US2039515A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

May 5, 1936- o. L. BESINGER BOILER Filed May 31, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet l v orgy.

y 5, 1936- I o. BESINGER I 5 BOILER Filed- May 31, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 filial? L. ,Besg'ger May 5, 1936. o. L. BESINGER BOILER Filed May 51, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet s May 5, 1936. o. L. BESINGER 2,039,515

BOILER Filed May 31, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented May 5, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BOILER Ollie L. Besinger, Chicago, Ill.

Application May 31, 1934, Serial No. 728,358 10 Claims. (01. 122-172) The invention relates to improvements in water heating devices and particularly to the construction and co-operative arrangement of parts in boilers or hot water heaters.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved boiler with means enabling the water in the boiler to take up and carry into the radiation system a maximum amount of heat units, by minimizing the loss of heat units through the stack usually resulting from an ineiiicient arrangement of baffles provided to retard the natural movement of heat units out of the boiler.

Another object is to provide a boiler of the character referred to with means to increase the circulation of water throughout the entire heating system, thus preventing stagnation of the water in the water tubes and water jacket of the boiler.

Another object is to provide an improved heat ing plant with an improved auxiliary water heater, thereby insuring complete utilization of the heat units before they reach the stack.

Another object is to provide a boiler of the character described, with an improved fuel magazine, preferably formed integral therewith and having novel means to prevent said magazine from burning off or out.

Another object is to provide a boiler constructed in a manner to facilitate ready assembly and disassembly of major parts for making repairs.

Another object is to provide a boiler with improved water tubes depending from a crown sheet, having means to prevent sagging of said crown sheet.

The foregoing and such other objects of the invention as will appear hereinafter as the description proceeds, will be more readily understood from a perusal of the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical central sectional view through the improved boiler.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view, taken substantially on line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view, taken on line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through a portion of the boiler, taken substantially at right angles to Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view through a modified boiler of the improved construction having a magazine feed.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view, taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view, taken on line of Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view through the magazine and through adjacent Water passages.

Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal central sectional view through another form of heating plant.

Fig. 10 is a horizontal sectional view, taken on line |U-l0 of Fig. 9.

The improved boiler preferably is of all steel construction, welded together and arranged to insure a maximum amount of circulation of water throughout the entire heating system. The heating plant, as shown in various forms, is -provided with novel means to carry the water downwardly directly into the combustion chamber, where it takes up the maximum amount of heat units and rapidly flows into various parts of the system, thereby insuring complete circulation. of the water and preventing'stagnation in the water tubes and in the water jacket surrounding the combustion chamber. 4

The boiler is provided with improved means to remove effectively nearly all, and in most cases all, of the heat units from the oils and gases rising from the combustion chamber prior totheir being discharged through the stack opening. Removal of the heat units is effected withi out burning immediately the oils and gases upon their rising from the fire, said removal being eifected by a novel and scientific arrangement of passageways and baflies to slow down the movement of the heat units towards the stack opening. This slowing down is effected in such portions of the boiler where the heat units may be readily taken up by the water in the water jacket of the boiler and carried into the heating system.

Retarding the movement of the heat units with the improved arrangement of baflies does not restrict the flow of oils, gases, and non-inflammables toward the stack opening. Smoke, soot, and other non-inflammable material is carried to the stack with the oils and gases, Without being deposited in the boiler, as ordinarily occurs in heating plants of known construction. A deposit of non-inflammable material upon the various heating surfaces would quickly destroy the heat absorbing value of such surfaces and decreases the purpose for which the heat units, 1

oils, and gases were retarded.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, the improved heating plant or boiler II has a vertically arranged cylindrical combustion chamber 12 and a water jacket l3, extending therearound from top to bottom, be-

tween inner and outer steel shells 4 and I5. The inner shell |4 preferably is flanged outwardly at its upper end to provide a seat l6 for receiving thereover a water head H. The flange forming seat I6 closes the upper end of the water jacket 3, and an annulus l'la closes the bottom, said annulus preferably being spaced above the floor line, as shown, to allow free air circulation therebeneath.

The water jacket l3 and the water head or header I! may be inter-connected in any suitable manner. One form of such a connection is illustrated in Fig. 1, wherein connections l3 are shown. It is preferable that two of these connections be provided, as shown, to connect the header and the water jacket, each preferably including a suitable threaded nipple |9 at one end, secured, in any suitable manner, in the water head H. A T 2| is mounted upon the extending end of said nipple to receive threadingly one end of a substantially vertically disposed pipe 22. The other end of the pipe 22 is threadingly secured in an elbow 23, communieating with the water jacket 13 through a nipple 24.

