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US20230167440A1 - Method of stimulating proliferation of a cell - Google Patents

Method of stimulating proliferation of a cell Download PDF

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US20230167440A1
US20230167440A1 US17/823,839 US202217823839A US2023167440A1 US 20230167440 A1 US20230167440 A1 US 20230167440A1 US 202217823839 A US202217823839 A US 202217823839A US 2023167440 A1 US2023167440 A1 US 2023167440A1
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nucleic acid
liver
disease
seq
itfg1
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Torsten Wuestefeld
Viktoriia IAKOVLEVA
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Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore
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Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to the field of regenerative therapy.
  • the specification teaches a method of stimulating or increasing proliferation and/or regeneration of a cell in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration to stimulate or increase proliferation of the cell in the subject.
  • liver disease The rising incidence of acute and chronic liver failure, which causes more than 1.3 million deaths per year worldwide (World Health Organization, 2018), represents a major global health concern.
  • the main underlying causes of end-stage liver disease are hepatitis virus infections (especially hepatitis B and C), drug- and alcohol-induced liver damage, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; associated with obesity and progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)).
  • NASH non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Asia has an especially high burden of hepatitis virus infections (WHO), and an increased incidence of NAFLD.
  • WHO hepatitis virus infections
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
  • hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C combination therapies the number of people with end-stage liver disease is expected to rise, mainly fueled by the obesity epidemic and aging societies.
  • liver transplantation the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation.
  • donor organs are limited, and end-stage liver disease patients may also experience complications that render them unfit for major surgery. Therefore, alternative strategies to hold off or reverse end-stage liver disease are being pursued. These include cell transplantation, artificial liver devices, and enhancing the organ's endogenous regenerative capacity.
  • the liver is the only visceral organ that possesses the remarkable capacity to regenerate. It is known that as little as 25% of the original liver mass can regenerate back to its full size.
  • Adult hepatocytes are long-lived and normally do not undergo cell division (Go). However, upon liver damage, they have the ability to enter the cell cycle and proliferate. Once cell proliferation is completed, the newly divided cells undergo restructuring, and other regeneration-related processes such as angiogenesis and reformation of extracellular matrix to complete the regeneration process.
  • liver homeostasis Because the liver is the main site of drug detoxification, it is exposed to many chemicals in the body which may potentially induce cell death and injury. Furthermore, through the enterohepatic circulation, it is exposed to microbiota related metabolites. The liver can regenerate damaged tissue rapidly thereby preventing functional failure. Liver regeneration is also critical for patients with partial removal of the liver due to tumor resection or living-donor transplantation.
  • liver regeneration In the last three decades, scientists have gained a better understanding of the process of liver regeneration. For example, the cytokines IL6 and TNF ⁇ prime the hepatocyte to enter the cell cycle and mitogens such as HGF and EGF are important for driving proliferation.
  • mitogens such as HGF and EGF are important for driving proliferation.
  • the process of promoting the regenerative process is not well understood.
  • liver intrinsic signals are involved in the regenerative response but also signals from distant organs.
  • the present invention concerns the treatment and/or prevention of disease through inhibition of genes and/or proteins identified to be upregulated in profibrotic processes. Inhibition of such genes/proteins has protective and regenerative effects.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with fibrosis, comprising inhibiting at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • an inhibitor of at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with fibrosis.
  • the disease is a liver disease or condition.
  • the disease or condition is selected from: acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, mild liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALFD), alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis, liver damage, liver injury, liver failure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, end-stage liver disease, inflammation of the liver, lobular inflammation, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • acute liver disease chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, mild liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibros
  • the inhibitor is selected from a nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, antigen-binding molecule or small molecule inhibitor. In some embodiments, the inhibitor is capable of binding to a polypeptide according to any one or more of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178, or to a mRNA according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7179 to 7195.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7179 to 7195, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7179 to 7195, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 7155, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 457 to 1482, 7095, 7096, 7109 to 7114, 7130 to 7140, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, and/or 7155, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 457 to 1482, 7095, 7096, 7109 to 7114, 7130 to 7140, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, and/or 7155, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14 to 347, 7092, 7093, 7097 to 7102, 7115 to 7120, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, and/or 7152, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14 to 347, 7092, 7093, 7097 to 7102, 7115 to 7120, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, and/or 7152, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 3 to 5, 348 to 456, 7094, 7103 to 7108, 7121 to 7129, 7143, 7148, and/or 7153, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 3 to 5, 348 to 456, 7094, 7103 to 7108, 7121 to 7129, 7143, 7148, and/or 7153, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1483 to 2208, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1483 to 2208, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ABCC4.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 2209 to 5060, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 2209 to 5060, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of PAK3.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5061 to 5389, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5061 to 5389, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of TRNP1.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5390 to 5966, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5390 to 5966, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of APLN.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5967 to 6974, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5967 to 6974, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of KIF20A.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 6975 to 7091, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 6975 to 7091, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of LTB.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of one of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 7096 or 7146 to 7150, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to one of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 7096 or 7146 to 7150; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence having the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i), or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i).
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more modified nucleotides selected from: 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroguanosine
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7146 to 7150; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7151 to 7155.
  • the inhibitor comprises a moiety facilitating uptake of the inhibitory nucleic acid by hepatocytes.
  • the nucleic acid inhibitor is an antisense nucleic acid, siRNA, or shRNA.
  • the method comprises administering the inhibitor to a subject in which expression and/or activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB is upregulated.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7182, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7182, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 457 to 1482, 7095, 7096, 7109 to 7114, 7130 to 7140, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, and/or 7155, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 457 to 1482, 7095, 7096, 7109 to 7114, 7130 to 7140, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, and/or 7155.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7179 or 7180, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7179 or 7180, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14 to 347, 7092, 7093, 7097 to 7102, 7115 to 7120, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, and/or 7152, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14 to 347, 7092, 7093, 7097 to 7102, 7115 to 7120, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, and/or 7152.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7181, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7181, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 3 to 5, 348 to 456, 7094, 7103 to 7108, 7121 to 7129, 7143, 7148, and/or 7153, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 3 to 5, 348 to 456, 7094, 7103 to 7108, 7121 to 7129, 7143, 7148, and/or 7153.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of ABCC4, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7183 to 7186, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 7183 to 7186, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1483 to 2208, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1483 to 2208.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of PAK3, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7187 to 7190, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 7187 to 7190, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 2209 to 5060, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 2209 to 5060.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of TRNP1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7191, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7191, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5061 to 5389, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5061 to 5389.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of APLN, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7192, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7192, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5390 to 5966, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5390 to 5966.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of KIF20A, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7193, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7193, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5967 to 6974, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5967 to 6974.
  • nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of LTB, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7194 or 7195, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7194 or 7195, or a portion thereof.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 6975 to 7091, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 6975 to 7091.
  • inhibitory nucleic acid comprising (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7092 to 7096; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7141 to 7145.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more modified nucleotides selected from: 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroguanosine
  • inhibitory nucleic acid comprising (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7146 to 7150; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7151 to 7155.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid further comprises a moiety facilitating uptake of the inhibitory nucleic acid by hepatocytes.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid is an antisense nucleic acid, siRNA or shRNA.
  • the present disclosure also provides a nucleic acid, optionally isolated, encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure also provides an expression vector, comprising a nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure also provides a composition
  • a composition comprising an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, or an expression vector according to the present disclosure, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, excipient or adjuvant.
  • the present disclosure also provides a cell comprising an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, or an expression vector according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method of treating or preventing a disease according to the present disclosure, comprising administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an inhibitor, an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, an expression vector, a composition, or a cell according to the present disclosure to a subject.
  • the present disclosure also provides an inhibitor, an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, an expression vector, a composition, or a cell according to the present disclosure for use in therapy.
  • the inhibitor, inhibitory nucleic acid, nucleic acid, expression vector, composition, or cell is provided for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease, e.g. a disease according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure also provides the use of an inhibitor, an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, an expression vector, a composition, or a cell according to the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease, e.g. a disease according to the present disclosure.
  • an in vitro or in vivo method for reducing gene and/or protein expression of one or more of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell comprising introducing an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, or an expression vector according to the present disclosure into a cell.
  • a method disclosed herein comprises introducing an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, or an expression vector according to the present disclosure into a cell, e.g. a cell of the tissue or a hepatocyte.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of stimulating or increasing proliferation and/or regeneration of a cell in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to stimulate or increase proliferation and/or regeneration of the cell in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of enhancing cell function in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell function in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of enhancing cell viability in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell viability in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of treating a liver condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to treat the liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of protecting a subject from liver damage, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to protect the subject from liver damage.
  • a method of detecting a liver condition or disease in a subject comprising detecting in a sample the level of one or more biomarkers associated with organ regeneration, wherein a change in the level of the one or more biomarkers as compared to a reference indicates that the subject is suffering from a liver condition or disease.
  • Disclosed herein is an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for use in preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is the use of an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • the methods disclosed herein may employ any suitable inhibitor.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitor according to the present disclosure.
  • RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 under stringency conditions.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of screening for an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration by: a) contacting the gene or corresponding gene product with a chemical compound library, and b) identifying a chemical compound within the library that is binds to the gene or corresponding gene product to inhibit the expression or function of the gene or corresponding gene product.
  • the invention includes the combination of the aspects and preferred features described except where such a combination is clearly impermissible or expressly avoided.
  • the present invention relates to the identification of proteins that are involved in the development of liver disease and/or are detrimental to liver regeneration after injury, and targeting such proteins to treat liver diseases.
  • the inventors have used an unbiased in vivo functional genetic screen to identify new therapeutic targets that are upregulated in liver diseases and conditions associated with fibrosis.
  • Enrichment of target shRNAs indicates that the knockdown/inhibition of these targets gives a survival advantage to hepatocytes under a chronic liver damaging condition.
  • knockdown or inhibition of the identified genes supports hepatocyte expansion, proliferation and robustness. This is therapeutically beneficial for liver disease interception, accelerating liver regeneration, protecting against liver damage, promoting cell proliferation, stopping and reversing liver fibrosis, and increasing survival.
  • the present disclosure relates to inhibition of gene and/or protein expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. Any one or combination of these genes (i.e. any one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or all nine) may be inhibited in the methods provided herein. Any one or combination of these genes may be referred to herein as a target gene(s), target mRNA(s), or target protein(s).
  • MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be described herein as a “gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration”.
  • MFAP4, GRHPR and ITFG1 are found in recurrent amplifications in hepatocellular carcinoma (Nat Med. 2014 October; 20(10): 1138-1146).
  • ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A and LTB were all found by the present inventors to be dysregulated in a local patient cohort with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  • Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) is an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the fibrinogen-related domain (FReD) superfamily. Human MFAP4 is identified by UniProtKB P55083.
  • MFAP4 structure and function is described in e.g. Pilecki B., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 291:1103-1114 (2016), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • MFAP4 is an extracellular glycoprotein found in elastic fibres and is required for proper elastic fibre organisation. It specifically binds tropoelastin and fibrillin-1 and -2, as well as the elastin cross-linking amino acid desmosine, and it co-localizes with fibrillin-1-positive fibres in vivo. Human MFAP4 has been localized to elastic fibres in a variety of elastic tissues, including aorta, skin, and lung.
  • MFAP4 is closely associated with remodelling-related diseases, including liver fibrosis, atherosclerosis, arterial injury stimulated remodelling, and asthma (Wang H B et al., J Am Heart Assoc. 2020; 9(17):e015307).
  • Pan Z et al., FASEB J. 2020, 34(11):14250-14263 reported that MFAP4 deficiency alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of NF- K B and TGF- ⁇ /Smad signalling pathways and downregulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins.
  • MFAP4 is produced by activated myofibroblasts and may be a predictive biomarker for severity of hepatic fibrosis (Madsen B S et al., Liver Int. 2020; 40(7): 1701-1712; Seekmose S G, et al., PLoS One. 2015; 10(10):e0140418).
  • Example 2 of the present application shows that genes known to be involved in liver regeneration, e.g. Ptgs2, Areg, Dhrs9, Hmox1 and Nqo1, are upregulated after Mfap4 knockdown.
  • isoform 1 (UniProtKB: P55083-1, v2; SEQ ID NO: 7156), and isoform 2 (UniProtKB: P55083-2; SEQ ID NO: 7157) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 1 to 2 of SEQ ID NO: 7156 are replaced with the sequence ‘MGELSPLQRPLATEGTMKAQGVLLKL’.
  • the 255-amino acid sequence of human MFP4 isoform 1 comprises an N-terminal signal peptide at positions 1-21 of SEQ ID NO: 7156 and the mature protein region at positions 22-255 of SEQ ID NO: 7156. Positions 26-28 of SEQ ID NO: 7156 constitute the cell attachment site and positions 32-255 of SEQ ID NO: 7156 constitute the fibrinogen C-terminal domain.
  • MFAP4 encompasses: human MFAP4, isoforms of human MFAP4, homologues of human MFAP4 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • MFAP4 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7156.
  • Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase is an NADPH/NADH dependent enzyme with hydroxy-pyruvate reductase, glyoxylate reductase and D-glycerate dehydrogenase enzymatic activities. It reduces toxic intermediate glyoxylate to easily-excreted glycolate and reduces hydroxypyruvate into D-glycerate for use in glucose synthesis.
  • Deficiency of GRHPR is the underlying cause of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and leads to increased urinary oxalate levels, formation of kidney stones and renal failure (Cregeen D P et al., Hum Mol Genet. 1999; 8(11):2063-9).
  • Human GRHPR is identified by UniProtKB Q9UBQ7.
  • isoform 1 (UniProtKB: Q9UBQ7-1, v1; SEQ ID NO: 7158), and isoform 2 (UniProtKB: Q9UBQ7-2; SEQ ID NO: 7159) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 1 to 21 of SEQ ID NO: 7158 are replaced with the sequence ‘MLGGVPTLCGTGNETWTLLAL’, positions 22-164 of SEQ ID NO: 7158 are missing, and positions 246-328 of SEQ ID NO: 7158 are replaced with the sequence ‘YPRATLPSKPGEEPSPLLPSGDFLPRGLLVRPQAELAGFHKPNNQLRNSWEYTRPPYREEEPSEWAWP VCFSAVAPTRRGLAHSSVASGSVPREPLQAHYPPPQRAGLEDLKGPLEAASHTAEPGFVWLWFSDTLNL MLLGGQTLKLTWS’.
  • the 328-amino acid sequence of human GRHPR isoform 1 comprises NADP binding sites at positions 217, 243, 162-164, 185-188 and 295 of SEQ ID NO: 7158, and substrate (glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate) binding sites at positions 83-84, 245, 269, and 293-296 of SEQ ID NO: 7158.
  • GRHPR encompasses: human GRHPR, isoforms of human GRHPR, homologues of human GRHPR (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • GRHPR according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7158.
  • T-cell immunomodulatory protein (ITFG1; also known as Protein TIP, Integrin-alpha FG-GAP repeat-containing protein 1, or Linkin/LNKN-1) is a modulator of T cell function.
  • Human ITFG1 is identified by UniProtKB Q8TB96.
  • ITFG1 structure and function is described in e.g. Fiscella M., et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 21:302-307 (2003), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Treatment of primary human and murine T cells with ITFG1 in vitro resulted in the secretion of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-10, whereas in vivo ITFG1 reportedly has a protective effect in a mouse acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) model.
  • GVHD mouse acute graft-versus-host disease
  • the interaction between ITFG1 and the ATPase RUVBL1 is reported to be required for breast cancer cell invasion and progression (Fan W. et al., Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2017; 1861(7):1788-1800).
  • the 612-amino acid sequence of human ITFG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7160 (UniprotKB: Q8TB96-1, v1).
  • This sequence comprises: an N-terminal signal peptide at positions 1-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7160, an FG-GAP repeat at positions 258-293 of SEQ ID NO: 7160, and a transmembrane domain at positions 567-587 of SEQ ID NO: 7160.
  • ITFG1 encompasses: human ITFG1, isoforms of human ITFG1, homologues of human ITFG1 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • ITFG1 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7160.
  • ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4; also known as multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4)) is an ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that actively extrudes physiological compounds and xenobiotics from cells. It transports a range of endogenous molecules that have a key role in cellular communication and signalling, including cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), bile acids, steroid conjugates, urate, and prostaglandins. It is expressed in several tissues, including hepatocytes, with highest expression in the kidney and choroid plexus (Maher J M, et al., Drug Metab. Dispos., 33 (2005), pp. 947-955). Human ABCC4 is identified by UniProtKB 015439.
  • ABCC4 structure and function is described in e.g. Russel et al., Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008, 29(4):200-7, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • ABCC4 is an inducible gene in the liver following toxic acetaminophen exposure in both humans and rodents. In mice, ABCC4 deficiency is linked to increased risk of liver injury, altered gut epithelial function and altered drug disposition, although protein expression is reportedly increased in human livers with steatosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and diabetic cirrhosis (More V R et al., Drug Metab Dispos. 2013; 41(5): 1148-1155).
  • isoform 1 (UniProtKB: 015439-1, v3; SEQ ID NO: 7161), isoform 2 (015439-2, SEQ ID NO: 7162) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 679-725 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are missing
  • isoform 3 (015439-3, SEQ ID NO: 7163) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 846-859 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are replaced with the sequence ‘RWDLAVLSWLVSNS’ and positions 860-1325 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are missing
  • isoform 4 (015439-4, SEQ ID NO: 7164) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 103-177 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are missing, the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 846-859 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are replaced with the sequence ‘RWDLAVLSWLVSNS’
  • the 1325-amino acid sequence of human ABCC4 isoform 1 comprises: an ABC transmembrane type-1 1 domain at positions 92-377, an ABC transporter 1 domain at positions 410-633, an ABC transmembrane type-1 2 domain at positions 714-1005, an ABC transporter 2 domain at positions 1041-1274, and ATP binding regions at positions 445-452 and 1075-1082 of SEQ ID NO: 7161.
  • ABCC4 encompasses: human ABCC4, isoforms of human ABCC4, homologues of human ABCC4 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • ABCC4 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7161.
  • PAK3 p21-activated kinase 3
  • PAK 3 also known as Serine/threonine-protein kinase
  • PAK 3 Beta-PAK or Oligophrenin-3
  • PAK3 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signalling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, or cell cycle regulation.
  • Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. It phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration.
  • PAK3 is also a core mediator of integrin beta-1 signalling (a critical mediator of HSC activation and progression of fibrotic disease). Human PAK3 is identified by UniProtKB 075914.
  • PAK3 structure and function is described in e.g. Deleris P., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 286:6470-6478 (2011) and Chong C. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276:17347-17353 (2001), which are both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • isoform 1 (UniProtKB: 075914-1, v2; SEQ ID NO: 7165), isoform 2 (075914-2, SEQ ID NO: 7166) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 93-107 of SEQ ID NO: 7165 are missing
  • isoform 3 (075914-3, SEQ ID NO: 7167) in which the amino acid at position 92 of SEQ ID NO: 7165 is replaced with the sequence ‘TNSPFQTSRPVTVASSQSEGKM’
  • isoform 4 (075914-4, SEQ ID NO: 7168) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 92-107 of SEQ ID NO: 7165 are replaced with the sequence ‘TNSPFQTSRPVTVASSQSEGKM’.
  • the 559-amino acid sequence of human PAK3 isoform 1 comprises: a CRIB domain at positions 70-83 and a protein kinase domain at positions 283-534 of SEQ ID NO: 7165.
  • PAK3 encompasses: human PAK3, isoforms of human PAK3, homologues of human PAK3 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • PAK3 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7165.
  • TRNP1 TMF-regulated nuclear protein 1
  • TRNP1 is a DNA-binding factor that regulates the expression of a subset of genes and plays a key role in tangential, radial, and lateral expansion of the brain neocortex.
  • Human TRNP1 is identified by UniProtKB Q6NT89.
  • TRNP1 structure and function is described in e.g. Stahl R. et al., Cell 153:535-549 (2013), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the 227-amino acid sequence of human TRNP1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7169 (UniprotKB: Q6NT89-1, v2).
  • TRNP1 encompasses: human TRNP1, isoforms of human TRNP1, homologues of human TRNP1 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • TRNP1 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7169.
  • Apelin is a peptide ligand for the G-protein coupled apelin receptor (APLNR).
  • APLN G-protein coupled apelin receptor
  • the APLN system plays important and various roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including regulation of blood pressure, cardiac contractility, angiogenesis, metabolic balance, and cell proliferation, apoptosis or inflammation.
  • Apelin is expressed in the heart, endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), brain, kidney, testis, ovary, liver and adipose tissue, with the highest expression levels in the lung and the mammary gland.
  • Human APLN is identified by UniProtKB Q9ULZ1.
  • APLN structure and function is described in e.g. Tatemoto K. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 251:471-476 (1998), and Lee D. K. et al., J. Neurochem. 74:34-41 (2000), which are both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • SEQ ID NO: 7170 (UniprotKB: Q9ULZ1-1, v1).
  • SEQ ID NO: 7170 encompasses a signal peptide at positions 1-22 and a propeptide at positions 23-41.
  • SEQ ID NO: 7170 is cleaved into one or more active peptides by proteolytic processing: Apelin-36 (SEQ ID NO: 7171) at positions 42-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7170, Apelin-31 (SEQ ID NO: 7172) at positions 47-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7170, Apelin-28 (SEQ ID NO: 7173) at positions 50-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7170, or Apelin-13 (SEQ ID NO: 7174) at positions 65-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7170.
  • Apelin-36 SEQ ID NO: 7171
  • Apelin-31 SEQ ID NO: 7172
  • Apelin-28 SEQ ID NO: 7173
  • Apelin-13 SEQ ID NO: 7174
  • APLN encompasses: human APLN, isoforms of human APLN, homologues of human APLN (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), proteolytic peptides derived from human APLN, and variants thereof.
  • APLN according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7170.
  • Kinesin-like protein KIF20A (also known as GG10_2, Mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKIp2), Rab6-interacting kinesin-like protein (RAB6KIFL), Rabkinesin-6) is a mitotic kinesin required for chromosome passenger complex (CPC)-mediated cytokinesis.
  • KIF20A is a target for polo-like kinase 1 (PIk1), and phosphorylated KIF20A binds to the polo box domain of PIk1.
  • KIF20A Phosphorylation of KIF20A by PIk1 is necessary for the spatial restriction of PIk1 to the central spindle during anaphase and telophase, and the complex of these two proteins is required for cytokinesis.
  • Human KIF20A is identified by UniProtKB 095235.
  • KIF20A structure and function is described in e.g. Neef R. et al., J Cell Biol. 2003; 162(5): 863-75, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • isoform 1 (UniProtKB: 095235-1, v1; SEQ ID NO: 7175), and isoform 2 (UniProtKB: 095235-2; SEQ ID NO: 7176) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 65-82 of SEQ ID NO: 7175 are missing.
  • the 890-amino acid sequence of human KIF20A isoform 1 comprises: a kinesin motor domain at positions 64-507 and a coiled coil domain at positions 611-762 of SEQ ID NO: 7175.
  • KIF20A encompasses: human KIF20A, isoforms of human KIF20A, homologues of human KIF20A (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • KIF20A according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7175.
  • Lymphotoxin-beta also known as Tumor necrosis factor C (TNF-C), Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 3
  • TNF-C Tumor necrosis factor C
  • TNFSF14 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 3
  • isoform 1 (UniProtKB: Q06643-1, v1; SEQ ID NO: 7177), and isoform 2 (UniProtKB: Q06643-2; SEQ ID NO: 7178) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 53-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7177 are replaced with the sequence ‘GLGFRSCQRRSQKQISAPGSQLPTS’ and positions 78-244 of SEQ ID NO: 7177 are missing.
  • the 244-amino acid sequence of human LTB isoform 1 comprises: a cytoplasmic domain at positions 1-18, a transmembrane domain at positions 19-48, and an extracellular domain at positions 49-244 of SEQ ID NO: 7177.
  • LTB encompasses: human LTB, isoforms of human LTB, homologues of human LTB (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • LTB according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7177.
  • a “fragment”, “variant” or “homologue” of a protein may optionally be characterised as having at least 60%, preferably one of 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of the reference protein (e.g. a reference isoform).
  • fragments, variants, isoforms and homologues of a reference protein may be characterised by ability to perform a function performed by the reference protein.
  • a “fragment” generally refers to a fraction of the reference protein.
  • a “variant” generally refers to a protein having an amino acid sequence comprising one or more amino acid substitutions, insertions, deletions or other modifications relative to the amino acid sequence of the reference protein, but retaining a considerable degree of sequence identity (e.g. at least 60%) to the amino acid sequence of the reference protein.
  • An “isoform” generally refers to a variant of the reference protein expressed by the same species as the species of the reference protein.
  • a “homologue” generally refers to a variant of the reference protein produced by a different species as compared to the species of the reference protein. Homologues include orthologues.
  • a “fragment” may be of any length (by number of amino acids), although may optionally be at least 20% of the length of the reference protein (that is, the protein from which the fragment is derived) and may have a maximum length of one of 50%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of the length of the reference protein.
  • the target gene/protein i.e. MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB
  • MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB is a target gene/protein from a mammal (any species in the class Mammalia, e.g. a primate (rhesus, cynomolgous, non-human primate or human) and/or a rodent (e.g. rat or mouse).
  • Isoforms, fragments, variants or homologues of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may optionally be characterised as having at least 70%, preferably one of 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of an immature or mature MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB isoform from a given species, e.g. human.
  • a homologue of a human gene described herein may be from any animal.
  • a homologue of a human gene described herein may be from a mammal.
  • the mammal may be a non-human mammal, e.g. a primate (e.g. a non-human primate, e.g. an animal of the genus Macaca (e.g. Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta), e.g. a non-human hominid (e.g. Pan troglodytes )).
  • a primate e.g. a non-human primate, e.g. an animal of the genus Macaca (e.g. Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta), e.g. a non-human hominid (e.g. Pan troglodytes )).
  • the mammal may be a rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse or animal of the order Rodentia, cat, dog, pig, sheep, goat, an animal of the order Bos (e.g. cattle), an animal of the family Equidae (e.g. horse) or donkey.
  • Homologues of a human protein described herein may optionally be characterised as having 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 7156 to 7178.
  • Variants of a human protein described herein may optionally be characterised as having 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 7156 to 7178.
  • Isoforms, fragments, variants or homologues may optionally be functional isoforms, fragments, variants or homologues, e.g. having a functional property/activity of the reference MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, as determined by analysis by a suitable assay for the functional property/activity.
  • the present invention is concerned with inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (i.e. a target gene/protein described herein). That is, the invention is concerned with inhibition of the expression and/or activity of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and the downstream functional consequences thereof.
  • Inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB encompasses decreased/reduced expression (gene and/or protein expression) of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and/or decreased/reduced activity of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, relative to the level of expression/activity observed in the absence of inhibition.
  • “Inhibition” may herein also be referred to as “antagonism”. Any one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or nine of the genes/proteins may be inhibited in the methods according to the present disclosure.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be characterised by one or more of the following (relative to the uninhibited state):
  • Gene expression can be determined by means well known to the skilled person.
  • the level of RNA encoding one or more of the target proteins can be determined e.g. by techniques such as RT-qPCR, northern blot, etc.
  • qRT-PCR may be used to determine the level of RNA encoding a target protein.
  • a reduction in the level of RNA encoding a target protein may e.g. be the result of reduced transcription of nucleic acid encoding the target protein, or increased degradation of RNA encoding the target protein.
  • Reduced transcription of nucleic acid encoding a target protein may be a consequence of inhibition of assembly and/or activity of factors required for transcription of the DNA encoding the target protein.
  • Increased degradation of RNA encoding a target protein may be a consequence of increased enzymatic degradation of RNA encoding the target protein, e.g. as a consequence of RNA interference (RNAi), and/or reduced stability of RNA encoding the target protein.
  • RNAi RNA interference
  • Protein expression can be determined by means well known to the skilled person.
  • the level of protein encoding a target protein can be determined e.g. by antibody-based methods including western blot, immunohisto/cytochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA, ELISPOT, or by reporter-based methods.
  • a reduction in the level of a target protein may e.g. be the result of reduced level of RNA encoding the target protein, reduced post-transcriptional processing of RNA encoding the target protein, or increased degradation of the target protein.
  • Reduced post-transcriptional processing of a target protein may be e.g. reduced splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target protein to mature mRNA encoding the target protein, reduced translation of mRNA encoding the target protein, or reduced post-translational processing of the target protein.
  • Reduced splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target protein to mature mRNA encoding the target protein may be a consequence of inhibition of assembly and/or activity of factors required for splicing.
  • Reduced translation of mRNA encoding the target protein may be a consequence of inhibition of assembly and/or activity of factors required for translation.
  • Reduced post-translational processing (e.g. enzymatic processing, folding) of the target protein may be a consequence of inhibition of assembly and/or activity of factors required for post-translational processing of the target protein.
  • Increased degradation of the target protein may be a consequence of increased enzymatic (e.g. protease-mediated) degradation of the target protein.
  • inhibition of a target gene/protein may be characterised by a reduced level of a function of the target protein.
  • a function of the target protein may be any functional property of the target protein.
  • An interaction partner may be any nucleic acid or protein which interacts with, or jointly contributes to a shared function with, any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • an interaction partner for MFAP4 is integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3, tropoelastin, fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, desmosine, LOX, MFAP2, FBLN1, FBLN2, MFAP5, EFEMP2, EFEMP1, SFTPD, or elastin.
  • an interaction partner for GRHPR is glyoxylate, hydroxypyruvate, D-glycerate, AGXT, HYI, GLYCTK, PGP, GLO1, HAO1, HAO2, DAO, NADPH or NADH.
  • an interaction partner for ITFG1 is RUVBL1, RUVBL2, alpha-tubulin, TIPIN, ATP9A, ASCC2, RFX7, or TM7SF3.
  • an interaction partner for ABCC4 is ATP, ABCG4, SNX27, ABCA3, ABCE1, MRPS7, SLC22A8, SLCO1B1, NR1H4 or SLC22A6.
  • an interaction partner for PAK3 is PAK1, CDC42, NCK1, MAPK14, RAC1, PXN, GIT1, GIT2, ARHGEF7 or ARHGEF6.
  • an interaction partner for TRNP1 is TMF1, FAM18A, CNIH3, SMARCC2, FAM19A3, TBC1D3A, TBC1D3D, ARHGAP11B, or GPR56.
  • an interaction partner for APLN is APLNR, AGTR1, AGT, CXCR4, CCR5, KNG1, NPY, PDYN, NMU, or POMC.
  • an interaction partner for KIF20A is MAD2L1, AURKB, RACGAP1, KIF11, PLK1, CDCA8, KIF4A, CENPE, PRC1, or INCENP.
  • an interaction partner for LTB is LTBR, LTA, TNF, TNFSF14, TNFRSF1B, TNFSF13B, TNFRSF11A, CD40LG, MAP3K14, TNFSF11.
  • Functional properties of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB can be analysed using appropriate assays, e.g. in vitro assays.
  • MFAP4 inhibition increases expression and/or activation of one or more of Ptgs2, Areg, Dhrs9, Hmox1, Nqo1, P70S6k, p38, mTOR, and/or ERK2.
  • an inhibitor of MFAP4 activates mTOR, p70S6K, ERK and p38 signalling pathways.
  • Inhibition of interaction between a target protein and an interaction partner for the target protein can be identified e.g. by detection of a reduction in the level of interaction between the target protein and the interaction partner, relative to a control, uninhibited condition.
  • the ability of proteins to interact can be analysed by methods well known to the skilled person, such as co-immunoprecipitation, and resonance energy transfer (RET) assays.
  • RET resonance energy transfer
  • Target protein function can also be evaluated by analysis of one or more correlates of target protein function. That is, target protein function can be evaluated by analysis of downstream functional consequences of target protein function. For example, inhibition of target protein function can be identified by detection of reduced expression (gene and/or protein expression) and/or activity of one or more proteins whose expression is directly/indirectly upregulated as a consequence of target protein function. Inhibition of target protein function can also be identified by detection of increased expression (gene and/or protein expression) and/or activity of one or more proteins whose expression is directly/indirectly downregulated as a consequence of target protein function.
  • inhibitors that target one or more genes/proteins from the group selected from: MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and LTB.
  • an “inhibitor of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB” refers to any agent capable of inhibiting any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB expression and/or function.
  • agents may be effectors of (i.e. may directly or indirectly cause) inhibition of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB as described hereinabove.
  • Agents capable of inhibiting any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be referred to herein as MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB inhibitors.
  • MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB inhibitors may also be referred to herein as antagonists of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB antagonists.
  • “An inhibitor” of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may refer to any agent capable of inhibiting any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB.
  • an inhibitor of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may refer to two or more agents capable of inhibiting two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine target genes/proteins selected from the group consisting of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and LTB. Multiple inhibitors may be used in the methods of the present disclosure to target two or more of the target genes/proteins.
  • an inhibitor of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB i.e. a target protein
  • a target protein may:
  • a given inhibitor may display more than one of the properties recited in the preceding paragraph.
  • a given inhibitor may be evaluated for the properties recited in the preceding paragraph using suitable assays.
  • the assays may be e.g. in vitro assays, optionally cell-based assays or cell-free assays.
  • the assays may be e.g. in vivo assays, i.e. performed in non-human animals.
  • assays are cell-based assays, they may comprise treating cells with an inhibitor (e.g. a nucleic acid) in order to determine whether the inhibitor displays one or more of the recited properties.
  • Assays may employ species labelled with detectable entities in order to facilitate their detection.
  • Assays may comprise evaluating the recited properties following treatment of cells separately with a range of quantities/concentrations of a given inhibitor (e.g. a dilution series).
  • the cells are preferably cells that express the target protein to be inhibited, e.g. liver cells (e.g. HepG2 cells or HuH7 cells).
  • Analysis of the results of such assays may comprise determining the concentration at which 50% of the maximal level of the relevant activity is attained.
  • concentration of nucleic acid at which 50% of the maximal level of the relevant activity is attained may be referred to as the ‘half-maximal effective concentration’ of the inhibitor in relation to the relevant activity, which may also be referred to as the ‘EC 50 ’.
  • the EC 50 of a given inhibitor e.g. inhibitory nucleic acid
  • the EC 50 may also be referred to as the ‘half-maximal inhibitory concentration’ or ‘IC 50 ’, this being the concentration of inhibitor at which 50% of the maximal level of inhibition of a given property is observed.
  • the IC 50 of a given inhibitor e.g. inhibitory nucleic acid
  • the IC 50 of a given inhibitor for reducing expression of a gene encoding a target protein may be the concentration at which 50% of the maximal level of inhibition of expression of the gene is achieved.
  • Agents capable of reducing/preventing gene expression of any one or more MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be identified using assays comprising detecting the level of RNA encoding the target protein, e.g.
  • the methods may employ primers and/or probes for the detection and/or quantification of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Such assays may comprise introducing (e.g. by transfection) into cells that express the target protein in in vitro culture (i) a putative inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid), or (ii) a control agent (e.g. a control nucleic acid, such as a nucleic acid known not to influence the level of RNA encoding the target protein), and subsequently (e.g. after an appropriate period of time, i.e.
  • a putative inhibitor e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid
  • a control agent e.g. a control nucleic acid, such as a nucleic acid known not to influence the level of RNA encoding the target protein
  • RNA encoding the target protein a period of time sufficient for a reduction in the level of gene expression of the target protein/transcription of nucleic acid encoding the target protein/level of RNA encoding the target protein or an increase in the level of degradation of RNA encoding the target protein to be observed) measuring the level of RNA encoding the target protein in cells according to (i) and (ii), and (iii) comparing the level of RNA encoding the target protein detected to determine whether the putative inhibitor reduces/prevents gene expression of the target protein, reduces/prevents transcription of nucleic acid encoding the target protein, reduces the level of RNA encoding the target protein, and/or increases degradation of RNA encoding the target protein.
  • Agents capable of reducing protein expression of any one or more MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be identified using assays comprising detecting the level of the target protein, e.g. using antibody/reporter-based methods (western blot, ELISA, immunohisto/cytochemistry, etc.).
  • Such assays may comprise treating cells/tissue with the agent, and subsequently comparing the level of the target protein in such cells/tissue to the level of the target protein in cells/tissue of an appropriate control condition (e.g. untreated/vehicle-treated cells/tissue).
  • an appropriate control condition e.g. untreated/vehicle-treated cells/tissue.
  • the methods may employ antibodies specific for the target protein.
  • Such assays may comprise introducing (e.g. by transfection) into cells that express a target protein in in vitro culture (i) a putative inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid), or (ii) a control agent (e.g. a nucleic acid known not to influence the level of the target protein), and subsequently (e.g. after an appropriate period of time, i.e.
  • Agents capable of reducing the level of a function of any one or more MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be identified using assays comprising detecting the level of the relevant function.
  • assays may comprise introducing (e.g. by transfection) into cells that express the target protein in in vitro culture (i) a putative inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid), or (ii) a control agent (e.g. a nucleic acid known not to influence target protein function), and subsequently (e.g. after an appropriate period of time, i.e.
  • Reference herein to ‘a function of the target protein’ may refer to any functional property of, and/or activity mediated by, MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein.
  • Agents capable of reducing/preventing normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be identified using assays comprising detecting and/or quantifying the level of RNA (e.g.
  • Such assays may comprise quantifying RNA (e.g. mature mRNA) encoding one or more isoforms of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB by RT-qPCR.
  • the methods may employ primers and/or probes for the detection and/or quantification of mature mRNA produced by canonical splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and/or primers and/or probes for the detection and/or quantification of mature mRNA produced by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Mature mRNA produced by canonical splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be mature mRNA encoding the major isoform produced by expression of the gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • the major isoform may be the most commonly produced/detected isoform.
  • mature mRNA produced by canonical splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from human MFAP4 may be mature mRNA encoding human MFAP4 isoform 1 (i.e. having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7156).
  • Mature mRNA produced by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be mature mRNA encoding an isoform other than the major isoform produced by expression of said gene.
  • mature mRNA produced by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from human MFAP4 may be mature mRNA encoding an isoform of human MFAP4 other than isoform 1 (i.e. having an amino acid sequence non-identical to SEQ ID NO: 7156); e.g. mature mRNA encoding human MFAP4 isoform 2 (i.e. having an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7157).
  • Such assays may comprise introducing (e.g. by transfection) into cells that express MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in in vitro culture (i) a putative inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid), or (ii) a control agent (e.g. a nucleic acid known not to influence splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target gene), and subsequently (e.g. after an appropriate period of time, i.e.
  • a putative inhibitor e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid
  • a control agent e.g. a nucleic acid known not to influence splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target gene
  • Agents capable of reducing interaction between a target protein described herein and an interaction partner for said target protein may be identified using assays comprising detecting the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner, e.g. using antibody/reporter-based methods.
  • the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner can be analysed e.g. using resonance energy transfer techniques (e.g. FRET, BRET), or methods analysing a correlate of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner.
  • Assays may comprise treating cells/tissue with the agent, and subsequently comparing the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner in such cells/tissue to the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner in cells/tissue of an appropriate control condition (e.g.
  • the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner can also be analysed e.g. using techniques such as ELISA, surface plasmon resonance or biolayer interferometry analysis. Assays may comprise comparing the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner in the presence of the agent to the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner in an appropriate control condition (e.g. the absence of the agent).
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing expression of a gene encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing expression of a gene encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of RNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of RNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of transcription of nucleic acid encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of transcription of nucleic acid encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein to less than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein to less than 100%, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of a function of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of a function of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of binding of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to an interaction partner to less than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of binding of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to an interaction partner to less than 100%, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing translation of mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing translation of mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g.
  • Preferred levels of reduction in accordance with the preceding eight paragraphs are reduction to less than 0.5 times/ ⁇ 50%, e.g. one of less than 0.4 times/ ⁇ 40%, less than 0.3 times/ ⁇ 30%, less than 0.2 times/ ⁇ 20%, less than 0.15 times/ ⁇ 15%, or less than 0.1 times/ ⁇ 10%.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of increasing degradation of RNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to more than 1 times, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure prevents or silences expression of a gene encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure prevents or silences expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB at the protein level.
  • expression of a given gene/protein may be considered to be ‘prevented’ or ‘silenced’ where the level of expression is reduced to less than 0.1 times/ ⁇ 10% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to be an inhibitor of expression of the relevant gene(s)/protein(s).
  • an inhibitor e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • ⁇ 61%, ⁇ 62%, ⁇ 63%, ⁇ 64% ⁇ 65%, ⁇ 66%, ⁇ 67%, ⁇ 68%, ⁇ 69%, ⁇ 70%, ⁇ 71%, ⁇ 72%, ⁇ 73%, ⁇ 74%, ⁇ 75%, ⁇ 76%, ⁇ 77%, ⁇ 78%, ⁇ 79%, ⁇ 80%, ⁇ 81%, ⁇ 82%, ⁇ 83%, ⁇ 84%, ⁇ 85%, ⁇ 86%, ⁇ 87%, ⁇ 88%, ⁇ 89%, ⁇ 90%, ⁇
  • an inhibitor e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • a inhibitory nucleic acid e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • inhibits greater than 50% e.g. one of ⁇ 60%, ⁇ 61%, ⁇ 62%, ⁇ 63%, ⁇ 64%, 65%, ⁇ 66%, ⁇ 67%, ⁇ 68%, ⁇ 69%, ⁇ 70%, ⁇ 71%, ⁇ 72%, ⁇ 73%, ⁇ 74%, ⁇ 75%, ⁇ 76%, ⁇ 77%, ⁇ 78%, ⁇ 79%, 80%, ⁇ 81%, ⁇ 82%, ⁇ 83%, ⁇ 84%,
  • an inhibitor e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • a inhibitory nucleic acid e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • inhibits greater than 50% e.g. one of ⁇ 60%, ⁇ 61%, ⁇ 62%, ⁇ 63%, ⁇ 64%, ⁇ 65%, ⁇ 66%, ⁇ 67%, ⁇ 68%, ⁇ 69%, ⁇ 70%, ⁇ 71%, ⁇ 72%, ⁇ 73%, ⁇ 74%, ⁇ 75%, ⁇ 76%, ⁇ 77%, ⁇ 78%, ⁇ 79%, ⁇ 80%, ⁇ 81%, ⁇ 82%, ⁇ 83%, ⁇ 84%
  • an inhibitor e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid may inhibit gene and/or protein expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB with an IC 50 of ⁇ 1 ⁇ M, e.g.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may inhibit gene expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. as determined by qRT-PCR) with an IC 50 of ⁇ 1 nM, ⁇ 900 pM, ⁇ 800 pM, ⁇ 700 pM, ⁇ 600 pM, ⁇ 500 pM, ⁇ 400 pM, ⁇ 300 pM, ⁇ 200 pM, ⁇ 100 pM, ⁇ 50 pM, ⁇ 40 pM, ⁇ 30 pM, ⁇ 20 pM, ⁇ 10 pM or ⁇ 1 pM.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may inhibit protein expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. as determined by ELISA) with an IC 50 of ⁇ 1 nM, ⁇ 900 pM, ⁇ 800 pM, ⁇ 700 pM, ⁇ 600 pM, ⁇ 500 pM, ⁇ 400 pM, ⁇ 300 pM, ⁇ 200 pM, ⁇ 100 pM, ⁇ 50 pM, ⁇ 40 pM, ⁇ 30 pM, ⁇ 20 pM, ⁇ 10 pM or ⁇ 1 pM.
  • Inhibitors according to the present disclosure may be any kind of agent possessing the appropriate inhibitory activity.
  • inhibitor refers to an agent that decreases or inhibits at least one function or biological activity of a target molecule, such as those described herein.
  • An inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be a molecule that is capable of binding to any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB mRNA or protein, a molecule that is capable of binding to an interacting partner of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or a molecule capable of reducing expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • an inhibitor is capable of binding to a polypeptide according to any one or more of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178, or a mRNA according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7179 to 7195.
  • an inhibitor targets, e.g. is capable of binding to, a functional domain or region of any one or more of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178.
  • an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 22-255, 26-28 or 32-255 of SEQ ID NO: 7156.
  • an inhibitor targets a region comprising one or more of positions 83-84, 162-164, 185-188, 217, 243, 245, 269, and 293-296 of SEQ ID NO: 7158.
  • an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 258-293 of SEQ ID NO: 7160.
  • an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 92-377, 410-633, 714-1005, 1041-1274, 445-452, or 1075-1082 of SEQ ID NO: 7161. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 70-83 or 283-534 of SEQ ID NO: 7165. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 64-507 or 611-762 of SEQ ID NO: 7175. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 1-18, 19-48, or 49-244 of SEQ ID NO: 7177.
  • an inhibitor is capable of binding to an interacting partner of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, such as those described hereinabove.
  • binding molecules can be identified using any suitable assay for detecting binding of a molecule to the relevant factor (i.e. a target gene/protein described herein, or an interaction partner for said protein(s)).
  • Such assays may comprise detecting the formation of a complex between the relevant factor and the molecule.
  • the inhibitor is a nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, antigen-binding molecule or small molecule inhibitor.
  • Small molecule inhibitors that bind to the target mRNA/proteins described herein, or their binding partners can be identified by screening of small molecule libraries.
  • a “small molecule” refers to a low molecular weight ( ⁇ 1000 daltons, typically between ⁇ 300-700 daltons) organic compound.
  • Small molecule inhibitors that bind to the target mRNA/proteins described herein can be identified e.g. using a method described in Horswill A R et al., PNAS, 2004,101 (44) 15591-15596, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • An inhibitor of GRHPR may be 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate.
  • An inhibitor of ABCC4 may be Methotrexate, Mercaptopurine, Zidovudine, Dipyridamole, Probenecid, Sulfinpyrazone, Fluorouraci, Rucaparib, Adefovir dipivoxil, Cefazolin, Tyrphostin AG1478, Dantrolene, Glafenine, Nalidixic Acid or Prazosin.
  • An inhibitor of PAK3 may be FRAX597.
  • An inhibitor of APLN may be ML221, an apelin receptor (APJ) antagonist.
  • An inhibitor of KIF20A may be BKS0349 or Paprotrain.
  • Inhibitors provided herein include peptides/polypeptides, e.g. peptide aptamers, thioredoxins, monobodies, anticalin, Kunitz domains, avimers, knottins, fynomers, atrimers, DARPins, affibodies, nanobodies (i.e. single-domain antibodies (sdAbs)) affilins, armadillo repeat proteins (ArmRPs), OBodies and fibronectin—reviewed e.g. in Reverdatto et al., Curr Top Med Chem. 2015; 15(12): 1082-1101, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety (see also e.g.
  • Inhibitors include peptides/polypeptides that can be identified by screening of libraries of the relevant peptides/polypeptides.
  • the peptide/polypeptide inhibitors may be referred to as inhibitory peptides/polypeptides.
  • Inhibitory peptides/polypeptides may also include e.g. peptide/polypeptide interaction partners for the target gene/mRNA/protein of interest (i.e. MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB).
  • MFAP4 peptide/polypeptide interaction partners for the target gene/mRNA/protein of interest
  • GRHPR GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Peptide/polypeptide interaction partners may be based on an interaction partner for the target gene/mRNA/protein of interest, and may e.g. comprise a fragment of an interaction partner said target(s).
  • Peptide/polypeptide interaction partners may be based on one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and may e.g. comprise a fragment of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB that binds to an interaction partner for said mRNA/protein.
  • Such agents may behave as ‘decoy’ molecules, and preferably display competitive inhibition of interaction between MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and a corresponding interaction partner for MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • An inhibitor of MFAP4 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between MFAP4 and an integrin receptor, integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3, tropoelastin, fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, desmosine, LOX, MFAP2, FBLN1, FBLN2, MFAP5, EFEMP2, EFEMP1, SFTPD, or elastin.
  • An inhibitor of GRHPR may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between GRHPR and glyoxylate, hydroxypyruvate, D-glycerate, AGXT, HYI, GLYCTK, PGP, GLO1, HAO1, HAO2, DAO, NADPH or NADH.
  • An inhibitor of ITFG1 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between ITFG1 and RUVBL1, RUVBL2, alpha-tubulin, TIPIN, ATP9A, ASCC2, RFX7, or TM7SF3.
  • An inhibitor of ABCC4 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between ABCC4 and ATP, ABCG4, SNX27, ABCA3, ABCE1, MRPS7, SLC22A8, SLCO1B1, NR1H4 or SLC22A6.
  • An inhibitor of PAK3 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between PAK3 and PAK1, CDC42, NCK1, MAPK14, RAC1, PXN, GIT1, GIT2, ARHGEF7 or ARHGEF6.
  • An inhibitor of TRNP1 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between TRNP1 and TMF1, FAM18A, CNIH3, SMARCC2, FAM19A3, TBC1D3A, TBC1D3D, ARHGAP11B, or GPR56.
  • An inhibitor of APLN may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between APLN and APLNR, AGTR1, AGT, CXCR4, CCR5, KNG1, NPY, PDYN, NMU, or POMC.
  • An inhibitor of KIF20A may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between KIF20A and MAD2L1, AURKB, RACGAP1, KIF11, PLK1, CDCA8, KIF4A, CENPE, PRC1, or INCENP.
  • An inhibitor of LTB may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between LTB and LTBR, LTA, TNF, TNFSF14, TNFRSF1B, TNFSF13B, TNFRSF11A, CD40LG, MAP3K14, TNFSF11.
  • an inhibitory peptide/polypeptide may comprise or consist of an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, e.g. one of at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of an interaction partner for one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or the amino acid sequence of a fragment thereof.
  • an inhibitory peptide/polypeptide may comprise or consist of an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, e.g. one of at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or the amino acid sequence of a fragment thereof.
  • the inhibitory peptide/polypeptide will lack normal activity and/or have reduced activity compared to the wildtype version of the protein.
  • an inhibitory peptide/polypeptide may be a variant (e.g. mutant) version of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB having reduced function relative to wildtype MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Inhibitory peptides/polypeptides include aptamers.
  • Nucleic acid aptamers are reviewed e.g. in Zhou and Rossi Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017 16(3):181-202, and may be identified and/or produced by the method of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX), or by developing SOMAmers (slow off-rate modified aptamers) (Gold L et al. (2010) PLoS ONE 5(12):e15004). Aptamers and SELEX are described in Tuerk and Gold, Science (1990) 249(4968):505-10, and in WO 91/19813.
  • Nucleic acid aptamers may comprise DNA and/or RNA, and may be single stranded or double stranded. They may comprise chemically modified nucleic acids, for example in which the sugar and/or phosphate and/or base is chemically modified. Such modifications may improve the stability of the aptamer or make the aptamer more resistant to degradation and may include modification at the 2′ position of ribose. Nucleic acid aptamers may be chemically synthesised, e.g. on a solid support. Solid phase synthesis may use phosphoramidite chemistry.
  • a solid supported nucleotide is detritylated, then coupled with a suitably activated nucleoside phosphoramidite to form a phosphite triester linkage. Capping may then occur, followed by oxidation of the phosphite triester with an oxidant, typically iodine. The cycle may then be repeated to assemble the aptamer (e.g., see Sinha, N. D.; Biernat, J.; McManus, J.; Köster, H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984, 12, 4539; and Beaucage, S. L.; Lyer, R. P. (1992). Tetrahedron 48 (12): 2223). Peptide aptamers and methods for their generation and identification are reviewed in Reverdatto et al., Curr Top Med Chem . (2015) 15(12):1082-101, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Inhibitory peptides/polypeptides also include antibodies (immunoglobulins) such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, monospecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and fragments and derivatives thereof (e.g. Fv, scFv, Fab, scFab, F(ab′) 2 , Fab 2 , diabodies, triabodies, scFv-Fc, minibodies, single domain antibodies (e.g. VhH), etc.).
  • antibodies immunoglobulins
  • monoclonal antibodies such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, monospecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and fragments and derivatives thereof (e.g. Fv, scFv, Fab, scFab, F(ab′) 2 , Fab 2 , diabodies, triabodies, scFv-Fc, minibodies, single domain antibodies (e.g.
  • an inhibitor described herein is an antibody that is capable of binding to one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • An inhibitor of MFAP4 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-42013 (ThermoFisher) or ab169757 (abcam).
  • An inhibitor of GRHPR may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-54652 (ThermoFisher) or ab155604 (abcam).
  • An inhibitor of ITFG1 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-54067 (ThermoFisher) or TA339563 (ORIGENE).
  • An inhibitor of ABCC4 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-82019 (ThermoFisher) or ab15602 (abcam).
  • An inhibitor of PAK3 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-79781 (ThermoFisher) or ab40808 (abcam).
  • An inhibitor of TRNP1 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-71277 (ThermoFisher) or ab174303 (abcam).
  • An inhibitor of APLN may be an APLN-blocking antibody.
  • An inhibitor of APLN may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-114860 (ThermoFisher) or ab125213 (abcam).
  • An inhibitor of KIF20A may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-38648 (ThermoFisher).
  • An inhibitor of LTB may be an antibody (e.g. a recombinant Mouse Anti-LTA and LTB Antibody (CBL543)).
  • Inhibitors/inhibitory molecules that bind to any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or that bind to an interacting partner thereof, may display specific binding to the relevant factor (i.e. the relevant mRNA/protein, or the interaction partner for said mRNA/protein).
  • relevant factor i.e. the relevant mRNA/protein, or the interaction partner for said mRNA/protein.
  • specific binding refers to binding which is selective, and which can be discriminated from non-specific binding to non-target molecules.
  • An inhibitor or binding molecule that specifically binds to any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB preferably binds to any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB with greater affinity, and/or with greater duration than it binds to other, non-target molecules.
  • Such binding molecules may be described as being “specific for” any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • An inhibitor or binding molecule that specifically binds to an interaction partner for any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB preferably binds to the interaction partner for any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB with greater affinity, and/or with greater duration than it binds to other, non-target molecules; such binding molecules may be described as being “specific for” the interaction partner for any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • an inhibitor/binding molecule described herein inhibits the ability of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to bind to a corresponding interaction partner (i.e. an interaction partner for MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB, respectively).
  • the inhibitor/binding molecule behaves as a competitive inhibitor of interaction between any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and a corresponding interaction partner.
  • the binding molecule may occupy, or otherwise reduce access to, a region of the protein required for binding to a corresponding interaction partner, or may occupy, or otherwise reduce access to, a region of an interaction partner required for binding to the corresponding protein.
  • an inhibitor e.g. a binding molecule
  • the ability of an inhibitor, e.g. a binding molecule, to inhibit interaction between a protein of interest and a corresponding interaction partner can be evaluated e.g. by analysis of interaction in the presence of, or following incubation of one or both of the interaction partners with, the inhibitor.
  • An example of a suitable assay to determine whether a given binding agent is capable of inhibiting interaction between a protein of interest and a corresponding interaction partner is a competition ELISA.
  • An inhibitor described herein may be a molecule capable of reducing expression of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • a “molecule capable of reducing expression of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB” refers to a molecule which is capable of reducing gene, mRNA and/or protein expression of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • the molecule reduces or prevents the expression of a polypeptide according to SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178. In some embodiments the molecule reduces or prevents the expression of a polypeptide from a sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 7179 to 7195.
  • Repression of expression of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB or an isoform thereof will preferably result in a decrease in the quantity of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB expressed by a cell/tissue/organ/organ system/subject.
  • a suitable nucleic acid will result in a decrease in the level of expression relative to an untreated cell. Repression may be partial.
  • Preferred degrees of repression are at least 50%, more preferably one of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% or 90%. A level of repression between 90% and 100% is considered a ‘silencing’ of expression or function.
  • Gene and protein expression may be determined as described herein or by methods in the art that are well known to a skilled person.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may comprise modification of a cell(s) to reduce or prevent expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying nucleic acid encoding one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • the modification causes the cell to have a reduced level of gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB as compared to an unmodified cell.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may comprise modifying a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises introducing an insertion, substitution or deletion into a nucleic acid sequence encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises introducing a modification which reduces or prevents the expression of a polypeptide according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178 from the modified nucleic acid sequence.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying a cell to comprise an allele of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB which does not encode an amino acid sequence according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying a cell to lack nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying the relevant gene(s) to introduce a premature stop codon in the sequence transcribed from said gene(s).
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying the relevant gene(s) to encode a truncated and/or non-functional polypeptide(s).
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying the relevant gene(s) to encode polypeptide(s) which is/are misfolded and/or degraded.
  • Methods for modifying nucleic acids encoding proteins of interest and agents for achieving the same are well known in the art, and include e.g. including modification of the target nucleic acid by homologous recombination, and target nucleic acid editing using site-specific nucleases (SSNs).
  • SSNs site-specific nucleases
  • Suitable methods may employ targeting by homologous recombination, which is reviewed, for example, in Mortensen Curr Protoc Neurosci. (2007) Chapter 4:Unit 4.29 and Vasquez et al., PNAS 2001, 98(15): 8403-8410, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Targeting by homologous recombination involves the exchange of nucleic acid sequence through crossover events guided by homologous sequences.
