US2154924A - Hair waving - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. 18, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HAIR WAVING No Drawing. Application June 2; 1937, Serial No. 145,948

8 Claims.

Compositions for use in those procedures which accomplish the so-called permanent waving of hair and which contain certain organic bases, or amines, of the class of which morpholine is typical, have been disclosed and claimed in copending application Serial No. 145,949, filed June 2, 1937 by A. L. Wilson. The organic bases of the class mentioned are water-soluble, volatile, mildly alkaline compounds which are capableof evapo 10 rating while exerting a substantially constant alkaline action on the hair, and their use is highly desirable from many standpoints.

This invention concerns improvements in hair waving compositions in which the softening i3 agents discussed above are combined with various modifying materials. It is a principal object of the invention to provide compositions containing ingredients selected to enable the fullest advantages to be derived from the use of the softening 30 agents described.

The organic bases useful in this invention may be chosen from a group including morpholine and the addition and substitution products of morpholine which are watersoluble and basic in character. These should be selected from the class of such products whose boiling points, or the boiling points of their aqueous solutions, lie between about 80 and 140 C. Representative substances which are satisfactory are 2,6 di- 30 methyl morpholine, N-ethyl morpholine, N-

methyl morpholine, N-ethoxy ethyl morpholine. N-vinoxy ethyl morpholine, and related alkyl, alkylene, alkyloxy and alkylenoxy derivatives of morpholine. Morpholine,

35 omon CHLCHt is a mildly alkaline, water-soluble liquid of mod- 40 erate volatility which is non-hygroscopic, and which has a faintly ammoniacal odor. It boils at 128.3 C., and it has a specific gravity of 1.0016 at /20 C. A aqueous solution of morpholine has a pH of about 11.2, and it can be used 45 in the compositions of this invention in concentrations of from 3% to about The substances described exert a very beneficial with such materials as weakly adhesive thickeners, oils or fats, hygroscopic materials, and emulsifying agents. For example, the waving action is facilitated, and increased crispness is secured, by including rosin, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, or the like in the composition. Oils and fatty substances, such as mineral oils, lanolin, olive oil, castor oil and related oleaginous materials, have a beneficial effect on the hair and may be used in various amounts. Glycerol and the alkylene l0 and polyalkylene glycols may be used in suitable small amounts to utilize the softening effect of moisture retained in the hair by their hygroscopicity. Suitable emulsifying agents may be used to form the entire composition into emull5 sions for convenient application. The emulsifying agents preferred are those resulting from the combination of higher fatty acids or the like with morpholine or the morpholine addition or substitution product used as the hair softening 20 agent. In this case, the organic base of the emulsifier performs two functions, since its alkalinity will be available to at least some extent as the waving operation proceeds.

The following examples of hair waving compo- 25 sitions and procedures will illustrate the invention:

Example 1 The hair to be waved was segregated in tresses 30 and thoroughly wetted with a composition composed of 16% of morpholine and about 1% of light wood rosin dissolved in water. The tresses were then wound tightly on mandrels of the type customary in permanent waving practices, and subjected to heat applied electrically by means of resistance elements. After about 15 minutes, the heating was discontinued, and finally the hair was released from the mandrels.

This operation produced deep, crisp waves which were natural in appearance, and which rendered subsequent hair dressing very easy. The hair retained most of its natural lustre, and was free of harsh, brittle ends which not infrequently appear in waving operations.

Example 2 oleic acid. 56'

Another composition was prepared from 10.0% of a mixture of castor and olive oils, 1.8% stearic acid, 15.3% morpholine and 72.9% water, all weight. The stearic acid was melted in the oils and 0.9 part by weight of morpholine was stirred in to form a clear solution. To this were then slowly added 10 parts of water which resulted in a thick, creamy emulsion. The balance of the water and morpholine was added to the initial emulsion to give a stable, mobile fluid for use directly as a permanent waving liquid.