Assembly of the water connection at I8 is effected by screwing the pipe 22 in the T 2| to allow the elbow 23 to be secured in place on the nipple 24. When the elbow 23 is in vertical alignment with pipe 22, said pipe is screwed from the T 2| and into threaded engagement with the elbow 2'3, and a plug 25 is inserted in the open end of the T 2|, completely sealing the connection. A look nut 26 and washer 21, co-operating with the pipe 22 and T 2| securely lock said pipe against movement and prevent leakage.

The crown sheet 28 of the header I! is provided with a plurality of water tubes 29, each depending vertically therefrom into the combustion chamber I2. Centrally mounted in each of said tubes is an interior pipe 3|, having its upper open end extending above the inside face of the crown sheet 28, and its lower open end-extending below the lower end of the tube 29.

The portion of each pipe 3| extending above the crown sheet 28 preferably is cut away at 32 to provide a lip or flange 33 for overlying a portion of the upper open end of tube 29. The lips 33 provide means to suspend the pipes 3| in axial alignment with and within the tubes 29 and said pipes are secured in this position by welding said lips to the inside face of the crown sheet 28. Suitable means, such as rivets or offset members 34, are provided adjacent the lower end of the interior pipes 3| for maintaining under all conditions, but not anchoring, said lower end central of the pipe 29.,

Each of the tubes 29 communicates with and has its lower end preferably welded to a cleanout pan or lower header 35. The lower end of each interior tube 3| extends into said header and terminates a short distance above the inside face of the bottom wall.

The header 35 preferably is circular and substantially smaller in diameter than the inside diameter of shell H of the water jacket l3. A plurality of openings 36 are provided in the header to insure free upward movement of the oils and gases from the fire into the upper portion of the combustion chamber and around tubes 29.

A horizontal battle 3! divides the upper portion of the combustion chamber into two parts to retard, temporarily, the flow of oils and gases out of the combustion chamber through openings 38,

provided in its upper end. Upon reference to Fig. 2 it will be noted that the oils and gases must move around the tubes 29 to the front side of the combustion chamber before passing upwardly of the bafile 31.

When the boiler is to be placed in operation, the header water jacket l3, and tubes 29 and pipes 3|, together with lower header 35, and the radiation system, are filled with water. When a fire (coal, oil or gas) is started in the combustion chamber 2, the tubes 29, being in im mediate contact with the flames, hot oils, and gases arising from the fire, reach a high temperature, and the water in the header 35 and in the annular space between the interior pipes 3| and tubes 29 immediately takes heat units therefrom. The water in the header 35 and in the space between interior pipes 3| and outer tubes 29 thus becomes lighter than the water within the interior pipes 3| and consequently rises, thus effecting a downward flow of water through the interior pipes 3| into the lower portion of the header 35. It can readily be understood that a continuous upward flow of water is maintained in the tubes 29 around pipes 3|,

and the more heat taken on by said tubes, the

faster the flow is.

The water entering the interior pipes 3| flows across the inside face of the crown sheet 28 over the flanges 33 into the openings 32, provided adjacent the upper end of said pipes, without interfering with the upward flow of the water around the extended portion of the interior pipes. The general construction and method of circulating the water through the depending tubes 3| and pipes 29 are fully shown and described in the U. S. Patent #1525286, issued April 19, 1927, to Daniel Judson Shaffer, to which the present applicant has an exclusive license. The flow of water across the inside face of the crown sheet 28 and downwardly into the interior pipes 3| insures a constant upward flow of water in the water jacket 3, thus preventing stagnation of water therein, and cold spots in the water jacket. Fresh water and water returning from the radiation system is admitted into the bottom of the water jacket through the lead 39.

In the improved system, the water flows through the radiation system into the lower end of the water jacket through the inlet 39, up over the crown sheet, down inside of the pipes 3| into the lower header, and upwardly between pipes 3| and tubes 29 into the header, and out back into the radiation system through the leads 4|.

It will be noted that since the inside shell M of the water jacket I3 is in direct contact with the combustion chamber, the water in the water jacket takes on heat units before reaching the depending tubes, with the resultant increase in the flow of water upwardly therein. The continuous flow of water through the tubes and the water jacket and over the crown sheet prevents burning out or otherwise injuring the tubes, the crown sheet, or the water jacket wall, by the hot fire. This is because the hotter the fire, the more rapid the flow of water, and the more rapidly are the heat units taken out of the metal and carried away into the radiation system.

Pressure on the crown sheet of a boiler often is a source of danger, especially in the common type of a boiler having flues rolled into the crown sheet. Expansion and contraction, together with bending of the crown sheet, soon cause such boilers to leak badly and they never are wholly free from leaks for any great length of time.