  • the methods employ target nucleic acid editing using SSNs.
  • Gene editing using SSNs is reviewed e.g. in Eid and Mahfouz, Exp Mol Med. 2016 October; 48(10): e265, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Enzymes capable of creating site-specific double strand breaks can be engineered to introduce DSBs to target nucleic acid sequence(s) of interest.
  • DSBs may be repaired by either error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), in which the two ends of the break are rejoined, often with insertion or deletion of nucleotides.
  • NHEJ error-prone non-homologous end-joining
  • DSBs may be repaired by highly homology-directed repair (HDR), in which a DNA template with ends homologous to the break site is supplied and introduced at the site of the DSB.
  • HDR highly homology-directed repair
  • SSNs capable of being engineered to generate target nucleic acid sequence-specific DSBs include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated-9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems.
  • ZFNs zinc-finger nucleases
  • TALENs transcription activator-like effector nucleases
  • CRISPR/Cas9 clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated-9
  • ZFNs comprise a programmable Zinc Finger DNA-binding domain and a DNA-cleaving domain (e.g. a FokI endonuclease domain).
  • the DNA-binding domain may be identified by screening a Zinc Finger array capable of binding to the target nucleic acid sequence.
  • TALEN systems are reviewed e.g. in Mahfouz et al., Plant Biotechnol J. (2014) 12(8):1006-14, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • TALENs comprise a programmable DNA-binding TALE domain and a DNA-cleaving domain (e.g. a FokI endonuclease domain).
  • TALEs comprise repeat domains consisting of repeats of 33-39 amino acids, which are identical except for two residues at positions 12 and 13 of each repeat which are repeat variable di-residues (RVDs).
  • Each RVD determines binding of the repeat to a nucleotide in the target DNA sequence according to the following relationship: ‘HD’ binds to C, ‘NI’ binds to A, ‘NG’ binds to T and ‘NN’ or ‘NK’ binds to G (Moscou and Bogdanove, Science (2009) 326(5959):1501.).
  • CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems e.g. CRISPR/Cpf1, CRISPR/C2c1, CRISPR/C2c2 and CRISPR/C2c3 are reviewed e.g. in Nakade et al., Bioengineered (2017) 8(3):265-273, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • These systems comprise an endonuclease (e.g. Cas9, Cpf1 etc.) and the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) molecule.
  • the sgRNA can be engineered to target endonuclease activity to nucleic acid sequences of interest.
  • inhibition of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB employs a site-specific nuclease (SSN) system targeting the relevant nucleic acid sequence(s).
  • SSN site-specific nuclease
  • the inhibitor comprises or consists of an SSN system targeting nucleic acid(s) encoding one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB employs nucleic acid(s) encoding a SSN system targeting the relevant nucleic acid sequence(s).
  • the SSN system targets a region of the nucleic acid encoding a domain of a MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein required for protein function, e.g. a domain as described herein.
  • the SSN system is a ZFN system, a TALEN system, CRISPR/Cas9 system, a CRISPR/Cpf1 system, a CRISPR/C2c1 system, a CRISPR/C2c2 system or a CRISPR/C2c3 system.
  • the SSN system is a CRISPR/Cas9 system.
  • the inhibition may employ nucleic acid(s) encoding a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) targeting nucleic acid encoding one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) for processing the crRNA to its mature form.
  • crRNA CRISPR RNA
  • tracrRNA trans-activating crRNA
  • the inhibitor is a nucleic acid inhibitor.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor may also be described herein as an inhibitory nucleic acid.
  • Nucleic acid inhibitors according to the present disclosure may comprise or consist of DNA and/or RNA.
  • Nucleic acid inhibitors may be single-stranded (e.g. in the case of antisense oligonucleotides (e.g. gapmers)).
  • Nucleic acid inhibitors may be double-stranded or may comprise double-stranded region(s) (e.g. in the case of siRNA, shRNA, etc.).
  • Inhibitory nucleic acids may comprise both double-stranded and single-stranded regions (e.g. in the case of shRNA and pre-miRNA molecules, which are double-stranded in the stem region of the hairpin structure, and single-stranded in the loop region of the hairpin structure).
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be an antisense nucleic acid as described herein.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor may comprise an antisense nucleic acid as described herein.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor may encode an antisense nucleic acid as described herein.
  • an ‘antisense nucleic acid’ refers to a nucleic acid (e.g. DNA or RNA) that is complementary to at least a portion of a target nucleotide sequence (e.g. of RNA encoding a target gene described herein).
  • Antisense nucleic acids according to the present disclosure are preferably single-stranded nucleic acids, and bind via complementary Watson-Crick base-pairing to a target nucleotide sequence.
  • Complementary base-pairing may involve hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs.
  • Antisense nucleic acids may be provided as single-stranded molecules, as for example in the case of antisense oligonucleotides, or may be comprised in double-stranded molecular species, as for example in the case of siRNA, shRNA and pre-miRNA molecules.
  • Complementary base-pairing between the antisense nucleic acid and its target nucleotide sequence may be complete.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises, or consists of, the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence, and complementary base-pairing occurs between each nucleotide of the target nucleotide sequence and complementary nucleotides in the antisense nucleic acid.
  • complementary base-pairing between the antisense nucleic acid and its target nucleotide sequence may be incomplete/partial.
  • complementary base-pairing occurs between some, but not all, nucleotides of the target nucleotide sequence and complementary nucleotides in the antisense nucleic acid.
  • an antisense nucleic acid may form a nucleic acid complex comprising (i) the antisense nucleic acid and (ii) a target nucleic acid comprising the target nucleotide sequence.
  • nucleotide sequence of an antisense nucleic acid is sufficiently complementary to its target nucleotide sequence such that it binds or hybridises to the target nucleotide sequence. It will be appreciated that an antisense nucleic acid preferably has a high degree of sequence identity to the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: a nucleotide sequence which is the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence, or a nucleotide sequence comprising 1 to 10 (e.g. one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) substitutions relative to the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence.
  • the target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises, or consists of, 5 to 100 nucleotides, e.g. one of 10 to 80, 12 to 50, or 15 to 30 nucleotides (e.g. 20 to 27, e.g. ⁇ 21 to 23).
  • the target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of DNA and/or RNA.
  • the target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of RNA.
  • the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents transcription of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents association of factors required for normal transcription (e.g. enhancers, RNA polymerase) with nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence.
  • factors required for normal transcription e.g. enhancers, RNA polymerase
  • the antisense nucleic acid increases/potentiates degradation of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence, e.g. through RNA interference. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents translation of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence, e.g. through RNA interference or antisense degradation via RNase H.
  • RNA interference is described e.g. in Agrawal et al., Microbiol. Mol. Bio. Rev. (2003) 67(4): 657-685 and Hu et al., Sig. Transduc. Tar. Ther. (2020) 5(101), both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • double-stranded RNA molecules are recognised by the argonaute component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).
  • RISC RNA-induced silencing complex
  • RLC RISC-Loading Complex
  • RNAi based therapeutics have been approved for a number of indications (Kim, Chonnam Med J. (2020) 56(2): 87-93).
  • the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents normal post-transcriptional processing (e.g. splicing and/or translation) of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces or alters splicing of pre-mRNA comprising its target nucleotide sequence to mature mRNA. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces translation of mRNA comprising its target nucleotide sequence to protein.
  • the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents association of factors required for normal post-transcriptional processing (e.g. components of the spliceosome) with nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic may be referred to as a ‘splice-switching’ nucleic acid.
  • Splice-switching nucleic acids are reviewed e.g. in Haves and Hastings, Nucleic Acids Res. (2016) 44(14): 6549-6563, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Splice-switching nucleic acids include e.g. splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs). They disrupt the normal splicing of target RNA transcripts by blocking the RNA:RNA base-pairing and/or protein:RNA binding interactions that occur between components of the splicing machinery and pre-mRNA.
  • Splice-switching nucleic acids may be employed to alter the number/proportion of mature mRNA transcripts encoding a protein described herein.
  • Splice-switching nucleic acids may be designed to target a specific region of the target transcript, e.g. to effect skipping of exon(s) of interest, e.g. exons encoding domains/regions of interest.
  • SSOs often comprise alterations to oligonucleotide sugar-phosphate backbones in order to reduce/prevent RNAse H degradation, such as e.g. phosphorothioate linkages, phosphorodiamidate linkages such as phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMOs), and may comprise e.g. peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), locked nucleic acids (LNAs), methoxyethyl nucleotide modifications, e.g. 2′O-methyl (2′OMe) and 2′-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) ribose modifications and/or 5′-methylcytosine modifications.
  • PNAs peptide nucleic acids
  • LNAs
  • the antisense nucleic acid inhibits/reduces translation of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents association of factors required for translation (e.g. ribosomes) with nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence.
  • target sequence refers to a contiguous portion of the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule formed during the transcription of a gene (e.g. a gene associated with organ regeneration), including mRNA that is a product of RNA processing of a primary transcription product.
  • the target nucleotide sequence to which an antisense nucleic acid binds is a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein which it is desired to inhibit expression of. Accordingly, in aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure, the target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid is a nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of RNA encoded by a gene encoding any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of RNA encoding any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB.
  • the target nucleotide sequence comprises one or more nucleotides of an exon of RNA encoding any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of an exon of RNA encoding any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence provided in Table 14.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001198695.2 (GI: 1677501926, version 2), which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human MFAP4 transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7179), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_002404.3 (GI: 1677501522, version 3), which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human MFAP4 transcript variant 2 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7180), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_012203.2 (GI: 1519473711, version 2) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human GRHPR transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7181), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_030790.5 (GI: 1653961895, version 5) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ITFG1 transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7182), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_005845.5 (GI: 1813751621, version 5) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ABCC4 transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7183), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001105515.3 (GI: 1677498821, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ABCC4 transcript variant 2 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7184), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001301829.2 (GI: 1677530022, version 2) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ABCC4 transcript variant 3 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7185), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001301830.2 (GI: 1677498275, version 2) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ABCC4 transcript variant 4 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7186), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001128166.3 (GI: 1889680926, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human PAK3 transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7187), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_002578.5 (GI: 1519316149, version 5) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human PAK3 transcript variant 2 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7188), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001128167.3 (GI: 1890283404, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human PAK3 transcript variant 3 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7189), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001128168.3 (GI: 1676441496, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human PAK3 transcript variant 4 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7190), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001013642.3 (GI: 1519242294, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human TRNP1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7191), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_017413.5 (GI: 1519315208, version 5) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human APLN mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7192), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_005733.3 (GI: 1519313609, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human KIF20A transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7193), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_002341.2 (GI: 1720810086, version 2) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human LTB transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7194), or a portion thereof.
  • the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_009588.1 (GI: 6996015, version 1) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human LTB transcript variant 2 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7195), or a portion thereof.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7179 to 7195, or a portion thereof, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the portion of the reference sequence.
  • sequence identity e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7179 to 7195, or a portion thereof, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the portion of the reference sequence.
  • sequence identity e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity
  • the antisense nucleic acid and/or the portion of the reference sequence is 5 to 50, 5 to 40, 8 to 30, 8 to 25, 10 to 25, 15 to 25, or 19 to 22 nucleotides in length.
  • Antisense nucleic acids described herein may comprise thymine or uracil residues. Where antisense nucleic acids described herein are defined by reference to sequence identity with a reference sequence, the nucleic acids may comprise uracil residues in place of any thymine residues in the reference sequence, or vice versa.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to a sequence, or to the reverse complement of a sequence, in any one or more of Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and/or 13, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence from a Table.
  • sequence identity e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155, or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or the length of the reference sequence.
  • sequence identity e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 9
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 7114 or 7141 to 7155, or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 7114 or 7141 to 7155, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or the length of the reference sequence.
  • sequence identity e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 9
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 13, or to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 13, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • sequence identity e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7115 to 7140, or to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7115 to 7140, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • sequence identity e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 347, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 347, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. human MFAP4.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 15, 19 or 25, and/or to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 15, 19, or 25, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. human MFAP4.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NOs: 7092, 7093, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, 7152 and/or 7097 to 7102, and/or to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NOs: 7092, 7093, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, 7152 and/or 7097 to 7102, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NOs: 7097 or 7100, and/or to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NOs: 7097 or 7100, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. human MFAP4.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7115 to 7120, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7115 to 7120, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. mouse MFAP4.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 348 to 456, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 348 to 456, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, e.g. human GRHPR.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4, 5, 349, 350 and/or 351, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4, 5, 349, 350, and/or 351, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, e.g. human GRHPR.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7094, 7143, 7148, 7153 and/or 7103 to 7108, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7094, 7143, 7148, 7153 and/or 7103 to 7108, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, e.g. human GRHPR.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7121 to 7129, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7121 to 7129, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, e.g. mouse GRHPR.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 457 to 1482, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 457 to 1482, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, e.g. human ITFG1.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 457, 465, 468, 470, and/or 473, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 457, 465, 468, 470, and/or 473, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, e.g. human ITFG1.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7095, 7096, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, 7155, and/or 7109 to 7114, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7095, 7096, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, 7155, and/or 7109 to 7114, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7130 to 7140, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7130 to 7140, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, e.g. mouse ITFG1.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1483 to 2208, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1483 to 2208, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ABCC4, e.g. human ABCC4.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1483, 1485, 1486, 1488, 1489 and/or 1490, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1483, 1485, 1486, 1488, 1489 and/or 1490, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ABCC4, e.g. human ABCC4.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 2209 to 5060, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 2209 to 5060, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of PAK3, e.g. human PAK3.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 2209, 2225 and/or 2234, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 2209, 2225 and/or 2234 e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of PAK3, e.g. human PAK3.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5061 to 5389, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5061 to 5389, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of TRNP1, e.g. human TRNP1.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5061 and/or 5062, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5061 and/or 5062 e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of TRNP1, e.g. human TRNP1.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5390 to 5966, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5390 to 5966, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of APLN, e.g. human APLN.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5390, 5391, 5392 and/or 5393, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5390, 5391, 5392 and/or 5393, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of APLN, e.g. human APLN.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5967 to 6974, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5967 to 6974, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of KIF20A, e.g. human KIF20A.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5967, 5970 and/or 5971, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5967, 5970 and/or 5971, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of KIF20A, e.g. human KIF20A.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6975 to 7091, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6975 to 7091, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of LTB, e.g. human LTB.
  • the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6977, 6978 and/or 6993, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6977, 6978 and/or 6993, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of LTB, e.g. human LTB.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may comprise or consist of a sequence that hybridises to a sequence listed in any of Tables 1 to 14, or a sequence that hybridises to the complement of a sequence listed in any of Tables 1 to 14.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO).
  • ASOs are single-stranded nucleic acid molecules comprising or consisting of an antisense nucleic acid to a target nucleotide sequence.
  • An antisense oligonucleotide according to the present disclosure may comprise or consist of an antisense nucleic acid as described herein.
  • ASOs can modify expression of RNA molecules comprising their target nucleotide sequence by altering splicing, or by recruiting RNase H to degrade RNA comprising the target nucleotide sequence.
  • RNase H recognises nucleic acid complex molecules formed when the ASO binds to RNA comprising its target nucleotide sequence.
  • ASOs according to the present disclosure may comprise or consist of an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • ASOs may comprise 10 to 40 (e.g. 17 to 30, 20 to 27, 21 to 23) nucleotides in length.
  • ASOs are designed as chimeras, comprising a mix of bases with different chemistries, or as gapmers, comprising a central DNA portion surrounded by ‘wings’ of modified nucleotides.
  • ASOs are described in e.g. Scoles et al., Neurol Genet. 2019 April; 5(2): e323.
  • ASOs sometimes comprise alterations to the sugar-phosphate backbone in order to increase their stability and/or reduce/prevent RNAse H degradation, such as e.g. phosphorothioate linkages, phosphorodiamidate linkages such as phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMOs), and may comprise e.g.
  • PNAs peptide nucleic acids
  • LNAs locked nucleic acids
  • methoxyethyl nucleotide modifications e.g. 2′O-methyl (2′OMe) and 2′-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) ribose modifications and/or 5′-methylcytosine modifications.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor is selected from: an siRNA, dsiRNA, miRNA, shRNA, pri-miRNA, pre-miRNA, saRNA, snoRNA, or antisense oligonucleotide (e.g. a gapmer), or a nucleic acid encoding the same.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor is selected from: an siRNA, dsiRNA, miRNA, shRNA.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor is an siRNA.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor is an shRNA.
  • the nucleic acid inhibitor may be an RNAi agent (e.g. siRNA, shRNA or miRNA-based shRNA or gRNA for CRISR/CAS9 knockout) or a nucleic acid encoding an RNAi agent that reduces expression of a gene/mRNA, e.g. one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • RNAi agent e.g. siRNA, shRNA or miRNA-based shRNA or gRNA for CRISR/CAS9 knockout
  • a nucleic acid encoding an RNAi agent that reduces expression of a gene/mRNA e.g. one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid may comprise an antisense nucleic acid described herein, e.g. as part of a larger nucleic acid species.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid may be an siRNA, dsiRNA, miRNA, shRNA, pri-miRNA, pre-miRNA, saRNA or snoRNA comprising an antisense nucleic acid described herein.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid is a small interfering RNA (siRNA).
  • siRNA refers to a double-stranded RNA molecule having a length between 17 to 30 (e.g. 20 to 27, e.g. ⁇ 21 to 23) base pairs, which is capable of engaging the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway for the targeted degradation of target RNA.
  • Double-stranded siRNA molecules may be formed as a nucleic acid complex of RNA strands having a high degree of complementarity. The strand of the double-stranded siRNA molecule having complementarity to a target nucleotide sequence (i.e.
  • the antisense nucleic acid may be referred to as the ‘guide’ strand, and the other strand may be referred to as the ‘passenger’ strand.
  • the structure and function of siRNAs is described e.g. in Kim and Rossi, Biotechniques. 2008 April; 44(5): 613-616.
  • the RNAi agent may contain one or more overhang regions and/or capping groups at the 3′-end, 5′-end, or both ends of one or both strands e.g. comprising one or two or three nucleotides (e.g. a ‘UU’ 3′ overhang, a ‘TT’ 3′ overhang, or a ‘CCA’ 5′ overhang).
  • overhang regions and/or capping groups at the 3′-end, 5′-end, or both ends of one or both strands e.g. comprising one or two or three nucleotides (e.g. a ‘UU’ 3′ overhang, a ‘TT’ 3′ overhang, or a ‘CCA’ 5′ overhang).
  • the overhang can be 1-6 nucleotides in length, for instance 2-6 nucleotides in length, 1-5 nucleotides in length, 2-5 nucleotides in length, 1-4 nucleotides in length, 2-4 nucleotides in length, 1-3 nucleotides in length, 2-3 nucleotides in length, or 1-2 nucleotides in length.
  • the overhangs can be the result of one strand being longer than the other, or the result of two strands of the same length being staggered.
  • the overhang can form a mismatch with the target mRNA or it can be complementary to the gene sequences being targeted or can be another sequence.
  • the first and second strands can also be joined, e.g., by additional bases to form a hairpin, or by other non-base linkers.
  • a passenger strand of an siRNA according to the present disclosure may comprise a ‘CCA’ modification at the 5′ end, i.e. the addition of nucleotides ‘CCA’.
  • a passenger strand of an siRNA according to the present disclosure may comprise a ‘TT’ modification at the 3′ end, e.g. replacing the 3′ two nucleotides.
  • the guide strand of an siRNA according to the present disclosure may comprise or consist of an antisense nucleic acid according to an embodiment of an antisense nucleic acid described herein.
  • an siRNA according to the present disclosure may be contained within a longer shRNA sequence (e.g. in Tables 12 and 13) that undergoes processing to form the siRNA.
  • RNAi agent refers to an agent that contains RNA as that term is defined herein, and which mediates the targeted cleavage of an RNA transcript via an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway.
  • RISC RNA-induced silencing complex
  • RNAi agent directs the sequence-specific degradation of mRNA through a process known as RNA interference (RNAi).
  • RNAi agent modulates, e.g., inhibits, the expression of a gene associated with organ regeneration in a cell, e.g., a cell within a subject, such as a mammalian subject.
  • RNAi agent includes both shRNAs (e.g. in Table 12 or 13), or precursor RNAs that are processed by RISC into siRNAs (e.g. in Tables 1 to 11), as well as the siRNAs themselves that inhibits the expression of an endogenous gene.
  • the invention provides for double-stranded RNAi agents capable of inhibiting the expression of a target gene in vivo.
  • the RNAi agent may comprise a sense strand and an antisense strand. Each strand of the RNAi agent may range from 12-30 nucleotides in length.
  • each strand may be between 14-30 nucleotides in length, 17-30 nucleotides in length, 25-30 nucleotides in length, 27-30 nucleotides in length, 17-23 nucleotides in length, 17-21 nucleotides in length, 17-19 nucleotides in length, 19-25 nucleotides in length, 19-23 nucleotides in length, 19-21 nucleotides in length, 21-25 nucleotides in length, or 21-23 nucleotides in length.
  • the sense strand and antisense strand typically form a duplex double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”).
  • the duplex region of an RNAi agent may be 12-30 nucleotide pairs in length.
  • the duplex region can be between 14-30 nucleotide pairs in length, 17-30 nucleotide pairs in length, 27-30 nucleotide pairs in length, 17-23 nucleotide pairs in length, 17-21 nucleotide pairs in length, 17-19 nucleotide pairs in length, 19-25 nucleotide pairs in length, 19-23 nucleotide pairs in length, 19-21 nucleotide pairs in length, 21-25 nucleotide pairs in length, or 21-23 nucleotide pairs in length.
  • the duplex region is selected from 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27 nucleotides in length.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid is a dicer small interfering RNA (dsiRNA).
  • dsiRNA refers to a double-stranded RNA molecule having a length of ⁇ 27 base pairs, which is processed by Dicer to siRNA for RNAi-mediated degradation of target RNA.
  • DsiRNAs are described e.g. in Raja et al., Asian J Pharm Sci. (2019) 14(5): 497-510, which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • DsiRNAs are optimised for Dicer processing and may have increased potency compared with 21-mer siRNAs (see e.g. Kim et al., Nat Biotechnol. (2005) 23(2):222-226), which may be related to the link between Dicer-mediated nuclease activity and RISC loading.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid is a micro RNA (miRNA), or a precursor thereof (e.g. a pri-miRNA or a pre-miRNA).
  • miRNA molecules have a similar structure to siRNA molecules, but are encoded endogenously, and derived from processing of short hairpin RNA molecules. They are initially expressed as long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs), which are processed within the nucleus into 60 to 70 nucleotide hairpins (pre-miRNAs), which are further processed in the cytoplasm into smaller species that interact with RISC and target mRNA.
  • miRNAs comprise ‘seed sequences’ that are essential for binding to target mRNA. Seed sequences usually comprise six nucleotides and are situated at positions 2 to 7 at the miRNA 5′ end.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid is a short hairpin RNA (shRNA), e.g. as provided in Tables 12 and 13 (showing sense-loop-antisense sequences).
  • shRNA molecules comprise sequences of nucleotides having a high degree of complementarity that associate with one another through complementary base pairing to form the stem region of the hairpin. The sequences of nucleotides having a high degree of complementarity may be linked by one or more nucleotides that form the loop region of the hairpin.
  • shRNA molecules may be processed (e.g. via catalytic cleavage by DICER) to form siRNA or miRNA molecules.
  • shRNA molecules may have a length of between 35 to 100 (e.g.
  • the stem region of the hairpin may have a length between 17 to 30 (e.g. 20 to 27, e.g. ⁇ 21-23) base pairs.
  • the stem region may comprise G-U pairings to stabilise the hairpin structure.
  • An shRNA sequence described herein may comprise sequences that will be subsequently processed into shorter siRNA strand(s), such as the guide/passenger strands presented in Tables 1-11.
  • siRNA, dsiRNA, miRNAs and shRNAs for the targeted inhibition of gene and/or protein expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB may be identified/designed in accordance with principles and/or using tools well known to the skilled person.
  • Parameters and tools for designing siRNA and shRNA molecules are described e.g. in Fakhr et al., Cancer Gene Therapy (2016) 23:73-82 (hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).
  • Software that may be used by the skilled person for the design of such molecules is summarised in Table 1 of Fakhr et al., Cancer Gene Therapy (2016) 23:73-82, and includes e.g. siRNA Wizard (InvivoGen). Details for making such molecules can be found in the websites of commercial vendors such as Ambion, Dharmacon, GenScript, Invitrogen and OligoEngine.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7091, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence having the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i), or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • SEQ ID NOs 1 to 7091 are displayed in Tables 1 to 10 provided herein.
  • the nucleic acid according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB, according to the heading of the Table in which the SEQ ID NO is presented.
  • a SEQ ID NO presented in Table 2 may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7092 to 7096, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence having the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i), or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7092, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7141, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7093, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7142, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7094, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7143, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7095, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7144, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7096, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7145, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • the nucleotide sequence of (i) and the nucleotide sequence of (ii) may be provided on different nucleic acids (i.e. separate oligonucleotides).
  • the nucleic acid of (i) and (ii) may be different nucleic acids.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid may comprise or consist of a nucleic acid duplex formed by complementary base pairing between the different nucleic acids comprising the nucleotide sequences of (i) and (ii).
  • the nucleotide sequence of (i) and the nucleotide sequence of (ii) may be provided on the same nucleic acid (i.e. a single oligonucleotide). That is, the nucleic acid of (i) and (ii) may be the same nucleic acid. In such embodiments, the nucleotide sequence of (i) and the nucleotide sequence of (ii) may be connected by one or more linker nucleotides.
  • the inhibitory nucleic acid may comprise a nucleic acid duplex region formed by complementary base pairing between the nucleotide sequences of (i) and (ii), and the linker regions may form a single-stranded loop region.
  • RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1 to 13 (or any combination of Tables thereof) or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1 to 13 (or any combination of Tables thereof) under stringency conditions.
  • RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 2-12 (or any combination of Tables thereof) or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 2-12 (or any combination of Tables thereof) under stringency conditions.
  • RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in Table 1 or 13, or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in Table 1 or 13 under stringency conditions.
  • nucleic acid and “polynucleotide’, used interchangeably herein, refer to polymeric forms of nucleotides of any length, either ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides.
  • these terms include, but are not limited to, single-, double-, or multi-stranded DNA or RNA, genomic DNA, cDNA, DNA-RNA hybrids, or a polymer comprising purine and pyrimidine bases or other natural, chemically or biochemically modified, non-natural, or derivatized nucleotide bases.
  • mRNA or cDNA that comprise intronic sequences.
  • the backbone of the polynucleotide can comprise sugars and phosphate groups (as may typically be found in RNA or DNA), or modified or substituted sugar or phosphate groups.
  • the backbone of the polynucleotide can comprise a polymer of synthetic subunits such as phosphoramidites and thus can be an oligodeoxynucleoside phosphoramidate or a mixed phosphoramidate-phosphodiester oligomer.
  • a polynucleotide may comprise modified nucleotides, such as methylated nucleotides and nucleotide analogs, uracyl, other sugars, and linking groups such as fluororibose and thioate, and nucleotide branches.
  • sequence of nucleotides may be interrupted by non-nucleotide components.
  • a polynucleotide may be further modified after polymerization, such as by conjugation with a labeling component.
  • Other types of modifications included in this definition are caps, substitution of one or more of the naturally occurring nucleotides with an analog, and introduction of means for attaching the polynucleotide to proteins, metal ions, labeling components, other polynucleotides, or a solid support.
  • the term “polynucleotide” also encompasses peptidic nucleic acids, PNA and LNA. Polynucleotides may further comprise genomic DNA, cDNA, or DNA-RNA hybrids.
  • RNA or “RNA molecule” or “ribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of ribonucleotides.
  • DNA or “DNA molecule” or deoxyribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides.
  • DNA and RNA can be synthesized naturally (e.g., by DNA replication or transcription of DNA, respectively). RNA can be post-transcriptionally modified. DNA and RNA can also be chemically synthesized.
  • DNA and RNA can be single-stranded (i.e., ssRNA and ssDNA, respectively) or multi-stranded (e.g., double stranded, i.e., dsRNA and dsDNA, respectively).
  • mRNA or “messenger RNA” is single-stranded RNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptide chains. This information is translated during protein synthesis when ribosomes bind to the mRNA.
  • Stringent conditions refers to conditions under which a nucleic acid may hybridize to its target polynucleotide sequence, but not other sequences. Stringent conditions are sequence-dependent (e.g., longer sequences hybridize specifically at higher temperatures). Generally, stringent conditions are selected to be about 5° C. lower than the thermal melting point (Tm) for the specific sequence at a defined ionic strength and pH. The Tm is the temperature (under defined ionic strength, pH, and polynucleotide concentration) at which 50% of the probes complementary to the target sequence hybridize to the target sequence at equilibrium.
  • Tm thermal melting point
  • stringent conditions will be those in which the salt concentration is at least about 0.01 to about 1.0 M sodium ion concentration (or other salts) at about pH 7.0 to about pH 8.3 and the temperature is at least about 30° C. for short probes (e.g., 10 to 50 nucleotides).
  • the term “complement” when used in reference to a nucleic acid sequence refers to the complementary sequence of the nucleic acid sequence as dictated by base-pairing, but in reverse orientation so as to result in complementarity upon fold-over into a hairpin structure.
  • the term encompasses partial complementarity where only some of the bases are matched according to base pairing rules as well as total complementarity between the two nucleic acid sequences.
  • Nucleic acid inhibitors/inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may comprise chemically modified nucleotide acids, e.g. in which the phosphonate and/or ribose and/or base is/are chemically modified. Such modifications may influence the activity, specificity and/or stability of nucleic acid.
  • One or more (e.g. one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or all) nucleotides of a nucleic acid inhibitor may comprise such chemical modification.
  • nucleic acid inhibitors according to the present disclosure include those described in Hu et al., Sig. Transduc. Tar. Ther. (2020) 5(101) (incorporated by reference hereinabove), in particular those shown in FIG. 2 of Hu et al., Sig. Transduc. Tar. Ther. (2020) 5(101). Further modifications contemplated in accordance with nucleic acid inhibitors according to the present disclosure include those described in Selvam et al., Chem Biol Drug Des. (2017) 90(5): 665-678, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises one or more nucleotides comprising a phosphonate modification.
  • the phosphonate modification(s) may be selected from: phosphorothioate (e.g. Rp isomer, Sp isomer), phosphorodithioate, methylphosphonate, methoxypropylphosphonate, 5′-(E)-vinylphosphonate, 5′-methylphosphonate, (S)-5′-C-methyl with phosphate, 5′-phosphorothioate, and peptide nucleic acid.
  • aa nucleic acid inhibitor comprises one or more nucleotides comprising phosphorothioate modification.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises one or more nucleotides comprising a ribose modification.
  • the ribose modification(s) may be selected from: 2′-O-methyl, 2′-O-methoxyethyl, 2′-fluoro, 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro, 2′-methoxyethyl, 2′-O-alkyl, 2′-O-allyl, 2′-C-allyl, 2′-deoxy, 2′-hydroxyl, 2′-arabino-fluoro, 2′-O-benzyl, 2′-O-methyl-4-pyridine, locked nucleic acid, (S)-cEt-BNA, tricyclo-DNA, PMO, unlocked nucleic acid, hexitol nucleic acid and glycol nucleic acid.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more nucleotides comprising 2′-O-methyl
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises one or more nucleotides comprising a base modification.
  • the base modification(s) may be selected from: pseudouridine, 2′-thiouridine, N6′-methyladenosine, 5′-methylcytidine, 5′-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine, N-ethylpiperidine 7′-EAA triazole-modified adenine, N-ethylpiperidine 6′-triazole-modified adenine, 6′-phenylpyrrolo-cytosine, 2′,4′-difluorotoluyl ribonucleoside and 5′-nitroindole.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: one or more nucleotides comprising phosphorothioate modification, one or more nucleotides comprising 2′-O-methyl modification, and one or more nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro modification.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises one or more modified nucleotides selected from: 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising 3 to 10 (e.g. one of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro modification. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises 4 to 15 (e.g. one of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15) nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro modification. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising 2 to 6 (e.g. one of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) nucleotides comprising phosphorothioate modification.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises 5 to 20 (e.g. one of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20) nucleotides comprising 2′-O-methyl modification.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising 2 to 6 (e.g. one of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) nucleotides comprising 2′-O-methyl and phosphorothioate modification.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising 1 to 4 (e.g. one of 1, 2, 3 or 4) nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro and phosphorothioate modification.
  • nucleic acid inhibitors/inhibitory nucleic acids comprise nucleotides comprising chemical modification as described herein
  • the nucleotide sequence is nevertheless evaluated for the purposes of sequence comparison in accordance with the present disclosure as if the equivalent unmodified nucleotide were instead present.
  • Nucleic acids comprising nucleotide(s) comprising a modified phosphonate group are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotide(s) comprising a modified phosphonate group instead comprise the equivalent unmodified phosphonate group.
  • Nucleic acids comprising nucleotide(s) comprising a modified ribose group are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotide(s) comprising a modified ribose group instead comprise the equivalent unmodified ribose group.
  • Nucleic acids comprising nucleotide(s) comprising a modified base group are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotide(s) comprising a modified base group instead comprise the equivalent unmodified base group.
  • nucleic acids comprising nucleotides comprising pseudouridine, 2-thiouridine and/or 5′-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotides comprising uridine were instead present at their respective positions.
  • nucleic acids comprising nucleotides comprising N6′-methyladenosine, N-ethylpiperidine 7′-EAA triazole-modified adenine and/or N-ethylpiperidine 6′-triazole-modified adenine are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotides comprising adenine were instead present at their respective positions.
  • nucleic acids comprising nucleotides comprising 5′-methylcytidine and/or 6′-phenylpyrrolo-cytosine are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotides comprising cytosine were instead present at their respective positions.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in Table 11.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid comprises nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7146 to 7155 of Table 11. The following six paragraphs refer to SEQ ID NOs presented in Table 11.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7146 to 7150, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7151 to 7155, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7146, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7151, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7147, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7152, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7148, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7153, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7149, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7154, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7150, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7155, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g.
  • each or both strands can also include one or more non-ribonucleotides, e.g., a deoxyribonucleotide and/or a modified nucleotide.
  • an “RNAi agent” may include ribonucleotides with chemical modifications; an RNAi agent may include substantial modifications at multiple nucleotides. Such modifications may include all types of modifications disclosed herein or known in the art. Any such modifications, as used in a siRNA type molecule, are encompassed by “RNAi agent” for the purposes of this specification and claims.
  • each residue of the sense strand and antisense strand is independently modified with LNA, HNA, CeNA, 2′-methoxyethyl, 2′-O-methyl, 2′-O-allyl, 2′-C-allyl, 2′-deoxy, 2′-hydroxyl, or 2′-fluoro.
  • the strands can contain more than one modification.
  • Inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may be produced in accordance with techniques well known to the skilled person.
  • inhibitory nucleic acids may be produced recombinantly by transcription of a nucleic acid sequence encoding the inhibitory nucleic acid.
  • a nucleic acid encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure may e.g. be contained within an expression vector for expression of the inhibitory nucleic acid.
  • Transcription may be performed in cell-free transcription reactions using recombinant enzymes (e.g. RNA polymerase) for transcription of the inhibitory nucleic acids.
  • production of an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure may be performed in a cell comprising nucleic acid encoding the inhibitory nucleic acid, and may employ cellular enzymes (e.g. RNA polymerase) for transcription.
  • Production of an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure by expression within a cell may comprise transcription from a vector.
  • Introduction of nucleic acid/vectors for the purposes of production of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may be performed in any of the ways known in the art (e.g. transfection, transduction, electroporation, etc.).
  • Expression of an inhibitory nucleic acid can be regulated using a cell-specific promoter (e.g. a liver cell-specific promoter).
  • an shRNA molecule according to the present disclosure may be produced within a cell by transcription from a vector encoding the shRNA.
  • shRNAs may be produced within a cell by transfecting the cell with a vector encoding the shRNA sequence under control of an RNA polymerase promoter.
  • siRNA molecule according to the present disclosure may be produced within a cell by transcription from a vector encoding shRNA encoding/comprising the siRNA, and subsequent processing of the shRNA molecule by cellular DICER to form the siRNA molecule.
  • An shRNA molecule according to the present disclosure e.g. a sequence in Table 12 or 13, may be embedded into and expressed using a miR-30-based system, e.g. as described in Fellmann C et al., Cell Rep. 2013; 5(6):1704-13, and Rio D C et al., Cold Spring Harb Protoc; 2013; doi:10.1101/pdb.prot075853, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Inhibitory nucleic acids may also be synthesised using standard solid or solution phase synthesis techniques which are well known in the art.
  • Solid phase synthesis may use phosphoramidite chemistry. Briefly, a solid supported nucleotide may be detritylated, then coupled with a suitably activated nucleoside phosphoramidite to form a phosphite triester linkage. Capping may then occur, followed by oxidation of the phosphite triester with an oxidant, typically iodine. The cycle may then be repeated to yield a polynucleotide.
  • nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid comprises, or consists of, DNA and/or RNA.
  • the present disclosure also provides a vector comprising the nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • Nucleic acids and vectors according to the present disclosure may be provided in purified or isolated form, i.e. from other nucleic acid, or naturally-occurring biological material.
  • the nucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure may be contained in a vector, e.g. an expression vector.
  • a ‘vector’ as used herein is a nucleic acid molecule used as a vehicle to transfer exogenous nucleic acid into a cell.
  • the vector may be a vector for expression of the nucleic acid in the cell.
  • Such vectors may include a promoter sequence operably linked to the nucleotide sequence encoding the sequence to be expressed.
  • a vector may also include a termination codon and expression enhancers. Any suitable vectors, promoters, enhancers and termination codons known in the art may be used to express nucleic acid from a vector according to the present disclosure.
  • operably linked may include the situation where a selected nucleic acid sequence and regulatory nucleic acid sequence (e.g. promoter and/or enhancer) are covalently linked in such a way as to place the expression of nucleic acid sequence under the influence or control of the regulatory sequence (thereby forming an expression cassette).
  • a regulatory sequence is operably linked to the selected nucleic acid sequence if the regulatory sequence is capable of affecting transcription of the nucleic acid sequence.
  • Suitable vectors include plasmids, binary vectors, DNA vectors, mRNA vectors, viral vectors (e.g. gammaretroviral vectors (e.g. murine Leukemia virus (MLV)-derived vectors), lentiviral vectors, adenovirus vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors, vaccinia virus vectors and herpesvirus vectors), transposon-based vectors, and artificial chromosomes (e.g. yeast artificial chromosomes).
  • viral vectors e.g. gammaretroviral vectors (e.g. murine Leukemia virus (MLV)-derived vectors), lentiviral vectors, adenovirus vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors, vaccinia virus vectors and herpesvirus vectors
  • lentiviral vectors e.g. murine Leukemia virus (MLV)-derived vectors
  • lentiviral vectors e.g. murine Leukemia virus (ML
  • the vector may be a eukaryotic vector, e.g. a vector comprising the elements necessary for expression of nucleic acid from the vector in a eukaryotic cell.
  • the vector may be a mammalian vector, e.g. comprising a cytomegalovirus (CMV) or SV40 promoter to drive expression.
  • CMV cytomegalovirus
  • the vector comprises a cell- or tissue-specific promoter.
  • the vector comprises a liver cell-specific promoter.
  • the present disclosure also provides a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure also provides nucleic acids and vectors comprising or encoding a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure.
  • inhibitory nucleic acids of a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may be identical or non-identical.
  • a nucleic acid/vector comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises/encodes more than one inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure
  • the inhibitory nucleic acids comprised/encoded by the nucleic acid/vector may be identical or non-identical.
  • nucleic acids/vectors may encode one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, nucleic acids/vectors may encode multiple (e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.) copies of a given inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may be a plurality of non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids.
  • a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids may comprise one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids.
  • nucleic acids/vectors may comprise/encode a plurality of non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure.
  • the non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids comprise or encode non-identical antisense nucleic acids.
  • the non-identical antisense nucleic acids may each independently conform to any embodiment of an antisense nucleic acid as described hereinabove.
  • the non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids may comprise or encode antisense nucleic acids targeting non-identical target nucleotide sequences.
  • the non-identical target nucleotide sequences may each independently conform to any embodiment of a target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid as described hereinabove.
  • the present disclosure also provides a cell comprising or expressing (i) an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure, (ii) nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure, and/or (iii) a vector comprising nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • the cell may be a eukaryotic cell, e.g. a mammalian cell.
  • the mammal may be a primate (rhesus, cynomolgous, non-human primate or human) or a non-human mammal (e.g. rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse or other rodent (including any animal in the order Rodentia), cat, dog, pig, sheep, goat, cattle (including cows, e.g. dairy cows, or any animal in the order Bos), horse (including any animal in the order Equidae), donkey, and non-human primate).
  • the cell may be a human cell.
  • the cell may be a liver cell.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for producing a cell comprising a nucleic acid or vector according to the present disclosure, comprising introducing a nucleic acid or vector according to the present disclosure into a cell.
  • introducing a nucleic acid or vector according to the present disclosure into a cell comprises transformation, transfection, electroporation or transduction (e.g. retroviral transduction).
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for producing an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure or a nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure, comprising culturing a cell comprising nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure or a vector according to the present disclosure under conditions suitable for expression of the nucleic acid or vector by the cell.
  • the methods are performed in vitro.
  • compositions comprising nucleic acids (including inhibitory nucleic acids, nucleic acids comprising/encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid, expression vectors comprising/encoding such nucleic acids) or cells according to the present disclosure.
  • the inhibitors and compositions of the present disclosure are preferably formulated as a medicament or pharmaceutical composition (suitable for clinical use).
  • Such compositions may comprise the inhibitor or cell together with one or more other pharmaceutically-acceptable ingredients well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Such ingredients include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, diluents, fillers, buffers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, lubricants, stabilisers, solubilisers, surfactants (e.g., wetting agents), masking agents, colouring agents, flavouring agents, and sweetening agents.
  • composition comprising an inhibitor as defined herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • compositions according to the present disclosure may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active compound with a carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active compound with carriers (e.g., liquid carriers, finely divided solid carrier, etc.), and then shaping the product, if necessary.
  • carriers e.g., liquid carriers, finely divided solid carrier, etc.
  • compositions may be prepared for topical, parenteral, systemic, intracavitary, intravenous, intra-arterial, intramuscular, intrathecal, intraocular, intravitreal, intraconjunctival, subretinal, suprachoroidal, subcutaneous, intradermal, intrathecal, oral, nasal or transdermal routes of administration which may include injection or infusion.
  • Suitable formulations may comprise the selected agent in a sterile or isotonic medium.
  • the formulation and mode of administration may be selected according to the agent to be administered, and disease to be treated/prevented.
  • compositions of the present invention may be administered in a number of ways depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated. Administration may be topical (including intranasal or intrapulmonary), oral or parenteral. Parenteral administration includes intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection.
  • compositions of the present disclosure may be formulated in fluid, including gel, form. Fluid formulations may be formulated for administration by injection or infusion (e.g. via catheter) to a selected organ or region of the human or animal body.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of formulating or producing a medicament or pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure, the method comprising formulating a pharmaceutical composition or medicament by mixing an agent with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, excipient or diluent.
  • Inhibitors including e.g. small molecules, antibodies and nucleic acids (including inhibitory nucleic acids, expression vectors)
  • cells and compositions according to the present disclosure may be modified and/or be formulated to facilitate delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell/tissue of interest, e.g. a liver cell (hepatocyte) or hepatic tissue.
  • a cell/tissue of interest e.g. a liver cell (hepatocyte) or hepatic tissue.
  • nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may employ a delivery platform described in Hu et al., Sig. Transduc. Tar. Ther. (2020) 5(101) (incorporated by reference hereinabove), or Tatiparti et al. ‘siRNA Delivery Strategies: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Developments.’ Ed. Thomas Nann. Nanomaterials 7.4 (2017): 77, and Lehto T et al., Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016, 106(Pt A):172-182, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • articles of the present disclosure may be encapsulated in a nanoparticle or a liposome.
  • articles of the present disclosure may be (covalently or non-covalently) associated with a cell-penetrating peptide (e.g. a protein transduction domain, trojan peptide, arginine-rich peptide, vectocell peptide), a cationic polymer, a cationic lipid or a viral carrier.
  • a cell-penetrating peptide e.g. a protein transduction domain, trojan peptide, arginine-rich peptide, vectocell peptide
  • a cationic polymer e.g. a cationic polymer, a cationic lipid or a viral carrier.
  • Nanoparticles may be organic, e.g. micelles, liposomes, proteins, solid-lipid particles, solid polymer particles, dendrimers, and polymer therapeutics. Nanoparticles may be inorganic, e.g. such as nanotubes or metal particles, optionally with organic molecules added. In some embodiments, a nanoparticle is a nanoparticle described in Chen et al., Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. (2016) 3:16023, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor e.g. an RNAi agent
  • delivery may be performed by contacting a cell with a nucleic acid of the invention either in vitro or in vivo.
  • In vivo delivery may also be performed directly by administering a composition comprising a nucleic acid inhibitor, e.g., a siRNA, shRNA, dsRNA, to a subject.
  • in vivo delivery may be performed indirectly by administering one or more vectors (e.g. one or more DNA vectors) that encode and direct the expression of the nucleic acid inhibitor.
  • the nucleic acid inhibitor is delivered using a viral-based or transposon-based nucleic acid construct.
  • the nucleic acid inhibitor is encapsulated in a liposome.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure comprises modification to incorporate one or more moieties facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell type or tissue of interest.
  • an inhibitor according to the present disclosure is linked (e.g. chemically conjugated to) one or more moieties facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell type or tissue of interest.
  • the moiety facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell type or tissue of interest may bind selectively to the target cell type/tissue of interest.
  • the moiety may facilitate traversal of the cell membrane of the target cell type and/or of cells of the tissue of interest.
  • the moiety may bind to a molecule expressed at the cell surface of the target cell type/tissue of interest.
  • the moiety may facilitate internalisation of the nucleic acid by the target cell type/tissue of interest (e.g. by endocytosis).
  • Moieties facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, cell types or tissues of interest are described e.g. in Benizri et al., Bioconjug Chem. (2019) 30(2): 366-383, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Such moieties include e.g. N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), ⁇ -tocopherol, cell-penetrating peptide, nucleic acid aptamer, antibody and antigen-binding fragments/derivatives thereof, cholesterol, squalene, polyethylene glycol (PEG), fatty acid (e.g. palmitic acid) and nucleolipid moieties.
  • the moiety may e.g. be a peptide/polypeptide (e.g. an antibody, fragment or derivative thereof, peptide aptamer or cell-penetrating peptide) or nucleic acid (e.g. a nucleic acid aptamer) which binds to the target cell type/tissue of interest, e.g. via interaction with a molecule expressed at the cell surface of the target cell type/tissue of interest.
  • a peptide/polypeptide e.g. an antibody, fragment or derivative thereof, peptide aptamer or cell-penetrating peptide
  • nucleic acid e.g. a nucleic acid aptamer
  • the moiety may e.g. be a peptide/polypeptide (e.g. an antibody, fragment or derivative thereof, peptide aptamer or cell-penetrating peptide) or nucleic acid (e.g. a nucleic acid aptamer) which binds to a hepatocyte and/or hepatic tissue, e.g. via interaction with a molecule expressed at the cell surface of a hepatocyte (e.g. an asialoglycoprotein receptor, e.g. ASGR1 or ASGR2).
  • a hepatocyte e.g. an asialoglycoprotein receptor, e.g. ASGR1 or ASGR2
  • the moiety is, or comprises, GalNAc.
  • an inhibitor e.g. a nucleic acid
  • GalNAc interacts with asialoglycoprotein receptors expressed by hepatocytes.
  • Nucleic acids conjugated to GalNAc are efficiently internalised by hepatic cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis following binding of GalNAc to ASGPR (see e.g. Nair et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2014) 136(49): 16958-16961).
  • an inhibitor e.g. a nucleic acid
  • one or more GalNAc moieties may be covalently associated to the 5′ or 3′ end of one or more strands of a nucleic acid.
  • a nucleic acid is conjugated to a triantennary GalNAc carbohydrate moiety (such moieties are described e.g. in Nair et al., supra).
  • an inhibitory nucleic acid comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155; and (ii) a triantennary GalNAc carbohydrate moiety.
  • nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%
  • the moiety is, or comprises, ⁇ -tocopherol (i.e. vitamin E).
  • a nucleic acid is conjugated to ⁇ -tocopherol. Nucleic acid- ⁇ -tocopherol conjugates have been employed for targeted delivery of nucleic acids to the liver (see e.g. Nishina et al., Mol Ther. (2008) 16(4):734-740).
  • a nucleic acid is conjugated to one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or more) ⁇ -tocopherol moieties.
  • one or more ⁇ -tocopherol moieties may be covalently associated to the 5′ or 3′ end of one or more strands of a nucleic acid.
  • Conjugates of biomolecules may be produced utilising ‘click chemistry’, as described e.g. in Nwe and Brechbiel Cancer Biother Radiopharm. (2009) 24(3):289-302 and Astakhova et al., Mol Pharm. (2016) 15(8): 2892-2899, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • conjugation may employ akyne-azide or thio-maleimide approaches.
  • an inhibitor e.g. nucleic acid
  • Inhibitors may be conjugated to one or more moieties facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, cell types or tissues of interest via a linker.
  • a linker may be or comprise a nucleotide sequence.
  • the nucleotide sequence of a linker may comprise one or more modified nucleotides as described herein.
  • inhibitors, nucleic acids, expression vectors, cells and compositions described herein find use in therapeutic and prophylactic methods.
  • the present invention provides methods and articles (agents and compositions) for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases through inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Treatment/prevention of disease is achieved by inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in e.g. a cell, tissue/organ/organ system/subject.
  • the invention is concerned with the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are caused and/or exacerbated by an increase in the expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (and/or associated downstream factors), or diseases which are caused and/or exacerbated by a decrease in the expression/activity of one or more associated downstream factors that are downregulated by one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Inhibition of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (genes, mRNA and/or proteins) in any of the methods described herein may be achieved using any suitable inhibitor.
  • the inhibitor is a nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, antigen-binding molecule or small molecule inhibitor, e.g. as described herein. Multiple inhibitors may be used to target any two or more of the genes/proteins.
  • the inhibitor may be a nucleic acid as described herein, e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid.
  • the utility of the present invention extends to the treatment/prevention of any disease that would derive therapeutic/prophylactic benefit from a reduction in the level of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB expression and/or activity.
  • a disease to be treated/prevented may be characterised by an increase in the expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (or a correlate thereof) in an organ/tissue/subject affected by the disease e.g. as compared to normal organ/tissue/subject (i.e. in the absence of the disease).
  • Treatment/prevention may be of a disease that is associated with an upregulation in the expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (or a correlate thereof) in cells/tissue/an organ in which the symptoms of the disease manifest.
  • fibroinflammatory disorders such as liver disease, inflammatory liver disorders, steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • liver disease inflammatory liver disorders, steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
  • fibrosis fibrosis
  • cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma
  • the present disclosure establishes inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB as being useful for the treatment/prevention of diseases that are characterised by, e.g., NAFLD, NASH, fibrosis, and/or inflammation, e.g. of the liver or other tissues.
  • aspects of the present invention are concerned with the treatment/prevention of a liver disease or condition.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a liver disease or condition, comprising inhibiting at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • inhibition/inhibiting may refer to inhibition of the expression and/or activity of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and the downstream functional consequences thereof, and encompasses decreased/reduced gene and/or protein expression or decreased/reduced activity of any one of said genes/proteins.
  • the method may comprise administering two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) inhibitors that target two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • the inhibitor may be any suitable inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, such as any agent described herein, e.g. nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, antigen-binding molecule or small molecule inhibitor.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as those described herein.
  • the liver disease or condition to be treated/prevented is selected from the group consisting of: acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, mild liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALFD), alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis, liver damage, liver injury, liver failure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, end-stage liver disease, inflammation of the liver, lobular inflammation, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • acute liver disease chronic liver disease
  • metabolic liver disease steatosis
  • liver fibrosis liver fibrosis
  • PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • the liver fibrosis is a virus-induced liver fibrosis.
  • the hepatitis is an alcohol-induced hepatitis.
  • the liver damage is a drug or virus-induced liver damage.
  • the experimental examples of the present disclosure identify MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and LTB as regulators of fibroinflammatory processes, which are moreover conserved between different tissue types.
  • aspects of the present invention are concerned with the treatment/prevention of diseases in which profibrotic processes are pathologically implicated. Accordingly, in some embodiments the disease is fibrosis, or a disease characterised by fibrosis.
  • Fibrous connective tissue refers to the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue as a result of the excess deposition of extracellular matrix components, for example collagen.
  • Fibrous connective tissue is characterised by having extracellular matrix (ECM) with a high collagen content.
  • ECM extracellular matrix
  • the collagen may be provided in strands or fibers, which may be arranged irregularly or aligned.
  • the ECM of fibrous connective tissue may also include glycosaminoglycans.
  • Damage to tissues can result from various stimuli, including infections, autoimmune reactions, toxins, radiation and mechanical injury. Repair typically involves replacement of injured cells by cells of the same type, and replacement of normal parenchymal tissue with connective tissue. Repair processes become pathogenic when they are not controlled properly, resulting in substantial deposition of ECM components in which normal tissue is replaced with permanent scar tissue. In diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular fibrosis, systemic sclerosis and nephritis, extensive tissue remodelling and fibrosis can ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
  • diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular fibrosis, systemic sclerosis and nephritis, extensive tissue remodelling and fibrosis can ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
  • the main cellular effectors of fibrosis are myofibroblasts, which produce a collagen-rich ECM.
  • myofibroblasts which produce a collagen-rich ECM.
  • pro-fibrotic factors such as TGF ⁇ , IL-13 and PDGF, which activate fibroblasts to ⁇ SMA-expressing myofibroblasts, and recruit myofibroblasts to the site of injury.
  • Myofibroblasts produce a large amount of ECM, and are important mediators in aiding contracture and closure of the wound.
  • ECM extracellular effectors of fibrosis
  • Inflammatory reactions play an important part in triggering fibrosis in many different organ systems. Inflammation can lead to excess in deposition of ECM components in the affected tissues. Low-grade but persistent inflammation is also thought to contribute to the progression of fibrosis in cardiovascular disease and hypertension. In many fibrotic disorders, a persistent inflammatory trigger is crucial to upregulation of production of growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, angiogenic factors and fibrogenic cytokines, which stimulate the deposition of connective tissue elements that progressively remodel and destroy normal tissue architecture.
  • fibrosis may be triggered by pathological conditions, e.g. conditions, infections or disease states that lead to production of pro-fibrotic factors such as TGF ⁇ 1.
  • fibrosis may be caused by physical injury/stimuli, chemical injury/stimuli or environmental injury/stimuli. Physical injury/stimuli may occur during surgery, e.g. iatrogenic causes.
  • Chemical injury/stimuli may include drug induced fibrosis, e.g. following chronic administration of drugs such as bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, amiodarone, procainamide, penicillamine, gold and nitrofurantoin (Daba et al., Saudi Med J 2004 June, 25(6): 700-6).
  • Environmental injury/stimuli may include exposure to asbestos fibres or silica.
  • Fibrosis can be of any tissue/organ of the body.
  • fibrosis is of the heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, blood vessels, eye, skin, pancreas, bowel, small intestine, large intestine, colon, brain, or bone marrow.
  • the fibrosis is of the liver.
  • the fibrosis is of the heart, lung or kidney. Fibrosis may also occur in multiple tissues/organs at once.
  • the present invention provides methods and articles (agents and compositions) for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases characterised by fibrosis through inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a disease characterised by fibrosis, comprising inhibiting at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • the method may comprise administering two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) inhibitors that target two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • a “disease characterised by fibrosis” refers to a disease in which fibrosis and/or profibrotic processes are pathologically implicated.
  • a “disease characterised by fibrosis” may be fibrosis, e.g. of any cell, tissue or organ.
  • fibrosis diseases characterised by fibrosis include but are not limited to: respiratory conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, progressive massive fibrosis, scleroderma, obliterative bronchiolitis, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, asbestosis, silicosis, chronic pulmonary hypertension, AIDS associated pulmonary hypertension, sarcoidosis, tumor stroma in lung disease, and asthma; chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), schistosomal liver disease, cardiovascular conditions such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), fibrosis of the atrium, atrial fibrillation, fibrosis of the ventricle, ventricular fibrillation, myocardial fibrosis, Brugad
  • macular degeneration e.g. wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
  • AMD wet age-related macular degeneration
  • diabetic retinopathy retinopathy
  • glaucoma corneal fibrosis
  • post-surgical fibrosis e.g. of the posterior capsule following cataract surgery, or of the bleb following trabeculectomy for glaucoma
  • conjunctival fibrosis subconjunctival fibrosis
  • arthritis fibrotic pre-neoplastic and fibrotic neoplastic disease
  • fibrosis induced by chemical or environmental insult e.g., cancer chemotherapy, pesticides, radiation/cancer radiotherapy.
