporizd i'uel'v Il toward theco `ustion chamber wall,,/ nd together with thechamber Il, which provides a low pressure area, assist in increasing the speed -of combustionand inholding the flame down near the combustion ring.

,blades la and mei en disehegetubesu. :een er che neme-controlling elements' za 'igsheaa is located eentrany'wimm 'the an imperforate portipnjt d air outwardly. over th .wall' above the upperedge of the wall I8,`a n imperforate portion 25 extending downwardly from one edgeat an angle, as shown in Figure 3, to overhang the trough 2| and the upper edge of 5 the Wall 20, and a series of narrow ngers 26 ex tending outwardly from the other edge thereof to overhangv the vchamber I9, adjacent fingers.

Each iiame intercepting element or screen 22 is supported vfrom a flan'iecont-rolling element 2 3 as -shown in Figures 3, 5, and 6. The upper edge of element22 is preferably oiset to provide a flange which is secured, preferably, by welding, to the depending strips 21 a substantial distance below the portion 24, and the side edges of element 22 are also formed with anges 3I` which engage with the inner/surfaces of the wall Il to steady the element 22. y

It is thus seen that the by the flame controlling lements and-it is ob- A vious that each flame controlling element can be easily mounted on the wall I8 by sliding the forked ends 28'of the strips 21 over the uppef edge of the lIgnition may' be accomplished by any suitable means suchas by an electric spark and in this connection we have -shown a pair of'sparkde-f vices 32 'disposed substantially' opposite to each other. Each spark device 32 comprises electrodes 33 and 34. The electrode 33 is. in the form of a ,block 35 of carbonaceous material molded with` in an aperture 38, provided in a portion of the wall I8, and' about a conductor strip 31l which is securedfto a conductor rod 38. The conductor rod 3M extends through the base portion oi' the walljand within an' insulator 38a embedded in the hearth element I6 to a region below the hearth element I6. y The electrode 34 is inthe form of a conductor rod 39 extending through an insulatorl to a region below the hearth celement I6, the insulator '40 being lsupported by an in'-v wardly extending, extension 4I of the combustion ring as shown in Figure 4. The upper end 42 of the electrode-rod 39 extends outwardly over the trough 2-I and below portion 25 o f the flame controlling element`23 to a position adjacent the screen 22 and in alignment with the electrode block 35, so'that when an electric potential is created a spark'will p ass betweenlthe end 42 of the electrode rod 39and the electrode block' 3l.

The name controlling elementsy 23 -may be mounted in endwise spaced relation as shown inl Figures 1 and v2, orifA desired, theymay bein abutting relation. y 55A In the 'operation ofthe apparatus described oil l and air are thrown outwardly by they rotary headv II toward the combustion 'element I1. The' fine imesh screen 22 breaks thisv "oil u'p-,into' minute particles, the greater portion. of the same during the initial-starting period, passing through, the screen and impactinggagainst the inner face of the Wall I8 where due to the fpassageof sparks between the electrodes 33 and` 34 the oil is ig' nited', a portion of the oil collecting in the gutter '75 2l and burningv therefrom. Some or the air elements 22 are wall I8 to support the same directly on this wall.'

passes directly through the screen 22 with the oil, intimately mixing with the nely divided oil particles, and a portion of the air strikes the inner wall 2l where it is deflected in an upward direction` toward the screen 22 and wall I8 to create 5 eddy currents, these currents having a rolling action somewhat as shown in Figure 3. Also the air striking the wall I8 is deflected upwardly and v fby reason of the imperforate portions 24 and 25 of the flame controlling elements 23 is caused by. 10 the eddying currents to travel outwardly toward the combustion chamber wall through the spaces or passageways 23 between the imperforate portions 24 of' the elements 23 and the upper edge ofthewalll.v

Upon ignition of the oil by the electric sparks, thesmali amount of oil collecting in the gutter on the face of the wall` I8 andon the, screen burns, heating the wall I8 and very rapidly heating the highly heat conductive screen. When the 20 screen becomes hot, the oil striking the same isl vaporized and the gases pass therethrough where they intimately mingle with the eddying currents of air and iiow through the passageways 29 and this combustible mixture results in the initiation 25 of a flame adjacent the combustion chamber wall and in the region of the alternating ngers 26 which'after the burner is in operation a very short time become highly heated. The wall I8 also bec omes highly heated and assists in vaporizing Inot 30 onlythe oil impacting the screen 22 but valsoany of the iine particles of oil which may pass through thev screen 22. 4 l l The highly heated ngers 28 cause greater tur.- bulence and consequently better mixing and va- ,35