Example 4 A composition containing both rosin and oils was formed of the following materials:

Per cent by weight Mixed castor and olive oils 9. 9 Stearic a 1.8 Morpholine 15. 2 Light rosin 1.0 Perfume oils 0.8 Water. '72. 0

As in the previous example, the oils were emulsified with the stearic acid, part of the morpholine and some of the water. The rosin was heated with half its weight of morpholine to give a clear solution to which was slowly added the remainder of the morpholine and water. This rosin solution was then stirred into the oil emulsion.-

- The foregoing compositions are all concerned with morpholine itself as the organic base, but it will be understood that the other substances of the general class shown may be substituted for it on an equivalent weight basis. It will, of course, be clear that various scented materials or medicaments can be included in the compositions of this invention, and that many variations in the specific compositions are possble.

The waving operations using the compositions of this invention follow, in general, the usual practice in this art. It is preferable to apply the waving liquid to the hair after it has been separated into tresses, and before it is wound on mandrels or curlers, but these operations may be carried out in reverse order if desired. Heat ingperiods of 5to minutes are usually sumcient, and in most cases heat need not be be applied for more than about 10 minutes. Electrical resistance elements form the customary heat source, but heat generated chemically or otherwise can also be used. Evaporation of the waving liquid at atmospheric temperatures only is adequate in some cases.

The production of lasting waves by means of the compositions and methods of this invention has been uniformly successful on almost all types of hair. Even in those cases where bleaching or dyeing of the hair precluded successful waving by previously known methods, it was found that the compositions of this invention permitted satisfactory waving to be carried out. This has also been found to be true in instances where waving by other means had subjected the hair to such drastic treatment as to damage its structure severely. In almost every instance the compositions of this invention have been found to produce waves of adequate depth and desirable crispness. Repeated use of our new fluids has shown that no detectable injury to the hair results, and, in fact, such repeated use has induced a very satisfactory physical condition of the hair.

Modification of numerous features of the compositions and procedures described will be apparent, and such variations are included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A hair waving preparation which comprises an aqueous solution containing from about 10% to about 20% by weight of morpholine and about 1% by weight of rosin.

2. A hair waving preparation which comprises an aqueous composition essentially containing from about 3% to about of morpholine together with an oil.

3. A hair waving preparation which comprises an aqueous composition essentially containing a morpholine, which composition boils between about 80 and about 140 C., together with an oleaginous material and an emulsifying agent formed by the reaction of a morpholine and a higher fatty acid.

4. A hair waving preparation which comprises an aqueous composition composed of about 9.9%

of a mixture of castor and olive oils, about 15.2% morpholine, about 1.0% rosin, about 1.8% stearic acid and about 72% water, the whole being emulsified by means of the reaction product of the stearic acid with part of the morpholine.

5. Method of waving hair which comprises forming the hair into waves and fixing the wave therein by the action of heat and a softening agent comprising an aqueous composition essentially containing a morpholine, which composition boils between about 80 and about 140 C., together with an oleaginous material and an emulsifying agent formed by the reaction of a morpholine and a higher fatty acid.

6. A hair waving preparation which comprises an aqueous composition containing from about 10% to about 20% by weight of a morpholine, said composition boiling between about 80 and about 140 C., and about 10% by weight of oil, the whole being emulsified by means of the reaction product of part of the morpholine with a small amount of a higher fatty acid.

7. A hair waving preparation which comprises an aqueous composition containing from about 10% to about 20% by weight of morpholine, about 10% by weight of oil and about 1% by weight of rosin, the Whole being emulsified by means of a small amount of the reaction product of stearic acid and morpholine.

8. A hair waving preparation which comprises an aqueous composition containing from about 10% to about 20% by weight of morpholine, about 10% by weight of oil and about 1% by weight of rosin, the whole being emulsified by means of a small amount of the reaction product of oleic acid and morpholine.

ALEXANDER L. WILSON. HENRI MORIN.