  • fibrosis of the ventricle may occur post myocardial infarction, and is associated with DCM, HCM and myocarditis.
  • Fibrosis can lead directly or indirectly to, and/or increase susceptibility to development of, diseases. For example, more than 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) develop in fibrotic or cirrhotic livers (Affo et al. 2016, Annu Rev Pathol.), suggesting an important role for liver fibrosis in the premalignant environment (PME) of the liver.
  • HCCs hepatocellular carcinomas
  • PME premalignant environment
  • the present invention also finds use in methods for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with fibrosis, and/or for which fibrosis is a risk factor.
  • the disease associated with fibrosis, or for which fibrosis is a risk factor is a cancer, e.g. cancer of the liver (e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma).
  • the fibrosis to be treated/prevented according to the present invention may be of fibrosis that is associated with an upregulation of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB expression and/or activity, e.g. in cells/tissue/an organ in which the fibrosis occurs or may occur.
  • the therapy may be effective to inhibit development (delay/prevent) of the fibrosis, or of progression (e.g. worsening) of the fibrosis.
  • therapy may lead to an improvement in the disease, e.g. a reduction in the symptoms of fibrosis.
  • Prevention of fibrosis may refer to prevention of a worsening of the condition or prevention of the development of fibrosis, e.g. preventing an early stage fibrosis (e.g. inflammation, steatosis, NAFLD) developing to a later stage (e.g. fibrosis, cirrhosis, HCC).
  • Inflammation refers to the bodily response to cellular/tissue injury, and is characterised by edema, erythema (redness), heat, pain, and loss of function (stiffness and immobility) resulting from local immune, vascular and inflammatory cell responses to infection or injury.
  • the injury may result from e.g. of physical (e.g. mechanical) or chemical insult, trauma, infection, cancer or overactive/aberrant immune responses (e.g. autoimmune disease).
  • Inflammation forms part of the innate immune response, and plays an important physiological role in wound healing and the control of infection, and contributes to the restoration of tissue homeostasis.
  • Pathological inflammation may refer to inflammation which is implicated in (i.e. which positively contributes to) the pathology of a disease.
  • the disease to be treated/prevented in accordance with the present invention is a disease characterised by chronic inflammation. In some embodiments, the disease to be treated/prevented is a disease characterised by an overactive inflammatory response.
  • the treatment/prevention of chronic inflammation or an overactive inflammatory immune response associated with a chronic infection, cancer, autoimmune disease, degenerative disease or allergic disease is contemplated.
  • Pathological inflammation which is “associated with” a given disease may refer to pathological inflammation caused by, initiated by and/or which is a consequence of the disease. Pathological inflammation associated with a given disease may be concurrent with the disease.
  • Chronic inflammation generally refers to inflammation lasting for prolonged periods of time, e.g. from months to years. Chronic inflammation can result e.g. from failure to properly control/eliminate an infectious agent causing inflammation (i.e. chronic infection), prolonged/repeated exposure to physical/chemical insult, prolonged/repeated exposure to an allergen (allergy), and autoimmune disease.
  • the chronic inflammation, overactive inflammatory immune response, chronic infection, cancer, autoimmune disease, degenerative disease or allergic disease may affect any tissue/organ of the body, e.g. the heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, blood vessels, eye, skin, pancreas, bowel, small intestine, large intestine, colon, brain, or bone marrow, or multiple tissues/organs at once.
  • An overactive inflammatory immune response generally refers to an inflammatory immune response that is excessive, and/or which has been activated inappropriately (i.e. an inflammatory immune response which is aberrant).
  • An excessive inflammatory immune response refers to an inflammatory immune response which is greater than the response required for restoration of tissue homeostasis following injury to tissue (e.g. as a result of physical or chemical insult or infection).
  • Aberrant inflammatory immune responses include inflammatory immune responses resulting from autoimmunity and allergy.
  • Chronic infections include persistent/unresolved infection by any infectious agent, e.g. chronic viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections.
  • Chronic viral infections may be caused e.g. by infection with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), measles virus (MV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLVs), human herpesviruses (HHVs), herpes simplex viruses (HSVs), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), human papovaviruses (e.g.
  • Chronic bacterial infections may be caused e.g. by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella Typhi, Treponema pallidum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , Hemophilus influenza or Mycobacterium leprae .
  • Chronic fungal infections may be caused e.g. by infection with Candida spp or Aspergillus .
  • Chronic protozoal infections may be caused e.g. by infection with Plasmodium spp., Babesia spp., Giardia spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp. or Toxoplasma spp.
  • a cancer may be any cancer.
  • cancers include any unwanted cell proliferation (or any disease manifesting itself by unwanted cell proliferation), neoplasm or tumor.
  • the cancer may be benign or malignant and may be primary or secondary (metastatic).
  • a neoplasm or tumor may be any abnormal growth or proliferation of cells and may be located in any tissue.
  • the cancer may be of tissues/cells derived from e.g. the adrenal gland, adrenal medulla, anus, appendix, bladder, blood, bone, bone marrow, brain, breast, cecum, central nervous system (including or excluding the brain) cerebellum, cervix, colon, duodenum, endometrium, epithelial cells (e.g.
  • kidney oesophagus
  • glial cells heart, ileum, jejunum, kidney, lacrimal glad, larynx, liver, lung, lymph, lymph node, lymphoblast, maxilla, mediastinum, mesentery, myometrium, nasopharynx, omentum, oral cavity, ovary, pancreas, parotid gland, peripheral nervous system, peritoneum, pleura, prostate, salivary gland, sigmoid colon, skin, small intestine, soft tissues, spleen, stomach, testis, thymus, thyroid gland, tongue, tonsil, trachea, uterus, vulva, and/or white blood cells.
  • An autoimmune disease may be selected from: diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2, coeliac disease, Graves' disease, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease), multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Degenerative diseases are characterised by deterioration of cell/tissue/organ condition or function over time. Proinflammatory and profibrotic processes are implicated in the pathology of many degenerative diseases.
  • Degenerative disease include e.g. Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cancers, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, cystic fibrosis, degenerative Leigh syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Friedreich's ataxia, frontotemporal dementia, cardiovascular diseases (e.g. atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (e.g.
  • coronary artery disease aortic stenosis
  • myocardial infarction pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • Huntington's disease infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, keratoconus, keratoglobus, leukodystrophies, macular degeneration, Marfan's syndrome, mitochondrial myopathies, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, multiple sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, muscular dystrophies, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, Niemann-Pick disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, all prion diseases (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia etc.), progressive supranuclear palsy, retinitis pigmentosa, rheumatoid arthritis, Sandhoff Disease, spinal muscular atrophy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Tay-Sachs disease and vascular dementia.
  • An allergic disease may be selected from allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy and atopic dermatitis.
  • the chronic inflammation, overactive inflammatory immune response, chronic infection, cancer, autoimmune disease or allergic disease may be of: an organ of the cardiovascular system, e.g. of the heart or blood vessels; an organ of the gastrointestinal system, e.g. of the liver, bowel, small intestine, large intestine, colon, or pancreas; an organ of the respiratory system, e.g. the lung; the skin; an organ of the nervous system, e.g. the brain; an organ of the urinary system, e.g. the kidneys; or an organ of the musculoskeletal system, e.g. muscle tissue.
  • an organ of the cardiovascular system e.g. of the heart or blood vessels
  • an organ of the gastrointestinal system e.g. of the liver, bowel, small intestine, large intestine, colon, or pancreas
  • an organ of the respiratory system e.g. the lung
  • the skin e.g. the nervous system
  • an organ of the urinary system e.g. the kidneys
  • the present invention also finds use in methods for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with pathological inflammation, and/or for which pathological inflammation is a risk factor.
  • the disease associated with pathological inflammation, or for which pathological inflammation is a risk factor is fibrosis or a disease characterised by fibrosis.
  • the pathological inflammation to be treated/prevented according to the present invention may be of pathological inflammation that is associated with an upregulation of expression and/or activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, e.g. in cells/tissue/an organ in which the pathological inflammation occurs or may occur.
  • the therapy may be effective to inhibit development (delay/prevent) of the pathological inflammation, or of progression (e.g. worsening) of the pathological inflammation.
  • therapy may lead to an improvement in the disease, e.g. a reduction in the symptoms of pathological inflammation.
  • Prevention of pathological inflammation may refer to prevention of a worsening of the condition or prevention of the development of pathological inflammation, e.g. preventing an early stage pathological inflammation developing to a later stage.
  • Therapeutic/prophylactic intervention in accordance with the present invention may be employed in the context of additional treatment for the relevant disease. That is, expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be inhibited in a subject (e.g. by treatment with a suitable inhibitor such as those described herein) that is also receiving/has received/will receive further therapeutic/prophylactic intervention for the treatment/prevention of the disease.
  • the experimental examples show that proliferation, expansion and regeneration of liver and lung cells/tissue can be achieved via inhibition of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • a method of treating and/or preventing a disease according to the present invention may comprise one or more of the following:
  • the disclosure teaches a method of treating a condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to treat the condition or disease in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of treating a liver condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to treat the liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • a “gene associated with organ regeneration” as used herein may refer to one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB genes.
  • a “corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration” as used herein may refer to an mRNA encoded by one or more genes above, or a MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein.
  • a subject herein is suffering from a liver condition or disease, as described herein.
  • the methods described herein may comprise preventing or treating the liver condition or disease.
  • a subject herein is suffering from a lung condition or disease.
  • the lung condition or disease may be a cigarette or viral-induced lung condition or disease.
  • the lung condition or disease may be lung damage or fibrosis.
  • the method may comprise preventing or treating the lung condition or disease.
  • a method of protecting a subject from liver damage or a disease associated with fibrosis comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to protect the subject from liver damage.
  • the inhibitor may be one described herein.
  • a gene/corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration may be one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for use in preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • the inhibitor is capable of stimulating or increasing proliferation of hepatocytes in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is the use of an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • a method of enhancing cell function in a subject comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell function in the subject.
  • “Enhancing cell function” refers to improving the endogenous activity of a cell, e.g. signalling, proliferation, expansion. Function of a cell may be enhanced starting from a healthy state, or from a diseased/impaired state.
  • the method may comprise improving the robustness of the cell under diseased condition.
  • robustness refers to being able to survive under diseased condition.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of enhancing cell viability in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell viability in the subject, e.g. in inhibitor described herein.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method of stimulating or increasing proliferation and/or regeneration of a cell in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to stimulate or increase proliferation of the cell in the subject.
  • the method further increases the robustness of the cell under diseased conditions in the subject.
  • the gene associated with organ regeneration is identified by knocking down the gene in a hepatocyte of an animal model and detecting proliferation and/or regeneration of the hepatocyte in the animal model.
  • the gene associated with organ regeneration is selected from the group consisting of Microfibril Associated Protein 4 (Mfap4), Glyoxylate and Hydroxypyruvate Reductase (Grhpr), Integrin Alpha FG-GAP Repeat Containing 1 (Itfg1), ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (ABCC4), p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3 (PAK3), TMF1 regulated nuclear protein 1 (TRNP1), Apelin (APLN), Kindesin Family Member 20A (KIF20A) and Lymphotoxin beta (LTB).
  • Mfap4 Microfibril Associated Protein 4
  • Grhpr Glyoxylate and Hydroxypyruvate Reductase
  • Itfg1 Integrin Alpha FG-GAP Repeat Containing 1
  • ABCC4 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4
  • RAC1 p21
  • PAK3 p21
  • a “gene product” is a biopolymeric product that is expressed or produced by a gene.
  • a gene product may be, for example, an unspliced RNA, an mRNA, a splice variant mRNA, a polypeptide, a post-translationally modified polypeptide, a splice variant polypeptide etc.
  • biopolymeric products that are made using an RNA gene product as a template (i.e. cDNA of the RNA).
  • a gene product may be made enzymatically, recombinantly, chemically, or within a cell to which the gene is native.
  • the gene product if the gene product is proteinaceous, it exhibits a biological activity.
  • the gene product is a nucleic acid, it can be translated into a proteinaceous gene product that exhibits a biological activity.
  • Disclosed herein is an in vitro or in vivo method for reducing gene and/or protein expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell, comprising introducing an inhibitor described herein into the cell.
  • the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid as described herein.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of regenerating liver tissue in vitro or in vivo, the method comprising inhibiting at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell of the tissue, e.g. using an inhibitor described herein.
  • Disclosed herein is a method for preventing age-dependent decline in the regenerative capacity of a hepatocyte, the method comprising inhibiting at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell of the tissue, e.g. using an inhibitor described herein.
  • treating may refer to (1) preventing or delaying the appearance of one or more symptoms of the disorder; (2) inhibiting the development of the disorder or one or more symptoms of the disorder; (3) relieving the disorder, i.e., causing regression of the disorder or at least one or more symptoms of the disorder; and/or (4) causing a decrease in the severity of one or more symptoms of the disorder.
  • treating may refer to regeneration of the tissue/organ in question, or preventing a disease/condition from progressing to a later, more severe stage.
  • administering refers to contacting, applying, injecting, transfusing or providing an inhibitor as referred to herein to a subject.
  • subject as used throughout the specification is to be understood to mean a human or may be a domestic or companion animal. While it is particularly contemplated that the methods of the invention are for treatment of humans, they are also applicable to veterinary treatments, including treatment of companion animals such as dogs and cats, and domestic animals such as horses, cattle and sheep, or zoo animals such as primates, felids, canids, bovids, and ungulates.
  • the “subject” may include a person, a patient or individual, and may be of any age or gender.
  • the patient may have a disease described herein.
  • a subject may have been diagnosed with a disease requiring treatment, may be suspected of having such a disease, or may be at risk from developing a disease.
  • the subject is preferably a human subject.
  • a subject may be selected for treatment according to the methods based on characterisation for certain markers of a disease described herein.
  • any method disclosed herein comprises administering an inhibitor according to the present disclosure into a subject, organ, tissue or cell.
  • the organ, tissue or cell may be in vivo or in vitro. Any method described herein may be performed in vivo or in vitro.
  • aspects and embodiments of the present invention concern detection of expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (gene and/or protein expression) and/or activity in a cell/tissue/organ of a subject, e.g. as determined by analysis of a cell/tissue/organ of a subject, e.g. in a sample obtained from the subject (such as an in vitro cell/tissue/organ/sample).
  • a method of detecting a liver condition or disease in a subject comprising detecting in a sample the level of one or more biomarkers associated with liver regeneration, wherein a change in the level of the one or more biomarkers as compared to a reference indicates that the subject is suffering from a liver condition or disease.
  • the one or more biomarkers may be one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Upregulated expression and/or activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may identify a subject as a subject to be treated with an inhibitor of at least one of those genes/proteins in accordance with the present invention.
  • Upregulated expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB refers to a level of expression/activity that is greater than would be expected for a cell/tissue of a given type. Gene or protein expression and activity can be analysed as described herein.
  • Upregulation may be determined by measuring the level of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell/tissue. Comparison may be made between the level of expression/activity in a cell or tissue sample from a subject and a reference level of expression/activity, e.g. a value/range of values representing a normal level of expression/activity for the same or corresponding cell/tissue type.
  • reference levels may be determined by detecting expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a control sample, e.g. in corresponding cells or tissue from a healthy subject or from healthy tissue of the same subject.
  • reference levels may be obtained from a standard curve or data set.
  • a sample obtained from a subject may be of any kind.
  • a biological sample may be taken from any tissue or bodily fluid, e.g. a blood sample, blood-derived sample, serum sample, lymph sample, semen sample, saliva sample, synovial fluid sample.
  • a blood-derived sample may be a selected fraction of a patient's blood, e.g. a selected cell-containing fraction or a plasma or serum fraction.
  • a sample may comprise a tissue sample or biopsy; or cells isolated from a subject. Samples may be collected by known techniques, such as biopsy or needle aspirate. Samples may be stored and/or processed for subsequent determination of the level of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • a sample may be a tissue sample, e.g. biopsy, taken from a tissue/organ affected by a disease described herein.
  • a sample may contain cells.
  • a subject may be selected for therapy/prophylaxis in accordance with the present invention based on determination that the subject has an upregulated level of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Upregulated expression/activity of said genes/proteins may serve as a marker of a disease suitable for treatment in accordance with the present invention.
  • a subject may be treated to inhibit expression and/or activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, e.g. by administration of an inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. that has an upregulated level of expression/activity).
  • Detection of upregulation of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may also be used in a method of diagnosing a disease described herein, identifying a subject at risk of developing a disease described herein, and in methods of prognosing a subject's response to inhibition of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. via treatment with an inhibitor targeting one or more of said genes/proteins).
  • a subject may be suspected of having or suffering from a disease, e.g. based on the presence of other symptoms indicative of the disease in the subject's body or in selected cells/tissues of the subject's body, or be considered at risk of developing the disease, e.g. because of genetic predisposition or exposure to environmental conditions, known to be risk factors for the disease.
  • Determination of upregulation of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may confirm a diagnosis or suspected diagnosis, or may confirm that the subject is at risk of developing the disease.
  • the determination may also diagnose a disease or predisposition as one suitable for treatment with an inhibitor of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • a method of providing a prognosis for a subject having, or suspected of having a disease comprising determining whether expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB is upregulated in a sample obtained from the subject and, based on the determination, providing a prognosis for treatment of the subject with a inhibitor of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • the method may further comprise the step of selecting the subject for treatment with an inhibitor of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and/or administering an inhibitor of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to the subject in order to provide a treatment for a disease described herein in the subject or to prevent development or progression of a disease described herein in the subject.
  • Methods of diagnosis or prognosis may be performed in vitro on a sample obtained from a subject, or following processing of a sample obtained from a subject. Once the sample is collected, the patient is not required to be present for the in vitro method of diagnosis or prognosis to be performed and therefore the method may be one which is not practised on the human or animal body.
  • the sample obtained from a subject may be of any kind, as described herein above.
  • diagnostic or prognostic tests may be used in conjunction with those described here to enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis or prognosis or to confirm a result obtained using the tests described herein.
  • therapeutically effective amount and “effective amount” are used interchangeably and refer to an amount of a compound that is sufficient to effect treatment as defined below, when administered to a patient (e.g., a human) in need of such treatment in one or more doses.
  • the therapeutically effective amount will vary depending upon the patient, the disease being treated, the weight and/or age of the patient, the severity of the disease, the nature of the agent, or the manner of administration as determined by a qualified prescriber or care giver. Examples of the techniques and protocols mentioned above can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20th Edition, 2000, pub. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
  • Multiple doses of the agent may be provided.
  • One or more, or each, of the doses may be accompanied by simultaneous or sequential administration of another therapeutic agent.
  • Multiple doses may be separated by a predetermined time interval, which may be selected to be one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, or 31 days, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 months.
  • doses may be given once every 7, 14, 21 or 28 days (plus or minus 3, 2, or 1 days).
  • inhibitors for use as described herein are preferably formulated as a medicament or pharmaceutical together with one or more other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients well known to those skilled in the art, including, but not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, diluents, fillers, buffers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, lubricants, stabilisers, solubilisers, surfactants (e.g., wetting agents), masking agents, colouring agents, flavouring agents, and sweetening agents.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers including, but not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, diluents, fillers, buffers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, lubricants, stabilisers, solubilisers, surfactants (e.g., wetting agents), masking agents, colouring agents, flavouring agents, and sweetening agents.
  • “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes excipients or agents such as solvents, diluents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like that are not deleterious to the disclosed compound or use thereof.
  • excipients or agents such as solvents, diluents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like that are not deleterious to the disclosed compound or use thereof.
  • the use of such carriers and agents to prepare compositions of pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art (see, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mace Publishing Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 17th Ed. (1985); and Modern Pharmaceutics, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 3rd Ed. (G. S. Banker & C. T. Rhodes, Eds.).
  • Each carrier, adjuvant, excipient, etc. must also be “acceptable” in the sense
  • Suitable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, etc. can be found in standard pharmaceutical texts, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1990; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 2nd edition, 1994.
  • the formulations may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active compound with a carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active compound with carriers (e.g., liquid carriers, finely divided solid carrier, etc.), and then shaping the product, if necessary.
  • carriers e.g., liquid carriers, finely divided solid carrier, etc.
  • the formulations may be prepared for topical, parenteral, systemic, intravenous, intra-arterial, intramuscular, intrathecal, intraocular, intra-conjunctival, subcutaneous, oral or transdermal routes of administration which may include injection.
  • injectable formulations may comprise the selected agent in a sterile or isotonic medium.
  • the formulation and mode of administration may be selected according to the agent and disease to be treated/prevented.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of screening for an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration by: a) contacting the gene or corresponding gene product with a chemical compound library, and b) identifying a chemical compound within the library that is binds to the gene or corresponding gene product to inhibit the expression or function of the gene or corresponding gene product.
  • reporter cells lines for screening of small compound inhibitors for a gene or corresponding gene product associated with cell regeneration.
  • a method of stimulating or increasing proliferation and/or regeneration of a cell in a subject comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to stimulate or increase proliferation of the cell in the subject.
  • the gene associated with organ regeneration is selected from the group consisting of Microfibril Associated Protein 4 (Mfap4), Glyoxylate and Hydroxypyruvate Reductase (Grhpr), Integrin Alpha FG-GAP Repeat Containing 1 (Itfg1), ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (ABCC4), p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3 (PAK3), TMF1 regulated nuclear protein 1 (TRNP1), Apelin (APLN), Kindesin Family Member 20A (KIF20A) and Lymphotoxin beta (LTB).
  • Mfap4 Microfibril Associated Protein 4
  • Grhpr Glyoxylate and Hydroxypyruvate Reductase
  • Itfg1 Integrin Alpha FG-GAP Repeat Containing 1
  • ABCC4 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4
  • RAC1 p21
  • PAK3 p21
  • the inhibitor is a nucleic acid inhibitor comprising or encoding an RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 under stringency conditions.
  • liver condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis and liver damage.
  • PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
  • PBC primary biliary cirrhosis
  • a method of enhancing cell function in a subject comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell function in the subject.
  • a method of enhancing cell viability in a subject comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell viability in the subject.
  • a method of treating a liver condition or disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to treat the liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • a method of protecting a subject from liver damage comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to protect the subject from liver damage.
  • a method of detecting a liver condition or disease in a subject comprising detecting in a sample the level of one or more biomarkers associated with liver regeneration, wherein a change in the level of the one or more biomarkers as compared to a reference indicates that the subject is suffering from a liver condition or disease.
  • An inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for use in preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • liver condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) hepatitis or liver damage.
  • PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
  • PBC primary biliary cirrhosis
  • liver condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) hepatitis or liver damage.
  • PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
  • PBC primary biliary cirrhosis
  • a nucleic acid inhibitor consisting, comprising or encoding an RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 under stringency conditions.
  • a method of screening for an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration by: a) contacting the gene or corresponding gene product with a chemical compound library, and b) identifying a chemical compound within the library that is binds to the gene or corresponding gene product to inhibit the expression or function of the gene or corresponding gene product.
  • an agent includes a plurality of agents, including mixtures thereof.
  • Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by the use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment.
  • the term “about” in relation to a numerical value is optional and means for example +/ ⁇ 10%.
  • FIG. 1 A, 1 B, 1 C, 1 D Functional genetic in vivo RNAi screen for modulators of liver regeneration
  • FIG. 1 A Outline of screen.
  • a library of 250 shRNAs targeting 89 genes was delivered to the liver by hydrodynamic-tail vine injection (HDTV) of the transposon based construct (upper panel) in combination with a sleeping beauty 13 (SB13) encoding plasmid (5 independent mice).
  • HDTV hydrodynamic-tail vine injection
  • SB13 sleeping beauty 13
  • TAA thioacetamide
  • FIG. 1 B Representation of fold change for each shRNA.
  • FIG. 1 C ROMAampl-library (250 shRNAs) distribution. Abundance of potential candidates is shown. Heatmap based representation of enrichment (dark grey) or depletion (light grey) for each animal. Upper panel shows all shRNAs (each raw represents one animal). Lower panel represents a higher magnification for highly significant enriched, depleted and neutral shRNAs (each column represents one animal).
  • FIG. 1 D Functional genetic screen identifies high confidence candidates (zoom in of FIG. 1 B) is shown). At least two independent shRNAs were enriched targeting Mfap4, Grhpr, and Itfg1.
  • non-targeting control (shNC) shRNAs did not show significant enrichment or depletion and known important liver regeneration genes are depleted, whereas shRNAs targeting the c-Met an essential receptor for liver regeneration are depleted. These results give confidence in the screening approach.
  • FIG. 2 A, 2 B, 2 C, 2 D, 2 E, 2 F, 2 G In vitro validation of targeting Mfap4 for enhancing regeneration—shRNA mediated knockdown of Mfap4 accelerates proliferation rate in embryonic liver cell line
  • FIG. 2 B Schematic outline for stable cell line based assays.
  • FIG. 2 C Wound healing assay in TIB 73 (BNLCL.2) cell line.
  • FIG. 2 E Cell doubling. Doubling time assay results are shown. Cells were seeded at same seeding densities. Doubling time was calculated based on the exponential phase of the growth curve. Three technical replicates were performed.
  • FIG. 2 F Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry using the Guava Muse Cell Analyzer. Shown is the percentage of cells in the indicated cell cycle phase.
  • FIG. 2 G Wound healing assay using adult liver mouse cell line AML12. Left panel, the same effects were observed as in FIG. 2 C ). Right panel. quantification of FIG. 2 A ) shows significantly faster wound closure already at the 14 h time-point.
  • FIG. 3 A, 3 B, 3 C, 3 D, 3 E, 3 F Mfap4 knockdown accelerates liver repopulation
  • FIG. 3 A FAH knockout mice based liver repopulation assay.
  • Upper panel shows the outline of the transposon based vector for the expression of the enzyme FAH, the marker GFP and the shRNA of interest.
  • Lower panel shows the outline and rational for the assay. If the knockdown of a certain shRNA is able to enhance regeneration and accelerate hepatocyte proliferation, we should be able to see a faster clonal expansion compared to a control shRNA starting from the stably integrated hepatocytes.
  • FIG. 3 B GFP imager images.
  • FIG. 3 C Native GFP on tissue sections.
  • FIG. 3 E Quantification of GFP-positive cells (corresponding to FIG. 3 D ) shows significant increase in GFP positive hepatocytes in case of Mfap4 knockdown compared to control. Each dot represents one animal.
  • FIG. 4 A, 4 B, 4 C, 4 D, 4 E, 4 F, 4 G, 4 H “Western Diet” (WD) mouse fatty liver model
  • FIG. 4 A WD+fructose Diet facts. The used diet is rich in fat and carbohydrates. 45% energy comes from fat, predominantly saturated fat, with 0.2% cholesterol. In addition, the animals get 60% fructose/water (wt/vol).
  • FIG. 4 B Pathological evaluation. Histological slides of liver tissue form C56B16 mice exposed for the indicated time to the “Western Diet” or normal chow were evaluated and scored by a certified pathologist. Shown are the scoring results for steatosis and fibrosis. Each point represents an animal.
  • FIG. 4 A, 4 B, 4 C, 4 D, 4 E, 4 F, 4 G, 4 H “Western Diet” (WD) mouse fatty liver model
  • FIG. 4 A WD+fructose Diet facts. The used diet is rich in fat and carbohydrates. 45% energy comes from fat
  • FIG. 4 C Mice on “Western Diet” show a progressive weight gain independent of gender.
  • FIG. 4 D WD model shows progressive fibrosis similar to human patients (see FIG. 4 E ).
  • FIG. 4 E Progressive increase in fibrosis in human patients based and disease stage, similar to the mouse model ( FIGS. 4 D & 4 B ).
  • FIG. 4 F Advanced liver fibrosis can already macroscopically be detected after 24 weeks of WD (representative image).
  • FIG. 4 G After 24 weeks of WD mouse liver show high levels of steatosis (H&E stained liver tissue, representative image).
  • FIG. 4 H Sirius Red staining for collagen fibers indicating advanced fibrosis after 24 weeks of WD exposure.
  • FIG. 5 A, 5 B, 5 C, 5 D, 5 E, 5 F Mfap4 knockdown attenuates NASH related liver fibrosis
  • FIG. 5 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months, so that every hepatocyte in the liver expresses the shRNA construct of interest. After full repopulation was reached mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” (high fat diet and 60% fructose) for 24 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 5 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible. FIG.
  • FIG. 5 D The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental group. Fibrosis score is significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group.
  • FIG. 5 F Representative GFP-scanner macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Strong GFP signal on the surface of the livers indicates full repopulation.
  • FIG. 6 A, 6 B, 6 C, 6 D Mfap4 knockdown attenuates chronic liver damage related liver fibrosis
  • FIG. 6 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 6 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible.
  • FIG. 6 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 6 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible.
  • FIG. 6 D The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental groups. Fibrosis score is significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group.
  • FIG. 7 A Experimental outline. FRGN were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. FRGN mice are FAH ⁇ / ⁇ , Rag2 ⁇ / ⁇ , II2rg ⁇ / ⁇ on a NOD background and are immune compromised. After full repopulation of mouse liver, 2 ⁇ 3 of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested 48 h after surgery. FIG.
  • FIG. 7 E Experimental outline. Immune-competent FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that 2 ⁇ 3 of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested 42 h and 48 h after surgery.
  • FIG. 7 G Quantification of Ki67 positive cells of DAB-stained liver sections (corresponding to FIG. 7 B )) show increased hepatocyte proliferation and accelerated liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in shMfap4-expressing livers compared to shNC livers (individual points represent individual animals, data shows average ⁇ SEM).
  • FIG. 7 G Quantification of Ki67 positive cells of DAB-stained liver sections (corresponding to FIG. 7 B )) show increased hepatocyte proliferation and accelerated liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in shMfap4-expressing livers compared to shNC livers (individual points represent individual animals, data shows average ⁇ SEM).
  • FIG. 7 I GFP-imaging of fully repopulated FAH ⁇ / ⁇ livers (3 months post-HDTV injections) after 2 ⁇ 3 surgical partial removal of livers corresponding to different time-points of PHx. Strong GFP signal on the surface of the livers indicates full repopulation.
  • FIG. 7 J Representative pictures of DAB GFP staining which show that full repopulation of FAH livers is around 90-95%. Dark brown zones represent repopulated hepatocytes, light brow zones are non-repopulated.
  • FIG. 8 A, 8 B, 8 C, 8 D, 8 E, 8 F, 8 G, 8 H, 8 I, 8 J, 8 K In vivo knockdown of Mfap4 impacts mTOR and p38 signalling
  • FIG. 8 A Schematic outline of experiment. Whole-cell protein extracts from repopulated mouse livers were isolated and analyzed by protein array.
  • FIG. 8 B Heat map shows results for phospho-antibody MAPK pathway protein array. Whole-cell protein extracts from repopulated mouse livers with stable expression of either shMfap4 or shNC were analyzed (shown is the relative spot intensity).
  • FIG. 8 C According to STRING database, all indicated proteins are interacting and are linked to cell growth and proliferation.
  • FIG. 8 A Schematic outline of experiment. Whole-cell protein extracts from repopulated mouse livers were isolated and analyzed by protein array.
  • FIG. 8 B Heat map shows results for phospho-antibody MAPK pathway protein array. Whole-cell protein extracts from repopulated mouse livers with stable expression of either shM
  • FIG. 8 D After performing a broad protein array focused Western blot experiments were done. Results of Western blot are shown here. Proteins from fully repopulated livers were isolated. P-P70S6k, p-p38, p-mTOR, p-ERK2 are greater expressed in case of Mfap4 knockdown compare to control and, thus, show stronger activation in case of Mfap4 knockdown compared to control. There are 3 biological replicates in experiment and 3 biological replicates in control.
  • FIG. 8 E Schematic representation for mTOR mediated regulation. The specific mTOR phosphorylation is upstream of p70S6k activation and leads to enforced translation.
  • FIG. 8 F Wound healing under double knockdown conditions.
  • FIG. 8 G Western blot on proteins from cells in FIG. 8 F were isolated. Interestingly p38 knockdown also affects p70S6k.
  • FIG. 8 H Schematic outline of preparation of stable cell line with Mfap4 knockdown for transcriptomic analysis.
  • FIG. 8 I Principal component analysis for AML12-shMfap4.1356, AML12-shMfap4.760, AML12-shNC, (Rb88-RMA050 & Ren_RMA061) and AML12 (AML_RMA052) is shown. We observed cluster separation between experiment and control.
  • FIG. 8 J Heatmap of the following samples is shown. Ptgs2, Areg, Dhrs9, Hmox1, Nqo1 are upregulated in experimental samples compared to control and these genes are known to be involved in liver regeneration according to the literature.
  • FIG. 8 K String Database shows connections between proteins which are upregulated according to FIGS. 8 D and 8 J .
  • FIG. 9 A shRNAs were identified that efficiently targeting human Mfap4. Knockdown test by Western blot analysis using whole-cell lysates. HepG2 cells with stable expression of indicated shRNAs targeting human Mfap4 were generated by retroviral infection and selection. Tubulin serves as a loading control.
  • FIG. 9 B EdU incorporation assay. DNA synthesis of HepG2 cells transfected with hushMfap4 and shNC was assessed by EdU assays.
  • FIG. 9 C- 9 E Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ⁇ 150 patients shows increased Mfap4 expression in NAFLD patients with cirrhosis and fibrosis 4 score (Table: boxes indicate disease stages with significant change, but less than log 2 2 fold change; grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 9 F Human tissue samples from healthy and cirrhotic liver was stained for Mfap4 protein (Mfap4 specific antibody & DAB staining). On the left side healthy liver tissue was stained without primary antibody as a control.
  • FIG. 9 H EdU incorporation assay shows greater number of EdU-positive cells in experiment compared to control.
  • FIG. 91 EdU incorporation assay (3 technical replicates). Shown is the value of % EdU positive cells ⁇ SEM. Immortalized human hepatocytes were either treated with siRNA targeting human MFAP4 or siNC as control (*p ⁇ 0.05).
  • FIG. 9 J Scheme of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines.
  • FIG. 9 K Representative GFP pictures of immortalized Human Hepatocytes (Creative Bioarray CSC-19016L) with stable integration of shRNAs against human Mfap4.
  • FIG. 9 H EdU incorporation assay shows greater number of EdU-positive cells in experiment compared to control.
  • FIG. 91 EdU incorporation assay (3 technical replicates). Shown is the value of % EdU positive cells ⁇ SEM. Immortalized human hepatocytes were either treated with siRNA targeting human MFAP4 or siNC as control (*p ⁇ 0.05).
  • FIG. 9 L qPCR analysis showing efficient knockdown of huMfap4 by two shRNAs—hu shMfap4.1812 (SEQ ID NO: 7100) and hu shMfap4.1602 (7097) compared to non-targeting control.
  • FIG. 9 M Western blot showing efficient knockdown of human Mfap4 by two independent shRNAs in immortalized human hepatocytes-SV40.
  • FIG. 9 N Mfap4 knockdown in human immortalized hepatocytes accelerates wound healing. Wound healing assay using immortalized human hepatocytes with stable expression of shhuMFAP4.1602 or shNC respectively.
  • FIG. 10 A, 10 B, 10 C, 10 D In vitro validation of targeting Grhpr for enhancing regeneration
  • FIG. 10 A Outline of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines.
  • FIG. 10 B Test of knockdown efficiency of top scoring shRNAs targeting Grhpr. Western blot showing efficient knockdown of Grhpr by our shRNAs (Alpha-tubulin, ⁇ Tub functions as loading control).
  • FIG. 10 C Wound healing assay. Stable cell lines were grown to full confluence, then the silicon gasket was removed leaving a defined cell free area. Filling of this “wound” gap was monitored. Representative images for each group are shown.
  • FIG. 10 B Test of knockdown efficiency of top scoring shRNAs targeting Grhpr. Western blot showing efficient knockdown of Grhpr by our shRNAs (Alpha-tubulin, ⁇ Tub functions as loading control).
  • FIG. 10 C Wound healing assay. Stable cell lines were grown to full confluence, then the silicon gas
  • FIG. 11 A, 11 B, 11 C, 11 D, 11 E, 11 F, 11 G Grhpr knockdown accelerates liver repopulation
  • FIG. 11 A Outline shows the transposon based vector for the expression of the enzyme FAH, the marker GFP and the shRNA of interest.
  • FIG. 11 B FAH knockout mice based liver repopulation assay. Outline shows the rational for the assay. If the knockdown of a certain shRNA is able to enhance regeneration and accelerate hepatocyte proliferation, we should be able to see a faster clonal expansion compared to a control shRNA starting from the stably integrated hepatocytes.
  • FIG. 11 C GFP imager images.
  • FIG. 11 D Native GFP on tissue sections. Shown are representative GFP fluorescence photographs of liver sections (200 ⁇ ) of FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice 18 days after in vivo delivery of transposon constructs either expressing shGrhpr or a control shRNA corresponding to C).
  • FIG. 11 D Native GFP on tissue sections. Shown are representative GFP fluorescence photographs of liver sections (200 ⁇ ) of FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice 18 days after in vivo delivery of transposon constructs either expressing shGrhpr or a control shRNA corresponding to C).
  • FIG. 11 F Quantification of GFP-positive cells (corresponding to E)) shows significant increase in GFP positive hepatocytes in case of Mfap4 knockdown compared to control. Each dot represents one animal.
  • FIG. 12 A, 12 B, 12 C, 12 D Grhpr knockdown accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
  • FIG. 12 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that 2 ⁇ 3 of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested at different time points after surgery.
  • FIG. 12 C Quantification of Ki67 positive cells of DAB-stained liver sections (corresponding to B)) show earlier and increased hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy in shGrhpr-expressing livers compared to shNC livers (individual points represent individual animals, data shows average ⁇ SEM).
  • FIG. 12 D Schematic representation of peak shifting of mitotic cycle in case of Grhpr knockdown compare to control shNC (corresponding to C)).
  • FIG. 13 A, 13 B, 13 C, 13 D Grhpr knockdown attenuates chronic liver damage related liver fibrosis
  • FIG. 13 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 13 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible.
  • FIG. 13 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 13 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible.
  • FIG. 13 D The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental groups.
  • FIG. 14 A, 14 B, 14 C, 14 D Grhpr knockdown does not protect against NASH related liver fibrosis
  • FIG. 14 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After full repopulation was reached mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” (high fat diet and 60% fructose) for 24 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 14 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown.
  • FIG. 14 A, 14 B, 14 C, 14 D Grhpr knockdown does not protect against NASH related liver fibrosis
  • FIG. 14 D The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental group.
  • FIG. 15 A, 15 B, 15 C Grhpr expression changes in human NAFLD A) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ⁇ 150 patients shows slight but significant decrease in Grhpr expression in NASH patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Consistent with this we detected a significant reduction in patients with fibrosis 3 and 4 score (* p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 16 A, 16 B, 16 C, 16 D, 16 E, 16 F, 16 G, 16 H Itfg1 knockdown accelerates wound healing and liver repopulation
  • FIG. 16 A Outline of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines.
  • FIG. 16 B Test of knockdown efficiency of top scoring shRNAs targeting Itfg1. qPCR analysis and Western blot analysis show efficient knockdown of Itfg1 by our shRNAs.
  • FIG. 16 C Itfg1 knockdown accelerates wound healing in vitro. Stable cell lines were grown to full confluence, then the silicon gasket was removed leaving a defined cell free area. Filling of this “wound” gap was monitored. Representative images are shown in upper part.
  • FIG. 16 D Outline shows the transposon-based vector for the expression of the enzyme FAH, the marker GFP and the shRNA of interest (upper panel). Lower panel shows FAH knockout mice based liver repopulation assay. Outline shows the rational for the assay.
  • FIG. 16 E GFP imager images.
  • FIG. 16 F Histological analysis (immunostaining against GFP) for GFP-positive cells of mouse livers with stable expression of shltfg1.698, shltfg1.680 and shNC (shown are representative photographs). Day 18 after HDTV injection of 1.25 ⁇ g of the indicated plasmid (200 ⁇ magnification). Increased clonal expansion can be seen for shltfg1.
  • FIG. 16 G Quantification of GFP-positive cells (corresponding to F)) shows significant increase in GFP positive hepatocytes in case of Itfg1 knockdown compared to control. Each dot represents one animal.
  • FIG. 16 H Repopulation survival assay. The right panel shows the outline of the experiments.
  • FIG. 17 A, 17 B, 17 C, 17 D, 17 E Itfg1 knockdown attenuates chronic liver damage related liver fibrosis
  • FIG. 17 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 17 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible.
  • FIG. 17 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 17 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible
  • FIG. 17 D The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental groups.
  • FIG. 17 E Representative macro-photographs of the livers with GFP-imaging system is shown. Livers are all green, hence fully repopulated.
  • FIG. 18 A, 18 B, 18 C, 18 D, 18 E, 18 F, 18 G, 18 H, 18 I ITFG1 expression in human liver tissue; knockdown protects against NASH related fibrosis (see also FIG. 35 A- 35 F ).
  • FIG. 18 A Macroscopic pictures of mice with repopulated liver exposed to Western Diet. shltfg1 indicates liver was repopulated so that every hepatocyte expresses the shRNA targeting Itfg1, whereas shNC indicates repopulation so that every hepatocyte expresses a non-targeting control shRNA. Already macroscopically, livers with Itfg1 knockdown show reduced fibrosis.
  • FIG. 18 A Macroscopic pictures of mice with repopulated liver exposed to Western Diet. shltfg1 indicates liver was repopulated so that every hepatocyte expresses the shRNA targeting Itfg1, whereas shNC indicates repopulation so that every hepatocyte expresses a non-targeting control shRNA.
  • FIG. 18 A Mac
  • FIG. 18 B- 18 D Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ⁇ 150 patients show no significant expression change for Itfg1.
  • FIG. 18 E ITFG1 is expressed in healthy liver tissue and in NASH Cirrhosis.
  • FIG. 18 F Expression of ITFG1 in human tissues is shown. Data is taken from The Human Protein Atlas.
  • FIG. 18 G Low expression of ITFG1 is associated with longer survival in case of liver cancer. Data is taken from The Human Protein Atlas.
  • FIG. 18 H Scheme of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines.
  • FIG. 181 shRNAs efficiently targeting human ITFG1 were identified. Knockdown test by Western blot analysis using whole-cell lysates. HepG2 cells stably expressing the shRNA of interest were generate by retroviral infection and selection. GAPDH serves as a loading control.
  • FIG. 19 A, 19 B, 19 C, 19 D EMULSION +500 in vivo functional genetic screen
  • FIG. 19 A Schematic outline of the screen.
  • FIG. 19 B Representation of fold change for each shRNA passing a p-value of 0.1 from male mice exposed to choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet for 8 weeks. The majority of shRNAs is deplete but a small number is clearly enriched.
  • FIG. 19 C Principal component analysis based on normalized shRNA abundance level. We can see a clear separation based on diet exposure.
  • FIG. 19 D Heatmap based enrichment/depletion for each animal for top-enriched and depleted shRNAs. Based on our analysis we identified 6 high confidence targets.
  • FIG. 20 A, 20 B CDHFD mouse fatty liver model
  • FIG. 20 A Choline deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet (CDHFD) leads to fast and progressive fatty liver disease in mice. Already after 8 weeks of diet exposure mice show NASH with advanced fibrosis.
  • FIG. 20 B Pathological evaluation. Histological slides of liver tissue form C56B16 mice exposed to the indicated time to the CDHFD or normal chow were evaluated and scored by a certified pathologist. Shown are the scoring results for steatosis and fibrosis. Each point represents an animal.
  • FIG. 21 A, 21 B, 21 C, 21 D, 21 E Abcc4 is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD
  • FIG. 21 B Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Abcc4. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice.
  • FIG. 21 C- 21 E Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ⁇ 150 patients show significant increase in Abcc4 gene expression at NASH late fibrosis and cirrhosis stage. Furthermore, an increase expression can be detected based on ballooning and fibrosis stage (Table: grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 22 A, 22 B, 22 C, 22 D, 22 E Pak3 is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD
  • FIG. 22 B Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Pak3. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice.
  • FIG. 22 C- 22 E Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ⁇ 150 patients show significant increase in Pak3 gene expression at NASH cirrhosis stage. Furthermore, an increase expression can be detected based on fibrosis stage (Table: grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 23 A, 23 B, 23 C, 23 D, 23 E Trnp1 is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD
  • FIG. 23 B Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Trnp1. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice.
  • FIG. 23 C- 23 E Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ⁇ 150 patients show significant increase in Trnp1 gene expression at NASH cirrhosis stage.
  • FIG. 24 A, 24 B, 24 C, 24 D, 24 E Apln is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD
  • FIG. 24 B Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Apln. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice.
  • FIG. 24 C- 24 E Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ⁇ 150 patients show significant increase in Apln gene expression at NASH cirrhosis stage.
  • FIG. 25 A, 25 B, 25 C, 25 D, 25 E Kif20a is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD
  • FIG. 25 B Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Kif20a. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice.
  • FIG. 25 A, 25 B, 25 C, 25 D, 25 E Kif20a is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD
  • FIG. 25 B Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Kif20a. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice.
  • FIG. 26 A, 26 B, 26 C, 26 D, 26 E Ltb is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD
  • FIG. 26 B Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Ltb. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice.
  • FIG. 26 A, 26 B, 26 C, 26 D, 26 E Ltb is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD
  • FIG. 26 B Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Ltb. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice.
  • FIG. 27 Layout for NASH disease interception in vivo functional genetic screen
  • FIG. 27 A genome wide in vivo functional genetic screen for disease interception. Nearly 80.000 shRNAs split into 32 sub-pools are screened. ShRNA expresses ion is inducible and only activated after liver shows steatosis but before NASH progression.
  • FIG. 28 A, 28 B, 28 C, 28 D, 28 E Mfap4 knockdown for 1 year does not lead to liver cancer
  • FIG. 28 A Schematic representation of the experiment. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with p/T-FAHIG-shRNA & SB13 expressing constructs via HDTV; then, mice were kept for 1 year to observe any tumor formation or abnormal liver histology.
  • FIG. 28 C GFP-imaging. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver). No GFP-positive tumor is observed. Livers are fully repopulated (strong GFP-positive signal).
  • FIG. 28 A Schematic representation of the experiment. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with p/T-FAHIG-shRNA & SB13 expressing constructs via HDTV; then, mice were kept for 1 year to observe any tumor formation or abnormal liver histology.
  • FIG. 28 D Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. Representative pictures are shown. No malignant disease is observed in both: experimental group and control group. Pathology evaluation is conducted by certified pathologist. The pathologist did not find malignant lesions in the liver.
  • FIG. 28 E GFP (DAB) staining. Representative pictures are shown. Around 95% of hepatocytes are GFP-positive which means livers were fully repopulated.
  • FIG. 29 A, 29 B, 29 C GalNAC conjugates with siRNA against Mfap4 (BNL CL.2 cell line; 72 h post-transfection)
  • FIG. 29 A Structure of GalNAC-siRNA conjugate used in studies. Exact backbone modifications can be found in the sequence appendix (SEQ ID NOs: 7092 and 7093). The target sequence for the siRNA was based on the shRNA guide sequence.
  • FIG. 29 B Western blot analysis with concentration 6 ⁇ M shows efficient knockdown of Mfap4 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Mfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NOs: 7092) and GalNAC-si Mfap4. 760 (SEQ ID NOs: 7093) compared to control.
  • FIG. 29 C Western blot analysis with concentration 11 ⁇ M shows efficient knockdown of Mfap4 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Mfap4.1356 and GalNAC-si Mfap4. 760 compared to control.
  • FIG. 30 A, 30 B, 30 C Grhpr knockdown for 1 year does not lead to liver cancer
  • FIG. 30 A Schematic representation of the experiment.
  • FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with p/T-FAHIG-shRNA & SB13 expressing constructs via HDTV; then, mice were kept for 1 year to observe any tumor formation or abnormal liver histology. Livers were harvested at 1 year after injections.
  • FIG. 30 C GFP-imaging. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver). No GFP-positive tumor is observed. Livers are fully repopulated (strong GFP-positive signal).
  • FIG. 31 A, 31 B, 31 C Grhpr expression in human hepatocytes (HpG2 cell line)
  • FIG. 31 A Scheme of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines.
  • FIG. 31 B shRNAs efficiently targeting human Grhpr were identified. Knockdown test by qPCR using whole-cell lysates. HepG2 cells were cotransfected with pMSCV vector.
  • FIG. 31 C Knockdown test by Western blot using whole-cell lysates. HepG2 cells with stable expression of indicated shRNAs were generated by retroviral infection and selection. Tubulin serves as a loading control.
  • FIG. 32 A, 32 B GalNAC conjugates with siRNA against Grhpr (BNL CL.2 cell line; 72 h post-transfection)
  • FIG. 32 A Structure of GalNAC-siRNA conjugate used in studies. Exact backbone modifications can be found in the sequence appendix (SEQ ID NO: 7094). The target sequence for the siRNA was based on the shRNA guide sequence.
  • FIG. 32 B Western blot analysis with concentration 6 ⁇ M shows efficient knockdown of Grhpr by conjugate GalNAC-si Grhpr.361 (SEQ ID NO: 7094) compared to scrambled control.
  • Western blot analysis with concentration 11 ⁇ M shows efficient knockdown of Grhpr by conjugate GalNAC-si Grhpr.361 compared to scrambled control.
  • FIG. 33 A, 33 B, 33 C Itfg1 knockdown accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH)
  • FIG. 33 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that 2 ⁇ 3 of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested at 42 h and 48 h after surgery.
  • FIG. 33 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that 2 ⁇ 3 of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested at 42 h and 48 h after surgery.
  • FIG. 33 B Representative photographs of DAB Ki67-
  • FIG. 34 A, 34 B, 34 C, 34 D, 34 E, 34 F, 34 G Itfg1 knockdown for 1 year does not lead to liver cancer
  • FIG. 34 A Schematic representation of the experiment. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with p/T-FAHIG-shRNA & SB13 expressing constructs via HDTV; then, mice were kept for 1 year to observe any tumor formation or abnormal liver histology. Livers were harvested at 1 year after injections.
  • FIG. 34 C GFP-imaging. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver). No GFP-positive tumor is observed.
  • FIGS. 34 D and 34 F Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. Representative pictures are shown. No malignant disease is observed in both: experimental group and control group. Pathology evaluation is conducted by certified pathologist.
  • FIGS. 34 E and 34 G GFP (DAB) staining. Representative pictures are shown. Around 95% of hepatocytes are GFP-positive which means livers were fully repopulated.
  • FIG. 35 A, 35 B, 35 C, 35 D, 35 E, 35 F Itfg1 knockdown attenuates chronic liver damage related liver fibrosis in a NASH model
  • FIG. 35 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After full repopulation was reached mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” (high fat diet and 60% fructose) for 24 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 35 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible.
  • FIG. 35 A Experimental outline. FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After full repopulation was reached mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” (high fat diet and 60% fructose) for 24 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed.
  • FIG. 35 B Representative macro-photographs of the livers
  • FIG. 35 D The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental groups.
  • FIG. 35 E Objective, Al-based analysis of steatosis done by HistoIndex. Representative pictures are shown.
  • FIG. 36 A, 36 B, 36 C Knockdown of Itfg1 impacts MKK6, JNK, and RPS6 signaling
  • FIG. 36 A Schematic outline of isolating proteins from full repopulated livers for further broad protein array analysis.
  • FIG. 36 B After performing a broad protein array focused Western blot experiments were done. Results of Western blot are shown here. Proteins from fully repopulated livers were isolated. Especially P-MKK6/P-MKK3 are greater activated in case of Itfg1 knockdown compared to control. There are 3 biological replicates in experiment and 3 biological replicates in control.
  • FIG. 36 C According to STRING database, all indicated proteins are interacting and are linked to cell growth and proliferation.
  • FIG. 37 A, 37 B GalNAC conjugates with siRNA against Itfg1 (BNL CL.2 cell line; 72 h post-transfection)
  • FIG. 37 A Structure of GalNAC-siRNA conjugate used in studies. Exact backbone modifications can be found in the sequence appendix (SEQ ID NOs: 7095 and 7096). The target sequence for the siRNA was based on the shRNA guide sequence.
  • FIG. 37 B Western blot analysis with concentration 6 ⁇ M shows efficient knockdown of Itfg1 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Itfg1.698 (SEQ ID NO: 7095) and GalNAC-si Itfg1.680 (SEQ ID NO: 7096) compared to control.
  • Western blot analysis with concentration 11 ⁇ M shows efficient knockdown of Itfg1 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Itfg1.698 and GalNAC-si Itfg1.680 compared to control.
  • FIG. 38 A, 38 B, 38 C Mfap4 and Itfg1 knockdown enhances proliferation and regeneration beyond liver
  • FIG. 38 A Outline of the wound healing assay. Stable cell lines were generated expressing the respective shRNAs.
  • FIG. 38 B Knockdown of Mfap4 as well as the knockdown of Itfg1 accelerates wound healing of mouse lung cells (cell line CCL206).
  • FIG. 38 C Knockdown of Mfap4 as well as the knockdown of Itfg1 accelerates wound healing of mouse myoblast cells (Myoblast cell line CRL1772).
  • FIG. 39 Pak3 knockdown accelerates wound healing in vitro Stable knockdown of Pak3 in AML12 adult hepatocyte cell line accelerates wound healing (representative images are shown).
  • FIG. 1 A An in vivo functional genetic screen was conducted to identify new modulators of liver regeneration as therapeutic targets to increase endogenous regeneration and counteract liver disease. This approach was originally pioneered by taking advantage of FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice. From there the screening set up was further modified and improved, so it can be applied to any mouse independent of genetic background and modification ( FIG. 1 A ).
  • a focused shRNA library was delivered, comprising of 250 shRNAs targeting 89 genes, by hydrodynamic tail vine injection to the liver. Through the combination with a plasmid encoding for the sleeping beauty 13 transposase, stable integration was obtained in around 5 to 10% of hepatocytes. Therefore, a chimeric mouse liver in which the shRNA expressing hepatocytes are surrounded by “wt” hepatocytes is generated.
  • FIG. 1 A To simulate chronic liver damage the inventors treated 3 times per week for 8 weeks mice with thioacetamid (TAA), a chemical inducing liver damage ( FIG. 1 A ). Cycles of liver damage and compensatory regeneration induce a competitive environment. If the knockdown by a certain shRNA gives an advantage to hepatocytes, the cells will expand and an enrichment for the shRNA can be detected. In contrast, if the expression of a shRNA is detrimental, this shRNA should deplete. No change compared to the starting pool indicates no effect in this environment. The abundance of the shRNAs can be determined by Illumina based deep sequencing. For sequencing, the genomic DNA was isolated from the liver, the shRNA expressing cassette was amplified with primers including Illumina adapter sequences and the product was directly sequenced.
  • TAA thioacetamid
  • Mfap4 Microfibril Associated Protein 4
  • FIG. 2 A For validation, the knockdown efficiency of the two top-enriched shRNAs targeting Mfap4 in vitro were first tested ( FIG. 2 A ). Both shRNAs show efficient knockdown. For each shRNA stable expressing cell lines ( FIG. 2 B ) were generated as well as for a non-targeting control shRNA and the effect of the shRNAs in a wound healing assay was tested. The knockdown of Mfap4 (two independent shRNAs tested) increased wound closure in TIB 73 (BNLCL.2) cells and AML 12 cells, indicating increased proliferation ( FIGS. 2 C and 2 G ). Furthermore, using the stable cell lines the inventors checked for enhanced cell replication by EdU incorporation and determining the cell doubling time ( FIG. 2 D- 2 E ).
  • the inventors then took advantage of the FAH (fumarylacetoacetate) knock out mouse.
  • the defect in the tyrosine metabolism leads to the accumulation of toxic side products in hepatocytes resulting in liver failure.
  • Delivering a construct to around 5-10% of hepatocytes for the expression of the missing enzyme FAH and the shRNAs by hydrodynamic tail vine injection the repopulation efficiency could be tested. If the knockdown by the shRNA targeting Mfap4 enhances regeneration and proliferation, a faster clonal expansion should be seen ( FIG. 3 A ). As expected, knockdown of Mfap4 enhances repopulation detected by GFP-imaging of the whole liver ( FIG. 3 B ), native-GFP fluorescence of cryosections ( FIG.