The crown sheet in the improved boiler is given additional strength by the installation of the improved double-walled circulating tubes, the outer shells of which are held at their lower ends in fixed vertical alignment with each other, by the lower header 35. The tube ends are rigidly held, relative to each other, and being. free from the header H, or any other fixed part of the boiler construction, the entire tubular system is free to expand and contract as a unit without breaking any seams, since the lower ends of the tubes are held in such vertical position, the crown sheet cannot sag, because such sagging necessarily would require spreading of the tubes, relative to each other, or set up a bending of said tubes.

This is impossible in the present device because of its rigid unitary construction.

It will also be seen that the interior pipes 3| are free of the outer tubes, with the exception of lips 33 at the uppermost end of the interior pipes, which are welded to the crown sheet. Any downward pressure upon the crown sheet, tending to deflect the tubes, is placed upon the marginal edge: of the crown sheetand upon shoulder I6, where the boiler is of the greatest strength.

Should it become necessary to remove the header and its tubular system from the boiler, such removal may readily be effected by disconnecting the connections l8 and raising the entire header and tubular system away from the shoulder 16.

The hot oils and gases passing out of the combustion chamber, through openings 38 in the upper end thereof, enter into a hot air chamber or smoke jacket 42, which extends from top to bottom of the boiler around the back side thereof. The front ends of the hot air chamber are closed by Walls 43 having openings 44 therein, closed by suitable screw threaded plugs 45.

The connections l8, which are arranged within the chamber 42, preferably are enclosed by partition walls 46 and 41 to prevent loss of heat units. An opening 48, normally closed by a slide gate 49, permits an access to be had to the connection I8 without opening the entire hot air chamber to atmosphere. Horizontally arranged baffles 5| are provided at regularly spaced intervals in the chamber 42, each alternate bafile extending from the opposite wall of the chamber to slow up the movement of the oils and gases entering the upper end of said chamber during their downward flow towards the stack opening 52, which preferably is centrally arranged at the lowest point in said chamber.

The baflles 5| preferably are cut away in part, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, to admit into the hot air chamber an auxiliary water heater 53. This heater is primarily designed to supply water for ordinary household purposes, and. is constructed on the same principle as the double-wall tubular system in the boiler. This water heater preferably includes an upper header 54, formed arcuate-shaped to conform to the contour of the outer wall 55 of the chamber 42, having the double-wall circulating tubes 56 depending therefrom with their lower ends secured in and communicating with a lower header 51.

The water heater may be secured in place in any approved manner. However, it is preferable that suitable hooks 58 be provided on the outer wall 55 in the chamber 42, adjacent the top sheet 59, for co-operating with suitable eyelets 6|, secured to the upper side of the upper header 54, whereby the entire water heater is suspended freely in the chamber 42, with its lower end terminating above the stack opening 52. In this form of heater the interior pipes am, of the circulating tubes, preferably are split to provide outwardly bent lips 62 to bear against the side walls of the lower header, for maintaining said interior pipes in alignment with and spaced from their respective outer tubes 29a.

The auxiliary water heater takes up and utilizes any heat units remaining in the oils, gases, and non-inflammables passing towards the stack opening 52, and provides a suflicient supply of hot water. This additional removal of heat units re.- duces the stack temperature to a minimum.

Also arranged within the chamber 42, preferably where the bafiles 5| are cut away, is a series of vertically arranged pipes I3a which are connected at their upper ends through a header |3b with the water jacket l3 and at their lower end by pipe connections I 30 (Fig. 3) with said jacket. These pipes take on heat units from the gases passing through the smoke chamber 42 thus further reducing heat loss and. increasing the rate of heating and efiiciency of the plant. Actual experiment with the present form of boiler has shown that extremely low stack temperatures are possible; whereas, normally, stack temperatures in hot water boilers of ordinary construction seldom fall below 200 F. It can readily be understood that most of the heat units are utilized in the improved boiler, without necessitating increased or forced firing with the resultant waste in fuel. The entire hot water system functions perfectly with a medium fire, under all conditions.

The adaptation of fuel magazines for coal burning boilers heretofore has been impractical,

because of the cost of replacing the magazine, following its burning out from excessive heat. The improved boiler construction is such that a fuel magazine may successfully be applied. As shown in Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, a supply chamber or fuel magazine in the form of a cylindrical shell 63 extends downwardly through upper header I1 and lower header 35. The shell 63 terminates flush with the bottom face of the lower header 35, centrally above the grates 64 in chamber l2.