' poriaationJ which provides for more emcient combustion. v

The screen 22, due to the small diameter of the many wires comprising the same, heats extremely rapidly, especially drirg'the initial starting of 40 the bu'rner, and reaches anoil vaporizing temperature a fewfseconds after the oil is ignited by the 'ignition device. This provides for the V attainment of complete combustion 'within an extremely-short period. Also, the screen cools very 45 'rapidly after operation of -the burner ceases. Such characteristics are extremely desirable for eiiicient operation cf oil burningdevices of thel rotary wall flame type.

It is'to be clearly understood that the present 5m invention is not limited to the exact constructionand arrangement of parts shown, and that various modiiications may beI made without departing -from the spirit and substance of the appended 'claimt Whaifwe claim is:

1; -In combination in an oil 'burning apparatus having a hearth and 'means for-projecting oil and ai!" across the hearth, la combustion ring of A imperforate material extending .upwardly from 00 the hearth in the path of fuel projection, and 1 means immediately in front or saidrmg for finely dividing and vaporing the 'discharged oil comprising a `fine mesh' refractory screen of high heat resistance.

2. In combination in anvoil burning apparatus Y havinga hearth and means for projecting oil and v air across the hearth, a combustion promoting structure comprisinga narrow'fimperforate ring v disposed in the path of i'uel projection .and a ne 70` sistant metalii 7 mesh refractory screen of heat re front of and spaceda short/distance from said ring for intermingling discharged oil and air, said ring and screen causing rapid vaporization4 of theoil. 75

3. In an oil burning device of the wall flame type having a combustion chamber in which oil and airis passed through a portion'of the combustion chamber to a combustion region, an oil and air mixing and vaporizing structure disposed at said combustion regionin they path of said oil and air comprising an upright narrow wall of refractory material and a refractory4 metallic screen of fine mesh supported in closely spaced relation in front of said wall, and a flame controlling member supported above said mixing and vaporizing structure in spaced relation thereto, said flame controlling memberbeing of thin refractory material and having an imperforate portion disposed above said mixing and vaporizing structure in'spaced relation and projecting inv advance thereof for directing the vaporized mixture outwardly over said,fwa1l.

4'. In combination in an oil burning apparatus having a hearth, means for projecting oil and having a hearth, means for projecting oil and air across the hearth and an upright oil intercepting v wall, metallic means supporting said flame conair across the hearth and an upright oil intercepting wall in the path of the projected oil, a flame controlling member of metal spaced above said wall and supported thereon, and a ne mesh refractory metallic'screen supported by said flame controlling member and extending. downwardlyin front of said wall across the path of the projected oil.

5. In combination in an oil burning apparatus having a hearth, means for projecting oil and air across thehearth and an upright 'oil intercepting wall inthe path of the projected' oil, a flame controlling memberof metal spaced above said wall and supported thereon, and a ine mesh refractory metallic screen supported by said flame controlling member and extending downwardly' in front of said wall across the path of the projected oil and in slightly spaced relation -with respect to the oil intercepting surface of said wall. 6. In combination in an oil burning apparatus trol member on said wall, and a metallic screen secured to said metallic means and extending downwardly in front of said wall across the path of the projected oil.

'1. In combination'in an oil burning apparatus having a hearth, means for projecting oil and air across the hearth and an upright oil intercepting wall in the path of the projected oil, a ame controlling member of metal spaced above said wall, metallic means supporting said iiame control member on said wall, and a metallic screen secured to said metallic means and extendring downwardly .in front ofV said wall acrossthe path of the projected oil, said screen having edge flange portions engaging'said wall to hold the body portion in spaced relation with respect to said wall. v

8. In combination with the hearth ofv an oil burning apparatus and means for projecting oil 'and air across the hearth to a combustion region buter wall and rearwardly of said inner wall, said inner and outer walls forming a trough for receiving oil during thestarting period o f said apparatus and being so disposed with respect to said screen that the oil burning therein wiil'preheat said screen.

WILLIAM J. SM1-rn, WILLIAM w. smorrr.

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