  • FIG. 3 C of the liver and antibody based staining for GFP in paraffin sections
  • a further dilution of the amount of injected plasmids could reduce the amount of hepatocytes with stable expression of FAH, GFP and the shRNA of interest, so that the FAH expressing hepatocytes cannot fast enough expand and compensate for FAH ⁇ / ⁇ hepatocyte loss.
  • a shRNA dependent acceleration of regeneration might be able to allow survival.
  • At a 1:30 dilution still all shMfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NO: 1) injected mice survive whereas all control shNC injected mice die ( FIG. 3 F ). This further supports the Mfap4 knockdown mediated acceleration, as only in case of Mfap4 the hepatocytes expand fast enough to compensate for hepatocyte loss.
  • the “Western Diet” induces progressive NAFLD, leading to NASH and fibrosis ( FIG. 4 ).
  • the inventors repopulated FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mouse liver so that all hepatocytes express either a shRNA targeting Mfap4 or a non-targeting control shRNA. After full repopulation, the mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” ( FIG. 5 A ). Knockdown of Mfap4 clearly attenuates disease progression, reflected in reduced fibrosis ( FIG. 5 B- 5 F ). Chronic TAA exposure to shMfapp4 and shCTRL repopulated FAH mice ( FIG. 6 A ) was also applied.
  • the inventors also checked for differences in pathway activation by protein arrays and Western blot after full repopulation with either shMfap4 or non-targeting control shRNA. Livers were collected and proteins for protein array and Western blot as well as RNA for transcriptomics were isolated ( FIG. 8 A- 8 H ). Consistently with an enhanced regenerative capacity Mfap4 knockdown induces activation of mTOR, p70S6K, ERK and p38 ( FIGS. 8 B and 8 D ). The identified pathways are all linked ( FIGS. 8 C, 8 E and 8 K ) based on STRING analysis (string-db.org) and impact cell growth and proliferation. P70S6K is a major substrate of mTOR ( FIG.
  • AML12-shMfap4.1356, AML12-shMfap4.760, and AML12-shNC shows cluster separation between experiment (shMfap4) and control (shNC).
  • a heatmap comparison of Mfap4 and control indicates that genes known to be involved in liver regeneration according to the literature, such as Ptgs2, Areg, Dhrs9, Hmox1 and Nqo1, are upregulated after Mfap4 knockdown compared to control ( FIG. 8 H- 8 J ).
  • string analysis shows that the transcriptomic pathways coming from the cell line as well as the proteomic identified pathways from the repopulated liver are connected ( FIG. 8 K ).
  • shRNAs targeting human Mfap4 huMfap4.1812 (SEQ ID NO: 7100) and huMfap4.1602 (SEQ ID NO: 7097). Efficient knockdown in the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 ( FIG. 9 A ) was observed. Furthermore, both shRNAs show a strong on-target knockdown of huMfap4 compared to non-targeting control as determined by qPCR analysis ( FIG. 9 K ) and Western blot ( FIG. 9 L ) in immortalized human hepatocytes-SV40 ( FIG. 91 - 9 J ).
  • Edu incorporation assay indicates a conserved mechanism between mouse and human, as higher EdU incorporation in human HepG2 cells with Mfap4 knockdown was seen ( FIG. 9 B ), transient knockdown of Mfap4 by siRNA in immortalised human hepatocytes shows higher EdU incorporation ( FIG. 9 G- 9 H ), and stable knockdown of Mfap4 in immortalised human hepatocytes enhances wound healing ( FIG. 9 M- 9 N ).
  • Mfap4 is thought to be an extracellular matrix protein but not much is known about its role in hepatocytes. It represents therefore a new target for liver disease therapy, with new biology.
  • the inventors also investigated the development of liver cancer in Mfap4 treated mice.
  • shMfap4 constructs were delivered by HDTV to FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice. After keeping mice for 1 year, livers were harvested to determine any tumor formation in the liver ( FIG. 28 A ). No GFP-positive tumor is observed and livers are fully repopulated as indicated by a strong GFP-positive signal ( FIGS. 28 B- 28 C and 28 E ). Around 95% of hepatocytes are GFP-positive. Also, Hematoxylin & Eosin staining did not reveal any malignant disease in both the shMfap4 and shNC treated group. Certified pathologists who conducted the evaluation did not find malignant lesions in the liver ( FIG. 28 D ). The experiments show that Mfap4 knockdown for 1 year does not lead to liver cancer in mice.
  • Modified siRNA-GalNAC conjugates targeting Mfap4 were generated ( FIG. 29 A ; Table 11; SEQ ID NOs: 7092 and 7093).
  • Human immortalised hepatocytes were treated for 72 h with siRNA and were then exposed for 4 h to EdU, then fixed and analysed.
  • Western blot analysis with shows efficient knockdown of Mfap4 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Mfap4.1356 and GalNAC-si Mfap4.760 compared to scrambled control.
  • the second identified target is an enzyme with hydroxyl-pyruvate reductase, glyoxylate reductase and D-glycerate dehyrdrogenase enzymatic activities.
  • Two shRNAs targeting Grhpr were strongly enriched in the screen ( FIG. 1 A- 1 D ). Validation followed the same way as was described for Mfap4. First, stable cell lines were generated and the knockdown efficiency of the shRNAs was determined ( FIG. 10 A- 10 B ). Both shRNAs show a strong on-target knockdown. The wound healing assay supported a faster healing and faster proliferation under Grhpr knockdown condition ( FIG. 10 C- 10 D ).
  • Grhpr knockdown accelerates liver repopulation under these conditions and all shGrhpr injected mice still survive at a 1:30 dilution whereas all control shNC injected mice die ( FIG. 11 A- 11 G ).
  • the liver was completely repopulated so that every hepatocyte expresses shGrhpr or a non-targeting control shRNA ( FIG. 12 A ).
  • Grhpr knockdown accelerates regeneration indicated by the earlier peak of Ki67 positive cells ( FIG. 12 B- 12 D ).
  • FIG. 30 A Similar to the experimental set up for targeting Mfap4, the development of liver cancer was investigated under Grhpr knockdown conditions ( FIG. 30 A ).
  • FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice were injected with a combination of p?T-FAHIG-shGrhpr and SB13 plasmids for liver repopulation. Initially 5 to 10% of hepatocytes will have stable integration. After NTBC drug withdrawal after injection the liver will be repopulated, so that nearly every hepatocyte will express the shRNA targeting Grhpr. 1 year after injection livers were harvested and evaluated for liver tumor development. No GFP-positive tumor were observed in FAH ⁇ / ⁇ mice, and livers are fully repopulated ( FIG. 30 B- 30 C ), indicating that long term Grhpr knockdown in the liver does not induce liver cancer and is safe
  • FIG. 31 A HepG2 cells with stable expression of shRNAs were generated by retroviral transfection and selection.
  • Grhpr knockdown was determined by qPCR and Western blot using RNA or whole-cell lysates (Tubulin was used as a loading control).
  • FIG. 31 B Several independent shRNAs targeting human Grhpr were identified ( FIG. 31 B) that lead to efficient Grhpr knockdown in the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 ( FIG. 31 C ).
  • Modified siRNA-GalNAC conjugates targeting Grhpr were generated ( FIG. 32 A , Table 11; SEQ ID NO: 7094), following the same way as was described for Mfap4.
  • FIG. 35 A In the mouse Western Diet NAFLD model ( FIG. 35 A ), knockdown of Itfg1 attenuates fibrosis development ( FIG. 35 B- 35 F ), which could already be seen macroscopically ( FIG. 18 A ).
  • the rough surface on the liver of mice expressing a non-targeting control shRNA indicates advanced fibrosis.
  • the surface of shltfg1 expressing livers indicates strong reduction in fibrosis.
  • FIG. 35 E- 35 F In addition objective analysis by HistoIndex with a proprietary AI pathology system, further showed significant reduction in steatosis by Itfg1 knockdown ( FIG. 35 E- 35 F ).
  • the expression data from our NAFLD patient cohort indicates no major expression changes in the liver during disease progression ( FIG.
  • the liver was completely repopulated for 3 months so that every hepatocyte expresses shltfg1 or a non-targeting control shRNA (shNC). Afterwards, 2 ⁇ 3 of the liver was removed and liver regeneration monitored ( FIG. 33 A ). In the acute liver damaging model of 2 ⁇ 3 partial hepatectomy, Itfg1 knockdown accelerates regeneration after partial hepatectomy indicated by an earlier peak and higher amount of Ki67 positive cells ( FIG. 33 B- 33 C ). No malignant disease and no GFP-positive tumor is observed 1 year after Itfg1 knockdown in mice ( FIG. 34 A- 34 E ). Livers are fully repopulated in both the shltfg1 group and control group as indicated by around 95% GFP-positive hepatocytes.
  • Modified siRNA-GalNAC conjugates were generated to target Itfg1 ( FIG. 37 A , Table 11; SEQ ID NOs: 7095 and 7096).
  • Stable cell lines using mouse lung cell line CCL206 and mouse myoblast cell line CRL1722 were generated expressing the respective shRNA—shMfap4, shltfg1 or control shNC ( FIG. 38 A ). Knockdown of Mfap4 as well as the knockdown of Itfg1 accelerates wound healing of mouse lung cells as well as of mouse myoblast cells. These results suggest that Mfap4 and Itfg1 knockdown enhances proliferation and regeneration not only of liver but also of lung and myoblasts.
  • a functional genetic screen using a focused shRNA library containing 1780 shRNAs targeting 467 genes was also conducted. These 467 genes are the mouse homologs corresponding to differentially up-regulated genes found in our NAFLD patient cohort ( FIG. 19 A ).
  • the screen was conducted in two diet-based mouse models of NAFLD, the “Western Diet” (WD) model ( FIG. 4 A- 4 H ) and the Choline deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet (CDHFD) model ( FIGS. 20 A and 20 B ).
  • the CDHFD is a very aggressive and fast model leading to NASH with advanced fibrosis in 8 weeks. In contrast, the WD takes about half a year to reach this stage.
  • the shRNA library was delivered to the liver by hydro-dynamic tail vine injection (HDTV).
  • HDTV hydro-dynamic tail vine injection
  • the combination of transposon-based constructs with a sleeping beauty 13 transposase-expressing plasmid leads to the stable integration in about 5 to 10% of hepatocytes.
  • the respective diet exposure was started until NASH with late fibrosis is reached.
  • the genomic DNA is isolated, part of the shRNA expression cassette is amplified and the abundance sequenced by NGS. Enriched shRNAs are identified, which indicates an advantage by these shRNAs in the context of fatty liver disease.
  • This target is a transporter that mediates the efflux of bile components into the blood.
  • a transporter that mediates the efflux of bile components into the blood.
  • FIG. 21 A- 21 B a transporter that mediates the efflux of bile components into the blood.
  • FIG. 21 C- 21 E the expression of this gene increases during disease progression in the human patient cohort.
  • the expression also significantly increases in relation to the inflammation, fibrosis and ballooning score.
  • This target is a serine-threonine kinase.
  • FIG. 22 A-B SEQ ID NO: 9
  • the expression of PAK3 is significantly upregulated in cirrhosis and fibrosis score 4 NAFLD patients ( FIG. 22 C- 22 E ).
  • Pak 3 was described as a regulator of beta-cell differentiation.
  • Pak3 promotes cell cycle exit and therefore would have an anti-proliferative function. Therefore, this is a highly interesting target for liver disease and regeneration, too, as confirmed by stable knockdown of Pak3 in the AML12 adult hepatocyte cell line, which accelerates wound healing ( FIG. 39 ).
  • TRNP1 TMF1 Regulated Nuclear Protein 1
  • This target is a DNA-binding factor with a crucial role in brain development and accelerates cell-cycle progression. So far, no liver related function is described. In control fed mice, a consistent selection against shTrnp1 expressing cells (low relative reads) was detected. However, 4 out of 5 mice on CDHFD show enrichment for shTrnp1 ( FIG. 23 A- 23 B ; SEQ ID NO: 13).
  • Our human NAFLD patient cohort shows a complicated gene expression pattern of Trnp1 in the liver. In the earlier disease stages, we see a downregulation, but upregulation at the cirrhosis stage ( FIG. 23 C- 23 E ). Consistent with this during steatosis we see a progressive downregulation.
  • This target encodes a peptide that functions as an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled apelin receptor.
  • a strong enrichment for the shRNA targeting Apln compared to the control ( FIG. 24 A- 24 B ; SEQ ID NO: 11) was seen.
  • a significant upregulation at the cirrhosis stage is seen and consistent with this at a fibrotic score of 4 ( FIG. 24 C- 24 E ).
  • Apln promotes hepatic fibrosis through ERK signaling.
  • Apln was described to be different in NAFLD patients and fatty liver rats and suggested as a diagnostic marker.
  • the encoded protein is processed into active peptide fragments, making it difficult to be targeted by classic drug approaches and ideal for RNAi based therapeutics.
  • KIF20A Kinesin Family Member 20A
  • This target encodes a mitotic kinesin required for cytokinesis.
  • a strong enrichment for the shRNA targeting Kif20a compared to the control ( FIG. 25 A- 25 B ; SEQ ID NO: 12) is seen.
  • expression of Kif20a is increasing during disease progression ( FIG. 25 C- 25 E ).
  • high expression of Kif20a is associated with poor survival in case of HCC.
  • Kif20a-knockdown affects cytokinesis leading to higher polyploidy. Higher polyploidy is also seen in many chronic liver diseases.
  • This target encodes a type II membrane protein of the TNF family.
  • a strong enrichment for the shRNA targeting LTB compared to the control is seen ( FIG. 26 A- 26 B ; SEQ ID NO: 10).
  • SEQ ID NO: 10 Based on the NAFLD patient cohort data expression of LTB is consistently increasing during disease progression, except at the cirrhosis stage ( FIG. 26 C- 26 E ).
  • a significant expression increase based on steatosis, inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis score is also seen.
  • LTB was found to regulate liver regeneration, is linked to obesity and animals lacking the lymphotoxin pathway were shown to resist diet-induced obesity.
  • a functional genetic screen targeting the top down-regulated genes based on the NAFLD patient cohort is under the way.
  • a functional genomic screen is on the finishing line.
  • the inventors screen genome wide (32 shRNA pools of around 2500 to 3000 shRNAs in mice) specifically for modulators of NAFLD disease progression, by only inducing shRNA expression after steatosis is reached before progression to NASH ( FIG. 27 ).
  • the siRNA guide strand is identical to the anti-sense strand of the sense-loop-anti-sense RNA structure. This sequence equals the reverse complement sequence of the targeting sequence in the mRNA. The list shows the 21 bp siRNA guide strand. SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 19 were used in the Examples.
  • siRNA guide strands with top-DSIR prediction score and predicted by the genomewide sensor prediction algorithm (SEQ ID NOs: 349-351, 457, 465, 468, 470, 473, 1483, 1485, 1486, 1488-1490, 2209, 2225, 2234, 5061, 5062, 5390-5993, 5967, 5970, 5971, 6977, 6978 and 6993).
  • Pairwise and multiple sequence alignment for the purposes of determining percent identity between two or more amino acid or nucleic acid sequences can be achieved in various ways known to a person of skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as ClustalOmega (Söding, J. 2005, Bioinformatics 21, 951-960), T-coffee (Notredame et al. 2000, J. Mol. Biol. (2000) 302, 205-217), Kalign (Lassmann and Sonnhammer 2005, BMC Bioinformatics, 6(298)) and MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(4) 772-780) software.
  • the default parameters e.g. for gap penalty and extension penalty, are preferably used.

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Abstract

Methods of treating and preventing diseases associated with fibrosis are disclosed, as well as agents for use in such methods. The methods comprise inhibiting at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. In one embodiment, the disease is a liver disease or condition. Also disclosed are methods of promoting regeneration of cells, such as hepatocytes.

Description

  • This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/731,259, filed on 27 Apr. 2022, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/SG2021/050443, filed on 30 Jul. 2021, which claims priority from SG 10202007297P filed 30 Jul. 2020, the contents and elements of which are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes.
  • REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMITTED IN XML FORMAT
  • The Sequence Listing written in file 109046-1326735-SeqListing.xml created on Aug. 29, 2022, 9,219,798 bytes, in accordance with 37 C.F.R. §§ 1.831-1.835, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present disclosure relates generally to the field of regenerative therapy. In particular, the specification teaches a method of stimulating or increasing proliferation and/or regeneration of a cell in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration to stimulate or increase proliferation of the cell in the subject.
  • BACKGROUND
  • The rising incidence of acute and chronic liver failure, which causes more than 1.3 million deaths per year worldwide (World Health Organization, 2018), represents a major global health concern. The main underlying causes of end-stage liver disease are hepatitis virus infections (especially hepatitis B and C), drug- and alcohol-induced liver damage, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; associated with obesity and progressing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)). Asia has an especially high burden of hepatitis virus infections (WHO), and an increased incidence of NAFLD. Despite advances in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis (hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C combination therapies) the number of people with end-stage liver disease is expected to rise, mainly fueled by the obesity epidemic and aging societies.
  • Currently, the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation. However, donor organs are limited, and end-stage liver disease patients may also experience complications that render them unfit for major surgery. Therefore, alternative strategies to hold off or reverse end-stage liver disease are being pursued. These include cell transplantation, artificial liver devices, and enhancing the organ's endogenous regenerative capacity.
  • The liver is the only visceral organ that possesses the remarkable capacity to regenerate. It is known that as little as 25% of the original liver mass can regenerate back to its full size. Adult hepatocytes are long-lived and normally do not undergo cell division (Go). However, upon liver damage, they have the ability to enter the cell cycle and proliferate. Once cell proliferation is completed, the newly divided cells undergo restructuring, and other regeneration-related processes such as angiogenesis and reformation of extracellular matrix to complete the regeneration process.
  • Despite this amazing ability, the regenerative capacity of the liver seems limited, especially under chronic damaging conditions. The ability of the liver to regenerate is central to liver homeostasis. Because the liver is the main site of drug detoxification, it is exposed to many chemicals in the body which may potentially induce cell death and injury. Furthermore, through the enterohepatic circulation, it is exposed to microbiota related metabolites. The liver can regenerate damaged tissue rapidly thereby preventing functional failure. Liver regeneration is also critical for patients with partial removal of the liver due to tumor resection or living-donor transplantation.
  • In the last three decades, scientists have gained a better understanding of the process of liver regeneration. For example, the cytokines IL6 and TNFα prime the hepatocyte to enter the cell cycle and mitogens such as HGF and EGF are important for driving proliferation. However, the process of promoting the regenerative process is not well understood. Importantly, not only liver intrinsic signals are involved in the regenerative response but also signals from distant organs.
  • Many different processes are involved to modify the regenerative response, including nutrients, oxygen level and others. Importantly, the complex liver architecture and especially the interaction with other organs cannot be perfectly simulated in vitro and therefore in vivo experiments are essential. The disadvantage of in vivo models is in their limited potential for high throughput drug discovery pipelines, especially compound screens.
  • Accordingly, there is a need to overcome, or at least to alleviate, one or more of the above-mentioned problems.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention concerns the treatment and/or prevention of disease through inhibition of genes and/or proteins identified to be upregulated in profibrotic processes. Inhibition of such genes/proteins has protective and regenerative effects.
  • The present disclosure provides a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with fibrosis, comprising inhibiting at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Also provided is a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with fibrosis, comprising administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an inhibitor of at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to a subject.
  • Also provided is an inhibitor of at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with fibrosis.
  • Also provided is the use of an inhibitor of at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with fibrosis.
  • In some embodiments, the disease is a liver disease or condition.
  • In some embodiments, the disease or condition is selected from: acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, mild liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALFD), alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis, liver damage, liver injury, liver failure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, end-stage liver disease, inflammation of the liver, lobular inflammation, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is selected from a nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, antigen-binding molecule or small molecule inhibitor. In some embodiments, the inhibitor is capable of binding to a polypeptide according to any one or more of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178, or to a mRNA according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7179 to 7195.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7179 to 7195, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7179 to 7195, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 7155, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 457 to 1482, 7095, 7096, 7109 to 7114, 7130 to 7140, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, and/or 7155, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 457 to 1482, 7095, 7096, 7109 to 7114, 7130 to 7140, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, and/or 7155, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14 to 347, 7092, 7093, 7097 to 7102, 7115 to 7120, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, and/or 7152, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14 to 347, 7092, 7093, 7097 to 7102, 7115 to 7120, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, and/or 7152, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 3 to 5, 348 to 456, 7094, 7103 to 7108, 7121 to 7129, 7143, 7148, and/or 7153, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 3 to 5, 348 to 456, 7094, 7103 to 7108, 7121 to 7129, 7143, 7148, and/or 7153, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1483 to 2208, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1483 to 2208, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ABCC4.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 2209 to 5060, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 2209 to 5060, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of PAK3.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5061 to 5389, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5061 to 5389, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of TRNP1.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5390 to 5966, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5390 to 5966, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of APLN.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5967 to 6974, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5967 to 6974, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of KIF20A.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 6975 to 7091, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 6975 to 7091, and optionally wherein the antisense nucleic acid is capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of LTB.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of one of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 7096 or 7146 to 7150, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to one of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 7096 or 7146 to 7150; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence having the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i), or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i).
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more modified nucleotides selected from: 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, and 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphorothioate.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7146 to 7150; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7151 to 7155.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor comprises a moiety facilitating uptake of the inhibitory nucleic acid by hepatocytes. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid inhibitor is an antisense nucleic acid, siRNA, or shRNA.
  • In some embodiments, the method comprises administering the inhibitor to a subject in which expression and/or activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB is upregulated.
  • Also provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7182, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7182, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 457 to 1482, 7095, 7096, 7109 to 7114, 7130 to 7140, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, and/or 7155, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 457 to 1482, 7095, 7096, 7109 to 7114, 7130 to 7140, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, and/or 7155.
  • Provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7179 or 7180, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7179 or 7180, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14 to 347, 7092, 7093, 7097 to 7102, 7115 to 7120, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, and/or 7152, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 14 to 347, 7092, 7093, 7097 to 7102, 7115 to 7120, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, and/or 7152.
  • Provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7181, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7181, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 3 to 5, 348 to 456, 7094, 7103 to 7108, 7121 to 7129, 7143, 7148, and/or 7153, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 3 to 5, 348 to 456, 7094, 7103 to 7108, 7121 to 7129, 7143, 7148, and/or 7153.
  • Provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of ABCC4, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7183 to 7186, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 7183 to 7186, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1483 to 2208, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 1483 to 2208.
  • Provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of PAK3, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7187 to 7190, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 7187 to 7190, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 2209 to 5060, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 2209 to 5060.
  • Provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of TRNP1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7191, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7191, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5061 to 5389, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5061 to 5389.
  • Provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of APLN, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7192, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7192, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5390 to 5966, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5390 to 5966.
  • Provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of KIF20A, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7193, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7193, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 5967 to 6974, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 5967 to 6974.
  • Provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid for reducing gene and/or protein expression of LTB, wherein the nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid having at least 75% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7194 or 7195, or a portion thereof, or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NO: 7194 or 7195, or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises or encodes antisense nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 6975 to 7091, and/or having at least 75% sequence identity to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NO: 6975 to 7091.
  • Also provided is an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7092 to 7096; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7141 to 7145.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more modified nucleotides selected from: 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, and 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphorothioate.
  • Also provided is inhibitory nucleic acid comprising (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7146 to 7150; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in one of SEQ ID NO: 7151 to 7155.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid further comprises a moiety facilitating uptake of the inhibitory nucleic acid by hepatocytes. In some embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid is an antisense nucleic acid, siRNA or shRNA.
  • The present disclosure also provides a nucleic acid, optionally isolated, encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • The present disclosure also provides an expression vector, comprising a nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • The present disclosure also provides a composition comprising an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, or an expression vector according to the present disclosure, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, excipient or adjuvant.
  • The present disclosure also provides a cell comprising an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, or an expression vector according to the present disclosure.
  • The present disclosure also provides a method of treating or preventing a disease according to the present disclosure, comprising administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an inhibitor, an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, an expression vector, a composition, or a cell according to the present disclosure to a subject.
  • The present disclosure also provides an inhibitor, an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, an expression vector, a composition, or a cell according to the present disclosure for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the inhibitor, inhibitory nucleic acid, nucleic acid, expression vector, composition, or cell is provided for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease, e.g. a disease according to the present disclosure.
  • The present disclosure also provides the use of an inhibitor, an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, an expression vector, a composition, or a cell according to the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease, e.g. a disease according to the present disclosure.
  • Also disclosed is an in vitro or in vivo method for reducing gene and/or protein expression of one or more of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell, comprising introducing an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, or an expression vector according to the present disclosure into a cell.
  • Also disclosed is a method of regenerating liver tissue in vitro or in vivo, the method comprising inhibiting at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell of the tissue.
  • Also disclosed is a method of proliferating/expanding a hepatocyte in vitro or in vivo, the method comprising inhibiting at least one of ITFG1, MFAP4, GRHPR, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in the hepatocyte.
  • In some embodiments, a method disclosed herein comprises introducing an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid, or an expression vector according to the present disclosure into a cell, e.g. a cell of the tissue or a hepatocyte.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of stimulating or increasing proliferation and/or regeneration of a cell in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to stimulate or increase proliferation and/or regeneration of the cell in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of enhancing cell function in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell function in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of enhancing cell viability in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell viability in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of treating a liver condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to treat the liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of protecting a subject from liver damage, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to protect the subject from liver damage.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of detecting a liver condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising detecting in a sample the level of one or more biomarkers associated with organ regeneration, wherein a change in the level of the one or more biomarkers as compared to a reference indicates that the subject is suffering from a liver condition or disease.
  • Disclosed herein is an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for use in preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is the use of an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • The methods disclosed herein may employ any suitable inhibitor. In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitor according to the present disclosure.
  • Disclosed herein is a nucleic acid inhibitor consisting, comprising or encoding an RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 under stringency conditions.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of screening for an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration by: a) contacting the gene or corresponding gene product with a chemical compound library, and b) identifying a chemical compound within the library that is binds to the gene or corresponding gene product to inhibit the expression or function of the gene or corresponding gene product.
  • The invention includes the combination of the aspects and preferred features described except where such a combination is clearly impermissible or expressly avoided.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • The present invention relates to the identification of proteins that are involved in the development of liver disease and/or are detrimental to liver regeneration after injury, and targeting such proteins to treat liver diseases.
  • Without being bound by theory, the inventors have used an unbiased in vivo functional genetic screen to identify new therapeutic targets that are upregulated in liver diseases and conditions associated with fibrosis. Enrichment of target shRNAs indicates that the knockdown/inhibition of these targets gives a survival advantage to hepatocytes under a chronic liver damaging condition. As enrichment indicates a relative expansion to the control, knockdown or inhibition of the identified genes supports hepatocyte expansion, proliferation and robustness. This is therapeutically beneficial for liver disease interception, accelerating liver regeneration, protecting against liver damage, promoting cell proliferation, stopping and reversing liver fibrosis, and increasing survival.
  • Targets
  • The present disclosure relates to inhibition of gene and/or protein expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. Any one or combination of these genes (i.e. any one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or all nine) may be inhibited in the methods provided herein. Any one or combination of these genes may be referred to herein as a target gene(s), target mRNA(s), or target protein(s). One or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be described herein as a “gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration”.
  • MFAP4, GRHPR and ITFG1 are found in recurrent amplifications in hepatocellular carcinoma (Nat Med. 2014 October; 20(10): 1138-1146). ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A and LTB were all found by the present inventors to be dysregulated in a local patient cohort with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) is an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the fibrinogen-related domain (FReD) superfamily. Human MFAP4 is identified by UniProtKB P55083.
  • MFAP4 structure and function is described in e.g. Pilecki B., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 291:1103-1114 (2016), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • MFAP4 is an extracellular glycoprotein found in elastic fibres and is required for proper elastic fibre organisation. It specifically binds tropoelastin and fibrillin-1 and -2, as well as the elastin cross-linking amino acid desmosine, and it co-localizes with fibrillin-1-positive fibres in vivo. Human MFAP4 has been localized to elastic fibres in a variety of elastic tissues, including aorta, skin, and lung.
  • MFAP4 is closely associated with remodelling-related diseases, including liver fibrosis, atherosclerosis, arterial injury stimulated remodelling, and asthma (Wang H B et al., J Am Heart Assoc. 2020; 9(17):e015307). Pan Z et al., FASEB J. 2020, 34(11):14250-14263 reported that MFAP4 deficiency alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of NF-KB and TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways and downregulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. MFAP4 is produced by activated myofibroblasts and may be a predictive biomarker for severity of hepatic fibrosis (Madsen B S et al., Liver Int. 2020; 40(7): 1701-1712; Seekmose S G, et al., PLoS One. 2015; 10(10):e0140418). Example 2 of the present application shows that genes known to be involved in liver regeneration, e.g. Ptgs2, Areg, Dhrs9, Hmox1 and Nqo1, are upregulated after Mfap4 knockdown.
  • Alternative splicing of the mRNA transcribed from the human MFAP4 gene yields two isoforms: isoform 1 (UniProtKB: P55083-1, v2; SEQ ID NO: 7156), and isoform 2 (UniProtKB: P55083-2; SEQ ID NO: 7157) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 1 to 2 of SEQ ID NO: 7156 are replaced with the sequence ‘MGELSPLQRPLATEGTMKAQGVLLKL’.
  • The 255-amino acid sequence of human MFP4 isoform 1 comprises an N-terminal signal peptide at positions 1-21 of SEQ ID NO: 7156 and the mature protein region at positions 22-255 of SEQ ID NO: 7156. Positions 26-28 of SEQ ID NO: 7156 constitute the cell attachment site and positions 32-255 of SEQ ID NO: 7156 constitute the fibrinogen C-terminal domain.
  • In this specification, reference to ‘MFAP4’ encompasses: human MFAP4, isoforms of human MFAP4, homologues of human MFAP4 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof. In some embodiments, MFAP4 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7156.
  • Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is an NADPH/NADH dependent enzyme with hydroxy-pyruvate reductase, glyoxylate reductase and D-glycerate dehydrogenase enzymatic activities. It reduces toxic intermediate glyoxylate to easily-excreted glycolate and reduces hydroxypyruvate into D-glycerate for use in glucose synthesis. Deficiency of GRHPR is the underlying cause of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and leads to increased urinary oxalate levels, formation of kidney stones and renal failure (Cregeen D P et al., Hum Mol Genet. 1999; 8(11):2063-9). Human GRHPR is identified by UniProtKB Q9UBQ7.
  • GRHPR structure and function is described in e.g. Rumsby G. and Cregeen D. P. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1446:383-388 (1999), and Booth et al., J Mol Biol, 2006; 360(1):178-89, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Alternative splicing of the mRNA transcribed from the human GRHPR gene yields two isoforms: isoform 1 (UniProtKB: Q9UBQ7-1, v1; SEQ ID NO: 7158), and isoform 2 (UniProtKB: Q9UBQ7-2; SEQ ID NO: 7159) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 1 to 21 of SEQ ID NO: 7158 are replaced with the sequence ‘MLGGVPTLCGTGNETWTLLAL’, positions 22-164 of SEQ ID NO: 7158 are missing, and positions 246-328 of SEQ ID NO: 7158 are replaced with the sequence ‘YPRATLPSKPGEEPSPLLPSGDFLPRGLLVRPQAELAGFHKPNNQLRNSWEYTRPPYREEEPSEWAWP VCFSAVAPTRRGLAHSSVASGSVPREPLQAHYPPPQRAGLEDLKGPLEAASHTAEPGFVWLWFSDTLNL MLLGGQTLKLTWS’.
  • The 328-amino acid sequence of human GRHPR isoform 1 comprises NADP binding sites at positions 217, 243, 162-164, 185-188 and 295 of SEQ ID NO: 7158, and substrate (glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate) binding sites at positions 83-84, 245, 269, and 293-296 of SEQ ID NO: 7158.
  • In this specification, reference to ‘GRHPR’ encompasses: human GRHPR, isoforms of human GRHPR, homologues of human GRHPR (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof. In some embodiments, GRHPR according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7158.
  • T-cell immunomodulatory protein (ITFG1; also known as Protein TIP, Integrin-alpha FG-GAP repeat-containing protein 1, or Linkin/LNKN-1) is a modulator of T cell function. Human ITFG1 is identified by UniProtKB Q8TB96.
  • ITFG1 structure and function is described in e.g. Fiscella M., et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 21:302-307 (2003), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Treatment of primary human and murine T cells with ITFG1 in vitro resulted in the secretion of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-10, whereas in vivo ITFG1 reportedly has a protective effect in a mouse acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) model. The interaction between ITFG1 and the ATPase RUVBL1 is reported to be required for breast cancer cell invasion and progression (Fan W. et al., Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2017; 1861(7):1788-1800).
  • The 612-amino acid sequence of human ITFG1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7160 (UniprotKB: Q8TB96-1, v1). This sequence comprises: an N-terminal signal peptide at positions 1-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7160, an FG-GAP repeat at positions 258-293 of SEQ ID NO: 7160, and a transmembrane domain at positions 567-587 of SEQ ID NO: 7160.
  • In this specification, reference to ‘ITFG1’ encompasses: human ITFG1, isoforms of human ITFG1, homologues of human ITFG1 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof. In some embodiments, ITFG1 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7160.
  • ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4; also known as multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4)) is an ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that actively extrudes physiological compounds and xenobiotics from cells. It transports a range of endogenous molecules that have a key role in cellular communication and signalling, including cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), bile acids, steroid conjugates, urate, and prostaglandins. It is expressed in several tissues, including hepatocytes, with highest expression in the kidney and choroid plexus (Maher J M, et al., Drug Metab. Dispos., 33 (2005), pp. 947-955). Human ABCC4 is identified by UniProtKB 015439.
  • ABCC4 structure and function is described in e.g. Russel et al., Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008, 29(4):200-7, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. ABCC4 is an inducible gene in the liver following toxic acetaminophen exposure in both humans and rodents. In mice, ABCC4 deficiency is linked to increased risk of liver injury, altered gut epithelial function and altered drug disposition, although protein expression is reportedly increased in human livers with steatosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and diabetic cirrhosis (More V R et al., Drug Metab Dispos. 2013; 41(5): 1148-1155).
  • Alternative splicing of the mRNA transcribed from the human ABCC4 gene yields four isoforms: isoform 1 (UniProtKB: 015439-1, v3; SEQ ID NO: 7161), isoform 2 (015439-2, SEQ ID NO: 7162) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 679-725 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are missing, isoform 3 (015439-3, SEQ ID NO: 7163) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 846-859 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are replaced with the sequence ‘RWDLAVLSWLVSNS’ and positions 860-1325 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are missing, and isoform 4 (015439-4, SEQ ID NO: 7164) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 103-177 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are missing, the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 846-859 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are replaced with the sequence ‘RWDLAVLSWLVSNS’, and the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 860-1325 of SEQ ID NO: 7161 are missing.
  • The 1325-amino acid sequence of human ABCC4 isoform 1 comprises: an ABC transmembrane type-1 1 domain at positions 92-377, an ABC transporter 1 domain at positions 410-633, an ABC transmembrane type-1 2 domain at positions 714-1005, an ABC transporter 2 domain at positions 1041-1274, and ATP binding regions at positions 445-452 and 1075-1082 of SEQ ID NO: 7161.
  • In this specification, reference to ‘ABCC4’ encompasses: human ABCC4, isoforms of human ABCC4, homologues of human ABCC4 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof. In some embodiments, ABCC4 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7161.
  • p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3; also known as Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3, Beta-PAK or Oligophrenin-3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signalling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, or cell cycle regulation. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. It phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. PAK3 is also a core mediator of integrin beta-1 signalling (a critical mediator of HSC activation and progression of fibrotic disease). Human PAK3 is identified by UniProtKB 075914.
  • PAK3 structure and function is described in e.g. Deleris P., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 286:6470-6478 (2011) and Chong C. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276:17347-17353 (2001), which are both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Alternative splicing of the mRNA transcribed from the human PAK3 gene yields four isoforms: isoform 1 (UniProtKB: 075914-1, v2; SEQ ID NO: 7165), isoform 2 (075914-2, SEQ ID NO: 7166) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 93-107 of SEQ ID NO: 7165 are missing, isoform 3 (075914-3, SEQ ID NO: 7167) in which the amino acid at position 92 of SEQ ID NO: 7165 is replaced with the sequence ‘TNSPFQTSRPVTVASSQSEGKM’, and isoform 4 (075914-4, SEQ ID NO: 7168) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 92-107 of SEQ ID NO: 7165 are replaced with the sequence ‘TNSPFQTSRPVTVASSQSEGKM’.
  • The 559-amino acid sequence of human PAK3 isoform 1 comprises: a CRIB domain at positions 70-83 and a protein kinase domain at positions 283-534 of SEQ ID NO: 7165.
  • In this specification, reference to ‘PAK3’ encompasses: human PAK3, isoforms of human PAK3, homologues of human PAK3 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof. In some embodiments, PAK3 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7165.
  • TMF-regulated nuclear protein 1 (TRNP1) is a DNA-binding factor that regulates the expression of a subset of genes and plays a key role in tangential, radial, and lateral expansion of the brain neocortex. Human TRNP1 is identified by UniProtKB Q6NT89.
  • TRNP1 structure and function is described in e.g. Stahl R. et al., Cell 153:535-549 (2013), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • The 227-amino acid sequence of human TRNP1 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7169 (UniprotKB: Q6NT89-1, v2).
  • In this specification, reference to ‘TRNP1’ encompasses: human TRNP1, isoforms of human TRNP1, homologues of human TRNP1 (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof. In some embodiments, TRNP1 according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7169.
  • Apelin (APLN) is a peptide ligand for the G-protein coupled apelin receptor (APLNR). The APLN system plays important and various roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including regulation of blood pressure, cardiac contractility, angiogenesis, metabolic balance, and cell proliferation, apoptosis or inflammation. Apelin is expressed in the heart, endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), brain, kidney, testis, ovary, liver and adipose tissue, with the highest expression levels in the lung and the mammary gland. Human APLN is identified by UniProtKB Q9ULZ1.
  • APLN structure and function is described in e.g. Tatemoto K. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 251:471-476 (1998), and Lee D. K. et al., J. Neurochem. 74:34-41 (2000), which are both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • The 77-amino acid sequence of human APLN is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7170 (UniprotKB: Q9ULZ1-1, v1). SEQ ID NO: 7170 encompasses a signal peptide at positions 1-22 and a propeptide at positions 23-41. SEQ ID NO: 7170 is cleaved into one or more active peptides by proteolytic processing: Apelin-36 (SEQ ID NO: 7171) at positions 42-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7170, Apelin-31 (SEQ ID NO: 7172) at positions 47-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7170, Apelin-28 (SEQ ID NO: 7173) at positions 50-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7170, or Apelin-13 (SEQ ID NO: 7174) at positions 65-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7170.
  • In this specification, reference to ‘APLN’ encompasses: human APLN, isoforms of human APLN, homologues of human APLN (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), proteolytic peptides derived from human APLN, and variants thereof. In some embodiments, APLN according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7170.
  • Kinesin-like protein KIF20A (also known as GG10_2, Mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKIp2), Rab6-interacting kinesin-like protein (RAB6KIFL), Rabkinesin-6) is a mitotic kinesin required for chromosome passenger complex (CPC)-mediated cytokinesis. KIF20A is a target for polo-like kinase 1 (PIk1), and phosphorylated KIF20A binds to the polo box domain of PIk1. Phosphorylation of KIF20A by PIk1 is necessary for the spatial restriction of PIk1 to the central spindle during anaphase and telophase, and the complex of these two proteins is required for cytokinesis. Human KIF20A is identified by UniProtKB 095235.
  • KIF20A structure and function is described in e.g. Neef R. et al., J Cell Biol. 2003; 162(5): 863-75, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Alternative splicing of the mRNA transcribed from the human KIF20A gene yields two isoforms: isoform 1 (UniProtKB: 095235-1, v1; SEQ ID NO: 7175), and isoform 2 (UniProtKB: 095235-2; SEQ ID NO: 7176) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 65-82 of SEQ ID NO: 7175 are missing.
  • The 890-amino acid sequence of human KIF20A isoform 1 comprises: a kinesin motor domain at positions 64-507 and a coiled coil domain at positions 611-762 of SEQ ID NO: 7175.
  • In this specification, reference to ‘KIF20A’ encompasses: human KIF20A, isoforms of human KIF20A, homologues of human KIF20A (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof.
  • In some embodiments, KIF20A according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7175.
  • Lymphotoxin-beta (LTB, also known as Tumor necrosis factor C (TNF-C), Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 3) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the TNF family that binds to receptors LTBR/TNFRSF3. It participates in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses and, along with other LT-related cytokines such as LT-alpha, TNFα and LIGHT (TNFSF14) and their receptors, plays a role in the development and homeostasis of secondary lymphoid organs. Human LTB is identified by UniProtKB Q06643.
  • LTB structure and function is described in e.g. Sudhamsu J., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:19896-19901 (2013); Browning J. L., et al., Cell 72:847-856 (1993), Neville M. J. & Campbell R. D. J. Immunol. 162:4745-4754 (1999); Crowe P. D. et al., Science. 1994; 264(5159):707-10; and Bjordahl R. L. et al., Curr Opin Immunol. 2013, 25(2): 222-229, which are all hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Alternative splicing of the mRNA transcribed from the human LTB gene yields two isoforms: isoform 1 (UniProtKB: Q06643-1, v1; SEQ ID NO: 7177), and isoform 2 (UniProtKB: Q06643-2; SEQ ID NO: 7178) in which the amino acid sequence corresponding to positions 53-77 of SEQ ID NO: 7177 are replaced with the sequence ‘GLGFRSCQRRSQKQISAPGSQLPTS’ and positions 78-244 of SEQ ID NO: 7177 are missing.
  • The 244-amino acid sequence of human LTB isoform 1 comprises: a cytoplasmic domain at positions 1-18, a transmembrane domain at positions 19-48, and an extracellular domain at positions 49-244 of SEQ ID NO: 7177.
  • In this specification, reference to ‘LTB’ encompasses: human LTB, isoforms of human LTB, homologues of human LTB (i.e. encoded by the genome of a non-human animal), and variants thereof. In some embodiments, LTB according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence having at 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7177.
  • As used herein, a “fragment”, “variant” or “homologue” of a protein may optionally be characterised as having at least 60%, preferably one of 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of the reference protein (e.g. a reference isoform). In some embodiments, fragments, variants, isoforms and homologues of a reference protein may be characterised by ability to perform a function performed by the reference protein.
  • A “fragment” generally refers to a fraction of the reference protein. A “variant” generally refers to a protein having an amino acid sequence comprising one or more amino acid substitutions, insertions, deletions or other modifications relative to the amino acid sequence of the reference protein, but retaining a considerable degree of sequence identity (e.g. at least 60%) to the amino acid sequence of the reference protein. An “isoform” generally refers to a variant of the reference protein expressed by the same species as the species of the reference protein. A “homologue” generally refers to a variant of the reference protein produced by a different species as compared to the species of the reference protein. Homologues include orthologues.
  • A “fragment” may be of any length (by number of amino acids), although may optionally be at least 20% of the length of the reference protein (that is, the protein from which the fragment is derived) and may have a maximum length of one of 50%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of the length of the reference protein.
  • In some embodiments, the target gene/protein (i.e. MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB) is a target gene/protein from a mammal (any species in the class Mammalia, e.g. a primate (rhesus, cynomolgous, non-human primate or human) and/or a rodent (e.g. rat or mouse).
  • Isoforms, fragments, variants or homologues of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may optionally be characterised as having at least 70%, preferably one of 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of an immature or mature MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB isoform from a given species, e.g. human.
  • A homologue of a human gene described herein may be from any animal. In some embodiments, a homologue of a human gene described herein may be from a mammal. In some embodiments, the mammal may be a non-human mammal, e.g. a primate (e.g. a non-human primate, e.g. an animal of the genus Macaca (e.g. Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta), e.g. a non-human hominid (e.g. Pan troglodytes)). In some embodiments, the mammal may be a rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse or animal of the order Rodentia, cat, dog, pig, sheep, goat, an animal of the order Bos (e.g. cattle), an animal of the family Equidae (e.g. horse) or donkey.
  • Homologues of a human protein described herein may optionally be characterised as having 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 7156 to 7178. Variants of a human protein described herein may optionally be characterised as having 70% or greater amino acid sequence identity, preferably one of 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 7156 to 7178.
  • Isoforms, fragments, variants or homologues may optionally be functional isoforms, fragments, variants or homologues, e.g. having a functional property/activity of the reference MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, as determined by analysis by a suitable assay for the functional property/activity.
  • Inhibition of Targets
  • The present invention is concerned with inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (i.e. a target gene/protein described herein). That is, the invention is concerned with inhibition of the expression and/or activity of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and the downstream functional consequences thereof.
  • Inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB encompasses decreased/reduced expression (gene and/or protein expression) of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and/or decreased/reduced activity of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, relative to the level of expression/activity observed in the absence of inhibition. “Inhibition” may herein also be referred to as “antagonism”. Any one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or nine of the genes/proteins may be inhibited in the methods according to the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be characterised by one or more of the following (relative to the uninhibited state):
      • Reduce expression (e.g. gene and/or protein expression) of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Reduce the level of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Reduce/prevent transcription of nucleic acid encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Increase degradation of RNA (e.g. mRNA) encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Reduce the level of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein;
      • Reduce/prevent post-transcriptional processing (e.g. splicing, translation, post-translational processing) of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Promote/increase degradation of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein;
      • Reduce/prevent the level of a MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB function; and/or
      • Reduce/prevent interaction between MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and an interaction partner for MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Gene expression can be determined by means well known to the skilled person. The level of RNA encoding one or more of the target proteins can be determined e.g. by techniques such as RT-qPCR, northern blot, etc. By way of illustration, qRT-PCR may be used to determine the level of RNA encoding a target protein.
  • A reduction in the level of RNA encoding a target protein may e.g. be the result of reduced transcription of nucleic acid encoding the target protein, or increased degradation of RNA encoding the target protein.
  • Reduced transcription of nucleic acid encoding a target protein may be a consequence of inhibition of assembly and/or activity of factors required for transcription of the DNA encoding the target protein. Increased degradation of RNA encoding a target protein may be a consequence of increased enzymatic degradation of RNA encoding the target protein, e.g. as a consequence of RNA interference (RNAi), and/or reduced stability of RNA encoding the target protein.
  • Protein expression can be determined by means well known to the skilled person. The level of protein encoding a target protein can be determined e.g. by antibody-based methods including western blot, immunohisto/cytochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA, ELISPOT, or by reporter-based methods.
  • A reduction in the level of a target protein may e.g. be the result of reduced level of RNA encoding the target protein, reduced post-transcriptional processing of RNA encoding the target protein, or increased degradation of the target protein.
  • Reduced post-transcriptional processing of a target protein may be e.g. reduced splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target protein to mature mRNA encoding the target protein, reduced translation of mRNA encoding the target protein, or reduced post-translational processing of the target protein.
  • Reduced splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target protein to mature mRNA encoding the target protein may be a consequence of inhibition of assembly and/or activity of factors required for splicing. Reduced translation of mRNA encoding the target protein may be a consequence of inhibition of assembly and/or activity of factors required for translation. Reduced post-translational processing (e.g. enzymatic processing, folding) of the target protein may be a consequence of inhibition of assembly and/or activity of factors required for post-translational processing of the target protein. Increased degradation of the target protein may be a consequence of increased enzymatic (e.g. protease-mediated) degradation of the target protein.
  • In some embodiments, inhibition of a target gene/protein may be characterised by a reduced level of a function of the target protein. A function of the target protein may be any functional property of the target protein.
  • An interaction partner may be any nucleic acid or protein which interacts with, or jointly contributes to a shared function with, any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for MFAP4 is integrin αvβ3, tropoelastin, fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, desmosine, LOX, MFAP2, FBLN1, FBLN2, MFAP5, EFEMP2, EFEMP1, SFTPD, or elastin.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for GRHPR is glyoxylate, hydroxypyruvate, D-glycerate, AGXT, HYI, GLYCTK, PGP, GLO1, HAO1, HAO2, DAO, NADPH or NADH.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for ITFG1 is RUVBL1, RUVBL2, alpha-tubulin, TIPIN, ATP9A, ASCC2, RFX7, or TM7SF3.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for ABCC4 is ATP, ABCG4, SNX27, ABCA3, ABCE1, MRPS7, SLC22A8, SLCO1B1, NR1H4 or SLC22A6.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for PAK3 is PAK1, CDC42, NCK1, MAPK14, RAC1, PXN, GIT1, GIT2, ARHGEF7 or ARHGEF6.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for TRNP1 is TMF1, FAM18A, CNIH3, SMARCC2, FAM19A3, TBC1D3A, TBC1D3D, ARHGAP11B, or GPR56.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for APLN is APLNR, AGTR1, AGT, CXCR4, CCR5, KNG1, NPY, PDYN, NMU, or POMC.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for KIF20A is MAD2L1, AURKB, RACGAP1, KIF11, PLK1, CDCA8, KIF4A, CENPE, PRC1, or INCENP.
  • In some embodiments, an interaction partner for LTB is LTBR, LTA, TNF, TNFSF14, TNFRSF1B, TNFSF13B, TNFRSF11A, CD40LG, MAP3K14, TNFSF11.
  • Functional properties of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB can be analysed using appropriate assays, e.g. in vitro assays.
  • In some embodiments, MFAP4 inhibition increases expression and/or activation of one or more of Ptgs2, Areg, Dhrs9, Hmox1, Nqo1, P70S6k, p38, mTOR, and/or ERK2. In some embodiments, an inhibitor of MFAP4 activates mTOR, p70S6K, ERK and p38 signalling pathways.
  • Inhibition of interaction between a target protein and an interaction partner for the target protein can be identified e.g. by detection of a reduction in the level of interaction between the target protein and the interaction partner, relative to a control, uninhibited condition. The ability of proteins to interact can be analysed by methods well known to the skilled person, such as co-immunoprecipitation, and resonance energy transfer (RET) assays.
  • Inhibition of target protein function can also be evaluated by analysis of one or more correlates of target protein function. That is, target protein function can be evaluated by analysis of downstream functional consequences of target protein function. For example, inhibition of target protein function can be identified by detection of reduced expression (gene and/or protein expression) and/or activity of one or more proteins whose expression is directly/indirectly upregulated as a consequence of target protein function. Inhibition of target protein function can also be identified by detection of increased expression (gene and/or protein expression) and/or activity of one or more proteins whose expression is directly/indirectly downregulated as a consequence of target protein function.
  • Inhibitors
  • Provided herein are inhibitors that target one or more genes/proteins from the group selected from: MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and LTB.
  • An “inhibitor of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB” refers to any agent capable of inhibiting any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB expression and/or function. Such agents may be effectors of (i.e. may directly or indirectly cause) inhibition of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB as described hereinabove.
  • Agents capable of inhibiting any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be referred to herein as MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB inhibitors. MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB inhibitors may also be referred to herein as antagonists of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB antagonists.
  • “An inhibitor” of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may refer to any agent capable of inhibiting any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB. In addition, “An inhibitor of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB” may refer to two or more agents capable of inhibiting two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine target genes/proteins selected from the group consisting of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and LTB. Multiple inhibitors may be used in the methods of the present disclosure to target two or more of the target genes/proteins.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (i.e. a target protein) may:
      • Reduce/prevent expression (e.g. gene and/or protein expression) of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Reduce the level of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Reduce/prevent transcription of nucleic acid encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Increase degradation of RNA (e.g. mRNA) encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Reduce the level of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein;
      • Reduce/prevent post-transcriptional processing (e.g. splicing, translation, post-translational processing) of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Promote/increase degradation of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein;
      • Reduce/prevent the level of a MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB function; and/or
      • Reduce/prevent interaction between MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and an interaction partner for MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • It will be appreciated that a given inhibitor may display more than one of the properties recited in the preceding paragraph. A given inhibitor may be evaluated for the properties recited in the preceding paragraph using suitable assays. The assays may be e.g. in vitro assays, optionally cell-based assays or cell-free assays. The assays may be e.g. in vivo assays, i.e. performed in non-human animals.
  • Where assays are cell-based assays, they may comprise treating cells with an inhibitor (e.g. a nucleic acid) in order to determine whether the inhibitor displays one or more of the recited properties. Assays may employ species labelled with detectable entities in order to facilitate their detection. Assays may comprise evaluating the recited properties following treatment of cells separately with a range of quantities/concentrations of a given inhibitor (e.g. a dilution series). It will be appreciated that the cells are preferably cells that express the target protein to be inhibited, e.g. liver cells (e.g. HepG2 cells or HuH7 cells).
  • Analysis of the results of such assays may comprise determining the concentration at which 50% of the maximal level of the relevant activity is attained. The concentration of nucleic acid at which 50% of the maximal level of the relevant activity is attained may be referred to as the ‘half-maximal effective concentration’ of the inhibitor in relation to the relevant activity, which may also be referred to as the ‘EC50’. By way of illustration, the EC50 of a given inhibitor (e.g. inhibitory nucleic acid) for increasing degradation of RNA encoding a target protein may be the concentration at which 50% of the maximal level of degradation of RNA encoding a target protein is achieved.
  • Depending on the property, the EC50 may also be referred to as the ‘half-maximal inhibitory concentration’ or ‘IC50’, this being the concentration of inhibitor at which 50% of the maximal level of inhibition of a given property is observed. By way of illustration, the IC50 of a given inhibitor (e.g. inhibitory nucleic acid) for reducing expression of a gene encoding a target protein may be the concentration at which 50% of the maximal level of inhibition of expression of the gene is achieved.
  • Agents capable of reducing/preventing gene expression of any one or more MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. reducing the level of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB; reducing/preventing transcription of nucleic acid encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB; and/or increasing degradation of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB) may be identified using assays comprising detecting the level of RNA encoding the target protein, e.g. by RT-qPCR (a technique well known to the skilled person). The methods may employ primers and/or probes for the detection and/or quantification of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Such assays may comprise introducing (e.g. by transfection) into cells that express the target protein in in vitro culture (i) a putative inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid), or (ii) a control agent (e.g. a control nucleic acid, such as a nucleic acid known not to influence the level of RNA encoding the target protein), and subsequently (e.g. after an appropriate period of time, i.e. a period of time sufficient for a reduction in the level of gene expression of the target protein/transcription of nucleic acid encoding the target protein/level of RNA encoding the target protein or an increase in the level of degradation of RNA encoding the target protein to be observed) measuring the level of RNA encoding the target protein in cells according to (i) and (ii), and (iii) comparing the level of RNA encoding the target protein detected to determine whether the putative inhibitor reduces/prevents gene expression of the target protein, reduces/prevents transcription of nucleic acid encoding the target protein, reduces the level of RNA encoding the target protein, and/or increases degradation of RNA encoding the target protein.
  • Agents capable of reducing protein expression of any one or more MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. reducing the level of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein, increasing degradation of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein) may be identified using assays comprising detecting the level of the target protein, e.g. using antibody/reporter-based methods (western blot, ELISA, immunohisto/cytochemistry, etc.). Such assays may comprise treating cells/tissue with the agent, and subsequently comparing the level of the target protein in such cells/tissue to the level of the target protein in cells/tissue of an appropriate control condition (e.g. untreated/vehicle-treated cells/tissue).
  • The methods may employ antibodies specific for the target protein. Such assays may comprise introducing (e.g. by transfection) into cells that express a target protein in in vitro culture (i) a putative inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid), or (ii) a control agent (e.g. a nucleic acid known not to influence the level of the target protein), and subsequently (e.g. after an appropriate period of time, i.e. a period of time sufficient for a reduction in the level of the target protein to be observed) measuring the level of the target protein in cells according to (i) and (ii), and (iii) comparing the level of the target protein detected to determine whether the putative inhibitor reduces the level of the target protein and/or reduces/prevents translation of mRNA encoding the target protein.
  • Agents capable of reducing the level of a function of any one or more MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. a function of a target protein as described herein) may be identified using assays comprising detecting the level of the relevant function. Such assays may comprise introducing (e.g. by transfection) into cells that express the target protein in in vitro culture (i) a putative inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid), or (ii) a control agent (e.g. a nucleic acid known not to influence target protein function), and subsequently (e.g. after an appropriate period of time, i.e. a period of time sufficient for a reduction in the level of a function of the target protein to be observed) measuring the level of a function of the target protein in cells according to (i) and (ii), and (iii) comparing the level of the function of the target protein detected to determine whether the putative inhibitor reduces the level of a function of the target protein.