As shown, a large quantity of fuel is placed in the magazine 63 to feed automatically down upon the grate, without necessitating constant atten tion. The magazine feed may be closed by a suitable closure 65. To prevent burning out of the magazine feed 63, a cylindrical shell 66 is arranged therearound, connecting the crown sheet of the upper header I1 and lower header 35,

whereby a wall of water is maintained around the magazine over its entire length. Circulation of water in the space between shell 66 and the wall of magazine 63, is effected by inserting therein a double-walled annulus 61, formed substantially like the double-walled circulating tubes heretofore described, which extends upwardly into the upper header I! and terminates adjacent the bottom of the lower header 35.

At regular spaced intervals a lip or spout 68 is formed in the upper end of the outer wall of annulus 61, said spouts allowing for a continuous flow of water across the inside face of the crown sheet 28, into the space between the inner and outer walls of the annulus 61. The downward flow of water between said walls is substantially as set forth regarding the double-walled circulating tubes. When the water is heated, it rises on both sides of the annulus between wall 66 and magazine wall 63, respectively, into the upper header, and thus out through leads 4|.

As illustrated in Fig. 8, the annulus 61 is selower header are also connected by a plurality of circumferentially arranged spaced doublewalled circulating tubes 29 of the construction heretofore described, thereby completing the depending, tubular portion of the plant. The entire depending portion is entirely free of any connection with the fixed parts of the boiler construction, except for its connection with the crown sheet 28, thus expansion and contraction are freely provided for without injuring the welded seams joining the parts.

In this form of boiler, a modified form of connections 12 is shown. This connection preferably is formed of a pair of elbows having flanges 73 on one end joined together by suitable bolts 14 with the usual copper water seal gasket 15 therebetween. The unfianged end of each elbow, when they are so joined, terminates in the header H and waterjacket l3, respectively, whereby water is free to..flow upwardly from the water jacket, through the connections 12, into the header ll. By removing bolts 14, the header may be disconnected from the water jacket and the entire tubular system and fuel magazine removed from the combustion chamber, when necessary.

In Fig. 9, another form of heating plant is shown, employing the improved construction. The plant includes a water tank or header 8| havinga plurality of double-Walled circulating tubes 29 depending therefrom. The tubes preferably are arranged in groups, as shown, those at the forward end of the header 8| terminating above the burner 82 in the combustion chamber 83. The remaining tubes extend to substantially the floor line of the boiler, and suitable water legs 84, 85 and 86 are provided between adjacent groups of tubes to deflect and slow up the outflow of oils and gases and non-inflammables to the stack 87. To insure free circulation of flame and hot gases around the tubes 29 in the forward group, the lower water head 88, which is of similar construction as the water head 35 hereinbefore described, is provided with a plurality of openings 89, to permit the gases to rise therethrough and circulate about the groups of tubes therein.

The course of the gases from the burner 82 to the stack 8'! is substantially as follows: The gases arising from the burners pass through and around the water head 88, circulate about the tubes 29, heating them sufficiently to circulate the water therein and flow vertically over the water leg 84, then downwardly and around the intermediate group of circulating tubes 29, beneath waterleg 85, and outwardly above the water leg 86, after circulating about the rearmost group of tubes. Gases flowing over water leg 86 pass downwardly through the hot air chamber 9| and into the stack 81. Fresh air may be admitted directly into the stack 81 through a movable closure 92, provided in one wall thereof, to retard further the outward flow of gases.

A water heater 93, provided for service use, is suspended in the hot air chamber 9|, said heater being substantially that form of heater previously described.

The particular arrangement of the water legs 84, 8.5, and 8.6, together with the grouping of the water tubes, is such that the entire heating plant may readily be cleaned by entrance through the'clean-out doors 94 and 95.

It is to be understood that each of the heating plants shown in the drawings and described in the foregoing are to be provided with the usual gauges and safety valves and clean-out doors common to such heating plants and which have not been shown in view of simplifying the illustration. Suitable drain outlets 96 for draining the system of water also are to be provided.

When the auxiliary water heater 93 is not employed, baffles (Fig. 1) 5| are to extend entirely through the hot air chamber 42. The entire improved structure is welded throughout, thus pro- Viding a very sturdy, self-contained heating plant which maybe completely assembled at the time of manufacture and readily set up in place upon making the required connections with the water system and stack in the building in which it is installed.

The improved boiler is very sensitive to any fire on the grate, however low, hence the slightest amount of heat increasing the temperature of the water in the lower water head and circulating tubes, immediately causes said water to rise, with the resultant downflow of cold water, thus causing circulation throughout the whole system.