  • Reference herein to ‘a function of the target protein’ may refer to any functional property of, and/or activity mediated by, MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein. Agents capable of reducing/preventing normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be identified using assays comprising detecting and/or quantifying the level of RNA (e.g. mature mRNA) encoding one or more isoforms of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. Such assays may comprise quantifying RNA (e.g. mature mRNA) encoding one or more isoforms of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB by RT-qPCR. The methods may employ primers and/or probes for the detection and/or quantification of mature mRNA produced by canonical splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and/or primers and/or probes for the detection and/or quantification of mature mRNA produced by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Mature mRNA produced by canonical splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be mature mRNA encoding the major isoform produced by expression of the gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. The major isoform may be the most commonly produced/detected isoform. For example, mature mRNA produced by canonical splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from human MFAP4 may be mature mRNA encoding human MFAP4 isoform 1 (i.e. having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7156). Mature mRNA produced by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be mature mRNA encoding an isoform other than the major isoform produced by expression of said gene. For example, mature mRNA produced by alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcribed from human MFAP4 may be mature mRNA encoding an isoform of human MFAP4 other than isoform 1 (i.e. having an amino acid sequence non-identical to SEQ ID NO: 7156); e.g. mature mRNA encoding human MFAP4 isoform 2 (i.e. having an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7157).
  • Such assays may comprise introducing (e.g. by transfection) into cells that express MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in in vitro culture (i) a putative inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid), or (ii) a control agent (e.g. a nucleic acid known not to influence splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target gene), and subsequently (e.g. after an appropriate period of time, i.e. a period of time sufficient for an effect on splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target gene to be observed) measuring the level of mature mRNA encoding one or more isoforms of the target gene in cells according to (i) and (ii), and (iii) comparing the level of mature mRNA encoding the isoform(s) to determine whether the putative inhibitor reduces/prevents normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the target gene.
  • Agents capable of reducing interaction between a target protein described herein and an interaction partner for said target protein may be identified using assays comprising detecting the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner, e.g. using antibody/reporter-based methods. The level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner can be analysed e.g. using resonance energy transfer techniques (e.g. FRET, BRET), or methods analysing a correlate of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner. Assays may comprise treating cells/tissue with the agent, and subsequently comparing the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner in such cells/tissue to the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner in cells/tissue of an appropriate control condition (e.g. untreated/vehicle-treated cells/tissue). The level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner can also be analysed e.g. using techniques such as ELISA, surface plasmon resonance or biolayer interferometry analysis. Assays may comprise comparing the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner in the presence of the agent to the level of interaction between the target protein and its interaction partner in an appropriate control condition (e.g. the absence of the agent).
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing expression of a gene encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g. one of ≤0.99 times, ≤0.95 times, ≤0.9 times, ≤0.85 times, ≤0.8 times, ≤0.75 times, ≤0.7 times, ≤0.65 times, ≤0.6 times, ≤0.55 times, ≤0.5 times, ≤0.45 times, ≤0.4 times, ≤0.35 times, ≤0.3 times, ≤0.25 times, ≤0.2 times, ≤0.15 times, ≤0.1 times, ≤0.05 times, or ≤0.01 times the level of expression observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to inhibit expression of the relevant gene, in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing expression of a gene encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g. one of ≤99%, ≤95%, ≤90%, ≤85%, ≤80%, ≤75%, ≤70%, ≤65%, ≤60%, ≤55%, ≤50%, ≤45%, ≤40%, ≤35%, ≤30%, ≤25%, ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤1% of the level of expression observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to inhibit expression of the relevant gene, in a given assay.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of RNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g. one of ≤0.99 times, ≤0.95 times, ≤0.9 times, ≤0.85 times, ≤0.8 times, ≤0.75 times, ≤0.7 times, ≤0.65 times, ≤0.6 times, ≤0.55 times, ≤0.5 times, ≤0.45 times, ≤0.4 times, ≤0.35 times, ≤0.3 times, ≤0.25 times, ≤0.2 times, ≤0.15 times, ≤0.1 times, ≤0.05 times, or ≤0.01 times the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce the level of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of RNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g. one of ≤99%, ≤95%, ≤90%, ≤85%, ≤80%, ≤75%, ≤70%, ≤65%, ≤60%, ≤55%, ≤50%, ≤45%, ≤40%, ≤35%, ≤30%, ≤25%, ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤1% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce the level of RNA encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, in a given assay.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of transcription of nucleic acid encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g. one of ≤0.99 times, ≤0.95 times, ≤0.9 times, ≤0.85 times, ≤0.8 times, ≤0.75 times, ≤0.7 times, ≤0.65 times, ≤0.6 times, ≤0.55 times, ≤0.5 times, ≤0.45 times, ≤0.4 times, ≤0.35 times, ≤0.3 times, ≤0.25 times, ≤0.2 times, ≤0.15 times, ≤0.1 times, ≤0.05 times, or ≤0.01 times the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce transcription of nucleic acid encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of transcription of nucleic acid encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g. one of ≤99%, ≤95%, ≤90%, ≤85%, ≤80%, ≤75%, ≤70%, ≤65%, ≤60%, ≤55%, ≤50%, ≤45%, ≤40%, ≤35%, ≤30%, ≤25%, ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤1% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce transcription of nucleic acid encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, in a given assay.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein to less than 1 times, e.g. one of ≤0.99 times, ≤0.95 times, ≤0.9 times, ≤0.85 times, ≤0.8 times, ≤0.75 times, ≤0.7 times, ≤0.65 times, ≤0.6 times, ≤0.55 times, ≤0.5 times, ≤0.45 times, ≤0.4 times, ≤0.35 times, ≤0.3 times, ≤0.25 times, ≤0.2 times, ≤0.15 times, ≤0.1 times, ≤0.05 times, or ≤0.01 times the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce the level of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein, in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein to less than 100%, e.g. one of ≤99%, ≤95%, ≤90%, ≤85%, ≤80%, ≤75%, ≤70%, ≤65%, ≤60%, ≤55%, ≤50%, ≤45%, ≤40%, ≤35%, ≤30%, ≤25%, ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤1% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce the level of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein, in a given assay.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of a function of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g. one of ≤0.99 times, ≤0.95 times, ≤0.9 times, ≤0.85 times, ≤0.8 times, ≤0.75 times, ≤0.7 times, ≤0.65 times, ≤0.6 times, ≤0.55 times, ≤0.5 times, ≤0.45 times, ≤0.4 times, ≤0.35 times, ≤0.3 times, ≤0.25 times, ≤0.2 times, ≤0.15 times, ≤0.1 times, ≤0.05 times, or ≤0.01 times the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce the level of the function of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of a function of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g. one of ≤99%, ≤95%, ≤90%, ≤85%, ≤80%, ≤75%, ≤70%, ≤65%, ≤60%, ≤55%, ≤50%, ≤45%, ≤40%, ≤35%, ≤30%, ≤25%, ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤1% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce the level of the function of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, in a given assay.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of binding of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to an interaction partner to less than 1 times, e.g. one of ≤0.99 times, ≤0.95 times, ≤0.9 times, ≤0.85 times, ≤0.8 times, ≤0.75 times, ≤0.7 times, ≤0.65 times, ≤0.6 times, ≤0.55 times, ≤0.5 times, ≤0.45 times, ≤0.4 times, ≤0.35 times, ≤0.3 times, ≤0.25 times, ≤0.2 times, ≤0.15 times, ≤0.1 times, ≤0.05 times, or ≤0.01 times the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce the level of binding, in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of binding of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to an interaction partner to less than 100%, e.g. one of ≤99%, ≤95%, ≤90%, ≤85%, ≤80%, ≤75%, ≤70%, ≤65%, ≤60%, ≤55%, ≤50%, ≤45%, ≤40%, ≤35%, ≤30%, ≤25%, ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤1% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce the level of the relevant binding, in a given assay.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g. one of ≤0.99 times, ≤0.95 times, ≤0.9 times, ≤0.85 times, ≤0.8 times, ≤0.75 times, ≤0.7 times, ≤0.65 times, ≤0.6 times, ≤0.55 times, ≤0.5 times, ≤0.45 times, ≤0.4 times, ≤0.35 times, ≤0.3 times, ≤0.25 times, ≤0.2 times, ≤0.15 times, ≤0.1 times, ≤0.05 times, or ≤0.01 times the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the relevant target protein(s), in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing the level of normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g. one of ≤99%, ≤95%, ≤90%, ≤85%, ≤80%, ≤75%, ≤70%, ≤65%, ≤60%, ≤55%, ≤50%, ≤45%, ≤40%, ≤35%, ≤30%, ≤25%, ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤1% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce normal splicing of pre-mRNA encoding the relevant target protein(s), in a given assay.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing translation of mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 1 times, e.g. one of ≤0.99 times, ≤0.95 times, ≤0.9 times, ≤0.85 times, ≤0.8 times, ≤0.75 times, ≤0.7 times, ≤0.65 times, ≤0.6 times, ≤0.55 times, ≤0.5 times, ≤0.45 times, ≤0.4 times, ≤0.35 times, ≤0.3 times, ≤0.25 times, ≤0.2 times, ≤0.15 times, ≤0.1 times, ≤0.05 times, or ≤0.01 times the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce translation of mRNA encoding the relevant target protein(s), in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing translation of mRNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to less than 100%, e.g. one of ≤99%, ≤95%, ≤90%, ≤85%, ≤80%, ≤75%, ≤70%, ≤65%, ≤60%, ≤55%, ≤50%, ≤45%, ≤40%, ≤35%, ≤30%, ≤25%, ≤20%, ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤1% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to reduce translation of mRNA encoding the relevant target protein(s), in a given assay.
  • Preferred levels of reduction in accordance with the preceding eight paragraphs are reduction to less than 0.5 times/≤50%, e.g. one of less than 0.4 times/≤40%, less than 0.3 times/≤30%, less than 0.2 times/≤20%, less than 0.15 times/≤15%, or less than 0.1 times/≤10%.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be capable of increasing degradation of RNA encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to more than 1 times, e.g. one of ≥1.01 times, ≥1.02 times, ≥1.03 times, ≥1.04 times, ≥1.05 times, ≥1.1 times, ≥1.2 times, ≥1.3 times, ≥1.4 times, ≥1.5 times, ≥1.6 times, ≥1.7 times, ≥1.8 times, ≥1.9 times, ≥2 times, ≥3 times, ≥4 times, ≥5 times, ≥6 times, ≥7 times, ≥8 times, ≥9 times or ≥10 times the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to increase degradation of RNA encoding the relevant target protein(s), in a given assay. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure prevents or silences expression of a gene encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure prevents or silences expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB at the protein level. As used herein, expression of a given gene/protein may be considered to be ‘prevented’ or ‘silenced’ where the level of expression is reduced to less than 0.1 times/≤10% of the level observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to be an inhibitor of expression of the relevant gene(s)/protein(s).
  • In preferred embodiments, an inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA) according to the present disclosure inhibits greater than 50%, e.g. one of ≥60%, ≥61%, ≥62%, ≥63%, ≥64%, ≥65%, ≥66%, ≥67%, ≥68%, ≥69%, ≥70%, ≥71%, ≥72%, ≥73%, ≥74%, ≥75%, ≥76%, ≥77%, ≥78%, ≥79%, ≥80%, ≥81%, ≥82%, ≥83%, ≥84%, ≥85%, ≥86%, ≥87%, ≥88%, ≥89%, ≥90%, ≥91%, ≥92%, ≥93%, ≥94%, ≥95%, ≥96%, ≥97%, ≥98%, ≥99% or 100% of the gene and/or protein expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to inhibit gene and/or protein expression of the relevant gene(s)/protein(s), in a given assay.
  • In preferred embodiments, an inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA) according to the present disclosure inhibits greater than 50%, e.g. one of ≥60%, ≥61%, ≥62%, ≥63%, ≥64%, 65%, ≥66%, ≥67%, ≥68%, ≥69%, ≥70%, ≥71%, ≥72%, ≥73%, ≥74%, ≥75%, ≥76%, ≥77%, ≥78%, ≥79%, 80%, ≥81%, ≥82%, ≥83%, ≥84%, ≥85%, ≥86%, ≥87%, ≥88%, ≥89%, ≥90%, ≥91%, ≥92%, ≥93%, ≥94%, ≥95%, ≥96%, ≥97%, ≥98%, ≥99% or 100% of the gene expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. as determined by qRT-PCR) observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to inhibit gene and/or protein expression of the relevant gene(s)/protein(s), in a given assay.
  • In preferred embodiments, an inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA) according to the present disclosure inhibits greater than 50%, e.g. one of ≥60%, ≥61%, ≥62%, ≥63%, ≥64%, ≥65%, ≥66%, ≥67%, ≥68%, ≥69%, ≥70%, ≥71%, ≥72%, ≥73%, ≥74%, ≥75%, ≥76%, ≥77%, ≥78%, ≥79%, ≥80%, ≥81%, ≥82%, ≥83%, ≥84%, ≥85%, ≥86%, ≥87%, ≥88%, ≥89%, ≥90%, ≥91%, ≥92%, ≥93%, ≥94%, ≥95%, ≥96%, ≥97%, ≥98%, ≥99% or 100% of the protein expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. as determined by ELISA) observed in the absence of the inhibitor, or in the presence of the same quantity of a control agent known not to inhibit gene and/or protein expression of the relevant gene(s)/protein(s), in a given assay.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor (e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as an siRNA or shRNA) according to the present disclosure may inhibit gene and/or protein expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB with an IC50 of ≤1 μM, e.g. one of ≤500 nM, ≤100 nM, ≤75 nM, ≤50 nM, ≤40 nM, ≤30 nM, ≤20 nM, ≤15 nM, ≤12.5 nM, ≤10 nM, ≤9 nM, ≤8 nM, ≤7 nM, ≤6 nM, ≤5 nM, ≤4 nM ≤3 nM, ≤2 nM, ≤1 nM, ≤900 pM, ≤800 pM, ≤700 pM, ≤600 pM, ≤500 pM, ≤400 pM, ≤300 pM, ≤200 pM, ≤100 pM, ≤50 pM, ≤40 pM, ≤30 pM, ≤20 pM, ≤10 pM or ≤1 pM.
  • In some embodiments an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may inhibit gene expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. as determined by qRT-PCR) with an IC50 of ≤1 nM, ≤900 pM, ≤800 pM, ≤700 pM, ≤600 pM, ≤500 pM, ≤400 pM, ≤300 pM, ≤200 pM, ≤100 pM, ≤50 pM, ≤40 pM, ≤30 pM, ≤20 pM, ≤10 pM or ≤1 pM.
  • In some embodiments an inhibitor according to the present disclosure may inhibit protein expression of any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. as determined by ELISA) with an IC50 of ≤1 nM, ≤900 pM, ≤800 pM, ≤700 pM, ≤600 pM, ≤500 pM, ≤400 pM, ≤300 pM, ≤200 pM, ≤100 pM, ≤50 pM, ≤40 pM, ≤30 pM, ≤20 pM, ≤10 pM or ≤1 pM.
  • Types of Inhibitors
  • Inhibitors according to the present disclosure may be any kind of agent possessing the appropriate inhibitory activity.
  • The term “inhibitor” as used herein refers to an agent that decreases or inhibits at least one function or biological activity of a target molecule, such as those described herein.
  • An inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be a molecule that is capable of binding to any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB mRNA or protein, a molecule that is capable of binding to an interacting partner of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or a molecule capable of reducing expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In some embodiments an inhibitor is capable of binding to a polypeptide according to any one or more of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178, or a mRNA according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7179 to 7195.
  • In some embodiments an inhibitor targets, e.g. is capable of binding to, a functional domain or region of any one or more of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 22-255, 26-28 or 32-255 of SEQ ID NO: 7156. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising one or more of positions 83-84, 162-164, 185-188, 217, 243, 245, 269, and 293-296 of SEQ ID NO: 7158. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 258-293 of SEQ ID NO: 7160. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 92-377, 410-633, 714-1005, 1041-1274, 445-452, or 1075-1082 of SEQ ID NO: 7161. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 70-83 or 283-534 of SEQ ID NO: 7165. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 64-507 or 611-762 of SEQ ID NO: 7175. In some embodiments an inhibitor targets a region comprising positions 1-18, 19-48, or 49-244 of SEQ ID NO: 7177.
  • In some embodiments an inhibitor is capable of binding to an interacting partner of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, such as those described hereinabove.
  • Such binding molecules can be identified using any suitable assay for detecting binding of a molecule to the relevant factor (i.e. a target gene/protein described herein, or an interaction partner for said protein(s)). Such assays may comprise detecting the formation of a complex between the relevant factor and the molecule.
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is a nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, antigen-binding molecule or small molecule inhibitor.
  • Small molecule inhibitors that bind to the target mRNA/proteins described herein, or their binding partners, can be identified by screening of small molecule libraries. As used herein, a “small molecule” refers to a low molecular weight (<1000 daltons, typically between ˜300-700 daltons) organic compound. Small molecule inhibitors that bind to the target mRNA/proteins described herein can be identified e.g. using a method described in Horswill A R et al., PNAS, 2004,101 (44) 15591-15596, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • An inhibitor of GRHPR may be 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate.
  • An inhibitor of ABCC4 may be Methotrexate, Mercaptopurine, Zidovudine, Dipyridamole, Probenecid, Sulfinpyrazone, Fluorouraci, Rucaparib, Adefovir dipivoxil, Cefazolin, Tyrphostin AG1478, Dantrolene, Glafenine, Nalidixic Acid or Prazosin.
  • An inhibitor of PAK3 may be FRAX597.
  • An inhibitor of APLN may be ML221, an apelin receptor (APJ) antagonist.
  • An inhibitor of KIF20A may be BKS0349 or Paprotrain.
  • Inhibitors provided herein include peptides/polypeptides, e.g. peptide aptamers, thioredoxins, monobodies, anticalin, Kunitz domains, avimers, knottins, fynomers, atrimers, DARPins, affibodies, nanobodies (i.e. single-domain antibodies (sdAbs)) affilins, armadillo repeat proteins (ArmRPs), OBodies and fibronectin—reviewed e.g. in Reverdatto et al., Curr Top Med Chem. 2015; 15(12): 1082-1101, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety (see also e.g. Boersma et al., J Biol Chem (2011) 286:41273-85 and Emanuel et al., Mabs (2011) 3:38-48). Inhibitors include peptides/polypeptides that can be identified by screening of libraries of the relevant peptides/polypeptides. The peptide/polypeptide inhibitors may be referred to as inhibitory peptides/polypeptides.
  • Inhibitory peptides/polypeptides may also include e.g. peptide/polypeptide interaction partners for the target gene/mRNA/protein of interest (i.e. MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB).
  • Peptide/polypeptide interaction partners may be based on an interaction partner for the target gene/mRNA/protein of interest, and may e.g. comprise a fragment of an interaction partner said target(s). Peptide/polypeptide interaction partners may be based on one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and may e.g. comprise a fragment of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB that binds to an interaction partner for said mRNA/protein. Such agents may behave as ‘decoy’ molecules, and preferably display competitive inhibition of interaction between MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and a corresponding interaction partner for MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • An inhibitor of MFAP4 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between MFAP4 and an integrin receptor, integrin αvβ3, tropoelastin, fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, desmosine, LOX, MFAP2, FBLN1, FBLN2, MFAP5, EFEMP2, EFEMP1, SFTPD, or elastin.
  • An inhibitor of GRHPR may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between GRHPR and glyoxylate, hydroxypyruvate, D-glycerate, AGXT, HYI, GLYCTK, PGP, GLO1, HAO1, HAO2, DAO, NADPH or NADH.
  • An inhibitor of ITFG1 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between ITFG1 and RUVBL1, RUVBL2, alpha-tubulin, TIPIN, ATP9A, ASCC2, RFX7, or TM7SF3.
  • An inhibitor of ABCC4 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between ABCC4 and ATP, ABCG4, SNX27, ABCA3, ABCE1, MRPS7, SLC22A8, SLCO1B1, NR1H4 or SLC22A6.
  • An inhibitor of PAK3 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between PAK3 and PAK1, CDC42, NCK1, MAPK14, RAC1, PXN, GIT1, GIT2, ARHGEF7 or ARHGEF6.
  • An inhibitor of TRNP1 may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between TRNP1 and TMF1, FAM18A, CNIH3, SMARCC2, FAM19A3, TBC1D3A, TBC1D3D, ARHGAP11B, or GPR56.
  • An inhibitor of APLN may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between APLN and APLNR, AGTR1, AGT, CXCR4, CCR5, KNG1, NPY, PDYN, NMU, or POMC.
  • An inhibitor of KIF20A may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between KIF20A and MAD2L1, AURKB, RACGAP1, KIF11, PLK1, CDCA8, KIF4A, CENPE, PRC1, or INCENP.
  • An inhibitor of LTB may, for example, be a peptide/polypeptide that is capable of blocking the interaction between LTB and LTBR, LTA, TNF, TNFSF14, TNFRSF1B, TNFSF13B, TNFRSF11A, CD40LG, MAP3K14, TNFSF11.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory peptide/polypeptide may comprise or consist of an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, e.g. one of at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of an interaction partner for one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or the amino acid sequence of a fragment thereof.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory peptide/polypeptide may comprise or consist of an amino acid sequence having at least 60%, e.g. one of at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or the amino acid sequence of a fragment thereof. In such embodiments it will be appreciated that the inhibitory peptide/polypeptide will lack normal activity and/or have reduced activity compared to the wildtype version of the protein. For example, in some embodiments an inhibitory peptide/polypeptide may be a variant (e.g. mutant) version of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB having reduced function relative to wildtype MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Inhibitory peptides/polypeptides include aptamers. Nucleic acid aptamers are reviewed e.g. in Zhou and Rossi Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017 16(3):181-202, and may be identified and/or produced by the method of Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX), or by developing SOMAmers (slow off-rate modified aptamers) (Gold L et al. (2010) PLoS ONE 5(12):e15004). Aptamers and SELEX are described in Tuerk and Gold, Science (1990) 249(4968):505-10, and in WO 91/19813. Nucleic acid aptamers may comprise DNA and/or RNA, and may be single stranded or double stranded. They may comprise chemically modified nucleic acids, for example in which the sugar and/or phosphate and/or base is chemically modified. Such modifications may improve the stability of the aptamer or make the aptamer more resistant to degradation and may include modification at the 2′ position of ribose. Nucleic acid aptamers may be chemically synthesised, e.g. on a solid support. Solid phase synthesis may use phosphoramidite chemistry. Briefly, a solid supported nucleotide is detritylated, then coupled with a suitably activated nucleoside phosphoramidite to form a phosphite triester linkage. Capping may then occur, followed by oxidation of the phosphite triester with an oxidant, typically iodine. The cycle may then be repeated to assemble the aptamer (e.g., see Sinha, N. D.; Biernat, J.; McManus, J.; Köster, H. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984, 12, 4539; and Beaucage, S. L.; Lyer, R. P. (1992). Tetrahedron 48 (12): 2223). Peptide aptamers and methods for their generation and identification are reviewed in Reverdatto et al., Curr Top Med Chem. (2015) 15(12):1082-101, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Inhibitory peptides/polypeptides also include antibodies (immunoglobulins) such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, monospecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and fragments and derivatives thereof (e.g. Fv, scFv, Fab, scFab, F(ab′)2, Fab2, diabodies, triabodies, scFv-Fc, minibodies, single domain antibodies (e.g. VhH), etc.).
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor described herein is an antibody that is capable of binding to one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • An inhibitor of MFAP4 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-42013 (ThermoFisher) or ab169757 (abcam). An inhibitor of GRHPR may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-54652 (ThermoFisher) or ab155604 (abcam). An inhibitor of ITFG1 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-54067 (ThermoFisher) or TA339563 (ORIGENE). An inhibitor of ABCC4 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-82019 (ThermoFisher) or ab15602 (abcam). An inhibitor of PAK3 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-79781 (ThermoFisher) or ab40808 (abcam). An inhibitor of TRNP1 may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-71277 (ThermoFisher) or ab174303 (abcam). An inhibitor of APLN may be an APLN-blocking antibody. An inhibitor of APLN may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-114860 (ThermoFisher) or ab125213 (abcam). An inhibitor of KIF20A may be an antibody with catalog number PA5-38648 (ThermoFisher). An inhibitor of LTB may be an antibody (e.g. a recombinant Mouse Anti-LTA and LTB Antibody (CBL543)).
  • Inhibitors/inhibitory molecules that bind to any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, or that bind to an interacting partner thereof, may display specific binding to the relevant factor (i.e. the relevant mRNA/protein, or the interaction partner for said mRNA/protein). As used herein, “specific binding” refers to binding which is selective, and which can be discriminated from non-specific binding to non-target molecules.
  • An inhibitor or binding molecule that specifically binds to any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB preferably binds to any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB with greater affinity, and/or with greater duration than it binds to other, non-target molecules. Such binding molecules may be described as being “specific for” any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. An inhibitor or binding molecule that specifically binds to an interaction partner for any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB preferably binds to the interaction partner for any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB with greater affinity, and/or with greater duration than it binds to other, non-target molecules; such binding molecules may be described as being “specific for” the interaction partner for any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In some embodiments an inhibitor/binding molecule described herein inhibits the ability of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to bind to a corresponding interaction partner (i.e. an interaction partner for MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB, respectively). In some embodiments the inhibitor/binding molecule behaves as a competitive inhibitor of interaction between any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and a corresponding interaction partner. The binding molecule may occupy, or otherwise reduce access to, a region of the protein required for binding to a corresponding interaction partner, or may occupy, or otherwise reduce access to, a region of an interaction partner required for binding to the corresponding protein.
  • The ability of an inhibitor, e.g. a binding molecule, to inhibit interaction between a protein of interest and a corresponding interaction partner can be evaluated e.g. by analysis of interaction in the presence of, or following incubation of one or both of the interaction partners with, the inhibitor. An example of a suitable assay to determine whether a given binding agent is capable of inhibiting interaction between a protein of interest and a corresponding interaction partner is a competition ELISA.
  • An inhibitor described herein may be a molecule capable of reducing expression of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. A “molecule capable of reducing expression of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB” refers to a molecule which is capable of reducing gene, mRNA and/or protein expression of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. In some embodiments the molecule reduces or prevents the expression of a polypeptide according to SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178. In some embodiments the molecule reduces or prevents the expression of a polypeptide from a sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 7179 to 7195.
  • Repression of expression of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB or an isoform thereof will preferably result in a decrease in the quantity of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB expressed by a cell/tissue/organ/organ system/subject. For example, in a given cell the repression of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB by administration of a suitable nucleic acid will result in a decrease in the level of expression relative to an untreated cell. Repression may be partial. Preferred degrees of repression are at least 50%, more preferably one of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 85% or 90%. A level of repression between 90% and 100% is considered a ‘silencing’ of expression or function. Gene and protein expression may be determined as described herein or by methods in the art that are well known to a skilled person.
  • In some embodiments, inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may comprise modification of a cell(s) to reduce or prevent expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying nucleic acid encoding one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. The modification causes the cell to have a reduced level of gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB as compared to an unmodified cell.
  • In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may comprise modifying a gene encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises introducing an insertion, substitution or deletion into a nucleic acid sequence encoding MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises introducing a modification which reduces or prevents the expression of a polypeptide according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178 from the modified nucleic acid sequence. In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying a cell to comprise an allele of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB which does not encode an amino acid sequence according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178. In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying a cell to lack nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide according to any one of SEQ ID NO: 7156 to 7178.
  • In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying the relevant gene(s) to introduce a premature stop codon in the sequence transcribed from said gene(s). In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying the relevant gene(s) to encode a truncated and/or non-functional polypeptide(s). In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB comprises modifying the relevant gene(s) to encode polypeptide(s) which is/are misfolded and/or degraded.
  • Methods for modifying nucleic acids encoding proteins of interest and agents for achieving the same are well known in the art, and include e.g. including modification of the target nucleic acid by homologous recombination, and target nucleic acid editing using site-specific nucleases (SSNs).
  • Suitable methods may employ targeting by homologous recombination, which is reviewed, for example, in Mortensen Curr Protoc Neurosci. (2007) Chapter 4:Unit 4.29 and Vasquez et al., PNAS 2001, 98(15): 8403-8410, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Targeting by homologous recombination involves the exchange of nucleic acid sequence through crossover events guided by homologous sequences.
  • In some embodiments the methods employ target nucleic acid editing using SSNs. Gene editing using SSNs is reviewed e.g. in Eid and Mahfouz, Exp Mol Med. 2016 October; 48(10): e265, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Enzymes capable of creating site-specific double strand breaks (DSBs) can be engineered to introduce DSBs to target nucleic acid sequence(s) of interest. DSBs may be repaired by either error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), in which the two ends of the break are rejoined, often with insertion or deletion of nucleotides. Alternatively DSBs may be repaired by highly homology-directed repair (HDR), in which a DNA template with ends homologous to the break site is supplied and introduced at the site of the DSB.
  • SSNs capable of being engineered to generate target nucleic acid sequence-specific DSBs include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated-9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems.
  • ZFN systems are reviewed e.g. in Umov et al., Nat Rev Genet. (2010) 11(9):636-46, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. ZFNs comprise a programmable Zinc Finger DNA-binding domain and a DNA-cleaving domain (e.g. a FokI endonuclease domain). The DNA-binding domain may be identified by screening a Zinc Finger array capable of binding to the target nucleic acid sequence.
  • TALEN systems are reviewed e.g. in Mahfouz et al., Plant Biotechnol J. (2014) 12(8):1006-14, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. TALENs comprise a programmable DNA-binding TALE domain and a DNA-cleaving domain (e.g. a FokI endonuclease domain). TALEs comprise repeat domains consisting of repeats of 33-39 amino acids, which are identical except for two residues at positions 12 and 13 of each repeat which are repeat variable di-residues (RVDs). Each RVD determines binding of the repeat to a nucleotide in the target DNA sequence according to the following relationship: ‘HD’ binds to C, ‘NI’ binds to A, ‘NG’ binds to T and ‘NN’ or ‘NK’ binds to G (Moscou and Bogdanove, Science (2009) 326(5959):1501.).
  • CRISPR/Cas9 and related systems e.g. CRISPR/Cpf1, CRISPR/C2c1, CRISPR/C2c2 and CRISPR/C2c3 are reviewed e.g. in Nakade et al., Bioengineered (2017) 8(3):265-273, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. These systems comprise an endonuclease (e.g. Cas9, Cpf1 etc.) and the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) molecule. The sgRNA can be engineered to target endonuclease activity to nucleic acid sequences of interest.
  • In some embodiments, inhibition of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB employs a site-specific nuclease (SSN) system targeting the relevant nucleic acid sequence(s). Accordingly in some embodiments the inhibitor comprises or consists of an SSN system targeting nucleic acid(s) encoding one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. In some embodiments inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB employs nucleic acid(s) encoding a SSN system targeting the relevant nucleic acid sequence(s).
  • In some embodiments, the SSN system targets a region of the nucleic acid encoding a domain of a MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein required for protein function, e.g. a domain as described herein.
  • In some embodiments the SSN system is a ZFN system, a TALEN system, CRISPR/Cas9 system, a CRISPR/Cpf1 system, a CRISPR/C2c1 system, a CRISPR/C2c2 system or a CRISPR/C2c3 system.
  • In some embodiments the SSN system is a CRISPR/Cas9 system. In such embodiments, the inhibition may employ nucleic acid(s) encoding a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) targeting nucleic acid encoding one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) for processing the crRNA to its mature form.
  • Nucleic Acid Inhibitors
  • In some embodiments, the inhibitor is a nucleic acid inhibitor. A nucleic acid inhibitor may also be described herein as an inhibitory nucleic acid.
  • Nucleic acid inhibitors according to the present disclosure may comprise or consist of DNA and/or RNA. Nucleic acid inhibitors may be single-stranded (e.g. in the case of antisense oligonucleotides (e.g. gapmers)). Nucleic acid inhibitors may be double-stranded or may comprise double-stranded region(s) (e.g. in the case of siRNA, shRNA, etc.). Inhibitory nucleic acids may comprise both double-stranded and single-stranded regions (e.g. in the case of shRNA and pre-miRNA molecules, which are double-stranded in the stem region of the hairpin structure, and single-stranded in the loop region of the hairpin structure).
  • In some embodiments, a nucleic acid inhibitor according to the present disclosure may be an antisense nucleic acid as described herein. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid inhibitor may comprise an antisense nucleic acid as described herein. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid inhibitor may encode an antisense nucleic acid as described herein.
  • As used herein, an ‘antisense nucleic acid’ refers to a nucleic acid (e.g. DNA or RNA) that is complementary to at least a portion of a target nucleotide sequence (e.g. of RNA encoding a target gene described herein). Antisense nucleic acids according to the present disclosure are preferably single-stranded nucleic acids, and bind via complementary Watson-Crick base-pairing to a target nucleotide sequence. Complementary base-pairing may involve hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs. Antisense nucleic acids may be provided as single-stranded molecules, as for example in the case of antisense oligonucleotides, or may be comprised in double-stranded molecular species, as for example in the case of siRNA, shRNA and pre-miRNA molecules.
  • Complementary base-pairing between the antisense nucleic acid and its target nucleotide sequence may be complete. In such embodiments the antisense nucleic acid comprises, or consists of, the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence, and complementary base-pairing occurs between each nucleotide of the target nucleotide sequence and complementary nucleotides in the antisense nucleic acid. Alternatively, complementary base-pairing between the antisense nucleic acid and its target nucleotide sequence may be incomplete/partial. In such embodiments complementary base-pairing occurs between some, but not all, nucleotides of the target nucleotide sequence and complementary nucleotides in the antisense nucleic acid.
  • Such binding between nucleic acids through complementary base pairing may be referred to as ‘hybridisation’. Through binding to its target nucleotide sequence, an antisense nucleic acid may form a nucleic acid complex comprising (i) the antisense nucleic acid and (ii) a target nucleic acid comprising the target nucleotide sequence.
  • The nucleotide sequence of an antisense nucleic acid is sufficiently complementary to its target nucleotide sequence such that it binds or hybridises to the target nucleotide sequence. It will be appreciated that an antisense nucleic acid preferably has a high degree of sequence identity to the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence.
  • In some embodiments, an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: a nucleotide sequence which is the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence, or a nucleotide sequence comprising 1 to 10 (e.g. one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) substitutions relative to the reverse complement of its target nucleotide sequence.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises, or consists of, 5 to 100 nucleotides, e.g. one of 10 to 80, 12 to 50, or 15 to 30 nucleotides (e.g. 20 to 27, e.g. ˜21 to 23). In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of DNA and/or RNA. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises or consists of RNA.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents transcription of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents association of factors required for normal transcription (e.g. enhancers, RNA polymerase) with nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid increases/potentiates degradation of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence, e.g. through RNA interference. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents translation of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence, e.g. through RNA interference or antisense degradation via RNase H.
  • RNA interference is described e.g. in Agrawal et al., Microbiol. Mol. Bio. Rev. (2003) 67(4): 657-685 and Hu et al., Sig. Transduc. Tar. Ther. (2020) 5(101), both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Briefly, double-stranded RNA molecules are recognised by the argonaute component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The double-stranded RNAs are separated into single strands and integrated into an active RISC, by the RISC-Loading Complex (RLC). The RISC-integrated strands bind to their target RNA through complementary base pairing, and depending on the identity of the RISC-integrated RNA and degree of complementarity to the target RNA, the RISC then either cleaves the target RNA resulting in its degradation, or otherwise blocks access of ribosomes thereby preventing its translation. RNAi based therapeutics have been approved for a number of indications (Kim, Chonnam Med J. (2020) 56(2): 87-93).
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents normal post-transcriptional processing (e.g. splicing and/or translation) of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces or alters splicing of pre-mRNA comprising its target nucleotide sequence to mature mRNA. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces translation of mRNA comprising its target nucleotide sequence to protein.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents association of factors required for normal post-transcriptional processing (e.g. components of the spliceosome) with nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence. In such instances, the antisense nucleic may be referred to as a ‘splice-switching’ nucleic acid.
  • Splice-switching nucleic acids are reviewed e.g. in Haves and Hastings, Nucleic Acids Res. (2016) 44(14): 6549-6563, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Splice-switching nucleic acids include e.g. splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs). They disrupt the normal splicing of target RNA transcripts by blocking the RNA:RNA base-pairing and/or protein:RNA binding interactions that occur between components of the splicing machinery and pre-mRNA. Splice-switching nucleic acids may be employed to alter the number/proportion of mature mRNA transcripts encoding a protein described herein. Splice-switching nucleic acids may be designed to target a specific region of the target transcript, e.g. to effect skipping of exon(s) of interest, e.g. exons encoding domains/regions of interest. SSOs often comprise alterations to oligonucleotide sugar-phosphate backbones in order to reduce/prevent RNAse H degradation, such as e.g. phosphorothioate linkages, phosphorodiamidate linkages such as phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMOs), and may comprise e.g. peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), locked nucleic acids (LNAs), methoxyethyl nucleotide modifications, e.g. 2′O-methyl (2′OMe) and 2′-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) ribose modifications and/or 5′-methylcytosine modifications.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid inhibits/reduces translation of nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid reduces/prevents association of factors required for translation (e.g. ribosomes) with nucleic acid comprising its target nucleotide sequence.
  • As used herein, “target sequence” refers to a contiguous portion of the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule formed during the transcription of a gene (e.g. a gene associated with organ regeneration), including mRNA that is a product of RNA processing of a primary transcription product.
  • It will be appreciated that the target nucleotide sequence to which an antisense nucleic acid binds is a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein which it is desired to inhibit expression of. Accordingly, in aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure, the target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid is a nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding any one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of RNA encoded by a gene encoding any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of RNA encoding any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence comprises one or more nucleotides of an exon of RNA encoding any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of an exon of RNA encoding any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence provided in Table 14.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001198695.2 (GI: 1677501926, version 2), which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human MFAP4 transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7179), or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_002404.3 (GI: 1677501522, version 3), which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human MFAP4 transcript variant 2 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7180), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_012203.2 (GI: 1519473711, version 2) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human GRHPR transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7181), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_030790.5 (GI: 1653961895, version 5) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ITFG1 transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7182), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_005845.5 (GI: 1813751621, version 5) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ABCC4 transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7183), or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001105515.3 (GI: 1677498821, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ABCC4 transcript variant 2 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7184), or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001301829.2 (GI: 1677530022, version 2) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ABCC4 transcript variant 3 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7185), or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001301830.2 (GI: 1677498275, version 2) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human ABCC4 transcript variant 4 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7186), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001128166.3 (GI: 1889680926, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human PAK3 transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7187), or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_002578.5 (GI: 1519316149, version 5) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human PAK3 transcript variant 2 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7188), or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001128167.3 (GI: 1890283404, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human PAK3 transcript variant 3 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7189), or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001128168.3 (GI: 1676441496, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human PAK3 transcript variant 4 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7190), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_001013642.3 (GI: 1519242294, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human TRNP1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7191), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_017413.5 (GI: 1519315208, version 5) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human APLN mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7192), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_005733.3 (GI: 1519313609, version 3) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human KIF20A transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7193), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_002341.2 (GI: 1720810086, version 2) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human LTB transcript variant 1 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7194), or a portion thereof. In some embodiments, the target nucleotide sequence is a nucleotide sequence of NM_009588.1 (GI: 6996015, version 1) which is the NCBI Reference Sequence for human LTB transcript variant 2 mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 7195), or a portion thereof.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7179 to 7195, or a portion thereof, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the portion of the reference sequence.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7179 to 7195, or a portion thereof, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the portion of the reference sequence.
  • In some embodiments the antisense nucleic acid and/or the portion of the reference sequence is 5 to 50, 5 to 40, 8 to 30, 8 to 25, 10 to 25, 15 to 25, or 19 to 22 nucleotides in length. Antisense nucleic acids described herein may comprise thymine or uracil residues. Where antisense nucleic acids described herein are defined by reference to sequence identity with a reference sequence, the nucleic acids may comprise uracil residues in place of any thymine residues in the reference sequence, or vice versa.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to a sequence, or to the reverse complement of a sequence, in any one or more of Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and/or 13, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence from a Table.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155, or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or the length of the reference sequence.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 7114 or 7141 to 7155, or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 7114 or 7141 to 7155, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or the length of the reference sequence.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 13, or to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 13, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7115 to 7140, or to the reverse complement of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7115 to 7140, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 347, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 14 to 347, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. human MFAP4.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 15, 19 or 25, and/or to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 15, 19, or 25, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. human MFAP4.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NOs: 7092, 7093, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, 7152 and/or 7097 to 7102, and/or to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NOs: 7092, 7093, 7141, 7142, 7146, 7147, 7151, 7152 and/or 7097 to 7102, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. human MFAP4.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NOs: 7097 or 7100, and/or to the reverse complement of SEQ ID NOs: 7097 or 7100, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. human MFAP4.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7115 to 7120, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7115 to 7120, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4, e.g. mouse MFAP4.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 348 to 456, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 348 to 456, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, e.g. human GRHPR.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4, 5, 349, 350 and/or 351, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4, 5, 349, 350, and/or 351, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, e.g. human GRHPR.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7094, 7143, 7148, 7153 and/or 7103 to 7108, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7094, 7143, 7148, 7153 and/or 7103 to 7108, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, e.g. human GRHPR.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7121 to 7129, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7121 to 7129, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of GRHPR, e.g. mouse GRHPR.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 457 to 1482, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 457 to 1482, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, e.g. human ITFG1.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 457, 465, 468, 470, and/or 473, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 457, 465, 468, 470, and/or 473, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, e.g. human ITFG1.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7095, 7096, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, 7155, and/or 7109 to 7114, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7095, 7096, 7144, 7145, 7149, 7150, 7154, 7155, and/or 7109 to 7114, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, e.g. human ITFG1.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7130 to 7140, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7130 to 7140, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ITFG1, e.g. mouse ITFG1.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1483 to 2208, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1483 to 2208, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ABCC4, e.g. human ABCC4.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1483, 1485, 1486, 1488, 1489 and/or 1490, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1483, 1485, 1486, 1488, 1489 and/or 1490, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of ABCC4, e.g. human ABCC4.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 2209 to 5060, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 2209 to 5060, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of PAK3, e.g. human PAK3.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 2209, 2225 and/or 2234, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 2209, 2225 and/or 2234 e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of PAK3, e.g. human PAK3.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5061 to 5389, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5061 to 5389, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of TRNP1, e.g. human TRNP1.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5061 and/or 5062, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5061 and/or 5062 e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of TRNP1, e.g. human TRNP1.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5390 to 5966, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5390 to 5966, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of APLN, e.g. human APLN.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5390, 5391, 5392 and/or 5393, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5390, 5391, 5392 and/or 5393, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of APLN, e.g. human APLN.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5967 to 6974, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5967 to 6974, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of KIF20A, e.g. human KIF20A.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5967, 5970 and/or 5971, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 5967, 5970 and/or 5971, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of KIF20A, e.g. human KIF20A.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6975 to 7091, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6975 to 7091, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of LTB, e.g. human LTB.
  • In some embodiments, the antisense nucleic acid comprises or consists of a sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6977, 6978 and/or 6993, and/or to the reverse complement of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 6977, 6978 and/or 6993, e.g. calculated over the length of the antisense nucleic acid or over the length of the reference sequence. The antisense nucleic acid may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of LTB, e.g. human LTB.
  • The antisense nucleic acid may comprise or consist of a sequence that hybridises to a sequence listed in any of Tables 1 to 14, or a sequence that hybridises to the complement of a sequence listed in any of Tables 1 to 14.
  • In some embodiments, a nucleic acid inhibitor is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). ASOs are single-stranded nucleic acid molecules comprising or consisting of an antisense nucleic acid to a target nucleotide sequence. An antisense oligonucleotide according to the present disclosure may comprise or consist of an antisense nucleic acid as described herein.
  • ASOs can modify expression of RNA molecules comprising their target nucleotide sequence by altering splicing, or by recruiting RNase H to degrade RNA comprising the target nucleotide sequence. RNase H recognises nucleic acid complex molecules formed when the ASO binds to RNA comprising its target nucleotide sequence. ASOs according to the present disclosure may comprise or consist of an antisense nucleic acid according to the present disclosure. ASOs may comprise 10 to 40 (e.g. 17 to 30, 20 to 27, 21 to 23) nucleotides in length. Many ASOs are designed as chimeras, comprising a mix of bases with different chemistries, or as gapmers, comprising a central DNA portion surrounded by ‘wings’ of modified nucleotides. ASOs are described in e.g. Scoles et al., Neurol Genet. 2019 April; 5(2): e323. ASOs sometimes comprise alterations to the sugar-phosphate backbone in order to increase their stability and/or reduce/prevent RNAse H degradation, such as e.g. phosphorothioate linkages, phosphorodiamidate linkages such as phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMOs), and may comprise e.g. peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), locked nucleic acids (LNAs), methoxyethyl nucleotide modifications, e.g. 2′O-methyl (2′OMe) and 2′-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) ribose modifications and/or 5′-methylcytosine modifications.
  • In some embodiments, a nucleic acid inhibitor is selected from: an siRNA, dsiRNA, miRNA, shRNA, pri-miRNA, pre-miRNA, saRNA, snoRNA, or antisense oligonucleotide (e.g. a gapmer), or a nucleic acid encoding the same. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid inhibitor is selected from: an siRNA, dsiRNA, miRNA, shRNA. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid inhibitor is an siRNA. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid inhibitor is an shRNA.
  • The nucleic acid inhibitor may be an RNAi agent (e.g. siRNA, shRNA or miRNA-based shRNA or gRNA for CRISR/CAS9 knockout) or a nucleic acid encoding an RNAi agent that reduces expression of a gene/mRNA, e.g. one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid may comprise an antisense nucleic acid described herein, e.g. as part of a larger nucleic acid species. For example, in some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid may be an siRNA, dsiRNA, miRNA, shRNA, pri-miRNA, pre-miRNA, saRNA or snoRNA comprising an antisense nucleic acid described herein.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid is a small interfering RNA (siRNA). As used herein, ‘siRNA’ refers to a double-stranded RNA molecule having a length between 17 to 30 (e.g. 20 to 27, e.g. ˜21 to 23) base pairs, which is capable of engaging the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway for the targeted degradation of target RNA. Double-stranded siRNA molecules may be formed as a nucleic acid complex of RNA strands having a high degree of complementarity. The strand of the double-stranded siRNA molecule having complementarity to a target nucleotide sequence (i.e. the antisense nucleic acid) may be referred to as the ‘guide’ strand, and the other strand may be referred to as the ‘passenger’ strand. The structure and function of siRNAs is described e.g. in Kim and Rossi, Biotechniques. 2008 April; 44(5): 613-616.
  • The RNAi agent may contain one or more overhang regions and/or capping groups at the 3′-end, 5′-end, or both ends of one or both strands e.g. comprising one or two or three nucleotides (e.g. a ‘UU’ 3′ overhang, a ‘TT’ 3′ overhang, or a ‘CCA’ 5′ overhang). The overhang can be 1-6 nucleotides in length, for instance 2-6 nucleotides in length, 1-5 nucleotides in length, 2-5 nucleotides in length, 1-4 nucleotides in length, 2-4 nucleotides in length, 1-3 nucleotides in length, 2-3 nucleotides in length, or 1-2 nucleotides in length. The overhangs can be the result of one strand being longer than the other, or the result of two strands of the same length being staggered. The overhang can form a mismatch with the target mRNA or it can be complementary to the gene sequences being targeted or can be another sequence. The first and second strands can also be joined, e.g., by additional bases to form a hairpin, or by other non-base linkers.
  • In some embodiments, a passenger strand of an siRNA according to the present disclosure may comprise a ‘CCA’ modification at the 5′ end, i.e. the addition of nucleotides ‘CCA’. In some embodiments, a passenger strand of an siRNA according to the present disclosure may comprise a ‘TT’ modification at the 3′ end, e.g. replacing the 3′ two nucleotides.
  • In some embodiments, the guide strand of an siRNA according to the present disclosure may comprise or consist of an antisense nucleic acid according to an embodiment of an antisense nucleic acid described herein.
  • In some embodiments an siRNA according to the present disclosure (e.g. in Tables 1-11) may be contained within a longer shRNA sequence (e.g. in Tables 12 and 13) that undergoes processing to form the siRNA.
  • The term “RNAi agent” or “RNAi” as used interchangeably herein, refer to an agent that contains RNA as that term is defined herein, and which mediates the targeted cleavage of an RNA transcript via an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) pathway. RNAi agent directs the sequence-specific degradation of mRNA through a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). The RNAi agent modulates, e.g., inhibits, the expression of a gene associated with organ regeneration in a cell, e.g., a cell within a subject, such as a mammalian subject. The term “RNAi agent” includes both shRNAs (e.g. in Table 12 or 13), or precursor RNAs that are processed by RISC into siRNAs (e.g. in Tables 1 to 11), as well as the siRNAs themselves that inhibits the expression of an endogenous gene.
  • The invention provides for double-stranded RNAi agents capable of inhibiting the expression of a target gene in vivo. The RNAi agent may comprise a sense strand and an antisense strand. Each strand of the RNAi agent may range from 12-30 nucleotides in length. For example, each strand may be between 14-30 nucleotides in length, 17-30 nucleotides in length, 25-30 nucleotides in length, 27-30 nucleotides in length, 17-23 nucleotides in length, 17-21 nucleotides in length, 17-19 nucleotides in length, 19-25 nucleotides in length, 19-23 nucleotides in length, 19-21 nucleotides in length, 21-25 nucleotides in length, or 21-23 nucleotides in length.
  • The sense strand and antisense strand typically form a duplex double stranded RNA (“dsRNA”). The duplex region of an RNAi agent may be 12-30 nucleotide pairs in length. For example, the duplex region can be between 14-30 nucleotide pairs in length, 17-30 nucleotide pairs in length, 27-30 nucleotide pairs in length, 17-23 nucleotide pairs in length, 17-21 nucleotide pairs in length, 17-19 nucleotide pairs in length, 19-25 nucleotide pairs in length, 19-23 nucleotide pairs in length, 19-21 nucleotide pairs in length, 21-25 nucleotide pairs in length, or 21-23 nucleotide pairs in length. In another example, the duplex region is selected from 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 27 nucleotides in length.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid is a dicer small interfering RNA (dsiRNA). As used herein, ‘dsiRNA’ refers to a double-stranded RNA molecule having a length of ˜27 base pairs, which is processed by Dicer to siRNA for RNAi-mediated degradation of target RNA. DsiRNAs are described e.g. in Raja et al., Asian J Pharm Sci. (2019) 14(5): 497-510, which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. DsiRNAs are optimised for Dicer processing and may have increased potency compared with 21-mer siRNAs (see e.g. Kim et al., Nat Biotechnol. (2005) 23(2):222-226), which may be related to the link between Dicer-mediated nuclease activity and RISC loading.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid is a micro RNA (miRNA), or a precursor thereof (e.g. a pri-miRNA or a pre-miRNA). miRNA molecules have a similar structure to siRNA molecules, but are encoded endogenously, and derived from processing of short hairpin RNA molecules. They are initially expressed as long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs), which are processed within the nucleus into 60 to 70 nucleotide hairpins (pre-miRNAs), which are further processed in the cytoplasm into smaller species that interact with RISC and target mRNA. miRNAs comprise ‘seed sequences’ that are essential for binding to target mRNA. Seed sequences usually comprise six nucleotides and are situated at positions 2 to 7 at the miRNA 5′ end.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid is a short hairpin RNA (shRNA), e.g. as provided in Tables 12 and 13 (showing sense-loop-antisense sequences). shRNA molecules comprise sequences of nucleotides having a high degree of complementarity that associate with one another through complementary base pairing to form the stem region of the hairpin. The sequences of nucleotides having a high degree of complementarity may be linked by one or more nucleotides that form the loop region of the hairpin. shRNA molecules may be processed (e.g. via catalytic cleavage by DICER) to form siRNA or miRNA molecules. shRNA molecules may have a length of between 35 to 100 (e.g. 40 to 70) nucleotides. The stem region of the hairpin may have a length between 17 to 30 (e.g. 20 to 27, e.g. ˜21-23) base pairs. The stem region may comprise G-U pairings to stabilise the hairpin structure. An shRNA sequence described herein may comprise sequences that will be subsequently processed into shorter siRNA strand(s), such as the guide/passenger strands presented in Tables 1-11.
  • siRNA, dsiRNA, miRNAs and shRNAs for the targeted inhibition of gene and/or protein expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB may be identified/designed in accordance with principles and/or using tools well known to the skilled person. Parameters and tools for designing siRNA and shRNA molecules are described e.g. in Fakhr et al., Cancer Gene Therapy (2016) 23:73-82 (hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety). Software that may be used by the skilled person for the design of such molecules is summarised in Table 1 of Fakhr et al., Cancer Gene Therapy (2016) 23:73-82, and includes e.g. siRNA Wizard (InvivoGen). Details for making such molecules can be found in the websites of commercial vendors such as Ambion, Dharmacon, GenScript, Invitrogen and OligoEngine.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7091, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7091; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence having the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i), or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i). SEQ ID NOs 1 to 7091 are displayed in Tables 1 to 10 provided herein. The nucleic acid according to the present disclosure may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of any one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB, according to the heading of the Table in which the SEQ ID NO is presented. For example, a SEQ ID NO presented in Table 2 may be capable of reducing gene and/or protein expression of MFAP4.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7092 to 7096, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to one of SEQ ID NOs: 7092 to 7096; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence having the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i), or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to the reverse complement of the nucleotide sequence of (i).
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7092, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7092; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7141, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7141.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7093, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7093; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7142, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7142.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7094, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7094; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7143, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7143.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7095, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7095; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7144, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7144.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7096, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7096; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7145, or having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7145.
  • In some embodiments in accordance with the preceding seven paragraphs, the nucleotide sequence of (i) and the nucleotide sequence of (ii) may be provided on different nucleic acids (i.e. separate oligonucleotides). As such, the nucleic acid of (i) and (ii) may be different nucleic acids. In such embodiments, the inhibitory nucleic acid may comprise or consist of a nucleic acid duplex formed by complementary base pairing between the different nucleic acids comprising the nucleotide sequences of (i) and (ii).
  • Alternatively, in some embodiments the nucleotide sequence of (i) and the nucleotide sequence of (ii) may be provided on the same nucleic acid (i.e. a single oligonucleotide). That is, the nucleic acid of (i) and (ii) may be the same nucleic acid. In such embodiments, the nucleotide sequence of (i) and the nucleotide sequence of (ii) may be connected by one or more linker nucleotides. The inhibitory nucleic acid may comprise a nucleic acid duplex region formed by complementary base pairing between the nucleotide sequences of (i) and (ii), and the linker regions may form a single-stranded loop region.
  • Disclosed herein is a nucleic acid inhibitor consisting, comprising or encoding an RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1 to 13 (or any combination of Tables thereof) or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1 to 13 (or any combination of Tables thereof) under stringency conditions.
  • Disclosed herein is a nucleic acid inhibitor consisting, comprising or encoding an RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 2-12 (or any combination of Tables thereof) or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 2-12 (or any combination of Tables thereof) under stringency conditions.
  • Disclosed herein is a nucleic acid inhibitor consisting, comprising or encoding an RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in Table 1 or 13, or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in Table 1 or 13 under stringency conditions.
  • The terms “nucleic acid” and “polynucleotide’, used interchangeably herein, refer to polymeric forms of nucleotides of any length, either ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. Thus, these terms include, but are not limited to, single-, double-, or multi-stranded DNA or RNA, genomic DNA, cDNA, DNA-RNA hybrids, or a polymer comprising purine and pyrimidine bases or other natural, chemically or biochemically modified, non-natural, or derivatized nucleotide bases. These terms further include, but are not limited to, mRNA or cDNA that comprise intronic sequences. The backbone of the polynucleotide can comprise sugars and phosphate groups (as may typically be found in RNA or DNA), or modified or substituted sugar or phosphate groups. Alternatively, the backbone of the polynucleotide can comprise a polymer of synthetic subunits such as phosphoramidites and thus can be an oligodeoxynucleoside phosphoramidate or a mixed phosphoramidate-phosphodiester oligomer. A polynucleotide may comprise modified nucleotides, such as methylated nucleotides and nucleotide analogs, uracyl, other sugars, and linking groups such as fluororibose and thioate, and nucleotide branches. The sequence of nucleotides may be interrupted by non-nucleotide components. A polynucleotide may be further modified after polymerization, such as by conjugation with a labeling component. Other types of modifications included in this definition are caps, substitution of one or more of the naturally occurring nucleotides with an analog, and introduction of means for attaching the polynucleotide to proteins, metal ions, labeling components, other polynucleotides, or a solid support. The term “polynucleotide” also encompasses peptidic nucleic acids, PNA and LNA. Polynucleotides may further comprise genomic DNA, cDNA, or DNA-RNA hybrids.
  • The term “RNA” or “RNA molecule” or “ribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of ribonucleotides. The term “DNA” or “DNA molecule” or deoxyribonucleic acid molecule” refers to a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. DNA and RNA can be synthesized naturally (e.g., by DNA replication or transcription of DNA, respectively). RNA can be post-transcriptionally modified. DNA and RNA can also be chemically synthesized. DNA and RNA can be single-stranded (i.e., ssRNA and ssDNA, respectively) or multi-stranded (e.g., double stranded, i.e., dsRNA and dsDNA, respectively). “mRNA” or “messenger RNA” is single-stranded RNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptide chains. This information is translated during protein synthesis when ribosomes bind to the mRNA.
  • “Stringency conditions” refers to conditions under which a nucleic acid may hybridize to its target polynucleotide sequence, but not other sequences. Stringent conditions are sequence-dependent (e.g., longer sequences hybridize specifically at higher temperatures). Generally, stringent conditions are selected to be about 5° C. lower than the thermal melting point (Tm) for the specific sequence at a defined ionic strength and pH. The Tm is the temperature (under defined ionic strength, pH, and polynucleotide concentration) at which 50% of the probes complementary to the target sequence hybridize to the target sequence at equilibrium. Typically, stringent conditions will be those in which the salt concentration is at least about 0.01 to about 1.0 M sodium ion concentration (or other salts) at about pH 7.0 to about pH 8.3 and the temperature is at least about 30° C. for short probes (e.g., 10 to 50 nucleotides).
  • As used herein, the term “complement” when used in reference to a nucleic acid sequence refers to the complementary sequence of the nucleic acid sequence as dictated by base-pairing, but in reverse orientation so as to result in complementarity upon fold-over into a hairpin structure. The term encompasses partial complementarity where only some of the bases are matched according to base pairing rules as well as total complementarity between the two nucleic acid sequences.
  • Modifications
  • Nucleic acid inhibitors/inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may comprise chemically modified nucleotide acids, e.g. in which the phosphonate and/or ribose and/or base is/are chemically modified. Such modifications may influence the activity, specificity and/or stability of nucleic acid. One or more (e.g. one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 or all) nucleotides of a nucleic acid inhibitor may comprise such chemical modification.
  • Modifications contemplated in accordance with nucleic acid inhibitors according to the present disclosure include those described in Hu et al., Sig. Transduc. Tar. Ther. (2020) 5(101) (incorporated by reference hereinabove), in particular those shown in FIG. 2 of Hu et al., Sig. Transduc. Tar. Ther. (2020) 5(101). Further modifications contemplated in accordance with nucleic acid inhibitors according to the present disclosure include those described in Selvam et al., Chem Biol Drug Des. (2017) 90(5): 665-678, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises one or more nucleotides comprising a phosphonate modification. In some embodiments, the phosphonate modification(s) may be selected from: phosphorothioate (e.g. Rp isomer, Sp isomer), phosphorodithioate, methylphosphonate, methoxypropylphosphonate, 5′-(E)-vinylphosphonate, 5′-methylphosphonate, (S)-5′-C-methyl with phosphate, 5′-phosphorothioate, and peptide nucleic acid. In some embodiments, aa nucleic acid inhibitor comprises one or more nucleotides comprising phosphorothioate modification.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises one or more nucleotides comprising a ribose modification. In some embodiments, the ribose modification(s) may be selected from: 2′-O-methyl, 2′-O-methoxyethyl, 2′-fluoro, 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro, 2′-methoxyethyl, 2′-O-alkyl, 2′-O-allyl, 2′-C-allyl, 2′-deoxy, 2′-hydroxyl, 2′-arabino-fluoro, 2′-O-benzyl, 2′-O-methyl-4-pyridine, locked nucleic acid, (S)-cEt-BNA, tricyclo-DNA, PMO, unlocked nucleic acid, hexitol nucleic acid and glycol nucleic acid. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more nucleotides comprising 2′-O-methyl modification. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro modification.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises one or more nucleotides comprising a base modification. In some embodiments, the base modification(s) may be selected from: pseudouridine, 2′-thiouridine, N6′-methyladenosine, 5′-methylcytidine, 5′-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine, N-ethylpiperidine 7′-EAA triazole-modified adenine, N-ethylpiperidine 6′-triazole-modified adenine, 6′-phenylpyrrolo-cytosine, 2′,4′-difluorotoluyl ribonucleoside and 5′-nitroindole.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: one or more nucleotides comprising phosphorothioate modification, one or more nucleotides comprising 2′-O-methyl modification, and one or more nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro modification.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises one or more modified nucleotides selected from: 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, and 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphorothioate.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising 3 to 10 (e.g. one of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro modification. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises 4 to 15 (e.g. one of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15) nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro modification. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising 2 to 6 (e.g. one of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) nucleotides comprising phosphorothioate modification. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises 5 to 20 (e.g. one of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20) nucleotides comprising 2′-O-methyl modification. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising 2 to 6 (e.g. one of 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) nucleotides comprising 2′-O-methyl and phosphorothioate modification. In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising 1 to 4 (e.g. one of 1, 2, 3 or 4) nucleotides comprising 2′-fluoro and phosphorothioate modification.
  • In embodiments wherein nucleic acid inhibitors/inhibitory nucleic acids comprise nucleotides comprising chemical modification as described herein, the nucleotide sequence is nevertheless evaluated for the purposes of sequence comparison in accordance with the present disclosure as if the equivalent unmodified nucleotide were instead present.
  • Nucleic acids comprising nucleotide(s) comprising a modified phosphonate group are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotide(s) comprising a modified phosphonate group instead comprise the equivalent unmodified phosphonate group. Nucleic acids comprising nucleotide(s) comprising a modified ribose group are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotide(s) comprising a modified ribose group instead comprise the equivalent unmodified ribose group. Nucleic acids comprising nucleotide(s) comprising a modified base group are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotide(s) comprising a modified base group instead comprise the equivalent unmodified base group.
  • By way of illustration, nucleic acids comprising nucleotides comprising pseudouridine, 2-thiouridine and/or 5′-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotides comprising uridine were instead present at their respective positions. By way of illustration, nucleic acids comprising nucleotides comprising N6′-methyladenosine, N-ethylpiperidine 7′-EAA triazole-modified adenine and/or N-ethylpiperidine 6′-triazole-modified adenine are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotides comprising adenine were instead present at their respective positions. By way of illustration, nucleic acids comprising nucleotides comprising 5′-methylcytidine and/or 6′-phenylpyrrolo-cytosine are evaluated for the purposes of nucleotide sequence comparison as if nucleotides comprising cytosine were instead present at their respective positions.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in Table 11.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid comprises nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) shown in any one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 7146 to 7155 of Table 11. The following six paragraphs refer to SEQ ID NOs presented in Table 11.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7146 to 7150, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to one of SEQ ID NOs: 7146 to 7150; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 7151 to 7155, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to one of SEQ ID NOs: 7151 to 7155.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7146, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7146; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7151, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7151.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7147, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7147; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7152, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7152.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7148, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7148; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7153, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7153.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7149, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7149; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7154, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7154.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7150, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7150; and (ii) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) of SEQ ID NO: 7155, or a nucleotide sequence (including the modifications thereto) having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to SEQ ID NO: 7155.
  • In general, the majority of nucleotides of each strand of a dsRNA molecule are ribonucleotides, but as described in detail herein, each or both strands can also include one or more non-ribonucleotides, e.g., a deoxyribonucleotide and/or a modified nucleotide. In addition, an “RNAi agent” may include ribonucleotides with chemical modifications; an RNAi agent may include substantial modifications at multiple nucleotides. Such modifications may include all types of modifications disclosed herein or known in the art. Any such modifications, as used in a siRNA type molecule, are encompassed by “RNAi agent” for the purposes of this specification and claims.
  • In one embodiment, each residue of the sense strand and antisense strand is independently modified with LNA, HNA, CeNA, 2′-methoxyethyl, 2′-O-methyl, 2′-O-allyl, 2′-C-allyl, 2′-deoxy, 2′-hydroxyl, or 2′-fluoro. The strands can contain more than one modification.
  • Inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may be produced in accordance with techniques well known to the skilled person.
  • For example, inhibitory nucleic acids may be produced recombinantly by transcription of a nucleic acid sequence encoding the inhibitory nucleic acid. A nucleic acid encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure may e.g. be contained within an expression vector for expression of the inhibitory nucleic acid.
  • Transcription may be performed in cell-free transcription reactions using recombinant enzymes (e.g. RNA polymerase) for transcription of the inhibitory nucleic acids. Alternatively, production of an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure may be performed in a cell comprising nucleic acid encoding the inhibitory nucleic acid, and may employ cellular enzymes (e.g. RNA polymerase) for transcription. Production of an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure by expression within a cell may comprise transcription from a vector. Introduction of nucleic acid/vectors for the purposes of production of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may be performed in any of the ways known in the art (e.g. transfection, transduction, electroporation, etc.). Expression of an inhibitory nucleic acid can be regulated using a cell-specific promoter (e.g. a liver cell-specific promoter).
  • For example, an shRNA molecule according to the present disclosure may be produced within a cell by transcription from a vector encoding the shRNA. shRNAs may be produced within a cell by transfecting the cell with a vector encoding the shRNA sequence under control of an RNA polymerase promoter.
  • An siRNA molecule according to the present disclosure may be produced within a cell by transcription from a vector encoding shRNA encoding/comprising the siRNA, and subsequent processing of the shRNA molecule by cellular DICER to form the siRNA molecule. An shRNA molecule according to the present disclosure, e.g. a sequence in Table 12 or 13, may be embedded into and expressed using a miR-30-based system, e.g. as described in Fellmann C et al., Cell Rep. 2013; 5(6):1704-13, and Rio D C et al., Cold Spring Harb Protoc; 2013; doi:10.1101/pdb.prot075853, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Inhibitory nucleic acids may also be synthesised using standard solid or solution phase synthesis techniques which are well known in the art. Solid phase synthesis may use phosphoramidite chemistry. Briefly, a solid supported nucleotide may be detritylated, then coupled with a suitably activated nucleoside phosphoramidite to form a phosphite triester linkage. Capping may then occur, followed by oxidation of the phosphite triester with an oxidant, typically iodine. The cycle may then be repeated to yield a polynucleotide.
  • The present disclosure provides nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid comprises, or consists of, DNA and/or RNA.
  • The present disclosure also provides a vector comprising the nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • Nucleic acids and vectors according to the present disclosure may be provided in purified or isolated form, i.e. from other nucleic acid, or naturally-occurring biological material.
  • The nucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure may be contained in a vector, e.g. an expression vector. A ‘vector’ as used herein is a nucleic acid molecule used as a vehicle to transfer exogenous nucleic acid into a cell. The vector may be a vector for expression of the nucleic acid in the cell. Such vectors may include a promoter sequence operably linked to the nucleotide sequence encoding the sequence to be expressed. A vector may also include a termination codon and expression enhancers. Any suitable vectors, promoters, enhancers and termination codons known in the art may be used to express nucleic acid from a vector according to the present disclosure.
  • The term ‘operably linked’ may include the situation where a selected nucleic acid sequence and regulatory nucleic acid sequence (e.g. promoter and/or enhancer) are covalently linked in such a way as to place the expression of nucleic acid sequence under the influence or control of the regulatory sequence (thereby forming an expression cassette). Thus, a regulatory sequence is operably linked to the selected nucleic acid sequence if the regulatory sequence is capable of affecting transcription of the nucleic acid sequence.
  • Suitable vectors include plasmids, binary vectors, DNA vectors, mRNA vectors, viral vectors (e.g. gammaretroviral vectors (e.g. murine Leukemia virus (MLV)-derived vectors), lentiviral vectors, adenovirus vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors, vaccinia virus vectors and herpesvirus vectors), transposon-based vectors, and artificial chromosomes (e.g. yeast artificial chromosomes).
  • In some embodiments, the vector may be a eukaryotic vector, e.g. a vector comprising the elements necessary for expression of nucleic acid from the vector in a eukaryotic cell. In some embodiments, the vector may be a mammalian vector, e.g. comprising a cytomegalovirus (CMV) or SV40 promoter to drive expression. In some embodiments, the vector comprises a cell- or tissue-specific promoter. In some embodiments, the vector comprises a liver cell-specific promoter.
  • The present disclosure also provides a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure. The present disclosure also provides nucleic acids and vectors comprising or encoding a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure.
  • Individual inhibitory nucleic acids of a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may be identical or non-identical. Similarly, in embodiments wherein a nucleic acid/vector comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises/encodes more than one inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure, the inhibitory nucleic acids comprised/encoded by the nucleic acid/vector may be identical or non-identical.
  • In some embodiments, nucleic acids/vectors may encode one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, nucleic acids/vectors may encode multiple (e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.) copies of a given inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may be a plurality of non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids. In some embodiments, a plurality of inhibitory nucleic acids may comprise one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids. In some embodiments, nucleic acids/vectors may comprise/encode a plurality of non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure.
  • The following two paragraphs further define pluralities of non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids in accordance with embodiments of pluralities of inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure, and also in accordance with embodiments of nucleic acids/vectors comprising/encoding a plurality of non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids according to the present disclosure.
  • In some embodiments, the non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids comprise or encode non-identical antisense nucleic acids. In such embodiments, the non-identical antisense nucleic acids may each independently conform to any embodiment of an antisense nucleic acid as described hereinabove.
  • In some embodiments, the non-identical inhibitory nucleic acids may comprise or encode antisense nucleic acids targeting non-identical target nucleotide sequences. In such embodiments, the non-identical target nucleotide sequences may each independently conform to any embodiment of a target nucleotide sequence for an antisense nucleic acid as described hereinabove.
  • The present disclosure also provides a cell comprising or expressing (i) an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure, (ii) nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure, and/or (iii) a vector comprising nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure.
  • The cell may be a eukaryotic cell, e.g. a mammalian cell. The mammal may be a primate (rhesus, cynomolgous, non-human primate or human) or a non-human mammal (e.g. rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse or other rodent (including any animal in the order Rodentia), cat, dog, pig, sheep, goat, cattle (including cows, e.g. dairy cows, or any animal in the order Bos), horse (including any animal in the order Equidae), donkey, and non-human primate). In preferred embodiments, the cell may be a human cell. In some embodiments, the cell may be a liver cell.
  • The present disclosure also provides a method for producing a cell comprising a nucleic acid or vector according to the present disclosure, comprising introducing a nucleic acid or vector according to the present disclosure into a cell. In some embodiments, introducing a nucleic acid or vector according to the present disclosure into a cell comprises transformation, transfection, electroporation or transduction (e.g. retroviral transduction).
  • The present disclosure also provides a method for producing an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure or a nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure, comprising culturing a cell comprising nucleic acid comprising or encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure or a vector according to the present disclosure under conditions suitable for expression of the nucleic acid or vector by the cell. In some embodiments, the methods are performed in vitro.
  • The present disclosure also provides compositions comprising nucleic acids (including inhibitory nucleic acids, nucleic acids comprising/encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid, expression vectors comprising/encoding such nucleic acids) or cells according to the present disclosure.
  • In therapeutic and prophylactic applications, the inhibitors and compositions of the present disclosure are preferably formulated as a medicament or pharmaceutical composition (suitable for clinical use). Such compositions may comprise the inhibitor or cell together with one or more other pharmaceutically-acceptable ingredients well known to those skilled in the art. Such ingredients include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, diluents, fillers, buffers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, lubricants, stabilisers, solubilisers, surfactants (e.g., wetting agents), masking agents, colouring agents, flavouring agents, and sweetening agents.
  • Provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an inhibitor as defined herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Compositions according to the present disclosure may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active compound with a carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active compound with carriers (e.g., liquid carriers, finely divided solid carrier, etc.), and then shaping the product, if necessary.
  • The compositions may be prepared for topical, parenteral, systemic, intracavitary, intravenous, intra-arterial, intramuscular, intrathecal, intraocular, intravitreal, intraconjunctival, subretinal, suprachoroidal, subcutaneous, intradermal, intrathecal, oral, nasal or transdermal routes of administration which may include injection or infusion. Suitable formulations may comprise the selected agent in a sterile or isotonic medium. The formulation and mode of administration may be selected according to the agent to be administered, and disease to be treated/prevented.
  • The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered in a number of ways depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated. Administration may be topical (including intranasal or intrapulmonary), oral or parenteral. Parenteral administration includes intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection.
  • The compositions of the present disclosure may be formulated in fluid, including gel, form. Fluid formulations may be formulated for administration by injection or infusion (e.g. via catheter) to a selected organ or region of the human or animal body. A further aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of formulating or producing a medicament or pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure, the method comprising formulating a pharmaceutical composition or medicament by mixing an agent with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, excipient or diluent.
  • Delivery of Inhibitors
  • Inhibitors (including e.g. small molecules, antibodies and nucleic acids (including inhibitory nucleic acids, expression vectors)), cells and compositions according to the present disclosure may be modified and/or be formulated to facilitate delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell/tissue of interest, e.g. a liver cell (hepatocyte) or hepatic tissue.
  • Strategies for targeted delivery of such species are reviewed e.g. in Li et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci. (2015) 16: 19518-19536 and Fu et al., Bioconjug Chem. (2014) 25(9): 1602-1608, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In particular, nucleic acids according to the present disclosure may employ a delivery platform described in Hu et al., Sig. Transduc. Tar. Ther. (2020) 5(101) (incorporated by reference hereinabove), or Tatiparti et al. ‘siRNA Delivery Strategies: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Developments.’ Ed. Thomas Nann. Nanomaterials 7.4 (2017): 77, and Lehto T et al., Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016, 106(Pt A):172-182, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • In some embodiments, articles of the present disclosure may be encapsulated in a nanoparticle or a liposome. In some embodiments, articles of the present disclosure may be (covalently or non-covalently) associated with a cell-penetrating peptide (e.g. a protein transduction domain, trojan peptide, arginine-rich peptide, vectocell peptide), a cationic polymer, a cationic lipid or a viral carrier.
  • Nanoparticles may be organic, e.g. micelles, liposomes, proteins, solid-lipid particles, solid polymer particles, dendrimers, and polymer therapeutics. Nanoparticles may be inorganic, e.g. such as nanotubes or metal particles, optionally with organic molecules added. In some embodiments, a nanoparticle is a nanoparticle described in Chen et al., Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. (2016) 3:16023, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, a nanoparticle is a PLGA, polypeptide, poly(β-amino ester), DOPE, β-cyclodextrin-containing polycation, linear PEI, PAMAM dendrimer, branched PEI, chitosan or polyphosophoester nanoparticle.
  • The delivery of a nucleic acid inhibitor, e.g. an RNAi agent, to a cell e.g., a cell within a subject, such as a human subject can be achieved in a number of different ways. For example, delivery may be performed by contacting a cell with a nucleic acid of the invention either in vitro or in vivo. In vivo delivery may also be performed directly by administering a composition comprising a nucleic acid inhibitor, e.g., a siRNA, shRNA, dsRNA, to a subject. Alternatively, in vivo delivery may be performed indirectly by administering one or more vectors (e.g. one or more DNA vectors) that encode and direct the expression of the nucleic acid inhibitor. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid inhibitor is delivered using a viral-based or transposon-based nucleic acid construct. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid inhibitor is encapsulated in a liposome.
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure (e.g. a small molecule, a peptide, an antibody, an inhibitory nucleic acid, a nucleic acid comprising/encoding an inhibitory nucleic acid, or an expression vector) comprises modification to incorporate one or more moieties facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell type or tissue of interest. In some embodiments, an inhibitor according to the present disclosure is linked (e.g. chemically conjugated to) one or more moieties facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell type or tissue of interest.
  • Modification to, and formulation of, inhibitors to facilitate targeted delivery to cell types and/or tissues of interest is described e.g. in Lorenzer et al., J Control Release (2015) 203:1-15, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The moiety facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell type or tissue of interest may bind selectively to the target cell type/tissue of interest. The moiety may facilitate traversal of the cell membrane of the target cell type and/or of cells of the tissue of interest. The moiety may bind to a molecule expressed at the cell surface of the target cell type/tissue of interest. The moiety may facilitate internalisation of the nucleic acid by the target cell type/tissue of interest (e.g. by endocytosis).
  • Moieties facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, cell types or tissues of interest are described e.g. in Benizri et al., Bioconjug Chem. (2019) 30(2): 366-383, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Such moieties include e.g. N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), α-tocopherol, cell-penetrating peptide, nucleic acid aptamer, antibody and antigen-binding fragments/derivatives thereof, cholesterol, squalene, polyethylene glycol (PEG), fatty acid (e.g. palmitic acid) and nucleolipid moieties.
  • In some embodiments, the moiety may e.g. be a peptide/polypeptide (e.g. an antibody, fragment or derivative thereof, peptide aptamer or cell-penetrating peptide) or nucleic acid (e.g. a nucleic acid aptamer) which binds to the target cell type/tissue of interest, e.g. via interaction with a molecule expressed at the cell surface of the target cell type/tissue of interest.
  • In some embodiments, a nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises a moiety facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, a liver cell (e.g. a hepatocyte) and/or hepatic tissue. In such embodiments, the moiety may facilitate traversal of the hepatocyte cell membrane. The moiety may bind to a molecule expressed at the cell surface of hepatocytes. In some embodiments, a molecule expressed at the cell surface of hepatocytes is an asialoglycoprotein receptor, e.g. ASGR1 or ASGR2. The moiety may facilitate internalisation of a nucleic acid by hepatocytes (e.g. by endocytosis).
  • In some embodiments, the moiety may e.g. be a peptide/polypeptide (e.g. an antibody, fragment or derivative thereof, peptide aptamer or cell-penetrating peptide) or nucleic acid (e.g. a nucleic acid aptamer) which binds to a hepatocyte and/or hepatic tissue, e.g. via interaction with a molecule expressed at the cell surface of a hepatocyte (e.g. an asialoglycoprotein receptor, e.g. ASGR1 or ASGR2).
  • In some embodiments, the moiety is, or comprises, GalNAc. In some embodiments, an inhibitor, e.g. a nucleic acid, is conjugated to GalNAc. GalNAc interacts with asialoglycoprotein receptors expressed by hepatocytes. Nucleic acids conjugated to GalNAc are efficiently internalised by hepatic cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis following binding of GalNAc to ASGPR (see e.g. Nair et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2014) 136(49): 16958-16961). In some embodiments, an inhibitor, e.g. a nucleic acid, is conjugated to one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or more) GalNAc moieties. In some embodiments, one or more GalNAc moieties may be covalently associated to the 5′ or 3′ end of one or more strands of a nucleic acid. In some embodiments, a nucleic acid is conjugated to a triantennary GalNAc carbohydrate moiety (such moieties are described e.g. in Nair et al., supra).
  • In some embodiments, an inhibitory nucleic acid according to the present disclosure comprises: (i) nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity (e.g. one of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or greater sequence identity) to one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 7155; and (ii) a triantennary GalNAc carbohydrate moiety.
  • In some embodiments, the moiety is, or comprises, α-tocopherol (i.e. vitamin E). In some embodiments, a nucleic acid is conjugated to α-tocopherol. Nucleic acid-α-tocopherol conjugates have been employed for targeted delivery of nucleic acids to the liver (see e.g. Nishina et al., Mol Ther. (2008) 16(4):734-740). In some embodiments, a nucleic acid is conjugated to one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or more) α-tocopherol moieties. In some embodiments, one or more α-tocopherol moieties may be covalently associated to the 5′ or 3′ end of one or more strands of a nucleic acid.
  • Conjugates of biomolecules may be produced utilising ‘click chemistry’, as described e.g. in Nwe and Brechbiel Cancer Biother Radiopharm. (2009) 24(3):289-302 and Astakhova et al., Mol Pharm. (2018) 15(8): 2892-2899, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, conjugation may employ akyne-azide or thio-maleimide approaches. In some embodiments, an inhibitor, e.g. nucleic acid, may be conjugated to a moiety facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, a cell type or tissue of interest, e.g. at the 3′ and/or 5′ end of one or more strands of the nucleic acid.
  • Inhibitors may be conjugated to one or more moieties facilitating delivery to, and/or uptake by, cell types or tissues of interest via a linker. In some embodiments, a linker may be or comprise a nucleotide sequence. The nucleotide sequence of a linker may comprise one or more modified nucleotides as described herein.
  • Treatment/Prevention of Disease
  • The inhibitors, nucleic acids, expression vectors, cells and compositions described herein find use in therapeutic and prophylactic methods.
  • The present invention provides methods and articles (agents and compositions) for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases through inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. Treatment/prevention of disease is achieved by inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in e.g. a cell, tissue/organ/organ system/subject.
  • The invention is concerned with the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are caused and/or exacerbated by an increase in the expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (and/or associated downstream factors), or diseases which are caused and/or exacerbated by a decrease in the expression/activity of one or more associated downstream factors that are downregulated by one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Inhibition of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (genes, mRNA and/or proteins) in any of the methods described herein may be achieved using any suitable inhibitor. In some embodiments, the inhibitor is a nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, antigen-binding molecule or small molecule inhibitor, e.g. as described herein. Multiple inhibitors may be used to target any two or more of the genes/proteins.
  • In any method provided herein, the inhibitor may be a nucleic acid as described herein, e.g. an inhibitory nucleic acid.
  • The utility of the present invention extends to the treatment/prevention of any disease that would derive therapeutic/prophylactic benefit from a reduction in the level of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB expression and/or activity.
  • In some embodiments, a disease to be treated/prevented may be characterised by an increase in the expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (or a correlate thereof) in an organ/tissue/subject affected by the disease e.g. as compared to normal organ/tissue/subject (i.e. in the absence of the disease).
  • Treatment/prevention may be of a disease that is associated with an upregulation in the expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (or a correlate thereof) in cells/tissue/an organ in which the symptoms of the disease manifest.
  • The experimental examples demonstrate that expression of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and LTB is upregulated in fibroinflammatory disorders, such as liver disease, inflammatory liver disorders, steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Thus, the present disclosure establishes inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, or LTB as being useful for the treatment/prevention of diseases that are characterised by, e.g., NAFLD, NASH, fibrosis, and/or inflammation, e.g. of the liver or other tissues.
  • Aspects of the present invention are concerned with the treatment/prevention of a liver disease or condition.
  • Thus, in one aspect the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a liver disease or condition, comprising inhibiting at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. As described hereinabove, inhibition/inhibiting may refer to inhibition of the expression and/or activity of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB and the downstream functional consequences thereof, and encompasses decreased/reduced gene and/or protein expression or decreased/reduced activity of any one of said genes/proteins.
  • Also provided is a method of treating or preventing a liver disease or condition, comprising administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to a subject. The method may comprise administering two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) inhibitors that target two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Also provided is an inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB for use in a method of treating or preventing a liver disease or condition.
  • Also provided is the use of an inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of treating or preventing a liver disease or condition.
  • The inhibitor may be any suitable inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, such as any agent described herein, e.g. nucleic acid, peptide, antibody, antigen-binding molecule or small molecule inhibitor. In some embodiments the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid, such as those described herein.
  • In some embodiments, the liver disease or condition to be treated/prevented is selected from the group consisting of: acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, mild liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALFD), alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis, liver damage, liver injury, liver failure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, end-stage liver disease, inflammation of the liver, lobular inflammation, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • In some embodiments, the liver fibrosis is a virus-induced liver fibrosis. In some embodiments, the hepatitis is an alcohol-induced hepatitis. In some embodiments, the liver damage is a drug or virus-induced liver damage.
  • The experimental examples of the present disclosure identify MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and LTB as regulators of fibroinflammatory processes, which are moreover conserved between different tissue types.
  • Aspects of the present invention are concerned with the treatment/prevention of diseases in which profibrotic processes are pathologically implicated. Accordingly, in some embodiments the disease is fibrosis, or a disease characterised by fibrosis.
  • As used herein, “fibrosis” refers to the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue as a result of the excess deposition of extracellular matrix components, for example collagen. Fibrous connective tissue is characterised by having extracellular matrix (ECM) with a high collagen content. The collagen may be provided in strands or fibers, which may be arranged irregularly or aligned. The ECM of fibrous connective tissue may also include glycosaminoglycans.
  • As used herein, “excess fibrous connective tissue” refers to an amount of connective tissue at a given location (e.g. a given tissue or organ, or part of a given tissue or organ) which is greater than the amount of connective tissue present at that location in the absence of fibrosis, e.g. under normal, non-pathological conditions. As used herein, “excess deposition of ECM components” refers to a level of deposition of one or more ECM components which is greater than the level of deposition in the absence of fibrosis, e.g. under normal, non-pathological conditions.
  • The cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis are described in Wynn, J. Pathol. (2008) 214(2): 199-210, and Wynn and Ramalingam, Nature Medicine (2012) 18:1028-1040, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Damage to tissues can result from various stimuli, including infections, autoimmune reactions, toxins, radiation and mechanical injury. Repair typically involves replacement of injured cells by cells of the same type, and replacement of normal parenchymal tissue with connective tissue. Repair processes become pathogenic when they are not controlled properly, resulting in substantial deposition of ECM components in which normal tissue is replaced with permanent scar tissue. In diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular fibrosis, systemic sclerosis and nephritis, extensive tissue remodelling and fibrosis can ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
  • The main cellular effectors of fibrosis are myofibroblasts, which produce a collagen-rich ECM. In response to tissue injury, damaged cells and leukocytes produce pro-fibrotic factors such as TGFβ, IL-13 and PDGF, which activate fibroblasts to αSMA-expressing myofibroblasts, and recruit myofibroblasts to the site of injury. Myofibroblasts produce a large amount of ECM, and are important mediators in aiding contracture and closure of the wound. However, under conditions of persistent infection or during chronic inflammation there can be overactivation and recruitment of myofibroblasts, and thus over-production of ECM components, resulting in the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue.
  • Inflammatory reactions play an important part in triggering fibrosis in many different organ systems. Inflammation can lead to excess in deposition of ECM components in the affected tissues. Low-grade but persistent inflammation is also thought to contribute to the progression of fibrosis in cardiovascular disease and hypertension. In many fibrotic disorders, a persistent inflammatory trigger is crucial to upregulation of production of growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, angiogenic factors and fibrogenic cytokines, which stimulate the deposition of connective tissue elements that progressively remodel and destroy normal tissue architecture.
  • In some embodiments fibrosis may be triggered by pathological conditions, e.g. conditions, infections or disease states that lead to production of pro-fibrotic factors such as TGFβ1. In some embodiments, fibrosis may be caused by physical injury/stimuli, chemical injury/stimuli or environmental injury/stimuli. Physical injury/stimuli may occur during surgery, e.g. iatrogenic causes. Chemical injury/stimuli may include drug induced fibrosis, e.g. following chronic administration of drugs such as bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, amiodarone, procainamide, penicillamine, gold and nitrofurantoin (Daba et al., Saudi Med J 2004 June, 25(6): 700-6). Environmental injury/stimuli may include exposure to asbestos fibres or silica.
  • Fibrosis can be of any tissue/organ of the body. In some embodiments, fibrosis is of the heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, blood vessels, eye, skin, pancreas, bowel, small intestine, large intestine, colon, brain, or bone marrow. In some embodiments, the fibrosis is of the liver. In some embodiments, the fibrosis is of the heart, lung or kidney. Fibrosis may also occur in multiple tissues/organs at once.
  • Thus, the present invention provides methods and articles (agents and compositions) for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases characterised by fibrosis through inhibition of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Thus, in one aspect the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a disease characterised by fibrosis, comprising inhibiting at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Also provided is a method of treating or preventing a disease characterised by fibrosis, comprising administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to a subject. The method may comprise administering two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) inhibitors that target two or more (i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9) of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Also provided is an inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease characterised by fibrosis.
  • Also provided is the use of an inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in the manufacture of a medicament for use in a method of treating or preventing a disease characterised by fibrosis.
  • A “disease characterised by fibrosis” refers to a disease in which fibrosis and/or profibrotic processes are pathologically implicated. A “disease characterised by fibrosis” may be fibrosis, e.g. of any cell, tissue or organ.
  • Diseases characterised by fibrosis include but are not limited to: respiratory conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, progressive massive fibrosis, scleroderma, obliterative bronchiolitis, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, asbestosis, silicosis, chronic pulmonary hypertension, AIDS associated pulmonary hypertension, sarcoidosis, tumor stroma in lung disease, and asthma; chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), schistosomal liver disease, cardiovascular conditions such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), fibrosis of the atrium, atrial fibrillation, fibrosis of the ventricle, ventricular fibrillation, myocardial fibrosis, Brugada syndrome, myocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, fibrotic vascular disease, hypertensive heart disease, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), tubulointerstitial and glomerular fibrosis, atherosclerosis, varicose veins, cerebral infarcts; neurological conditions such as gliosis and Alzheimer's disease; muscular dystrophy such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker's muscular dystrophy (BMD); gastrointestinal conditions such as Crohn's disease, microscopic colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC); skin conditions such as scleroderma, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and cutis keloid; arthrofibrosis; Dupuytren's contracture; mediastinal fibrosis; retroperitoneal fibrosis; myelofibrosis; Peyronie's disease; adhesive capsulitis; kidney disease (e.g., renal fibrosis, nephritic syndrome, Alport's syndrome, HIV associated nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, Fabry's disease, diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, nephritis associated with systemic lupus); progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS); chronic graft versus host disease; diseases of the eye such as Grave's opthalmopathy, epiretinal fibrosis, retinal fibrosis, subretinal fibrosis (e.g. associated with macular degeneration (e.g. wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD)), diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, corneal fibrosis, post-surgical fibrosis (e.g. of the posterior capsule following cataract surgery, or of the bleb following trabeculectomy for glaucoma), conjunctival fibrosis, subconjunctival fibrosis; arthritis; fibrotic pre-neoplastic and fibrotic neoplastic disease; and fibrosis induced by chemical or environmental insult (e.g., cancer chemotherapy, pesticides, radiation/cancer radiotherapy).
  • It will be appreciated that many of the diseases/conditions recited in the preceding paragraph are interrelated. For example, fibrosis of the ventricle may occur post myocardial infarction, and is associated with DCM, HCM and myocarditis.
  • Fibrosis can lead directly or indirectly to, and/or increase susceptibility to development of, diseases. For example, more than 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) develop in fibrotic or cirrhotic livers (Affo et al. 2016, Annu Rev Pathol.), suggesting an important role for liver fibrosis in the premalignant environment (PME) of the liver.
  • Accordingly, the present invention also finds use in methods for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with fibrosis, and/or for which fibrosis is a risk factor. In some embodiments, the disease associated with fibrosis, or for which fibrosis is a risk factor, is a cancer, e.g. cancer of the liver (e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma).
  • In some embodiments, the fibrosis to be treated/prevented according to the present invention may be of fibrosis that is associated with an upregulation of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB expression and/or activity, e.g. in cells/tissue/an organ in which the fibrosis occurs or may occur.
  • The therapy may be effective to inhibit development (delay/prevent) of the fibrosis, or of progression (e.g. worsening) of the fibrosis. In some embodiments therapy may lead to an improvement in the disease, e.g. a reduction in the symptoms of fibrosis. Prevention of fibrosis may refer to prevention of a worsening of the condition or prevention of the development of fibrosis, e.g. preventing an early stage fibrosis (e.g. inflammation, steatosis, NAFLD) developing to a later stage (e.g. fibrosis, cirrhosis, HCC).
  • Aspects of the present invention are concerned with the treatment/prevention of diseases in which proinflammatory processes are pathologically implicated. Inflammation is reviewed e.g. in Chen et al., Oncotarget. (2018) 9(6): 7204-7218, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Inflammation refers to the bodily response to cellular/tissue injury, and is characterised by edema, erythema (redness), heat, pain, and loss of function (stiffness and immobility) resulting from local immune, vascular and inflammatory cell responses to infection or injury. The injury may result from e.g. of physical (e.g. mechanical) or chemical insult, trauma, infection, cancer or overactive/aberrant immune responses (e.g. autoimmune disease). Inflammation forms part of the innate immune response, and plays an important physiological role in wound healing and the control of infection, and contributes to the restoration of tissue homeostasis.
  • However, many diseases are associated with an overactive inflammatory response (i.e. excessive inflammation and/or aberrantly activated inflammation), and/or chronic (prolonged) inflammation. Herein, excessive and/or chronic inflammation may be referred to as “pathological inflammation”. Pathological inflammation may refer to inflammation which is implicated in (i.e. which positively contributes to) the pathology of a disease.
  • In some embodiments, the disease to be treated/prevented in accordance with the present invention is a disease characterised by chronic inflammation. In some embodiments, the disease to be treated/prevented is a disease characterised by an overactive inflammatory response.
  • In some embodiments, the treatment/prevention of chronic inflammation or an overactive inflammatory immune response associated with a chronic infection, cancer, autoimmune disease, degenerative disease or allergic disease is contemplated.
  • Pathological inflammation which is “associated with” a given disease (e.g. a chronic infection, a cancer, an autoimmune disease, a degenerative disease or an allergic disease) may refer to pathological inflammation caused by, initiated by and/or which is a consequence of the disease. Pathological inflammation associated with a given disease may be concurrent with the disease.
  • Chronic inflammation generally refers to inflammation lasting for prolonged periods of time, e.g. from months to years. Chronic inflammation can result e.g. from failure to properly control/eliminate an infectious agent causing inflammation (i.e. chronic infection), prolonged/repeated exposure to physical/chemical insult, prolonged/repeated exposure to an allergen (allergy), and autoimmune disease.
  • The chronic inflammation, overactive inflammatory immune response, chronic infection, cancer, autoimmune disease, degenerative disease or allergic disease may affect any tissue/organ of the body, e.g. the heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, blood vessels, eye, skin, pancreas, bowel, small intestine, large intestine, colon, brain, or bone marrow, or multiple tissues/organs at once.
  • An overactive inflammatory immune response generally refers to an inflammatory immune response that is excessive, and/or which has been activated inappropriately (i.e. an inflammatory immune response which is aberrant). An excessive inflammatory immune response refers to an inflammatory immune response which is greater than the response required for restoration of tissue homeostasis following injury to tissue (e.g. as a result of physical or chemical insult or infection). Aberrant inflammatory immune responses include inflammatory immune responses resulting from autoimmunity and allergy.
  • Chronic infections include persistent/unresolved infection by any infectious agent, e.g. chronic viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections. Chronic viral infections may be caused e.g. by infection with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), measles virus (MV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLVs), human herpesviruses (HHVs), herpes simplex viruses (HSVs), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), human papovaviruses (e.g. JC virus, BK virus), adenoviruses (AdVs), paroviruses or human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Chronic bacterial infections may be caused e.g. by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella Typhi, Treponema pallidum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Hemophilus influenza or Mycobacterium leprae. Chronic fungal infections may be caused e.g. by infection with Candida spp or Aspergillus. Chronic protozoal infections may be caused e.g. by infection with Plasmodium spp., Babesia spp., Giardia spp., Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp. or Toxoplasma spp.
  • A cancer may be any cancer. As used herein, cancers include any unwanted cell proliferation (or any disease manifesting itself by unwanted cell proliferation), neoplasm or tumor. The cancer may be benign or malignant and may be primary or secondary (metastatic). A neoplasm or tumor may be any abnormal growth or proliferation of cells and may be located in any tissue. The cancer may be of tissues/cells derived from e.g. the adrenal gland, adrenal medulla, anus, appendix, bladder, blood, bone, bone marrow, brain, breast, cecum, central nervous system (including or excluding the brain) cerebellum, cervix, colon, duodenum, endometrium, epithelial cells (e.g. renal epithelia), gallbladder, oesophagus, glial cells, heart, ileum, jejunum, kidney, lacrimal glad, larynx, liver, lung, lymph, lymph node, lymphoblast, maxilla, mediastinum, mesentery, myometrium, nasopharynx, omentum, oral cavity, ovary, pancreas, parotid gland, peripheral nervous system, peritoneum, pleura, prostate, salivary gland, sigmoid colon, skin, small intestine, soft tissues, spleen, stomach, testis, thymus, thyroid gland, tongue, tonsil, trachea, uterus, vulva, and/or white blood cells.
  • An autoimmune disease may be selected from: diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2, coeliac disease, Graves' disease, inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease), multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Degenerative diseases are characterised by deterioration of cell/tissue/organ condition or function over time. Proinflammatory and profibrotic processes are implicated in the pathology of many degenerative diseases.
  • Degenerative disease include e.g. Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cancers, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, cystic fibrosis, degenerative Leigh syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Friedreich's ataxia, frontotemporal dementia, cardiovascular diseases (e.g. atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (e.g. coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis), myocardial infarction, pulmonary arterial hypertension), Huntington's disease, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, keratoconus, keratoglobus, leukodystrophies, macular degeneration, Marfan's syndrome, mitochondrial myopathies, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, multiple sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, muscular dystrophies, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, Niemann-Pick disease, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, all prion diseases (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia etc.), progressive supranuclear palsy, retinitis pigmentosa, rheumatoid arthritis, Sandhoff Disease, spinal muscular atrophy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Tay-Sachs disease and vascular dementia.
  • An allergic disease may be selected from allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy and atopic dermatitis.
  • In some embodiments the chronic inflammation, overactive inflammatory immune response, chronic infection, cancer, autoimmune disease or allergic disease may be of: an organ of the cardiovascular system, e.g. of the heart or blood vessels; an organ of the gastrointestinal system, e.g. of the liver, bowel, small intestine, large intestine, colon, or pancreas; an organ of the respiratory system, e.g. the lung; the skin; an organ of the nervous system, e.g. the brain; an organ of the urinary system, e.g. the kidneys; or an organ of the musculoskeletal system, e.g. muscle tissue.
  • Pathological inflammation often leads to fibrosis—see e.g. Mack, Matrix Biol. (2018) 68-69:106-121 and Suthahar et al., Curr Heart Fail Rep. (2017) 14(4): 235-250, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • The present invention also finds use in methods for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with pathological inflammation, and/or for which pathological inflammation is a risk factor. In some embodiments, the disease associated with pathological inflammation, or for which pathological inflammation is a risk factor, is fibrosis or a disease characterised by fibrosis.
  • In some embodiments, the pathological inflammation to be treated/prevented according to the present invention may be of pathological inflammation that is associated with an upregulation of expression and/or activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, e.g. in cells/tissue/an organ in which the pathological inflammation occurs or may occur.
  • The therapy may be effective to inhibit development (delay/prevent) of the pathological inflammation, or of progression (e.g. worsening) of the pathological inflammation. In some embodiments therapy may lead to an improvement in the disease, e.g. a reduction in the symptoms of pathological inflammation. Prevention of pathological inflammation may refer to prevention of a worsening of the condition or prevention of the development of pathological inflammation, e.g. preventing an early stage pathological inflammation developing to a later stage.
  • Therapeutic/prophylactic intervention in accordance with the present invention may be employed in the context of additional treatment for the relevant disease. That is, expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may be inhibited in a subject (e.g. by treatment with a suitable inhibitor such as those described herein) that is also receiving/has received/will receive further therapeutic/prophylactic intervention for the treatment/prevention of the disease.
  • The experimental examples show that proliferation, expansion and regeneration of liver and lung cells/tissue can be achieved via inhibition of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, a method of treating and/or preventing a disease according to the present invention may comprise one or more of the following:
      • Reducing the level of gene/protein expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Reducing the level of activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB;
      • Reducing the level of a correlate of fibrosis (e.g. a collagen, αSMA, periostin, fibronectin, CTGF, vimentin or lumican);
      • Reducing gene/protein expression of a pro-fibrotic factor (e.g. a collagen, αSMA, periostin,
      • fibronectin, CTGF, vimentin or lumican);
      • Reducing the number/proportion of myofibroblasts;
      • Reducing the level of a correlate of pathological inflammation;
      • Reducing gene/protein expression of a pro-inflammatory factor;
      • Reducing the number/proportion of myofibroblasts;
      • Increasing the function of an organ/tissue affected by the disease;
      • Stimulating/increasing proliferation of a cell affected by the disease;
      • Stimulating/increasing expansion of a cell affected by the disease;
      • Stimulating/increasing regeneration of a cell affected by the disease;
      • Stimulating/increasing proliferation of a myoblast;
      • Stimulating/increasing expansion of a myoblast;
      • Stimulating/increasing regeneration of a myoblast;
      • Increasing the number/proportion of health myoblasts;
      • Stimulating/increasing regeneration of an organ/tissue affected by the disease;
      • Stimulating/increasing proliferation and/or expansion of a cell in an organ/tissue affected by the disease;
      • Stimulating/increasing proliferation and/or expansion of a hepatocyte, e.g. that is affected by the disease or that is in an organ/tissue affected by the disease;
      • Stimulating/increasing regeneration of liver tissue;
      • Stimulating/increasing regeneration of lung tissue;
      • Stimulating/increasing regeneration of the liver;
      • Stimulating/increasing regeneration of the lung;
      • Increasing function of an organ/tissue affected by the disease;
      • Increasing liver function;
      • Increasing lung function;
      • Increasing wound healing in an organ/tissue affected by the disease;
      • Increasing wound healing in liver tissue;
      • Increasing wound healing in lung tissue;
      • Protecting an organ/tissue affected by the disease;
      • Protecting a liver/liver tissue affected by the disease;
      • Protecting a lung/lung tissue affected by the disease;
      • Increasing the survival of a subject having the disease;
      • Reducing the number/proportion of macrophages in an organ/tissue affected by the disease; and/or
      • Reducing the number/proportion of monocytes in an organ/tissue affected by the disease;
  • Methods for Treating a Subject are Provided Herein.
  • The disclosure teaches a method of treating a condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to treat the condition or disease in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of treating a liver condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to treat the liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • A “gene associated with organ regeneration” as used herein may refer to one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB genes. A “corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration” as used herein may refer to an mRNA encoded by one or more genes above, or a MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB protein.
  • In one embodiment, a subject herein is suffering from a liver condition or disease, as described herein. The methods described herein may comprise preventing or treating the liver condition or disease.
  • In one embodiment, a subject herein is suffering from a lung condition or disease. The lung condition or disease may be a cigarette or viral-induced lung condition or disease. The lung condition or disease may be lung damage or fibrosis. The method may comprise preventing or treating the lung condition or disease.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of protecting a subject from liver damage or a disease associated with fibrosis, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to protect the subject from liver damage. The inhibitor may be one described herein. A gene/corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration may be one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Disclosed herein is an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for use in preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject. In one embodiment, the inhibitor is capable of stimulating or increasing proliferation of hepatocytes in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is the use of an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of enhancing cell function in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell function in the subject. “Enhancing cell function” refers to improving the endogenous activity of a cell, e.g. signalling, proliferation, expansion. Function of a cell may be enhanced starting from a healthy state, or from a diseased/impaired state.
  • The method may comprise improving the robustness of the cell under diseased condition. The term robustness refers to being able to survive under diseased condition.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of enhancing cell viability in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell viability in the subject, e.g. in inhibitor described herein.
  • The present disclosure teaches a method of stimulating or increasing proliferation and/or regeneration of a cell in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to stimulate or increase proliferation of the cell in the subject.
  • In one embodiment, the method further increases the robustness of the cell under diseased conditions in the subject.
  • In one embodiment, the gene associated with organ regeneration is identified by knocking down the gene in a hepatocyte of an animal model and detecting proliferation and/or regeneration of the hepatocyte in the animal model.
  • The gene associated with organ regeneration is selected from the group consisting of Microfibril Associated Protein 4 (Mfap4), Glyoxylate and Hydroxypyruvate Reductase (Grhpr), Integrin Alpha FG-GAP Repeat Containing 1 (Itfg1), ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (ABCC4), p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3 (PAK3), TMF1 regulated nuclear protein 1 (TRNP1), Apelin (APLN), Kindesin Family Member 20A (KIF20A) and Lymphotoxin beta (LTB).
  • A “gene product” is a biopolymeric product that is expressed or produced by a gene. A gene product may be, for example, an unspliced RNA, an mRNA, a splice variant mRNA, a polypeptide, a post-translationally modified polypeptide, a splice variant polypeptide etc. Also encompassed by this term is biopolymeric products that are made using an RNA gene product as a template (i.e. cDNA of the RNA). A gene product may be made enzymatically, recombinantly, chemically, or within a cell to which the gene is native. In many embodiments, if the gene product is proteinaceous, it exhibits a biological activity. In many embodiments, if the gene product is a nucleic acid, it can be translated into a proteinaceous gene product that exhibits a biological activity.
  • Disclosed herein is an in vitro or in vivo method for reducing gene and/or protein expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell, comprising introducing an inhibitor described herein into the cell. In some embodiments, the inhibitor is an inhibitory nucleic acid as described herein.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of regenerating liver tissue in vitro or in vivo, the method comprising inhibiting at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell of the tissue, e.g. using an inhibitor described herein.
  • Disclosed herein is a method for preventing age-dependent decline in the regenerative capacity of a hepatocyte, the method comprising inhibiting at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell of the tissue, e.g. using an inhibitor described herein.
  • The term “treating” as used herein may refer to (1) preventing or delaying the appearance of one or more symptoms of the disorder; (2) inhibiting the development of the disorder or one or more symptoms of the disorder; (3) relieving the disorder, i.e., causing regression of the disorder or at least one or more symptoms of the disorder; and/or (4) causing a decrease in the severity of one or more symptoms of the disorder. The term “treating” may refer to regeneration of the tissue/organ in question, or preventing a disease/condition from progressing to a later, more severe stage.
  • The term “administering” refers to contacting, applying, injecting, transfusing or providing an inhibitor as referred to herein to a subject.
  • The term “subject” as used throughout the specification is to be understood to mean a human or may be a domestic or companion animal. While it is particularly contemplated that the methods of the invention are for treatment of humans, they are also applicable to veterinary treatments, including treatment of companion animals such as dogs and cats, and domestic animals such as horses, cattle and sheep, or zoo animals such as primates, felids, canids, bovids, and ungulates. The “subject” may include a person, a patient or individual, and may be of any age or gender.
  • The patient may have a disease described herein. A subject may have been diagnosed with a disease requiring treatment, may be suspected of having such a disease, or may be at risk from developing a disease.
  • In embodiments according to the present invention the subject is preferably a human subject. In embodiments according to the present invention, a subject may be selected for treatment according to the methods based on characterisation for certain markers of a disease described herein.
  • In some embodiments, any method disclosed herein comprises administering an inhibitor according to the present disclosure into a subject, organ, tissue or cell. The organ, tissue or cell may be in vivo or in vitro. Any method described herein may be performed in vivo or in vitro.
  • Aspects and embodiments of the present invention concern detection of expression of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (gene and/or protein expression) and/or activity in a cell/tissue/organ of a subject, e.g. as determined by analysis of a cell/tissue/organ of a subject, e.g. in a sample obtained from the subject (such as an in vitro cell/tissue/organ/sample).
  • Disclosed herein is a method of detecting a liver condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising detecting in a sample the level of one or more biomarkers associated with liver regeneration, wherein a change in the level of the one or more biomarkers as compared to a reference indicates that the subject is suffering from a liver condition or disease. The one or more biomarkers may be one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • Upregulated expression and/or activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may identify a subject as a subject to be treated with an inhibitor of at least one of those genes/proteins in accordance with the present invention.
  • Upregulated expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB refers to a level of expression/activity that is greater than would be expected for a cell/tissue of a given type. Gene or protein expression and activity can be analysed as described herein.
  • Upregulation may be determined by measuring the level of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a cell/tissue. Comparison may be made between the level of expression/activity in a cell or tissue sample from a subject and a reference level of expression/activity, e.g. a value/range of values representing a normal level of expression/activity for the same or corresponding cell/tissue type. In some embodiments reference levels may be determined by detecting expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB in a control sample, e.g. in corresponding cells or tissue from a healthy subject or from healthy tissue of the same subject. In some embodiments reference levels may be obtained from a standard curve or data set.
  • A sample obtained from a subject may be of any kind. A biological sample may be taken from any tissue or bodily fluid, e.g. a blood sample, blood-derived sample, serum sample, lymph sample, semen sample, saliva sample, synovial fluid sample. A blood-derived sample may be a selected fraction of a patient's blood, e.g. a selected cell-containing fraction or a plasma or serum fraction. A sample may comprise a tissue sample or biopsy; or cells isolated from a subject. Samples may be collected by known techniques, such as biopsy or needle aspirate. Samples may be stored and/or processed for subsequent determination of the level of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • In some preferred embodiments a sample may be a tissue sample, e.g. biopsy, taken from a tissue/organ affected by a disease described herein. A sample may contain cells.
  • A subject may be selected for therapy/prophylaxis in accordance with the present invention based on determination that the subject has an upregulated level of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB. Upregulated expression/activity of said genes/proteins may serve as a marker of a disease suitable for treatment in accordance with the present invention.
  • Following selection, a subject may be treated to inhibit expression and/or activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, e.g. by administration of an inhibitor of at least one of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. that has an upregulated level of expression/activity).
  • Detection of upregulation of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may also be used in a method of diagnosing a disease described herein, identifying a subject at risk of developing a disease described herein, and in methods of prognosing a subject's response to inhibition of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB (e.g. via treatment with an inhibitor targeting one or more of said genes/proteins).
  • In some embodiments a subject may be suspected of having or suffering from a disease, e.g. based on the presence of other symptoms indicative of the disease in the subject's body or in selected cells/tissues of the subject's body, or be considered at risk of developing the disease, e.g. because of genetic predisposition or exposure to environmental conditions, known to be risk factors for the disease. Determination of upregulation of expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB may confirm a diagnosis or suspected diagnosis, or may confirm that the subject is at risk of developing the disease. The determination may also diagnose a disease or predisposition as one suitable for treatment with an inhibitor of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • As such, a method of providing a prognosis for a subject having, or suspected of having a disease may be provided, the method comprising determining whether expression/activity of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB is upregulated in a sample obtained from the subject and, based on the determination, providing a prognosis for treatment of the subject with a inhibitor of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB.
  • The method may further comprise the step of selecting the subject for treatment with an inhibitor of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB, and/or administering an inhibitor of one or more of MFAP4, GRHPR, ITFG1, ABCC4, PAK3, TRNP1, APLN, KIF20A, and/or LTB to the subject in order to provide a treatment for a disease described herein in the subject or to prevent development or progression of a disease described herein in the subject.
  • Methods of diagnosis or prognosis may be performed in vitro on a sample obtained from a subject, or following processing of a sample obtained from a subject. Once the sample is collected, the patient is not required to be present for the in vitro method of diagnosis or prognosis to be performed and therefore the method may be one which is not practised on the human or animal body. The sample obtained from a subject may be of any kind, as described herein above.
  • Other diagnostic or prognostic tests may be used in conjunction with those described here to enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis or prognosis or to confirm a result obtained using the tests described herein.
  • The terms “therapeutically effective amount” and “effective amount” are used interchangeably and refer to an amount of a compound that is sufficient to effect treatment as defined below, when administered to a patient (e.g., a human) in need of such treatment in one or more doses. The therapeutically effective amount will vary depending upon the patient, the disease being treated, the weight and/or age of the patient, the severity of the disease, the nature of the agent, or the manner of administration as determined by a qualified prescriber or care giver. Examples of the techniques and protocols mentioned above can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20th Edition, 2000, pub. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
  • Multiple doses of the agent may be provided. One or more, or each, of the doses may be accompanied by simultaneous or sequential administration of another therapeutic agent.
  • Multiple doses may be separated by a predetermined time interval, which may be selected to be one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, or 31 days, or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 months. By way of example, doses may be given once every 7, 14, 21 or 28 days (plus or minus 3, 2, or 1 days).
  • In therapeutic applications, inhibitors for use as described herein are preferably formulated as a medicament or pharmaceutical together with one or more other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients well known to those skilled in the art, including, but not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, diluents, fillers, buffers, preservatives, anti-oxidants, lubricants, stabilisers, solubilisers, surfactants (e.g., wetting agents), masking agents, colouring agents, flavouring agents, and sweetening agents.
  • As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes excipients or agents such as solvents, diluents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like that are not deleterious to the disclosed compound or use thereof. The use of such carriers and agents to prepare compositions of pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art (see, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mace Publishing Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 17th Ed. (1985); and Modern Pharmaceutics, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 3rd Ed. (G. S. Banker & C. T. Rhodes, Eds.). Each carrier, adjuvant, excipient, etc. must also be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation.
  • Suitable carriers, adjuvants, excipients, etc. can be found in standard pharmaceutical texts, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1990; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 2nd edition, 1994.
  • The formulations may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active compound with a carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active compound with carriers (e.g., liquid carriers, finely divided solid carrier, etc.), and then shaping the product, if necessary.
  • The formulations may be prepared for topical, parenteral, systemic, intravenous, intra-arterial, intramuscular, intrathecal, intraocular, intra-conjunctival, subcutaneous, oral or transdermal routes of administration which may include injection. Injectable formulations may comprise the selected agent in a sterile or isotonic medium. The formulation and mode of administration may be selected according to the agent and disease to be treated/prevented.