Although exemplary forms of an improved heating plant have been shown in the accompanying drawings and described in detail in the foregoing specification, it is to be understood that the various units making up the improved water heater may embody such modifications in detail structure as will facilitate manufacture and installation without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a boiler, the combination of a combustion chamber; an upper header, a water jacket forming a wall of said combustion chamber connected adjacent its top with said header, a plurality of water tubes open at both ends depending from said header into said combustion chamber, a header connecting the lower ends of said water tubes, and means in each of said water tubes extending into said headers to facilitate circulation of water therein.

2. In a boiler, the combination of a combustion chamber and a header, with a fuel magazine extending vertically through and below said header, a water chamber around said magazine depending from said header, an annulus in said water chamber to increase the water circulation therein, said annulus comprising spaced walls extending from said header into the lower end of said water chamber, and means on the upper end of said annulus to hold said annulus suspended midway between the walls of said water chamber.

3. A boiler comprising, in combination, a combustion chamber having a fire grate therein, a

water jacket surrounding said combustion chamber, a fuel magazine centrally arranged over and spaced above said grate communicating with the outside of said boiler, a header above said combustion chamber through which said fuel magazine extends, a plurality of water tubes depending from said header into said combustion chamber, an annular lower header carried on the end of said fuel magazine connecting the lower open ends of said water tubes, and a cylindrical shell spaced from and surrounding said fuel magazine between the upper and lower headers, the space between said shell and said magazine opening into said headers to receive and provide a continuous wall of water around said magazine, and means in said water space and in said water tubes to increase the circulation of water in the boiler.

4. A water heater comprising, in combination, a water header, a plurality of tubes carried by and depending from said header, an interior pipe open at both ends arranged one in each of said tubes, a flange segment on the upper end of each of said pipes arranged to overlie the upper end of the respective tube to hold said pipes suspended, said flange segments providing a surface over which water may pass into the pipes without interference from water rising in said tubes, said pipes being spaced from and extending below the lower end of the tubes, and a lower header, into which each of said pipes extend, connecting the lower ends of said tubes.

5. In a heating plant including a combustion chamber having a fire grate therein, the combination of, a water header including a crown sheet adapted to be spaced above said grate, a fuel magazine extending through said header and opening in said combustion chamber, a water chamber around said fuel magazine arranged to communicate at its upper end with said header, a header on the lower end of said water chamber, partition Walls in said Water chamber, said walls being arranged to extend into said headers to divide said chamber into a plurality of Water circulating passageways, and means to secure said walls to the upper header and hold them spaced apart, and a spout on the upper end of one of said walls arranged to receive water flowing over the crown sheet of said upper header and discharge it between said partition walls.

6. In a heating plant including a combustion chamber having a fire grate therein, the combination of, a water header adapted to be spaced above said grate, a fuel magazine extending through said header and opening in said combustion chamber, a lower header on the end of said magazine, water tubes connecting said headers, a wall spaced from and surrounding said fuel magazine, said wall and the wall of said magazine defining a water chamber opening at each end into said headers, and means in said water chamber and in said tubes to increase the rate of circulation of water therethrough.

7. In a heating plant including a combustion chamber having a fire grate therein, the combination of, a Water header adapted to be spaced above said grate, a fuel magazine extending through said header and opening in said combustion chamber, a lower header on the end of said magazineja wall spaced from and surrounding said fuel magazine, said wall and the wall of said magazine defining a water chamber opening at each end into said headers, and spaced walls in said water chamber spaced from the walls thereof dividing said chamber into a plurality of water circulating passageways.

8. In a heating plant including a combustion chamber, the combination of, a fuel magazine adapted to open into said combustion chamber, water headers around said fuel magazine one adjacent each end, a wall around said fuel magazine to connect said headers, said wall being spaced from the Wall of said fuel magazine to provide a water chamber around said magazine opening into said headers, and means in said water passageway to increase circulation of water therethrough.

9. In a heating plant including a combustion chamber having a fuel magazine thereover opening therein, the combination of, water headers adapted to be arranged around said magazine one at each end thereof, a wall connecting said headers, said wall being adapted to surround and be spaced from the wall of said magazine, the space between said wall and said magazine opening into said headers, and means in said space adapted to increase the rate of circulation of water between said headers.

10. In a heating plant including a combustion chamber, having a water cooled fuel magazine therein, and a hot air chamber, a water heater, adapted to be mounted in said hot air chamber, comprising, in combination, an upper header, a plurality of tubes depending therefrom, a header on the lower end of said tubes, a pipe suspended in each of said tubes to provide inner and outer Water passageways communicating with said headers, and a flange on the upper end of each pipe to overlie the crown sheet of said upper header to facilitate circulation of water through said heater.

OLLIE L. BESINGER.

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