  • Disclosed herein is a method of screening for an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration by: a) contacting the gene or corresponding gene product with a chemical compound library, and b) identifying a chemical compound within the library that is binds to the gene or corresponding gene product to inhibit the expression or function of the gene or corresponding gene product.
  • Also provided herein are reporter cells lines for screening of small compound inhibitors for a gene or corresponding gene product associated with cell regeneration.
  • Numbered Paragraphs
  • 1. A method of stimulating or increasing proliferation and/or regeneration of a cell in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to stimulate or increase proliferation of the cell in the subject.
  • 2. The method of paragraph 1, wherein the method increases the robustness of the cell under diseased conditions in the subject.
  • 3. The method of paragraph 1, wherein the gene associated with organ regeneration is identified by knocking down the gene in a hepatocyte of an animal model and detecting proliferation and/or regeneration of the hepatocyte in the animal model.
  • 4. The method of paragraph 2, wherein the gene associated with organ regeneration is selected from the group consisting of Microfibril Associated Protein 4 (Mfap4), Glyoxylate and Hydroxypyruvate Reductase (Grhpr), Integrin Alpha FG-GAP Repeat Containing 1 (Itfg1), ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (ABCC4), p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3 (PAK3), TMF1 regulated nuclear protein 1 (TRNP1), Apelin (APLN), Kindesin Family Member 20A (KIF20A) and Lymphotoxin beta (LTB).
  • 5. The method of paragraph 1, wherein the inhibitor is a nucleic acid, peptide, antibody or small molecule inhibitor.
  • 6. The method of paragraph 5, wherein the inhibitor is a nucleic acid inhibitor comprising or encoding an RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 under stringency conditions.
  • 7. The method of paragraph 1, wherein the subject is suffering from a liver condition or disease.
  • 8. The method of paragraph 7, wherein the liver condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis and liver damage.
  • 9. The method of paragraph 7, wherein the method comprises preventing or treating the liver condition or disease.
  • 10. A method of enhancing cell function in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell function in the subject.
  • 11. The method of paragraph 10, wherein the method comprises improving the robustness of the cell under diseased condition.
  • 12. A method of enhancing cell viability in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to enhance cell viability in the subject.
  • 13. A method of treating a liver condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to treat the liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • 14. A method of protecting a subject from liver damage, the method comprising administering to the subject an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for a sufficient time and under conditions to protect the subject from liver damage.
  • 15. A method of detecting a liver condition or disease in a subject, the method comprising detecting in a sample the level of one or more biomarkers associated with liver regeneration, wherein a change in the level of the one or more biomarkers as compared to a reference indicates that the subject is suffering from a liver condition or disease.
  • 16. An inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration for use in preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • 17. The inhibitor of paragraph 16, wherein the liver condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) hepatitis or liver damage.
  • 18. The inhibitor of paragraph 17, wherein the inhibitor is capable of stimulating or increasing proliferation of hepatocytes in the subject.
  • 19. Use of an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a liver condition or disease in the subject.
  • 20. The use of paragraph 19, wherein the liver condition or disease is selected from the group consisting of acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) hepatitis or liver damage.
  • 21. The use of paragraph 19, wherein the inhibitor is capable of stimulating or increasing proliferation of hepatocytes in the subject.
  • 22. A nucleic acid inhibitor consisting, comprising or encoding an RNAi agent having at least 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% sequence identity to an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 or an RNAi agent that hybridizes to the complement of an RNA sequence listed in any of Tables 1-14 under stringency conditions.
  • 23. A method of screening for an inhibitor of a gene or corresponding gene product associated with organ regeneration by: a) contacting the gene or corresponding gene product with a chemical compound library, and b) identifying a chemical compound within the library that is binds to the gene or corresponding gene product to inhibit the expression or function of the gene or corresponding gene product.
  • The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or in the following claims, or in the accompanying drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed function, or a method or process for obtaining the disclosed results, as appropriate, may, separately, or in any combination of such features, be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.
  • Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention described herein is susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the invention includes all such variations and modifications which fall within the spirit and scope. The invention also includes all of the steps, features, compositions and compounds referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and any and all combinations of any two or more of said steps or features.
  • For the avoidance of any doubt, any theoretical explanations provided herein are provided for the purposes of improving the understanding of a reader. The inventors do not wish to be bound by any of these theoretical explanations.
  • Any section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.
  • As used in this application, the singular form “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “an agent” includes a plurality of agents, including mixtures thereof. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by the use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. The term “about” in relation to a numerical value is optional and means for example +/−10%.
  • Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, and variations such as “comprises” and “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
  • The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavor to which this specification relates.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the following figures and examples which are intended for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the generality hereinbefore described. Further aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All documents mentioned in this text are incorporated herein by reference.
  • For standard molecular biology techniques, see Sambrook, J., Russel, D. W. Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual. 3 ed. 2001, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • SUMMARY OF THE FIGURES
  • Embodiments and experiments illustrating the principles of the invention will now be discussed, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying figures in which:
  • FIG. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D. Functional genetic in vivo RNAi screen for modulators of liver regeneration FIG. 1A) Outline of screen. A library of 250 shRNAs targeting 89 genes was delivered to the liver by hydrodynamic-tail vine injection (HDTV) of the transposon based construct (upper panel) in combination with a sleeping beauty 13 (SB13) encoding plasmid (5 independent mice). After stable integration in ˜5 to 10% of hepatocytes, thioacetamide (TAA) treatment (3 times per week for 8 weeks) induces chronic liver damage associated with advanced liver fibrosis. Changes in shRNA abundance is detected by deep sequencing. FIG. 1B) Representation of fold change for each shRNA. The majority of shRNAs is depleted but a small number is clearly enriched. FIG. 1C) ROMAampl-library (250 shRNAs) distribution. Abundance of potential candidates is shown. Heatmap based representation of enrichment (dark grey) or depletion (light grey) for each animal. Upper panel shows all shRNAs (each raw represents one animal). Lower panel represents a higher magnification for highly significant enriched, depleted and neutral shRNAs (each column represents one animal). FIG. 1D) Functional genetic screen identifies high confidence candidates (zoom in of FIG. 1 B) is shown). At least two independent shRNAs were enriched targeting Mfap4, Grhpr, and Itfg1. Furthermore, non-targeting control (shNC) shRNAs (Renilla.713 and Luciferase.1309) did not show significant enrichment or depletion and known important liver regeneration genes are depleted, whereas shRNAs targeting the c-Met an essential receptor for liver regeneration are depleted. These results give confidence in the screening approach.
  • FIG. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G: In vitro validation of targeting Mfap4 for enhancing regeneration—shRNA mediated knockdown of Mfap4 accelerates proliferation rate in embryonic liver cell line FIG. 2A) Test of knockdown efficiency of top scoring shRNAs targeting Mfap4. Upper panel, retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines. Lower panel, Western blot showing efficient knockdown of Mfap4 by our shRNAs (control: aTub=α-TUBULIN). FIG. 2B) Schematic outline for stable cell line based assays. FIG. 2C) Wound healing assay in TIB 73 (BNLCL.2) cell line. Stable cell lines were grown to full confluence, then the silicon gasket was removed leaving a defined cell free area. Filling of this “wound” gap was monitored. In the left panels representative images for each group are shown. Three technical replicates were performed. On the right panel the quantification over different time points is shown (Data was analyzed by ImageJ software and 2-way ANOVA test of GraphPad Prism software). Significant difference between shMfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NO: 1), shMfap4.760 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and shNC is shown by ‘*’). FIG. 2D) EdU incorporation assay. DNA synthesis of TIB 73 cells (BNLCL.2) transfected with shMfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and shNC was assessed by EdU assays. Quantification shows significant difference between experiment and control. Three technical replicates were performed. FIG. 2E) Cell doubling. Doubling time assay results are shown. Cells were seeded at same seeding densities. Doubling time was calculated based on the exponential phase of the growth curve. Three technical replicates were performed. FIG. 2F) Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry using the Guava Muse Cell Analyzer. Shown is the percentage of cells in the indicated cell cycle phase. Greater amount of cells in G2 phase is indicated in case of experiment (cells with stable Mfap4 knockdown by shMfap4.1356 and shMfap4.760) compared to control NC. FIG. 2G) Wound healing assay using adult liver mouse cell line AML12. Left panel, the same effects were observed as in FIG. 2C). Right panel. quantification of FIG. 2A) shows significantly faster wound closure already at the 14 h time-point.
  • FIG. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F: Mfap4 knockdown accelerates liver repopulation FIG. 3A) FAH knockout mice based liver repopulation assay. Upper panel shows the outline of the transposon based vector for the expression of the enzyme FAH, the marker GFP and the shRNA of interest. Lower panel shows the outline and rational for the assay. If the knockdown of a certain shRNA is able to enhance regeneration and accelerate hepatocyte proliferation, we should be able to see a faster clonal expansion compared to a control shRNA starting from the stably integrated hepatocytes. FIG. 3B) GFP imager images. GFP imaging of explanted mouse livers shows enhanced clonal expansion (repopulation) of hepatocytes stably expressing shMfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NO: 1) compared to hepatocytes expressing shNC (day 18 after HDTV injection of 25 μg of the indicated plasmid). Representative photographs are shown for each group (n=8 in group with shMfap4.1356, n=6 in group with shMfap4.760, n=6 in group with shNC). Light, white points represent GFP positive macroscopically visible clonal expansions. FIG. 3C) Native GFP on tissue sections. Shown are representative GFP fluorescence photographs of liver sections (200×) of FAH−/− mice 18 days after in vivo delivery of transposon constructs either expressing shMfap4 or a control shRNA corresponding to B). FIG. 3D) Histological analysis (immunostaining against GFP) for GFP-positive cells of mouse livers with stable expression of shMfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NO: 1), shMfap4.760 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and shNC (shown are representative photographs, n=8 in group with shMfap4.1356, n=6 in group with shMfap4.760, n=6 in group with shNC). Day 18 after HDTV injection of 1.25 μg of the indicated plasmid (200× magnification). Increased clonal expansion can be seen for shMfap4. FIG. 3E) Quantification of GFP-positive cells (corresponding to FIG. 3D) shows significant increase in GFP positive hepatocytes in case of Mfap4 knockdown compared to control. Each dot represents one animal. FIG. 3F) Kaplan-Meier survival curve of FAH−/− mice injected with a 1:30 (0.83 μg plasmid and 0.17 mg SB13) dilution of either p/T-FAHIG-shMfap4.1356 (n=5) or p/T-FAHIG-shNC (n=5) and SB13 (p<0.05). NTBC off indicates the time of NTBC drug removal, inducing the selection process (1 day post injection).
  • FIG. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G, 4H: “Western Diet” (WD) mouse fatty liver model FIG. 4A) WD+fructose Diet facts. The used diet is rich in fat and carbohydrates. 45% energy comes from fat, predominantly saturated fat, with 0.2% cholesterol. In addition, the animals get 60% fructose/water (wt/vol). FIG. 4B) Pathological evaluation. Histological slides of liver tissue form C56B16 mice exposed for the indicated time to the “Western Diet” or normal chow were evaluated and scored by a certified pathologist. Shown are the scoring results for steatosis and fibrosis. Each point represents an animal. FIG. 4C) Mice on “Western Diet” show a progressive weight gain independent of gender. FIG. 4D) WD model shows progressive fibrosis similar to human patients (see FIG. 4E). FIG. 4E) Progressive increase in fibrosis in human patients based and disease stage, similar to the mouse model (FIGS. 4D & 4B). FIG. 4F). Advanced liver fibrosis can already macroscopically be detected after 24 weeks of WD (representative image). FIG. 4G) After 24 weeks of WD mouse liver show high levels of steatosis (H&E stained liver tissue, representative image). FIG. 4H) Sirius Red staining for collagen fibers indicating advanced fibrosis after 24 weeks of WD exposure.
  • FIG. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E, 5F: Mfap4 knockdown attenuates NASH related liver fibrosis FIG. 5A) Experimental outline. FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months, so that every hepatocyte in the liver expresses the shRNA construct of interest. After full repopulation was reached mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” (high fat diet and 60% fructose) for 24 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed. FIG. 5B) Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible. FIG. 5C) Picro Sirius Red staining (staining for fibrotic scar tissue) and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining on sections of indicated repopulated mouse livers (n=5 per experimental group and n=7 per control group; representative sections are shown, 50× magnification). FIG. 5D) The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental group. Fibrosis score is significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. FIG. 5E) The score of oval cell hyperplasia is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental group. The score is significantly lower (=0) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Oval cell hyperplasia is considered a compensatory mechanism, if regeneration through hepatocytes is not sufficient anymore. FIG. 5F) Representative GFP-scanner macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Strong GFP signal on the surface of the livers indicates full repopulation.
  • FIG. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D: Mfap4 knockdown attenuates chronic liver damage related liver fibrosis FIG. 6A) Experimental outline. FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed. FIG. 6B) Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible. FIG. 6C) Picro Sirius Red staining (staining for fibrotic scar tissue) and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining on sections of indicated repopulated mouse livers (n=6 per experimental group and n=7 per control group; representative sections are shown, 50× magnification). FIG. 6D) The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental groups. Fibrosis score is significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group.
  • FIG. 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H, 7I, 7J: Mfap4 knockdown accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) FIG. 7A) Experimental outline. FRGN were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. FRGN mice are FAH−/−, Rag2−/−, II2rg−/− on a NOD background and are immune compromised. After full repopulation of mouse liver, ⅔ of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested 48 h after surgery. FIG. 7B) Representative photographs of Ki67 immunofluorescence stained (top row) and DAB Ki67-stained (bottom row) liver sections 48 h post hepatectomy are shown (200× magnification, n=5 per experimental/control group). FIG. 7C) Quantification of Ki67 positive cells of DAB-stained liver sections (corresponding to FIG. 7B)) show increased hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy in shMfap4-expressing livers compared to shNC livers (individual points represent individual animals, data shows average±SEM, n=5 per group). FIG. 7D) Western blot analyses for cyclin A (nuclear extracts from repopulated mouse livers at the indicated time point) indicate an earlier cell-cycle entry and faster cell-cycle progression of shMfap4-expressing mouse livers (n=2). FIG. 7E) Experimental outline. Immune-competent FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that ⅔ of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested 42 h and 48 h after surgery. FIG. 7F) Representative photographs of DAB Ki67-stained liver sections 42 h (n=5 per experimental group, n=6 per control group) and 48 h (n=5 per experimental group, n=10 per control group) post hepatectomy are shown (200× magnification). FIG. 7G) Quantification of Ki67 positive cells of DAB-stained liver sections (corresponding to FIG. 7B)) show increased hepatocyte proliferation and accelerated liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in shMfap4-expressing livers compared to shNC livers (individual points represent individual animals, data shows average±SEM). FIG. 7H) Western blot analyses for cyclin E (nuclear extracts from repopulated mouse livers at the indicated time point) indicate an earlier cell-cycle entry and faster cell-cycle progression of shMfap4-expressing mouse livers (n=2). FIG. 7I) GFP-imaging of fully repopulated FAH−/− livers (3 months post-HDTV injections) after ⅔ surgical partial removal of livers corresponding to different time-points of PHx. Strong GFP signal on the surface of the livers indicates full repopulation. FIG. 7J) Representative pictures of DAB GFP staining which show that full repopulation of FAH livers is around 90-95%. Dark brown zones represent repopulated hepatocytes, light brow zones are non-repopulated.
  • FIG. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E, 8F, 8G, 8H, 8I, 8J, 8K: In vivo knockdown of Mfap4 impacts mTOR and p38 signalling FIG. 8A) Schematic outline of experiment. Whole-cell protein extracts from repopulated mouse livers were isolated and analyzed by protein array. FIG. 8B) Heat map shows results for phospho-antibody MAPK pathway protein array. Whole-cell protein extracts from repopulated mouse livers with stable expression of either shMfap4 or shNC were analyzed (shown is the relative spot intensity). FIG. 8C) According to STRING database, all indicated proteins are interacting and are linked to cell growth and proliferation. FIG. 8D) After performing a broad protein array focused Western blot experiments were done. Results of Western blot are shown here. Proteins from fully repopulated livers were isolated. P-P70S6k, p-p38, p-mTOR, p-ERK2 are greater expressed in case of Mfap4 knockdown compare to control and, thus, show stronger activation in case of Mfap4 knockdown compared to control. There are 3 biological replicates in experiment and 3 biological replicates in control. FIG. 8E) Schematic representation for mTOR mediated regulation. The specific mTOR phosphorylation is upstream of p70S6k activation and leads to enforced translation. FIG. 8F Wound healing under double knockdown conditions. Based on pathway analysis double knockout experiments were commenced. Our stable cell line was expanded, cells were treated with respective siRNAs and the silicon gasket was removed. Wound healing was monitored. Slower growth and migration were observed in case of double-knockdown of Mfap4 and p70S6k and Mfap4 and p38. FIG. 8G) Western blot on proteins from cells in FIG. 8F were isolated. Interestingly p38 knockdown also affects p70S6k. FIG. 8H) Schematic outline of preparation of stable cell line with Mfap4 knockdown for transcriptomic analysis. FIG. 8I) Principal component analysis for AML12-shMfap4.1356, AML12-shMfap4.760, AML12-shNC, (Rb88-RMA050 & Ren_RMA061) and AML12 (AML_RMA052) is shown. We observed cluster separation between experiment and control. FIG. 8J) Heatmap of the following samples is shown. Ptgs2, Areg, Dhrs9, Hmox1, Nqo1 are upregulated in experimental samples compared to control and these genes are known to be involved in liver regeneration according to the literature. FIG. 8K) String Database shows connections between proteins which are upregulated according to FIGS. 8D and 8J.
  • FIG. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 9F, 9G, 9H, 9I, 9J, 9K, 9L, 9M, 9N, 9O: Mfap4 effect is conserved in human cells FIG. 9A) shRNAs were identified that efficiently targeting human Mfap4. Knockdown test by Western blot analysis using whole-cell lysates. HepG2 cells with stable expression of indicated shRNAs targeting human Mfap4 were generated by retroviral infection and selection. Tubulin serves as a loading control. FIG. 9B) EdU incorporation assay. DNA synthesis of HepG2 cells transfected with hushMfap4 and shNC was assessed by EdU assays. Quantification shows significant difference between experiment and control. FIG. 9C-9E) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from −150 patients shows increased Mfap4 expression in NAFLD patients with cirrhosis and fibrosis 4 score (Table: boxes indicate disease stages with significant change, but less than log 2 2 fold change; grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p,0.005). FIG. 9F) Human tissue samples from healthy and cirrhotic liver was stained for Mfap4 protein (Mfap4 specific antibody & DAB staining). On the left side healthy liver tissue was stained without primary antibody as a control. In the middle, the staining of healthy liver indicates hepatocytes are slightly positive for Mfap4. Interestingly we also see some nuclear staining. Right panel shows staining of cirrhotic human liver. Human hepatocytes show strong staining in cytoplasm as well as nuclear staining. On the left side of the cirrhotic liver fibrotic scar tissue can be seen and is highly positive for Mfap4. FIG. 9G) Knockdown test of human MFAP4 siRNA pool. Western blot analysis of protein extracts from immortalized human hepatocytes (Creative Bioarray CSC-19016L) either treated with si huMFAP4 or siNC., α-Tubulin serves as loading control (n=3). FIG. 9H) EdU incorporation assay shows greater number of EdU-positive cells in experiment compared to control. FIG. 91 ) EdU incorporation assay (3 technical replicates). Shown is the value of % EdU positive cells±SEM. Immortalized human hepatocytes were either treated with siRNA targeting human MFAP4 or siNC as control (*p<0.05). FIG. 9J) Scheme of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines. FIG. 9K) Representative GFP pictures of immortalized Human Hepatocytes (Creative Bioarray CSC-19016L) with stable integration of shRNAs against human Mfap4. FIG. 9L) qPCR analysis showing efficient knockdown of huMfap4 by two shRNAs—hu shMfap4.1812 (SEQ ID NO: 7100) and hu shMfap4.1602 (7097) compared to non-targeting control. FIG. 9M) Western blot showing efficient knockdown of human Mfap4 by two independent shRNAs in immortalized human hepatocytes-SV40. FIG. 9N) Mfap4 knockdown in human immortalized hepatocytes accelerates wound healing. Wound healing assay using immortalized human hepatocytes with stable expression of shhuMFAP4.1602 or shNC respectively. Cells were grown to full confluence, then the silicon gasket was removed leaving a defined cell free area (0 h). Filling of this “wound” gap was monitored (48 h; n=3 for each condition). FIG. 9O) Quantification of L), wound healing area (n=3; *p<0.05, ns=non-significant).
  • FIG. 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D: In vitro validation of targeting Grhpr for enhancing regeneration FIG. 10A) Outline of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines. FIG. 10B) Test of knockdown efficiency of top scoring shRNAs targeting Grhpr. Western blot showing efficient knockdown of Grhpr by our shRNAs (Alpha-tubulin, αTub functions as loading control). FIG. 10C) Wound healing assay. Stable cell lines were grown to full confluence, then the silicon gasket was removed leaving a defined cell free area. Filling of this “wound” gap was monitored. Representative images for each group are shown. FIG. 10D) Quantification over different time points of wound healing assay is shown (Data was analyzed by ImageJ software and 2-way ANOVA test of GraphPad Prism software. Significant difference between shGrhpr361 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and shNC is shown by ‘*’).
  • FIG. 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E, 11F, 11G: Grhpr knockdown accelerates liver repopulation FIG. 11A) Outline shows the transposon based vector for the expression of the enzyme FAH, the marker GFP and the shRNA of interest. FIG. 11B) FAH knockout mice based liver repopulation assay. Outline shows the rational for the assay. If the knockdown of a certain shRNA is able to enhance regeneration and accelerate hepatocyte proliferation, we should be able to see a faster clonal expansion compared to a control shRNA starting from the stably integrated hepatocytes. FIG. 11C) GFP imager images. GFP imaging of explanted mouse livers shows enhanced clonal expansion (repopulation) of hepatocytes stably expressing shGrhpr.361 (SEQ ID NO: 3) compared to hepatocytes expressing shNC (day 18 after HDTV injection of 25 μg of the indicated plasmid). Representative photographs are shown for each group (n=5). Light, white points represent GFP positive macroscopically visible clonal expansions. FIG. 11D) Native GFP on tissue sections. Shown are representative GFP fluorescence photographs of liver sections (200×) of FAH−/− mice 18 days after in vivo delivery of transposon constructs either expressing shGrhpr or a control shRNA corresponding to C). FIG. 11E) Histological analysis (immunostaining against GFP) for GFP-positive cells of mouse livers with stable expression of shGrhpr.361 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and shNC (shown are representative photographs, n=5 in group with shGrhpr.361, n=5 in group with shNC). Day 18 after HDTV injection of 1.25 μg of the indicated plasmid (200× magnification). Increased clonal expansion can be seen for shMfap4. FIG. 11F) Quantification of GFP-positive cells (corresponding to E)) shows significant increase in GFP positive hepatocytes in case of Mfap4 knockdown compared to control. Each dot represents one animal. FIG. 11G) Survival curve with dilution of constructs (1:30) as 0.83 μg plasmid and 0.17 mg SB13. All experimental mice with shGrhpr constructs (n=5) survived whereas control mice died (n=5).
  • FIG. 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D: Grhpr knockdown accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy FIG. 12A) Experimental outline. FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that ⅔ of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested at different time points after surgery. FIG. 12B) Representative photographs of Ki67 DAB-stained liver sections (200× magnification) at 24 hours' (n=5 per group), 38 hours' (n=6 per group), 48 hours' (n=9 per group) time points after partial hepatectomy. Earlier and increased hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy in shGrhpr-expressing livers compared to shNC livers can be seen. FIG. 12C) Quantification of Ki67 positive cells of DAB-stained liver sections (corresponding to B)) show earlier and increased hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy in shGrhpr-expressing livers compared to shNC livers (individual points represent individual animals, data shows average±SEM). FIG. 12D) Schematic representation of peak shifting of mitotic cycle in case of Grhpr knockdown compare to control shNC (corresponding to C)).
  • FIG. 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D: Grhpr knockdown attenuates chronic liver damage related liver fibrosis FIG. 13A) Experimental outline. FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed. FIG. 13B) Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible. FIG. 13C) Sirius Red staining (staining for fibrotic scar tissue) and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining on sections of indicated repopulated mouse livers (n=5 per each group, 50× magnification). FIG. 13D) The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental groups.
  • FIG. 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D: Grhpr knockdown does not protect against NASH related liver fibrosis FIG. 14A) Experimental outline. FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After full repopulation was reached mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” (high fat diet and 60% fructose) for 24 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed. FIG. 14B) Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. FIG. 14C) Sirius Red staining (staining for fibrotic scar tissue) and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining on sections of indicated repopulated mouse livers (n=6 per experimental group and n=7 per control group; representative sections are shown, 50× magnification). FIG. 14D) The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental group.
  • FIG. 15A, 15B, 15C: Grhpr expression changes in human NAFLD A) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ˜150 patients shows slight but significant decrease in Grhpr expression in NASH patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Consistent with this we detected a significant reduction in patients with fibrosis 3 and 4 score (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D, 16E, 16F, 16G, 16H: Itfg1 knockdown accelerates wound healing and liver repopulation FIG. 16A) Outline of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines. FIG. 16B) Test of knockdown efficiency of top scoring shRNAs targeting Itfg1. qPCR analysis and Western blot analysis show efficient knockdown of Itfg1 by our shRNAs. FIG. 16C) Itfg1 knockdown accelerates wound healing in vitro. Stable cell lines were grown to full confluence, then the silicon gasket was removed leaving a defined cell free area. Filling of this “wound” gap was monitored. Representative images are shown in upper part. Quantification over different time points of wound healing assay is shown (lower part, Data was analyzed by ImageJ software and 2-way ANOVA test of GraphPrizm software. Significant difference between shltfg1.698 (SEQ ID NO: 6), shltfg1.680 (SEQ ID NO: 7) and shNC is shown by ‘*’). FIG. 16D) Outline shows the transposon-based vector for the expression of the enzyme FAH, the marker GFP and the shRNA of interest (upper panel). Lower panel shows FAH knockout mice based liver repopulation assay. Outline shows the rational for the assay. If the knockdown of a certain shRNA is able to enhance regeneration and accelerate hepatocyte proliferation, we should be able to see a faster clonal expansion compared to a control shRNA starting from the stably integrated hepatocytes. FIG. 16E) GFP imager images. GFP imaging of explanted mouse livers shows enhanced clonal expansion (repopulation) of hepatocytes stably expressing shltfg1 compared to hepatocytes expressing shNC (day 18 after HDTV injection of 1.25 μg of the indicated plasmid; representative photographs are shown; n=8 per experimental group with knockdown by shltfg1.698, n=6 per experimental group with knockdown by shltfg1.680, and n=6 per control group). Light, white points represent GFP positive macroscopically visible clonal expansions. FIG. 16F) Histological analysis (immunostaining against GFP) for GFP-positive cells of mouse livers with stable expression of shltfg1.698, shltfg1.680 and shNC (shown are representative photographs). Day 18 after HDTV injection of 1.25 μg of the indicated plasmid (200× magnification). Increased clonal expansion can be seen for shltfg1. FIG. 16G) Quantification of GFP-positive cells (corresponding to F)) shows significant increase in GFP positive hepatocytes in case of Itfg1 knockdown compared to control. Each dot represents one animal. FIG. 16H) Repopulation survival assay. The right panel shows the outline of the experiments. We further diluted the plasmid amount delivered to the liver. At a certain dilution the amount of hepatocytes with stable integration will be not enough to expand and compensate for the loss of FAH−/− hepatocytes. However, if the knockdown by our candidate accelerates repopulation it might be sufficient to compensate and allow survival. Left panel shows the survival curve after 1:30 dilution. All animals injected with our construct expressing the control shRNA died, whereas all mice injected with our construct expressing shltfg1 survived. There is statistical significance between experiment and control. Statistical significance was calculated using a log rank test (n=5 per group).
  • FIG. 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D, 17E: Itfg1 knockdown attenuates chronic liver damage related liver fibrosis FIG. 17A) Experimental outline. FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that chronic liver damage was induced by repetitive doses of thioacetamide administered intraperitoneal 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed. FIG. 17B) Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible. FIG. 17C) Picro Sirius Red staining (staining for fibrotic scar tissue) and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining on sections of indicated repopulated mouse livers (n=6 for shltfg1.698 and n=7 for control group, 50× magnification). FIG. 17D) The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental groups. FIG. 17E) Representative macro-photographs of the livers with GFP-imaging system is shown. Livers are all green, hence fully repopulated.
  • FIG. 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D, 18E, 18F, 18G, 18H, 18I: ITFG1 expression in human liver tissue; knockdown protects against NASH related fibrosis (see also FIG. 35A-35F). FIG. 18A) Macroscopic pictures of mice with repopulated liver exposed to Western Diet. shltfg1 indicates liver was repopulated so that every hepatocyte expresses the shRNA targeting Itfg1, whereas shNC indicates repopulation so that every hepatocyte expresses a non-targeting control shRNA. Already macroscopically, livers with Itfg1 knockdown show reduced fibrosis. FIG. 18B-18D) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ˜150 patients show no significant expression change for Itfg1. FIG. 18E) ITFG1 is expressed in healthy liver tissue and in NASH Cirrhosis. FIG. 18F) Expression of ITFG1 in human tissues is shown. Data is taken from The Human Protein Atlas. FIG. 18G) Low expression of ITFG1 is associated with longer survival in case of liver cancer. Data is taken from The Human Protein Atlas. FIG. 18H) Scheme of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines. FIG. 181 ) shRNAs efficiently targeting human ITFG1 were identified. Knockdown test by Western blot analysis using whole-cell lysates. HepG2 cells stably expressing the shRNA of interest were generate by retroviral infection and selection. GAPDH serves as a loading control.
  • FIG. 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D: EMULSION +500 in vivo functional genetic screen FIG. 19A) Schematic outline of the screen. A pooled shRNA library screen targeting 467 genes, dysregulated in human NAFLD patients, is set up. The screen is conducted in mice of both gender using two diet based NAFLD models. FIG. 19B) Representation of fold change for each shRNA passing a p-value of 0.1 from male mice exposed to choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet for 8 weeks. The majority of shRNAs is deplete but a small number is clearly enriched. FIG. 19C) Principal component analysis based on normalized shRNA abundance level. We can see a clear separation based on diet exposure. FIG. 19D) Heatmap based enrichment/depletion for each animal for top-enriched and depleted shRNAs. Based on our analysis we identified 6 high confidence targets.
  • FIG. 20A, 20B: CDHFD mouse fatty liver model FIG. 20A) Choline deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet (CDHFD) leads to fast and progressive fatty liver disease in mice. Already after 8 weeks of diet exposure mice show NASH with advanced fibrosis. FIG. 20B) Pathological evaluation. Histological slides of liver tissue form C56B16 mice exposed to the indicated time to the CDHFD or normal chow were evaluated and scored by a certified pathologist. Shown are the scoring results for steatosis and fibrosis. Each point represents an animal.
  • FIG. 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D, 21E: Abcc4 is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD FIG. 21A) Shown is the relative read numbers for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Abcc4 for each animal (NC=normal chow, CD=CDHFD). FIG. 21B) Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Abcc4. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice. FIG. 21C-21E) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ˜150 patients show significant increase in Abcc4 gene expression at NASH late fibrosis and cirrhosis stage. Furthermore, an increase expression can be detected based on ballooning and fibrosis stage (Table: grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E: Pak3 is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD FIG. 22A) Shown is the relative read numbers for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Pak3 for each animal (NC=normal chow, CD=CDHFD). FIG. 22B) Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Pak3. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice. FIG. 22C-22E) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ˜150 patients show significant increase in Pak3 gene expression at NASH cirrhosis stage. Furthermore, an increase expression can be detected based on fibrosis stage (Table: grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, 23E: Trnp1 is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD FIG. 23A) Shown is the relative read numbers for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Trnp1 for each animal (NC=normal chow, CD=CDHFD). FIG. 23B) Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Trnp1. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice. FIG. 23C-23E) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from −150 patients show significant increase in Trnp1 gene expression at NASH cirrhosis stage. Interestingly, with increased steatosis and inflammation expression seems to be downregulated (Table: grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; boxed grey mark indicates significant downregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 24A, 24B, 24C, 24D, 24E: Apln is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD FIG. 24A) Shown is the relative read numbers for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Apln for each animal (NC=normal chow, CD=CDHFD). FIG. 24B) Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Apln. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice. FIG. 24C-24E) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ˜150 patients show significant increase in Apln gene expression at NASH cirrhosis stage. Interestingly, with increased inflammation expression seems to be downregulated (Table: grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; boxed grey mark indicates significant downregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25E: Kif20a is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD FIG. 25A) Shown is the relative read numbers for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Kif20a for each animal (NC=normal chow, CD=CDHFD). FIG. 25B) Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Kif20a. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice. FIG. 25C-25E) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ˜150 patients show a progressive increase in Kif20a gene expression till the NASH advanced fibrosis stage (Table: grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p,0.005)
  • FIG. 26A, 26B, 26C, 26D, 26E: Ltb is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD FIG. 26A) Shown is the relative read numbers for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Ltb for each animal (NC=normal chow, CD=CDHFD). FIG. 26B) Summary of screening result for the shRNA expression cassette targeting Ltb. Shown are the average relative reads for each group, the fold change and the log 2 fold change comparing CDHFD mice to NC mice. FIG. 26C-26E) Transcriptomic analysis of liver samples from ˜150 patients show a progressive increase in Ltb gene expression till the NASH advanced fibrosis stage (Table: grey mark indicates significant upregulation of at least log 2 2 fold; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p,0.005).
  • FIG. 27 : Layout for NASH disease interception in vivo functional genetic screen FIG. 27 ) A genome wide in vivo functional genetic screen for disease interception. Nearly 80.000 shRNAs split into 32 sub-pools are screened. ShRNA expresses ion is inducible and only activated after liver shows steatosis but before NASH progression.
  • FIG. 28A, 28B, 28C, 28D, 28E: Mfap4 knockdown for 1 year does not lead to liver cancer FIG. 28A) Schematic representation of the experiment. FAH−/− mice were injected with p/T-FAHIG-shRNA & SB13 expressing constructs via HDTV; then, mice were kept for 1 year to observe any tumor formation or abnormal liver histology. FIG. 28B) Bright field. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver) (n=5 mice per experimental group, n=5 mice per control group). FIG. 28C) GFP-imaging. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver). No GFP-positive tumor is observed. Livers are fully repopulated (strong GFP-positive signal). FIG. 28D) Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. Representative pictures are shown. No malignant disease is observed in both: experimental group and control group. Pathology evaluation is conducted by certified pathologist. The pathologist did not find malignant lesions in the liver. FIG. 28E) GFP (DAB) staining. Representative pictures are shown. Around 95% of hepatocytes are GFP-positive which means livers were fully repopulated.
  • FIG. 29A, 29B, 29C: GalNAC conjugates with siRNA against Mfap4 (BNL CL.2 cell line; 72 h post-transfection) FIG. 29A) Structure of GalNAC-siRNA conjugate used in studies. Exact backbone modifications can be found in the sequence appendix (SEQ ID NOs: 7092 and 7093). The target sequence for the siRNA was based on the shRNA guide sequence. FIG. 29B) Western blot analysis with concentration 6 μM shows efficient knockdown of Mfap4 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Mfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NOs: 7092) and GalNAC-si Mfap4. 760 (SEQ ID NOs: 7093) compared to control. FIG. 29C) Western blot analysis with concentration 11 μM shows efficient knockdown of Mfap4 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Mfap4.1356 and GalNAC-si Mfap4. 760 compared to control.
  • FIG. 30A, 30B, 30C: Grhpr knockdown for 1 year does not lead to liver cancer FIG. 30A) Schematic representation of the experiment. FAH−/− mice were injected with p/T-FAHIG-shRNA & SB13 expressing constructs via HDTV; then, mice were kept for 1 year to observe any tumor formation or abnormal liver histology. Livers were harvested at 1 year after injections. FIG. 30B) Bright field. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver) (n=3 mice per experimental group, n=5 mice per control group). FIG. 30C) GFP-imaging. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver). No GFP-positive tumor is observed. Livers are fully repopulated (strong GFP-positive signal).
  • FIG. 31A, 31B, 31C: Grhpr expression in human hepatocytes (HpG2 cell line) FIG. 31A) Scheme of retroviral backbone for generating stable cell lines. FIG. 31B) shRNAs efficiently targeting human Grhpr were identified. Knockdown test by qPCR using whole-cell lysates. HepG2 cells were cotransfected with pMSCV vector. FIG. 31C) Knockdown test by Western blot using whole-cell lysates. HepG2 cells with stable expression of indicated shRNAs were generated by retroviral infection and selection. Tubulin serves as a loading control.
  • FIG. 32A, 32B: GalNAC conjugates with siRNA against Grhpr (BNL CL.2 cell line; 72 h post-transfection) FIG. 32A) Structure of GalNAC-siRNA conjugate used in studies. Exact backbone modifications can be found in the sequence appendix (SEQ ID NO: 7094). The target sequence for the siRNA was based on the shRNA guide sequence. FIG. 32B) Western blot analysis with concentration 6 μM shows efficient knockdown of Grhpr by conjugate GalNAC-si Grhpr.361 (SEQ ID NO: 7094) compared to scrambled control. Western blot analysis with concentration 11 μM shows efficient knockdown of Grhpr by conjugate GalNAC-si Grhpr.361 compared to scrambled control.
  • FIG. 33A, 33B, 33C: Itfg1 knockdown accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) FIG. 33A) Experimental outline. FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After that ⅔ of the liver was surgically removed. The remaining regenerating liver was harvested at 42 h and 48 h after surgery. FIG. 33B) Representative photographs of DAB Ki67-stained liver sections 42 h (n=4 per experimental group, n=6 per control group) and 48 h (n=5 per experimental group, n=10 per control group) post hepatectomy are shown (200× magnification). FIG. 33C) Quantification of Ki67 positive cells of DAB-stained liver sections (corresponding to B) show increased hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy in shltfg1-expressing livers compared to shNC livers (individual points represent individual animals, data shows average±SEM).
  • FIG. 34A, 34B, 34C, 34D, 34E, 34F, 34G: Itfg1 knockdown for 1 year does not lead to liver cancer FIG. 34A) Schematic representation of the experiment. FAH−/− mice were injected with p/T-FAHIG-shRNA & SB13 expressing constructs via HDTV; then, mice were kept for 1 year to observe any tumor formation or abnormal liver histology. Livers were harvested at 1 year after injections. FIG. 34B) Bright field. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver). No tumor is observed (n=5 mice per experimental group, n=5 mice per control group). FIG. 34C) GFP-imaging. Representative pictures are shown (both surfaces of the liver). No GFP-positive tumor is observed. Livers are fully repopulated (GFP-positive). FIGS. 34D and 34F) Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. Representative pictures are shown. No malignant disease is observed in both: experimental group and control group. Pathology evaluation is conducted by certified pathologist. FIGS. 34E and 34G) GFP (DAB) staining. Representative pictures are shown. Around 95% of hepatocytes are GFP-positive which means livers were fully repopulated.
  • FIG. 35A, 35B, 35C, 35D, 35E, 35F: Itfg1 knockdown attenuates chronic liver damage related liver fibrosis in a NASH model FIG. 35A) Experimental outline. FAH−/− mice were injected with our constructs, then, mice were kept for full repopulation for 3 months. After full repopulation was reached mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” (high fat diet and 60% fructose) for 24 weeks. Livers were harvested, processed and analyzed. FIG. 35B) Representative macro-photographs of the livers are shown. Already macroscopically differences between groups were visible. FIG. 35C) Picro Sirius Red staining (staining for fibrotic scar tissue) and Hematoxylin & Eosin staining on sections of indicated repopulated mouse livers (representative images are shown; n=6 for shltfg1.698 and n=7 for control group, 50× magnification). FIG. 35D) The fibrotic score for each animal is shown. The score was given by a certified pathologist, who was blinded regarding the experimental groups. FIG. 35E) Objective, Al-based analysis of steatosis done by HistoIndex. Representative pictures are shown. FIG. 35F) Quantification analysis shows significantly lower steatosis score in experimental group (n=7 mice per group) compared to control group (n=7 mice per group).
  • FIG. 36A, 36B, 36C: Knockdown of Itfg1 impacts MKK6, JNK, and RPS6 signaling FIG. 36A) Schematic outline of isolating proteins from full repopulated livers for further broad protein array analysis. FIG. 36B) After performing a broad protein array focused Western blot experiments were done. Results of Western blot are shown here. Proteins from fully repopulated livers were isolated. Especially P-MKK6/P-MKK3 are greater activated in case of Itfg1 knockdown compared to control. There are 3 biological replicates in experiment and 3 biological replicates in control. FIG. 36C) According to STRING database, all indicated proteins are interacting and are linked to cell growth and proliferation.
  • FIG. 37A, 37B: GalNAC conjugates with siRNA against Itfg1 (BNL CL.2 cell line; 72 h post-transfection) FIG. 37A) Structure of GalNAC-siRNA conjugate used in studies. Exact backbone modifications can be found in the sequence appendix (SEQ ID NOs: 7095 and 7096). The target sequence for the siRNA was based on the shRNA guide sequence. FIG. 37B) Western blot analysis with concentration 6 μM shows efficient knockdown of Itfg1 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Itfg1.698 (SEQ ID NO: 7095) and GalNAC-si Itfg1.680 (SEQ ID NO: 7096) compared to control. Western blot analysis with concentration 11 μM shows efficient knockdown of Itfg1 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Itfg1.698 and GalNAC-si Itfg1.680 compared to control.
  • FIG. 38A, 38B, 38C: Mfap4 and Itfg1 knockdown enhances proliferation and regeneration beyond liver FIG. 38A) Outline of the wound healing assay. Stable cell lines were generated expressing the respective shRNAs. FIG. 38B) Knockdown of Mfap4 as well as the knockdown of Itfg1 accelerates wound healing of mouse lung cells (cell line CCL206). FIG. 38C) Knockdown of Mfap4 as well as the knockdown of Itfg1 accelerates wound healing of mouse myoblast cells (Myoblast cell line CRL1772).
  • FIG. 39 : Pak3 knockdown accelerates wound healing in vitro Stable knockdown of Pak3 in AML12 adult hepatocyte cell line accelerates wound healing (representative images are shown).
  • EXAMPLES Example 1 Functional Genetic In Vivo RNAi Screen
  • An in vivo functional genetic screen was conducted to identify new modulators of liver regeneration as therapeutic targets to increase endogenous regeneration and counteract liver disease. This approach was originally pioneered by taking advantage of FAH−/− mice. From there the screening set up was further modified and improved, so it can be applied to any mouse independent of genetic background and modification (FIG. 1A). A focused shRNA library was delivered, comprising of 250 shRNAs targeting 89 genes, by hydrodynamic tail vine injection to the liver. Through the combination with a plasmid encoding for the sleeping beauty 13 transposase, stable integration was obtained in around 5 to 10% of hepatocytes. Therefore, a chimeric mouse liver in which the shRNA expressing hepatocytes are surrounded by “wt” hepatocytes is generated. To simulate chronic liver damage the inventors treated 3 times per week for 8 weeks mice with thioacetamid (TAA), a chemical inducing liver damage (FIG. 1A). Cycles of liver damage and compensatory regeneration induce a competitive environment. If the knockdown by a certain shRNA gives an advantage to hepatocytes, the cells will expand and an enrichment for the shRNA can be detected. In contrast, if the expression of a shRNA is detrimental, this shRNA should deplete. No change compared to the starting pool indicates no effect in this environment. The abundance of the shRNAs can be determined by Illumina based deep sequencing. For sequencing, the genomic DNA was isolated from the liver, the shRNA expressing cassette was amplified with primers including Illumina adapter sequences and the product was directly sequenced.
  • Also, the majority of the shRNAs were depleted in this screen, a subset was consistently enriched in all biological replicates (5 independent mice) (FIG. 1B-1C). Importantly and giving confidence in the screen, two independent non-targeting control shRNAs (also named shNC or shCTRL; one targeting renilla and one targeting luciferase, both are not expressed in mice) were not enriched or depleted. Furthermore, three independent shRNAs targeting c-Met the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor and essential for liver regeneration were depleted (FIG. 1D). To avoid off-target effects of the shRNAs the inventors focused on targets against which at least two independent shRNAs were enriched (FIG. 1D). Four independent shRNAs were found enriched targeting Mfap4, two independent shRNAs for each targeting Grhpr and Itfg1.
  • Example 2 Validation of Identified Therapeutic Targets
  • Mfap4—Microfibril Associated Protein 4
  • For validation, the knockdown efficiency of the two top-enriched shRNAs targeting Mfap4 in vitro were first tested (FIG. 2A). Both shRNAs show efficient knockdown. For each shRNA stable expressing cell lines (FIG. 2B) were generated as well as for a non-targeting control shRNA and the effect of the shRNAs in a wound healing assay was tested. The knockdown of Mfap4 (two independent shRNAs tested) increased wound closure in TIB 73 (BNLCL.2) cells and AML 12 cells, indicating increased proliferation (FIGS. 2C and 2G). Furthermore, using the stable cell lines the inventors checked for enhanced cell replication by EdU incorporation and determining the cell doubling time (FIG. 2D-2E). Accelerated proliferation was clearly detected. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry using the Guava Muse Cell Analyzer showed greater cell amounts (shown is amount of cell in %) in the G2 phase of cell cycle for cells with stable Mfap4 knockdown by shMfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NO: 1) and shMfap4.760 (SEQ ID NO: 2) compared to the non-targeting control (shNC), likewise indicating increased proliferation (FIG. 2F).
  • The inventors then took advantage of the FAH (fumarylacetoacetate) knock out mouse. The defect in the tyrosine metabolism leads to the accumulation of toxic side products in hepatocytes resulting in liver failure. Delivering a construct to around 5-10% of hepatocytes for the expression of the missing enzyme FAH and the shRNAs by hydrodynamic tail vine injection, the repopulation efficiency could be tested. If the knockdown by the shRNA targeting Mfap4 enhances regeneration and proliferation, a faster clonal expansion should be seen (FIG. 3A). As expected, knockdown of Mfap4 enhances repopulation detected by GFP-imaging of the whole liver (FIG. 3B), native-GFP fluorescence of cryosections (FIG. 3C) of the liver and antibody based staining for GFP in paraffin sections (FIG. 3D-3E). A further dilution of the amount of injected plasmids could reduce the amount of hepatocytes with stable expression of FAH, GFP and the shRNA of interest, so that the FAH expressing hepatocytes cannot fast enough expand and compensate for FAH−/− hepatocyte loss. However a shRNA dependent acceleration of regeneration might be able to allow survival. At a 1:30 dilution still all shMfap4.1356 (SEQ ID NO: 1) injected mice survive whereas all control shNC injected mice die (FIG. 3F). This further supports the Mfap4 knockdown mediated acceleration, as only in case of Mfap4 the hepatocytes expand fast enough to compensate for hepatocyte loss.
  • The “Western Diet” induces progressive NAFLD, leading to NASH and fibrosis (FIG. 4 ). The inventors repopulated FAH−/− mouse liver so that all hepatocytes express either a shRNA targeting Mfap4 or a non-targeting control shRNA. After full repopulation, the mice were exposed to the “Western Diet” (FIG. 5A). Knockdown of Mfap4 clearly attenuates disease progression, reflected in reduced fibrosis (FIG. 5B-5F). Chronic TAA exposure to shMfapp4 and shCTRL repopulated FAH mice (FIG. 6A) was also applied. Consistent with the screening results Mfap4 knockdown protects against TAA induced liver damage and fibrosis (FIG. 6B-6D). As an acute damage model, a ⅔ partial hepatectomy (PH) on repopulated mice (FIGS. 7A and 7E) was performed. Enhanced Ki67 staining (FIGS. 7B-7C and 7F-7G) as well as earlier activation of cyclin A (FIG. 7D) and cyclin E (FIG. 7H), respectively, after PH indicate faster regeneration. GFP-imaging (FIG. 7I) and DAB GFP staining (FIG. 7J) of FAH−/− livers after ⅔ surgical partial removal of livers indicated that mice were fully repopulated.
  • The inventors also checked for differences in pathway activation by protein arrays and Western blot after full repopulation with either shMfap4 or non-targeting control shRNA. Livers were collected and proteins for protein array and Western blot as well as RNA for transcriptomics were isolated (FIG. 8A-8H). Consistently with an enhanced regenerative capacity Mfap4 knockdown induces activation of mTOR, p70S6K, ERK and p38 (FIGS. 8B and 8D). The identified pathways are all linked (FIGS. 8C, 8E and 8K) based on STRING analysis (string-db.org) and impact cell growth and proliferation. P70S6K is a major substrate of mTOR (FIG. 8E) and contributes to liver regeneration. Furthermore, impairments in p70S6K and ERK signaling is linked to the age dependent decline of liver's regenerative capacity. Using the in vitro wound healing assay, double knockout experiments combining the stable shMfap4 or shCTRL expressing cell lines with siRNAs targeting either p70s6k or p38 (FIG. 8F-8G) were conducted. A slowdown in wound healing under such conditions was detected. This puts the knockdown of Mfap4 in line with enhancing regeneration and rejuvenating the liver. Principal component analysis for AML12-shMfap4.1356, AML12-shMfap4.760, and AML12-shNC shows cluster separation between experiment (shMfap4) and control (shNC). A heatmap comparison of Mfap4 and control indicates that genes known to be involved in liver regeneration according to the literature, such as Ptgs2, Areg, Dhrs9, Hmox1 and Nqo1, are upregulated after Mfap4 knockdown compared to control (FIG. 8H-8J). Furthermore, string analysis shows that the transcriptomic pathways coming from the cell line as well as the proteomic identified pathways from the repopulated liver are connected (FIG. 8K).
  • The inventors then identified 2 independent shRNAs targeting human Mfap4: huMfap4.1812 (SEQ ID NO: 7100) and huMfap4.1602 (SEQ ID NO: 7097). Efficient knockdown in the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 (FIG. 9A) was observed. Furthermore, both shRNAs show a strong on-target knockdown of huMfap4 compared to non-targeting control as determined by qPCR analysis (FIG. 9K) and Western blot (FIG. 9L) in immortalized human hepatocytes-SV40 (FIG. 91-9J). Edu incorporation assay indicates a conserved mechanism between mouse and human, as higher EdU incorporation in human HepG2 cells with Mfap4 knockdown was seen (FIG. 9B), transient knockdown of Mfap4 by siRNA in immortalised human hepatocytes shows higher EdU incorporation (FIG. 9G-9H), and stable knockdown of Mfap4 in immortalised human hepatocytes enhances wound healing (FIG. 9M-9N).
  • Importantly expression of Mfap4 in the liver increases in NAFLD patients with cirrhosis (FIG. 9C-9D), based on a local patient cohort. This is consistent with previous studies indicating increased Mfap4 in liver and lung fibrosis. Interestingly, Mfap4 was suggested as potential biomarker for non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis C patients. Staining for Mfap4 of human liver tissue from healthy and cirrhotic liver done by the inventors also showed increased detection in the diseased liver. Interestingly beside strong staining in fibrotic scar areas Mfap4 was also detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus of hepatocytes (FIG. 9E). Mfap4 is thought to be an extracellular matrix protein but not much is known about its role in hepatocytes. It represents therefore a new target for liver disease therapy, with new biology.
  • The inventors also investigated the development of liver cancer in Mfap4 treated mice. shMfap4 constructs were delivered by HDTV to FAH−/− mice. After keeping mice for 1 year, livers were harvested to determine any tumor formation in the liver (FIG. 28A). No GFP-positive tumor is observed and livers are fully repopulated as indicated by a strong GFP-positive signal (FIGS. 28B-28C and 28E). Around 95% of hepatocytes are GFP-positive. Also, Hematoxylin & Eosin staining did not reveal any malignant disease in both the shMfap4 and shNC treated group. Certified pathologists who conducted the evaluation did not find malignant lesions in the liver (FIG. 28D). The experiments show that Mfap4 knockdown for 1 year does not lead to liver cancer in mice.
  • Modified siRNA-GalNAC conjugates targeting Mfap4 were generated (FIG. 29A; Table 11; SEQ ID NOs: 7092 and 7093). Human immortalised hepatocytes were treated for 72 h with siRNA and were then exposed for 4 h to EdU, then fixed and analysed. Western blot analysis with shows efficient knockdown of Mfap4 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Mfap4.1356 and GalNAC-si Mfap4.760 compared to scrambled control.
  • Grhpr—Qlyoxylate and Hydroxypyruvate Reductase
  • The second identified target is an enzyme with hydroxyl-pyruvate reductase, glyoxylate reductase and D-glycerate dehyrdrogenase enzymatic activities. Two shRNAs targeting Grhpr were strongly enriched in the screen (FIG. 1A-1D). Validation followed the same way as was described for Mfap4. First, stable cell lines were generated and the knockdown efficiency of the shRNAs was determined (FIG. 10A-10B). Both shRNAs show a strong on-target knockdown. The wound healing assay supported a faster healing and faster proliferation under Grhpr knockdown condition (FIG. 10C-10D). Again, taking advantage of the FAH−/− mice, repopulation between Grhpr targeting and control shRNA was compared. Grhpr knockdown accelerates liver repopulation under these conditions and all shGrhpr injected mice still survive at a 1:30 dilution whereas all control shNC injected mice die (FIG. 11A-11G). Next, the liver was completely repopulated so that every hepatocyte expresses shGrhpr or a non-targeting control shRNA (FIG. 12A). In the acute liver damaging model of ⅔ partial hepatectomy, Grhpr knockdown accelerates regeneration indicated by the earlier peak of Ki67 positive cells (FIG. 12B-12D). Furthermore, applying chronic TAA treatment to shGrhpr expressing repopulated FAH−/− mouse liver showed reduced liver injury and reduced fibrosis compared to control (FIG. 13A-13D). However, Grhpr knockdown does not seem to protect against NAFLD related disease progression and fibrosis development in the Western Diet mouse model (FIG. 14A-14D).
  • Interestingly, the NAFLD patient cohort showed a significant reduction in Grhpr expression in the liver at NASH advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis stages, but not very strongly (FIG. 15A-15C).
  • Similar to the experimental set up for targeting Mfap4, the development of liver cancer was investigated under Grhpr knockdown conditions (FIG. 30A). FAH−/− mice were injected with a combination of p?T-FAHIG-shGrhpr and SB13 plasmids for liver repopulation. Initially 5 to 10% of hepatocytes will have stable integration. After NTBC drug withdrawal after injection the liver will be repopulated, so that nearly every hepatocyte will express the shRNA targeting Grhpr. 1 year after injection livers were harvested and evaluated for liver tumor development. No GFP-positive tumor were observed in FAH−/− mice, and livers are fully repopulated (FIG. 30B-30C), indicating that long term Grhpr knockdown in the liver does not induce liver cancer and is safe
  • Furthermore, HepG2 cells with stable expression of shRNAs were generated by retroviral transfection and selection (FIG. 31A). Grhpr knockdown was determined by qPCR and Western blot using RNA or whole-cell lysates (Tubulin was used as a loading control). Several independent shRNAs targeting human Grhpr were identified (FIG. 31 B) that lead to efficient Grhpr knockdown in the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 (FIG. 31C).
  • Modified siRNA-GalNAC conjugates targeting Grhpr were generated (FIG. 32A, Table 11; SEQ ID NO: 7094), following the same way as was described for Mfap4. BNL CL.2 cell line; 72 h post-transfection. Western blot analysis with 6 μM and 11 μM, respectively, shows efficient knockdown of Grhpr by conjugate GalNAC-si Grhpr.361 compared to scrambled control.
  • Itfg1—Integrin Alpha FG-GAP Repeat Containing 1
  • The on-target knockdown efficiency of the top enriched shRNA and an additional independent shRNA were first tested. Both shRNAs show a good on-target knockdown by qPCR and Western blot (FIG. 16A-16B). Itfg1 knockdown strongly accelerates wound healing in vitro, taking advantage of the stable cell lines (FIG. 16C). The inventors then took advantage of the FAH−/− mice and did a repopulation assay (FIG. 16D). Consistent with the screening results, both Itfg1 knockdowns accelerate repopulation (FIG. 16E-16G). Interestingly, if the plasmid input was further diluted, at some point, the amount of hepatocytes with stable integration should be not sufficient to compensate for hepatocyte loss after NTBC withdrawal (FIG. 16H right panel). At a 1:30 dilution still all shltfg1 injected mice survive whereas all shCTRL injected mice die (FIG. 16H left panel). This further supports the Itfg1 knockdown mediated acceleration, as only in case of shltfg1 the hepatocytes expand fast enough to compensate for hepatocyte loss. Consistent with this, after full liver repopulation, a protective effect of Itfg1 knockdown against chronic TAA induced liver damage and fibrosis (FIG. 17A-17E) was seen.
  • In the mouse Western Diet NAFLD model (FIG. 35A), knockdown of Itfg1 attenuates fibrosis development (FIG. 35B-35F), which could already be seen macroscopically (FIG. 18A). The rough surface on the liver of mice expressing a non-targeting control shRNA indicates advanced fibrosis. In contrast the surface of shltfg1 expressing livers indicates strong reduction in fibrosis. In addition objective analysis by HistoIndex with a proprietary AI pathology system, further showed significant reduction in steatosis by Itfg1 knockdown (FIG. 35E-35F). The expression data from our NAFLD patient cohort indicates no major expression changes in the liver during disease progression (FIG. 18B), suggesting a postransciptional regulation. Itfg1 is expressed in healthy liver tissue and in NASH, Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (FIG. 18C-18E). Data from The Human Protein Atlas show that low expression of Itfg1 is associated with increased survival in liver cancer patients (FIG. 18G). Interestingly, so far not much is known about Itfg1 and therefore it represents an interesting novel target for liver disease. Generating stable human HepG2 cell lines and determining the knockdown efficiency of different Itfg1 shRNAs showed a strong on-target knockdown (FIG. 18G-18H) for human Itfg1.
  • Again, taking advantage of the FAH−/− mice, the liver was completely repopulated for 3 months so that every hepatocyte expresses shltfg1 or a non-targeting control shRNA (shNC). Afterwards, ⅔ of the liver was removed and liver regeneration monitored (FIG. 33A). In the acute liver damaging model of ⅔ partial hepatectomy, Itfg1 knockdown accelerates regeneration after partial hepatectomy indicated by an earlier peak and higher amount of Ki67 positive cells (FIG. 33B-33C). No malignant disease and no GFP-positive tumor is observed 1 year after Itfg1 knockdown in mice (FIG. 34A-34E). Livers are fully repopulated in both the shltfg1 group and control group as indicated by around 95% GFP-positive hepatocytes.
  • To investigate the differences in pathway activation after full repopulation with either shltfg1 or non-targeting control shRNA, proteins from full repopulated livers were isolated for further broad protein array analysis (FIG. 36A). After performing the broad protein array, focused Western blot experiments were carried out. It was observed that knockdown of ITFG1 impacts MKK6, JNK, and RPS6 signaling. In particular, P-MKK6/P-MKK3 are greater activated in case of Itfg1 knockdown compared to control (FIG. 36B). According to STRING database, all indicated proteins are interacting and are linked to cell growth and proliferation (FIG. 36C).
  • Modified siRNA-GalNAC conjugates were generated to target Itfg1 (FIG. 37A, Table 11; SEQ ID NOs: 7095 and 7096). Western blot analysis with 6 μM and 11 μM, respectively, shows efficient knockdown of Itfg1 by two different conjugates GalNAC-si Itfg1.698 and GalNAC-si Itfg1.680 compared to control (FIG. 37B).
  • Mfap4 or Itfg1 Knockdown in Mouse Lung Cell Line and Mouse Myoblast Cell Line
  • Stable cell lines using mouse lung cell line CCL206 and mouse myoblast cell line CRL1722 were generated expressing the respective shRNA—shMfap4, shltfg1 or control shNC (FIG. 38A). Knockdown of Mfap4 as well as the knockdown of Itfg1 accelerates wound healing of mouse lung cells as well as of mouse myoblast cells. These results suggest that Mfap4 and Itfg1 knockdown enhances proliferation and regeneration not only of liver but also of lung and myoblasts.
  • Example 3—Emulsion +500 Screen and Target Validation
  • Independent of the TAA chronic damage-induced screen, a functional genetic screen using a focused shRNA library containing 1780 shRNAs targeting 467 genes was also conducted. These 467 genes are the mouse homologs corresponding to differentially up-regulated genes found in our NAFLD patient cohort (FIG. 19A). The screen was conducted in two diet-based mouse models of NAFLD, the “Western Diet” (WD) model (FIG. 4A-4H) and the Choline deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet (CDHFD) model (FIGS. 20A and 20B). The CDHFD is a very aggressive and fast model leading to NASH with advanced fibrosis in 8 weeks. In contrast, the WD takes about half a year to reach this stage. Similar to the TAA screen, the shRNA library was delivered to the liver by hydro-dynamic tail vine injection (HDTV). The combination of transposon-based constructs with a sleeping beauty 13 transposase-expressing plasmid leads to the stable integration in about 5 to 10% of hepatocytes. After injection, the respective diet exposure was started until NASH with late fibrosis is reached. After harvesting the liver the genomic DNA is isolated, part of the shRNA expression cassette is amplified and the abundance sequenced by NGS. Enriched shRNAs are identified, which indicates an advantage by these shRNAs in the context of fatty liver disease.
  • In the CDHFD model the majority of shRNAs were depleted (FIG. 19B). Interestingly, based on normalized shRNA abundance level in a principal component analysis, clear segregation between our CDHFD vs normal chow exposed mice (FIG. 19C) was seen. In-depth differential abundance shRNA analysis was then performed. Six shRNAs/targets for validation (FIG. 19D) were identified based on reliable enrichment in the majority of animals. Importantly, as the library was designed based on relevant human patient data and this is a functional genetic screen, scoring in the screen can already be seen as the first validation step.
  • ABCC4—ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 4 (MRP4)
  • This target is a transporter that mediates the efflux of bile components into the blood. Interestingly in all control diet exposed mice, only a low number of relative reads was detected, whereas a strong enrichment in 3 out of 5 CDHFD mice was seen (FIG. 21A-21B). Furthermore, the expression of this gene increases during disease progression in the human patient cohort (FIG. 21C-21E). The expression also significantly increases in relation to the inflammation, fibrosis and ballooning score.
  • PAK3—P21 (RAC1) Activated Kinase 3
  • This target is a serine-threonine kinase. In 4 out of 5 mice enrichment for the shRNA targeting PAK3 (FIG. 22A-B; SEQ ID NO: 9) was seen. The expression of PAK3 is significantly upregulated in cirrhosis and fibrosis score 4 NAFLD patients (FIG. 22C-22E). As liver and pancreas both derive from the foregut endoderm during development, it is interesting that Pak 3 was described as a regulator of beta-cell differentiation. In that context, Pak3 promotes cell cycle exit and therefore would have an anti-proliferative function. Therefore, this is a highly interesting target for liver disease and regeneration, too, as confirmed by stable knockdown of Pak3 in the AML12 adult hepatocyte cell line, which accelerates wound healing (FIG. 39 ).
  • TRNP1—TMF1 Regulated Nuclear Protein 1
  • This target is a DNA-binding factor with a crucial role in brain development and accelerates cell-cycle progression. So far, no liver related function is described. In control fed mice, a consistent selection against shTrnp1 expressing cells (low relative reads) was detected. However, 4 out of 5 mice on CDHFD show enrichment for shTrnp1 (FIG. 23A-23B; SEQ ID NO: 13). Our human NAFLD patient cohort shows a complicated gene expression pattern of Trnp1 in the liver. In the earlier disease stages, we see a downregulation, but upregulation at the cirrhosis stage (FIG. 23C-23E). Consistent with this during steatosis we see a progressive downregulation.
  • APLN—Apelin
  • This target encodes a peptide that functions as an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled apelin receptor. In 3 out of 5 CDHFD mice, a strong enrichment for the shRNA targeting Apln compared to the control (FIG. 24A-24B; SEQ ID NO: 11) was seen. Based on the NAFLD patient cohort a significant upregulation at the cirrhosis stage is seen and consistent with this at a fibrotic score of 4 (FIG. 24C-24E). There is already a publication suggesting that Apln promotes hepatic fibrosis through ERK signaling. Also, Apln was described to be different in NAFLD patients and fatty liver rats and suggested as a diagnostic marker. Importantly, the encoded protein is processed into active peptide fragments, making it difficult to be targeted by classic drug approaches and ideal for RNAi based therapeutics.
  • KIF20A—Kinesin Family Member 20A
  • This target encodes a mitotic kinesin required for cytokinesis. In 3 out of 5 CDHFD mice, a strong enrichment for the shRNA targeting Kif20a compared to the control (FIG. 25A-25B; SEQ ID NO: 12) is seen. Based on the NAFLD patient cohort data, expression of Kif20a is increasing during disease progression (FIG. 25C-25E). Furthermore, high expression of Kif20a is associated with poor survival in case of HCC. Interestingly, Kif20a-knockdown affects cytokinesis leading to higher polyploidy. Higher polyploidy is also seen in many chronic liver diseases.
  • LTB—Lymphotoxin Beta
  • This target encodes a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. In 4 out of 5 CDHFD mice a strong enrichment for the shRNA targeting LTB compared to the control is seen (FIG. 26A-26B; SEQ ID NO: 10). Based on the NAFLD patient cohort data expression of LTB is consistently increasing during disease progression, except at the cirrhosis stage (FIG. 26C-26E). A significant expression increase based on steatosis, inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis score is also seen. Interestingly, LTB was found to regulate liver regeneration, is linked to obesity and animals lacking the lymphotoxin pathway were shown to resist diet-induced obesity.
  • In addition, a functional genetic screen targeting the top down-regulated genes based on the NAFLD patient cohort is under the way. Also, a functional genomic screen is on the finishing line. In this set up, the inventors screen genome wide (32 shRNA pools of around 2500 to 3000 shRNAs in mice) specifically for modulators of NAFLD disease progression, by only inducing shRNA expression after steatosis is reached before progression to NASH (FIG. 27 ).
  • List of siRNA Guide Strands:
  • The siRNA guide strand is identical to the anti-sense strand of the sense-loop-anti-sense RNA structure. This sequence equals the reverse complement sequence of the targeting sequence in the mRNA. The list shows the 21 bp siRNA guide strand. SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 19 were used in the Examples. Light grey marked, bold and underlined are siRNA guide strands with top-DSIR prediction score and predicted by the genomewide sensor prediction algorithm (SEQ ID NOs: 349-351, 457, 465, 468, 470, 473, 1483, 1485, 1486, 1488-1490, 2209, 2225, 2234, 5061, 5062, 5390-5993, 5967, 5970, 5971, 6977, 6978 and 6993).
  • Sequence Identity
  • Pairwise and multiple sequence alignment for the purposes of determining percent identity between two or more amino acid or nucleic acid sequences can be achieved in various ways known to a person of skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as ClustalOmega (Söding, J. 2005, Bioinformatics 21, 951-960), T-coffee (Notredame et al. 2000, J. Mol. Biol. (2000) 302, 205-217), Kalign (Lassmann and Sonnhammer 2005, BMC Bioinformatics, 6(298)) and MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30(4) 772-780) software. When using such software, the default parameters, e.g. for gap penalty and extension penalty, are preferably used.
  • Tables
  • TABLE 1
    Mouse (musmusculus):
    SEQ ID siRNA guide strand/AS
    NO siRNA_id Sequence
    1 Mfap4.1356 UUCAGAGUUGAGCAGUAGCCG
    2 Mfap4.760 UUGAGGGAGUAAUAGAAGCCU
    3 Grhpr.361 UUCUGCAGUGGCAUCUGUCAG
    4 Grhpr.1024 UACAGCUUGAGUUCGCUGGGC
    5 Grhpr.1025 UUACAGCUUGAGUUCGCUGGG
    6 Iftg1.698 UUAGAGGCAGUCAAUGUCGUG
    7 Itfg1.680 UUGAAGUCCAUAAUCAGUGGU
    8 Abcc4 UCGAAUUUGUUCACGUCGUUG
    9 Pak3 UGUGUAAACAGUUCCUGAUGC
    10 Ltb UCUGGUGUAGAAUCCGCAGCU
    11 Apin UCAAGGAGAGCCAGAGCAGCA
    12 Kif20a UAAUUGACUUGUUUCAUCUAG
    13 Trnpl UGACUUAGUGGGGGUCGGAGU
  • Human (Homo Sapiens):
  • TABLE 2
    Results for MFAP4. Score threshold: 70.
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA_ siRNA guide strand/
    NO id AS Sequence
    14 1 AUAGAUGUCGUCACAGUCCAG
    15 2 UAUUAUGUUAUUAUUACACUG
    16 3 UUGUAGUCAUUCCAGCCGCGG
    17 4 UUAUUGAGACCUUCAGUCCCU
    18 5 UAGAACCAUGUGCCUCUCGGA
    19 6 UAUUGAGACCUUCAGUCCCUA
    20 7 UCACACUGCACUGCUCAGCUU
    21 8 UUCUGCACCUGACUCCAGGUG
    22 9 UCGAAGGUAGAGAACUUCUGG
    23 10 UCAGCUUAGCACACUAGGGUG
    24 11 UAGGACACCAUCAGCAGGGGA
    25 12 UUUAUUGAGACCUUCAGUCCC
    26 13 UUGGAGGCAACUCAUUCUCAU
    27 14 UAUGUUAUUAUUACACUGUCU
    28 15 UCGCAGCUCAUACUUCUGCUU
    29 16 UAGAUGUCGUCACAGUCCAGG
    30 17 UUAUGUUAUUAUUACACUGUC
    31 18 UUGGUGCUCGGGAAUCAGCAG
    32 19 UAAACCUCUCAACACCCAGAG
    33 20 UAGUAGAAGCCCUUCCACUGG
    34 21 UGUAAGGAGUUGGUGCUCGGG
    35 22 AUCAGCAGAAGCAUGCAUCAG
    36 23 UGUUAUUAUUACACUGUCUUU
    37 24 UUCAUUCAGGUUCUGAAGGUU
    38 25 UUCUGCACAAAGAGGUCCUGG
    39 26 UCUCCAGAGCAUCUCCUCGGA
    40 27 UUUGAGAGCAGCCCAGAGGAG
    41 28 UUGAGGGAGUAGUAGAAGCCC
    42 29 UAUGAUAGUGAGGUGGGCUGG
    43 30 UAGAAUACACCAUGGGCCCUG
    44 31 UGUAACUUCAGGUGUAGGGGA
    45 32 UUGUAAGGAGUUGGUGCUCGG
    46 33 UUGUUCUCAAAGUCCUCCAAG
    47 34 UGAGGGAGUAGUAGAAGCCCU
    48 35 UUCUGCUUCAGUGUCAGGAGG
    49 36 AUACUUCUGCUUCAGUGUCAG
    50 37 UUAUUAUUACACUGUCUUUUU
    51 38 AUGUCGUCACAGUCCAGGGGU
    52 39 AUGUUAUUAUUACACUGUCUU
    53 40 UCUGCGCUGACCGCGUUCGGG
    54 41 UUCCACGGUACUCACCACAGG
    55 42 AAGGUUUAUUGAGACCUUCAG
    56 43 UAAGGAGUUGGUGCUCGGGAA
    57 44 UGUCAGGAGGUGCAUGUUCUG
    58 45 AUUAUGUUAUUAUUACACUGU
    59 46 UCCUCCUCUGCGCUGACCGCG
    60 47 UGAAGGUUUAUUGAGACCUUC
    61 48 AAGAUGGACCACAAAGGCCUG
    62 49 UUCAGUGUCAGGAGGUGCAUG
    63 50 UAGAUGAGGUACACGCCGUCU
    64 51 UCAUACUUCUGCUUCAGUGUC
    65 52 UUAGGAAUGGAUGCCCUGGGU
    66 53 AUGGAGACCAUGGGUGUCCAG
    67 54 UACUUCUGCUUCAGUGUCAGG
    68 55 UUCAUGCUGUCAGUUCUGCUC
    69 56 AAGCAGGACAAGAUGGACCAC
    70 57 AUUCUCAUGGAGCCCAGCCAG
    71 58 UGCGGAACCAGAAGGCUCCUG
    72 59 AGAGAUUGUCCUCUGCUCCCU
    73 60 AAGUCCUCCAAGUCCACUCGC
    74 61 UCCAAGUCCACUCGCAGCUCA
    75 62 UUCAGUCCCUACCCACUCCCA
    76 63 UGUUCACACUGCACUGCUCAG
    77 64 UAGGAAUGGAUGCCCUGGGUG
    78 65 AACCUCUCAACACCCAGAGGG
    79 66 UGGGCAUAGAUGUCGUCACAG
    80 67 UGGGACAUGGUUUGAGAGCAG
    81 68 UCCACGGUACUCACCACAGGG
    82 69 AAGACCUCAUAUGCAUGCCUA
    83 70 AGCUUGUAGUCAUUCCAGCCG
    84 71 UCAUGCUGUCAGUUCUGCUCA
    85 72 UGUUGGGACAGGUUGGAGGCA
    86 73 AAGCUGAGUAUGAUAGUGAGG
    87 74 UGUUGUUCUCAAAGUCCUCCA
    88 75 UCUGCUUCAGUGUCAGGAGGU
    89 76 UGUUUCAGGGUGGUGUGCGGU
    90 77 UGUGCCUCUCGGAAGAGGCCU
    91 78 UGUAGUCAUUCCAGCCGCGGA
    92 79 UAUUAUUAUUAUGUUAUUAUU
    93 80 UAUUAUUAUGUUAUUAUUACA
    94 81 UCAGUCCCUACCCACUCCCAG
    95 82 UUAUUAUGUUAUUAUUACACU
    96 83 UAGGACAGGGAGUCACCUGCC
    97 84 UACUCUCCAUCAGCACGGCCG
    98 85 UGAGUAUGAUAGUGAGGUGGG
    99 86 AUGGAGAAGUCAGCGUACUUG
    100 87 AUGAUAGUGAGGUGGGCUGGG
    101 88 UGGUAGGACAGGGAGUCACCU
    102 89 UGUCAGUUCUGCUCAGAGUGG
    103 90 UCUCAAAGUCCUCCAAGUCCA
    104 91 UCUGAAGGUUUAUUGAGACCU
    105 92 AUUAUUAUUAUGUUAUUAUUA
    106 93 UACACGCCGUCUGACUGGUAG
    107 94 UUGUCCUCUGCUCCCUCAUGU
    108 95 UGUGAAAUACAAGGUUCCCUU
    109 96 UCCUGGUCCCGGUCGAAGGUA
    110 97 AGCAGAAGCAUGCAUCAGGGG
    111 98 GAUGUCGUCACAGUCCAGGGG
    112 99 AUGAGGUACACGCCGUCUGAC
    113 100 UUUCAGGGUGGUGUGCGGUAG
    114 101 UCCACAGUGAGGAAGCAGGAC
    115 102 UUUGAGGGAGUAGUAGAAGCC
    116 103 UCGGAUCCCGGAGACCUGGGG
    117 104 UUCCCUUCUGCACCUGACUCC
    118 105 UGCAGAGAUUGUCCUCUGCUC
    119 106 AUCUCAGUGCGUUUGAGGGAG
    120 107 UCGGUGGUCAUGUCACAGAAG
    121 108 CUGAGUAUGAUAGUGAGGUGG
    122 109 UGAAAUACAAGGUUCCCUUCU
    123 110 AGGUUCUGAAGGUUUAUUGAG
    124 111 UGGUCAUGUCACAGAAGACGG
    125 112 UUCCAGCCGCGGAAGAAACUU
    126 113 UGAUAGUGAGGUGGGCUGGGG
    127 114 CAUGCUGUCAGUUCUGCUCAG
    128 115 UCAGCUGUUGGGACAGGUUGG
    129 116 ACAUGGUUUGAGAGCAGCCCA
    130 117 UAAGUUGGUGGGAGGGAUGCU
    131 118 CAAGGUUCCCUUCUGCACCUG
    132 119 CUCAGCUUAGCACACUAGGGU
    133 120 AGAGCAUCUCCUCGGAUCCCG
    134 121 UCCUCGGAUCCCGGAGACCUG
    135 122 CAUAGAUGUCGUCACAGUCCA
    136 123 AACCAGAAGGCUCCUGAGGAG
    137 124 CUUGUAGUCAUUCCAGCCGCG
    138 125 AGGCCUGUGAAAUACAAGGUU
    139 126 UCCCUUCUGCACCUGACUCCA
    140 127 UGUGGUAGGACAGGGAGUCAC
    141 128 UGAGGAAGCAGGACAAGAUGG
    142 129 AGCAUCUCCUCGGAUCCCGGA
    143 130 AGAACCAUGUGCCUCUCGGAA
    144 131 UGGUGCUCGGGAAUCAGCAGA
    145 132 GUUCUGCACAAAGAGGUCCUG
    146 133 GUCGAAGGUAGAGAACUUCUG
    147 134 AGGUACACGCCGUCUGACUGG
    148 135 AACUCAUUCUCAUGGAGCCCA
    149 136 AUGCUGAAGAUGGGACAUGGU
    150 137 UGCUGAAGAUGGGACAUGGUU
    151 138 UGCGCAGUUCUGCACAAAGAG
    152 139 UAGCCCUGGGCAUAGAUGUCG
    153 140 AAGACGGGCACAGGCACACUG
    154 141 AUGCUGUCAGUUCUGCUCAGA
    155 142 AAAGUCCUCCAAGUCCACUCG
    156 143 AGUAGAAGCCCUUCCACUGGG
    157 144 UGUCCUCUGCUCCCUCAUGUG
    158 145 UCCACUCGCAGCUCAUACUUC
    159 146 UCGGGAAUCAGCAGAAGCAUG
    160 147 AUCAGCACGGCCGAAGCCCAG
    161 148 GUUAUUAUUACACUGUCUUUU
    162 149 UGCGCUGACCGCGUUCGGGGA
    163 150 ACAAAGAGGUCCUGGUCCCGG
    164 151 AAGUUGGUGGGAGGGAUGCUG
    165 152 UGCACCUGACUCCAGGUGUAA
    166 153 UGCACUGCUCAGCUUAGCACA
    167 154 AGUCCUCCAAGUCCACUCGCA
    168 155 UUCACACUGCACUGCUCAGCU
    169 156 UCAUAUGCAUGCCUACCUUGG
    170 157 UGAGGAGAGAGCUGCGCAGUU
    171 158 CAGCUCAUACUUCUGCUUCAG
    172 159 UGUCACAGAAGACGGGCACAG
    173 160 AAACCUCUCAACACCCAGAGG
    174 161 UCUGCACCUGACUCCAGGUGU
    175 162 ACAGUGAGGAAGCAGGACAAG
    176 163 UGGUUUGAGAGCAGCCCAGAG
    177 164 UCUGACUGGUAGCCCUGGGCA
    178 165 UCAUCUCAGUGCGUUUGAGGG
    179 166 UGAAGAUGGGACAUGGUUUGA
    180 167 CAGCUUAGCACACUAGGGUGG
    181 168 UCUGCACAAAGAGGUCCUGGU
    182 169 UGCCUCUCGGAAGAGGCCUGG
    183 170 UGCUCAGCUUAGCACACUAGG
    184 171 ACUUCUGCUUCAGUGUCAGGA
    185 172 AUUAUUAUGUUAUUAUUACAC
    186 173 UCAUGUCACAGAAGACGGGCA
    187 174 AGAUGAGGUACACGCCGUCUG
    188 175 GUUGUUCUCAAAGUCCUCCAA
    189 176 UCAACACCCAGAGGGUAUGGG
    190 177 AUUCAGGUUCUGAAGGUUUAU
    191 178 CUGAAGGUUUAUUGAGACCUU
    192 179 UGGAGAGAAGCAGCAGCAGCG
    193 180 UCAAAGUCCUCCAAGUCCACU
    194 181 UUGAGAGCAGCCCAGAGGAGU
    195 182 UUGGUGGGAGGGAUGCUGAAG
    196 183 UAGUCAUUCCAGCCGCGGAAG
    197 184 AUGGACCACAAAGGCCUGCAG
    198 185 AAUACAAGGUUCCCUUCUGCA
    199 186 CAUGGUUUGAGAGCAGCCCAG
    200 187 UCAUUCAGGUUCUGAAGGUUU
    201 188 UUAUUAUUAUGUUAUUAUUAC
    202 189 AGGCAACUCAUUCUCAUGGAG
    203 190 UGGAGAAGUCAGCGUACUUGG
    204 191 AGUACUCUCCAUCAGCACGGC
    205 192 AUACAAGGUUCCCUUCUGCAC
    206 193 ACUGCUCAGCUUAGCACACUA
    207 194 CUAGAAUACACCAUGGGCCCU
    208 195 UCAGCAGAAGCAUGCAUCAGG
    209 196 UCCUGAGGAGAGAGCUGCGCA
    210 197 AUCCUCCUCUGCGCUGACCGC
    211 198 CUCCAGAGCAUCUCCUCGGAU
    212 199 AGUGCCUUCAUGCUGUCAGUU
    213 200 CACACUGCACUGCUCAGCUUA
    214 201 CUCUCCAGAGCAUCUCCUCGG
    215 202 AAAUACAAGGUUCCCUUCUGC
    216 203 UGGAGGCAACUCAUUCUCAUG
    217 204 UUCAGGUUCUGAAGGUUUAUU
    218 205 CUGCUCAGCUUAGCACACUAG
    219 206 CACAAAGAGGUCCUGGUCCCG
    220 207 UACACCAUGGGCCCUGUUCAC
    221 208 UCAGGAGGUGCAUGUUCUGCA
    222 209 UGUCAGCUGUUGGGACAGGUU
    223 210 AGCAGAGGGAGCACUCAUGGA
    224 211 GAGACCUUCAGUCCCUACCCA
    225 212 ACUCGCAGCUCAUACUUCUGC
    226 213 ACUCAUUCUCAUGGAGCCCAG
    227 214 UGGUCCCGGUCGAAGGUAGAG
    228 215 CUGUGAAAUACAAGGUUCCCU
    229 216 UACCCACUCCCAGCCCUGCAG
    230 217 UUCUCAAAGUCCUCCAAGUCC
    231 218 AGCCGCGGAAGAAACUUACUG
    232 219 AGAUGUCGUCACAGUCCAGGG
    233 220 AGCACUCAUGGAGACCAUGGG
    234 221 ACUCUCCAUCAGCACGGCCGA
    235 222 CUUCAGUGUCAGGAGGUGCAU
    236 223 GAAGCUGAGUAUGAUAGUGAG
    237 224 CAGGAGGUGCAUGUUCUGCAG
    238 225 CAUCUCAGUGCGUUUGAGGGA
    239 226 AGUGUAACUUCAGGUGUAGGG
    240 227 ACAAGGUUCCCUUCUGCACCU
    241 228 AGGUUUAUUGAGACCUUCAGU
    242 229 CUCCUCUGCGCUGACCGCGUU
    243 230 AUUGUCCUCUGCUCCCUCAUG
    244 231 CACUCGCAGCUCAUACUUCUG
    245 232 UCCACUUCCCGCCCUCGGUGG
    246 233 CAGGCUAGAACCAUGUGCCUC
    247 234 AAAGAGGUCCUGGUCCCGGUC
    248 235 CUCGGGAAUCAGCAGAAGCAU
    249 236 ACGGGCACAGGCACACUGGGG
    250 237 CUCUCCAUCAGCACGGCCGAA
    251 238 UCAGGUUCUGAAGGUUUAUUG
    252 239 AGUUCUGCACAAAGAGGUCCU
    253 240 UAGAAGCCCUUCCACUGGGCC
    254 241 AGUAUGAUAGUGAGGUGGGCU
    255 242 ACAGGUUGGAGGCAACUCAUU
    256 243 ACCAUGUGCCUCUCGGAAGAG
    257 244 AGCUGUUGGGACAGGUUGGAG
    258 245 ACCUCUCCAGAGCAUCUCCUC
    259 246 UCCUCUGCGCUGACCGCGUUC
    260 247 GGUCAUGUCACAGAAGACGGG
    261 248 AUGGUUUGAGAGCAGCCCAGA
    262 249 UCAGGGUGGUGUGCGGUAGCU
    263 250 UACAAGGUUCCCUUCUGCACC
    264 251 AAGAGGUCCUGGUCCCGGUCG
    265 252 UCCAGCCGCGGAAGAAACUUA
    266 253 CUCAUAUGCAUGCCUACCUUG
    267 254 AAGGUUCCCUUCUGCACCUGA
    268 255 UGCUGUCAGUUCUGCUCAGAG
    269 256 AACACCCAGAGGGUAUGGGGA
    270 257 GUAGAUGAGGUACACGCCGUC
    271 258 UAGGCCGUGUUGUUCUCAAAG
    272 259 AGAUGGGACAUGGUUUGAGAG
    273 260 UUCCACUGGGCCCAGUUGAUG
    274 261 CAGCUGUUGGGACAGGUUGGA
    275 262 AGCCCUGCAGAGAUUGUCCUC
    276 263 CAUACUUCUGCUUCAGUGUCA
    277 264 UUCUGAAGGUUUAUUGAGACC
    278 265 AGGACAGGGAGUCACCUGCCC
    279 266 ACAAGAUGGACCACAAAGGCC
    280 267 AGAGGUCCUGGUCCCGGUCGA
    281 268 AGCUGAGUAUGAUAGUGAGGU
    282 269 UCCCUACCCACUCCCAGCCCU
    283 270 AGGCUCCUGAGGAGAGAGCUG
    284 271 AGACCAUGGGUGUCCAGGGGA
    285 272 GUCCACUCGCAGCUCAUACUU
    286 273 AUUGAGACCUUCAGUCCCUAC
    287 274 AUGAGGCCUGUGAAAUACAAG
    288 275 UCACAGAAGACGGGCACAGGC
    289 276 AGAUUGUCCUCUGCUCCCUCA
    290 277 AGACCUUCAGUCCCUACCCAC
    291 278 CUGUUCACACUGCACUGCUCA
    292 279 GUAGGACACCAUCAGCAGGGG
    293 280 GUGUAACUUCAGGUGUAGGGG
    294 281 GAGACCAUGGGUGUCCAGGGG
    295 282 CAACUCAUUCUCAUGGAGCCC
    296 283 CUGACUGGUAGCCCUGGGCAU
    297 284 GGAAGAAACUUACUGAGCCAU
    298 285 CGGAAGAAACUUACUGAGCCA
    299 286 CUGUCAGUUCUGCUCAGAGUG
    300 287 CCCAGCUUGUAGUCAUUCCAG
    301 288 AAGCCCUUCCACUGGGCCCAG
    302 289 GUACACGCCGUCUGACUGGUA
    303 290 GCUAAACCUCUCAACACCCAG
    304 291 AGAAGCAGCAGCAGCGGCAGG
    305 292 UCAGUGUCAGGAGGUGCAUGU
    306 293 AGAGAAGCAGCAGCAGCGGCA
    307 294 UGACUGGUAGCCCUGGGCAUA
    308 295 CUGCUUCAGUGUCAGGAGGUG
    309 296 CACGGUACUCACCACAGGGGA
    310 297 CUCGGUGGUCAUGUCACAGAA
    311 298 AAGGAGUUGGUGCUCGGGAAU
    312 299 GAGUAUGAUAGUGAGGUGGGC
    313 300 GGAAUCAGCAGAAGCAUGCAU
    314 301 CUAGAACCAUGUGCCUCUCGG
    315 302 CUCGCAGCUCAUACUUCUGCU
    316 303 UGCUUCAGUGUCAGGAGGUGC
    317 304 UCCUCCAAGUCCACUCGCAGC
    318 305 AGGAGUGCCUUCAUGCUGUCA
    319 306 GUCCUCCAAGUCCACUCGCAG
    320 307 ACACUGCACUGCUCAGCUUAG
    321 308 GAGUAGUAGAAGCCCUUCCAC
    322 309 GUAGUCAUUCCAGCCGCGGAA
    323 310 CUGCAGAGAUUGUCCUCUGCU
    324 311 AUGGGCCCUGUUCACACUGCA
    325 312 AUAGGCCGUGUUGUUCUCAAA
    326 313 AUGGGACAUGGUUUGAGAGCA
    327 314 GAGGGAGUAGUAGAAGCCCUU
    328 315 GACAGGUUGGAGGCAACUCAU
    329 316 CCUCAUAUGCAUGCCUACCUU
    330 317 AAUCAGCAGAAGCAUGCAUCA
    331 318 CCAGGCUAGAACCAUGUGCCU
    332 319 UGCACAAAGAGGUCCUGGUCC
    333 320 CGUGGAGAGAAGCAGCAGCAG
    334 321 CUGCACCUGACUCCAGGUGUA
    335 322 CUCCAAGUCCACUCGCAGCUC
    336 323 AGUAGUAGAAGCCCUUCCACU
    337 324 UCAGUGCGUUUGAGGGAGUAG
    338 325 GGUAGGACAGGGAGUCACCUG
    339 326 CAGGGUGGUGUGCGGUAGCUG
    340 327 AGACGGGCACAGGCACACUGG
    341 328 CACAGUGAGGAAGCAGGACAA
    342 329 CUUCAUGCUGUCAGUUCUGCU
    343 330 GGAGAGAAGCAGCAGCAGCGG
    344 331 UGAGGUACACGCCGUCUGACU
    345 332 CUCCUGAGGAGAGAGCUGCGC
    346 333 AUCUCCUCGGAUCCCGGAGAC
    347 334 UGAGACCUUCAGUCCCUACCC
  • TABLE 3
    Results for GRHPR. Score threshold: 70.
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA guide strand/AS
    NO siRNA_id Sequence
    348 1 UUCUGGGCUCGUCACAUCCAG
    349 2 UGAUGUUGAUGAACACAGCUG
    350 3 AUGUUGAUGAACACAGCUGUU
    351 4 UAGACACAAACUCUGCCUGGA
    352 5 UUCUGGAAGAAGUCCUUGUUG
    353 6 UUGUUGCAGAGUCCCUCGGUU
    354 7 UCACAUCCAGUCCAGCAGCUG
    355 8 AUCUUCUGGAAGAAGUCCUUG
    356 9 UGGAAGAAGUCCUUGUUGCAG
    357 10 UUUGUAGGCAGUGGUUCUGGG
    358 11 UGUUGAUGAACACAGCUGUUU
    359 12 AAUCUCUGGACACCGAAUGGU
    360 13 UUCUGCUGCUUCCUCAGGCCU
    361 14 UACAGAAAUCUCUGGACACCG
    362 15 UCGUCACAUCCAGUCCAGCAG
    363 16 UUGAUGAACACAGCUGUUUCC
    364 17 UUGCAGAGUCCCUCGGUUGCA
    365 18 UGAUGAACACAGCUGUUUCCU
    366 19 UCAUCUUCUGGAAGAAGUCCU
    367 20 UCUGCUGCUUCCUCAGGCCUG
    368 21 UCGGUUGCAGGUGUUAAGGAG
    369 22 UUGUAGGCAGUGGUUCUGGGC
    370 23 UUCCUUCAUCUUCUGGAAGAA
    371 24 UCUGCCUGGAAUUCUGCUGCU
    372 25 UUCUUCAGGGUCAGGAGAGGG
    373 26 UGGAAUUCUGCUGCUUCCUCA
    374 27 AGCUGUUUCCUUCAUCUUCUG
    375 28 UGUUUCCUUCAUCUUCUGGAA
    376 29 UUCAUCUUCUGGAAGAAGUCC
    377 30 AUGAACACAGCUGUUUCCUUC
    378 31 ACAGAAAUCUCUGGACACCGA
    379 32 UUGCAGGUGUUAAGGAGCAGG
    380 33 UCUCUGGACACCGAAUGGUUU
    381 34 UCUUCUGGAAGAAGUCCUUGU
    382 35 UGGUACAGGUCGUCCUGGUUU
    383 36 CUGAUGUUGAUGAACACAGCU
    384 37 GUAGACACAAACUCUGCCUGG
    385 38 AUGGUUUCAGACGCCGAGCAA
    386 39 AACUCUGCCUGGAAUUCUGCU
    387 40 AUCUCUGGACACCGAAUGGUU
    388 41 UAGGCAGUGGUUCUGGGCUCG
    389 42 UGUACAGAAAUCUCUGGACAC
    390 43 UGUUGCAGAGUCCCUCGGUUG
    391 44 UGCUGAUGUUGAUGAACACAG
    392 45 UUCAGGGUCAGGAGAGGGUGG
    393 46 CUUGUUGCAGAGUCCCUCGGU
    394 47 ACUCUGCCUGGAAUUCUGCUG
    395 48 CAGAAAUCUCUGGACACCGAA
    396 49 UGAAAUCAGAUUGGGCAGCCA
    397 50 CAUCUUCUGGAAGAAGUCCUU
    398 51 UGCAGAGUCCCUCGGUUGCAG
    399 52 AGUCCUUGUUGCAGAGUCCCU
    400 53 AAGUCCUUGUUGCAGAGUCCC
    401 54 UCCUGGUUUACGACGUCGCCC
    402 55 GAUGUUGAUGAACACAGCUGU
    403 56 AAAUCUCUGGACACCGAAUGG
    404 57 UCAGGGUCAGGAGAGGGUGGU
    405 58 UUUCCUUCAUCUUCUGGAAGA
    406 59 AAGAAGUCCUUGUUGCAGAGU
    407 60 CUGCCUGGAAUUCUGCUGCUU
    408 61 UCGUCCUGGUUUACGACGUCG
    409 62 UGAACACAGCUGUUUCCUUCA
    410 63 GAACACAGCUGUUUCCUUCAU
    411 64 CAGUCCAGCAGCUGCAAUCUU
    412 65 ACAUCCAGUCCAGCAGCUGCA
    413 66 UCCUUGUUGCAGAGUCCCUCG
    414 67 AGACACAAACUCUGCCUGGAA
    415 68 AGUCCAGCAGCUGCAAUCUUA
    416 69 AAUUCUGCUGCUUCCUCAGGC
    417 70 UGCUGCUUCCUCAGGCCUGGG
    418 71 ACAGCUGUUUCCUUCAUCUUC
    419 72 CUUCUGGAAGAAGUCCUUGUU
    420 73 AAACUCUGCCUGGAAUUCUGC
    421 74 CACAGCUGUUUCCUUCAUCUU
    422 75 UCUGGGCUCGUCACAUCCAGU
    423 76 AUCCAGUCCAGCAGCUGCAAU
    424 77 AGCAGCUGCAAUCUUACCACU
    425 78 UGCUUCCUCAGGCCUGGGCUG
    426 79 UGUAGGCAGUGGUUCUGGGCU
    427 80 UACAGGUCGUCCUGGUUUACG
    428 81 CAUCCAGUCCAGCAGCUGCAA
    429 82 AGAGUCCCUCGGUUGCAGGUG
    430 83 UCUUCAGGGUCAGGAGAGGGU
    431 84 UCCUUCAUCUUCUGGAAGAAG
    432 85 CCUUGUUGCAGAGUCCCUCGG
    433 86 AACACAGCUGUUUCCUUCAUC
    434 87 AGUCCCUCGGUUGCAGGUGUU
    435 88 GUUGCAGGUGUUAAGGAGCAG
    436 89 UCUGGAAGAAGUCCUUGUUGC
    437 90 GAUGAACACAGCUGUUUCCUU
    438 91 CUGGUUUACGACGUCGCCCCU
    439 92 CUGGUACAGGUCGUCCUGGUU
    440 93 CUGUUUCCUUCAUCUUCUGGA
    441 94 AGGCCUGGUACAGGUCGUCCU
    442 95 ACGACGAUGAAAUCAGAUUGG
    443 96 AUUCUGCUGCUUCCUCAGGCC
    444 97 CAGCUGCAAUCUUACCACUGG
    445 98 GCAGCUGCAAUCUUACCACUG
    446 99 AGUUCUUCAGGGUCAGGAGAG
    447 100 ACCGAAUGGUUUCAGACGCCG
    448 101 ACAGUUCUUCAGGGUCAGGAG
    449 102 GUCCUUGUUGCAGAGUCCCUC
    450 103 GCUGUUUCCUUCAUCUUCUGG
    451 104 AAUGGUUUCAGACGCCGAGCA
    452 105 UCUGGACACCGAAUGGUUUCA
    453 106 ACAAACUCUGCCUGGAAUUCU
    454 107 UGGUUUGUAGGCAGUGGUUCU
    455 108 CAAACUCUGCCUGGAAUUCUG
    456 109 CUGCUGAUGUUGAUGAACACA
  • TABLE 4
    Results for ITFG1. Score threshold: 70.
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA_ siRNA guide strand/
    NO id AS Sequence
    457 1 UAUAAAUACACAAACACUGGA
    458 2 UAGAUCACCAUUGAAAUCCAU
    459 3 UAGAAUAAGAAGCAAGACCAA
    460 4 UUGCAUUGAAGUCUGAAUGUA
    461 5 UUGACCACUUACUCUGUGCUA
    462 6 UUAAUGUUUACAGUAACUCAA
    463 7 UAUACAUGAUAUAAGGUCCAG
    464 8 UUAUCUUACGAGGACAGUCAU
    465 9 UUAUAAAUACACAAACACUGG
    466 10 UUUAGGUCUGUCAGCUCCCAG
    467 11 UAUCAAUGCACUGUGAUUCUU
    468 12 UAUUGCUGAAAUCUUGUAGGA
    469 13 AUAUUGACCACUUACUCUGUG
    470 14 UACUUGUAGUGGUCAAUGCUG
    471 15 UUACUCUGUGCUAGGCACCAA
    472 16 AUUUAUUUGAAUACUUUCCAA
    473 17 UAUGGAAUGACAAUUAGCUGG
    474 18 UAGGACUGGAACCCACUGCUU
    475 19 UAAUAUGAGCAAGUAAAUCUU
    476 20 UAAGUCUAAUAAGAUCAUCUA
    477 21 UUUACUUAGCACUACAAUGUC
    478 22 UUAUAGACUUCUCCAAGUGUU
    479 23 UGACCUGCUGUGAUGAAGCUG
    480 24 AUACUUUCCAAUAAUUACCAU
    481 25 UUGCGCUCCGACCUAAACCAA
    482 26 UAGACUUUAAACAUUCGACGC
    483 27 UUAUUAGCAUUGAUAAACUUU
    484 28 UAGAACACAGACCACUAAGAA
    485 29 UUCUUUAGUAUGACCAGAGCG
    486 30 UAGCACUACAAUGUCCAAGAU
    487 31 UUGAGUAUGGUCAUAUUGUUA
    488 32 UAUAGCAGUAAGCAGAACAAU
    489 33 UGACUGUCCAACCACCAUCAU
    490 34 AAUCUUUAUGUCAAUCACCAA
    491 35 AUUAUUAGCAUUGAUAAACUU
    492 36 UAUUGUAGUCUCCAAUAUGAA
    493 37 UUAGUAUGACCAGAGCGUCUG
    494 38 AUAAAUACACAAACACUGGAG
    495 39 UUGAAUUAGGAGUUUAAGGCA
    496 40 UUGUAGGACUGGAACCCACUG
    497 41 UAGGAGUUUAAGGCAAGUCUG
    498 42 UAUCAGGAAUUAGAUCACCAU
    499 43 UCGUCAGGAAUAAAUCUGCUG
    500 44 UUGAUUUAGGUCUGUCAGCUC
    501 45 UAUUUAUUUGAAUACUUUCCA
    502 46 UAUUUCUAUAAUUAGAUGUAU
    503 47 UUGUAGUGGUCAAUGCUGGAU
    504 48 UGGAAUGACAAUUAGCUGGGA
    505 49 UUGUAUAUCCUUUACUUAGCA
    506 50 AUUAUAAAUACACAAACACUG
    507 51 UAUAGUACUGACAGAGAAGUU
    508 52 UAAACAUUCGACGCGCCUCUU
    509 53 AUUAAUAAUGACAACUACCAC
    510 54 UUGUUAUCAAUGCACUGUGAU
    511 55 UAUCAAGUCUAUGUAUUUCUA
    512 56 UUGGAGAGCUAAAUGUGCGGA
    513 57 UUUCCAAUAAUUACCAUGGGA
    514 58 UAUUGUUAGGAUCUAAUGUUU
    515 59 UAGUAUGACCAGAGCGUCUGG
    516 60 UUAAUAAUGACAACUACCACA
    517 61 UAAGGCAAGUCUGUCUUACUG
    518 62 AAGUCUAAUAAGAUCAUCUAA
    519 63 UAAGCAGAACAAUAUUACUUG
    520 64 UUGAAAGAUACCUUUACUUUG
    521 65 UACUGUGCUACCAAGUCAGAG
    522 66 UAAGCACUUCACAUACAUCAU
    523 67 UUUGGAAUGAUUGCAGUCCAC
    524 68 UAUAAUUAGAUGUAUAAGUCU
    525 69 UAAUUAGAUGUAUAAGUCUAA
    526 70 UAAAUUAUAGACUUCUCCAAG
    527 71 AUAUGUCAGAAGGACAUCCAU
    528 72 UCUUUGUAUAUCCUUUACUUA
    529 73 UUGGAGAGUACUAUAAUUUUU
    530 74 UUAAUUCUUGGAGAGUACUAU
    531 75 AUAAUUAGAUGUAUAAGUCUA
    532 76 UAAGAAGCAAGACCAAGUCAA
    533 77 UAGGGCACAUUAAUUCUUGGA
    534 78 UCUGUCUUACUGUGCUACCAA
    535 79 UUCUUUGUAUAUCCUUUACUU
    536 80 UUAUAAAUAAUAUUUAAUCUC
    537 81 UACAUCAUCCCAUUUAAUGUU
    538 82 UUGCAUUAUUACAAGGGACGU
    539 83 UAAUAAUGACAACUACCACAU
    540 84 UUUGAUUUAGGUCUGUCAGCU
    541 85 UUUCAGUUGGUUGCUGUUCAU
    542 86 UGAUUCUUGAAAGAUACCUUU
    543 87 UUGGUUGCUGUUCAUCCACAA
    544 88 UUGCAUUCCCAGAUGCUGCCU
    545 89 UAUAUCCUUUACUUAGCACUA
    546 90 AAUGAUUGCAGUCCACUCUUG
    547 91 UUGUAUACAUGAUAUAAGGUC
    548 92 UUCAACUAAUCAAGUGAACAG
    549 93 UUAAAGGCAAGUCACAUAGCA
    550 94 UUACAGUAACUCAAGUAUUAG
    551 95 AAUAUGAGCAAGUAAAUCUUU
    552 96 AAUAAUGACAACUACCACAUA
    553 97 AUGUCGUCAGGAAUAAAUCUG
    554 98 UAUCUUACGAGGACAGUCAUU
    555 99 UUACUUAGCACUACAAUGUCC
    556 100 AUUUAGGUCUGUCAGCUCCCA
    557 101 UUUAUUUGAAUACUUUCCAAU
    558 102 UCGAGGGACAUUGUGAGGGUA
    559 103 UUCCAUCUUCGUAAAUGUCAA
    560 104 AAGAAUAUUUCUUCAUGCCUG
    561 105 AUCUUGUAGGACUGGAACCCA
    562 106 UACUUAGCACUACAAUGUCCA
    563 107 UAAUUGGAAUUGGUAUUUCAG
    564 108 UUUAAUGUUUACAGUAACUCA
    565 109 UUGCUGUUCAUCCACAAAUGG
    566 110 UGAAUGCCUAAUGACUCCGUG
    567 111 UCAAACUGGAAGGUACUAGUG
    568 112 AACAGCUCCUAAUUCACUCUU
    569 113 UCCAAUAUAGUACUGACAGAG
    570 114 UUCAAGAAAUCAAAUGUUCUU
    571 115 UUAAGAAGACAUGUUAACAUG
    572 116 UAAAGGCAAGUCACAUAGCAU
    573 117 UACACAAACACUGGAGUACAU
    574 118 UGAAUUAGGAGUUUAAGGCAA
    575 119 AAUUUGAUUUAGGUCUGUCAG
    576 120 UUUACAGAGGUUAAACAAGAG
    577 121 AAGAACAAUAACUUUAACAAA
    578 122 UAAAUAAUAUUUAAUCUCCCC
    579 123 AUAUUGUUAGGAUCUAAUGUU
    580 124 UAUUUAUUAAGAAGACAUGUU
    581 125 UAGAUGUAUAAGUCUAAUAAG
    582 126 UAAGUAGAUGGUACUCUUUUG
    583 127 AACUAAUCAAGUGAACAGCCA
    584 128 UACAUGCAACACAUUCCACAA
    585 129 UUUGCAUUGAAGUCUGAAUGU
    586 130 UUUGAGAAUAGAAAUGUGAUU
    587 131 UAAGUGGUUGAAUUAGGAGUU
    588 132 UUUAUUAAGAAGACAUGUUAA
    589 133 UUGGAAUUGGUAUUUCAGUUG
    590 134 AUCAAGUCUAUGUAUUUCUAU
    591 135 UUCAUUAUCACAUGAUAAGGA
    592 136 AACAAUGACUUUGUAAGUGGU
    593 137 AUUGAGUAUGGUCAUAUUGUU
    594 138 UACAGUUGUAUACAUGAUAUA
    595 139 UACCAAGUCAGAGUACCCGAU
    596 140 UAUAAGUCUAAUAAGAUCAUC
    597 141 UGGUAUUUCAGUUGGUUGCUG
    598 142 AAGCAGAACAAUAUUACUUGG
    599 143 AAAUACACAAACACUGGAGUA
    600 144 UGCAUUAUUACAAGGGACGUU
    601 145 UUGUAAGUGGUUGAAUUAGGA
    602 146 UACUUGGUGUAAGAUACAGUU
    603 147 UUAAUUUGAUUUAGGUCUGUC
    604 148 AAUAAGAUUAUAAAUACACAA
    605 149 UUGGAUUCAUUUGUGAUACCA
    606 150 UAAGCAUCUGCUUCAAAGUUA
    607 151 AGACUUUAAACAUUCGACGCG
    608 152 ACAUAUUGACCACUUACUCUG
    609 153 UGACAGAGAAGUUUCCAUCCA
    610 154 UAGGUCUGUCAGCUCCCAGUA
    611 155 AUCUACAGUUGUAUACAUGAU
    612 156 UAUGUAUUUCUAUAAUUAGAU
    613 157 ACCACUAAGAACAAUAACUUU
    614 158 UGUGAUGAAGCUGAAUGCCUA
    615 159 UCAGAUACCCAUUUGCAUCUA
    616 160 AUUAGCAUUGAUAAACUUUUU
    617 161 UAACAGCUCCUAAUUCACUCU
    618 162 AUAAUGACAACUACCACAUAU
    619 163 UAUUAAUAAUGACAACUACCA
    620 164 UAUUUGAAUACUUUCCAAUAA
    621 165 UAAAUGCAUGAGAAUGUGGAA
    622 166 UAAUGUUUACAGUAACUCAAG
    623 167 UACAGCACUACAGAAUAGAGA
    624 168 UUGGUGUAAGAUACAGUUUGG
    625 169 AAUGUGAUUGAAGAUUUGCAU
    626 170 UGUAAGUGGUUGAAUUAGGAG
    627 171 AUUACUUGGUGUAAGAUACAG
    628 172 UUUACAGUAACUCAAGUAUUA
    629 173 UCGUAAAUGUCAAAGAAGGUG
    630 174 UUGGUAUUUCAGUUGGUUGCU
    631 175 ACACUUGUUAUCAAUGCACUG
    632 176 UUCACAUACAUCAUCCCAUUU
    633 177 AACUGGAAGGUACUAGUGGUG
    634 178 UAGGAUCUAAUGUUUGAUUUU
    635 179 UCUUUAGUAUGACCAGAGCGU
    636 180 UUAUGUAAUAUUAAAGGCAAG
    637 181 UACUGACAGAGAAGUUUCCAU
    638 182 AUGACUUUGUAAGUGGUUGAA
    639 183 AUUACAAGGGACGUUCUCCAG
    640 184 UCUGUGCUAGGCACCAAGCUA
    641 185 UACCCAUUUGCAUCUACAGUU
    642 186 UGCAUCUACAGUUGUAUACAU
    643 187 UCAUUCUUUGUAUAUCCUUUA
    644 188 UUAGAUCACCAUUGAAAUCCA
    645 189 UUGAGAAUAGAAAUGUGAUUG
    646 190 UAUGUCAGAAGGACAUCCAUU
    647 191 UAAGAACAAUAACUUUAACAA
    648 192 UUGUGACAUAUUCAAACCAUA
    649 193 UUUAGUAUGACCAGAGCGUCU
    650 194 UUGUAUGGUAGUUGGAGAGCU
    651 195 UUGCAGUCCACUCUUGUUUUC
    652 196 UAUUAGCAUUGAUAAACUUUU
    653 197 UAGUCUCCAAUAUGAAGGGUA
    654 198 UUUCAAACUGGAAGGUACUAG
    655 199 AAUUAUAGACUUCUCCAAGUG
    656 200 AUAAGCAUCUGCUUCAAAGUU
    657 201 AAACUGGAAGGUACUAGUGGU
    658 202 AUGACAACUACCACAUAUUGA
    659 203 UGUAUUUCUAUAAUUAGAUGU
    660 204 AAGUCUGCAAAUGCUGACUGU
    661 205 UCUCUAUCAUCUGCUUUCUUU
    662 206 ACAACUACCACAUAUUGACCA
    663 207 UAUUCAAACCAUAUUUAUUUG
    664 208 UUCGUAAAUGUCAAAGAAGGU
    665 209 AUUGCUGAAAUCUUGUAGGAC
    666 210 UUCGAGGGACAUUGUGAGGGU
    667 211 AGUCAUUAGAACACAGACCAC
    668 212 UAGACUUCUCCAAGUGUUUGA
    669 213 UUAUUGCUGAAAUCUUGUAGG
    670 214 ACUAAUCAAGUGAACAGCCAU
    671 215 UUGAAGUCUGAAUGUAAAUUA
    672 216 AUGAGAAUGUGGAAUUCGCAU
    673 217 UGUAAAUUAUAGACUUCUCCA
    674 218 UAUAGACUUCUCCAAGUGUUU
    675 219 UUAGGAUCUAAUGUUUGAUUU
    676 220 UCUUGUAGGACUGGAACCCAC
    677 221 UGCUGACUGUCCAACCACCAU
    678 222 UUAGAAUAAGAAGCAAGACCA
    679 223 UGUUAGGAUCUAAUGUUUGAU
    680 224 UGGUCAUAUUGUUAGGAUCUA
    681 225 UUGAAUACUUUCCAAUAAUUA
    682 226 UGAUUGCAGUCCACUCUUGUU
    683 227 UUAAACAUUCGACGCGCCUCU
    684 228 AUGUUUACAGUAACUCAAGUA
    685 229 UUACUGUGCUACCAAGUCAGA
    686 230 UUCUUCAUUAUCACAUGAUAA
    687 231 UGAAUGUAAAUUAUAGACUUC
    688 232 UAGCUGGGAAUUUGGAAUGAU
    689 233 UAGGCAUCACAUGUCCAUUUG
    690 234 UGAUAUAAGGUCCAGGUUGAU
    691 235 UCUAUGUAUUUCUAUAAUUAG
    692 236 UGCAACACAUUCCACAAAGGA
    693 237 UUUAAACAUUCGACGCGCCUC
    694 238 UUGAAGAUUUGCAUUCCCAGA
    695 239 UGUGAUUCUUGAAAGAUACCU
    696 240 GUAAAUUAUAGACUUCUCCAA
    697 241 AAAUGCUGACUGUCCAACCAC
    698 242 UCUUGAAAGAUACCUUUACUU
    699 243 UACUUUCCAAUAAUUACCAUG
    700 244 AUUGAAGAUUUGCAUUCCCAG
    701 245 UGCUGAAAUCUUGUAGGACUG
    702 246 AUUCCCUCCUAAUAGUAUCUG
    703 247 UGUAGUCUCCAAUAUGAAGGG
    704 248 UGUUUCAACUAAUCAAGUGAA
    705 249 UAUAAUUUGCAUCAUUAGAAU
    706 250 AUUGUUAGGAUCUAAUGUUUG
    707 251 AUAUCCUUUACUUAGCACUAC
    708 252 UGUAUGGUAGUUGGAGAGCUA
    709 253 AACAUGCUUAGAUACAAAGUA
    710 254 AUGUUCUUCAUUAUCACAUGA
    711 255 UACCCGAUCACUAUAUUGUAU
    712 256 UGUUCUUCAUUAUCACAUGAU
    713 257 UUAGCUGGGAAUUUGGAAUGA
    714 258 UAAAUACACAAACACUGGAGU
    715 259 AGGAAUUAGAUCACCAUUGAA
    716 260 UUCCCUCCUAAUAGUAUCUGU
    717 261 UUACUUGGUGUAAGAUACAGU
    718 262 AAAGAUACCUUUACUUUGGGU
    719 263 UUAGAUGUAUAAGUCUAAUAA
    720 264 ACACAUUCCACAAAGGAACAA
    721 265 UCUACAGUUGUAUACAUGAUA
    722 266 UGUAUAUCCUUUACUUAGCAC
    723 267 UUGUUAGGAUCUAAUGUUUGA
    724 268 UCUGCAAAUGCUGACUGUCCA
    725 269 UACCAACGUAGAGAUGGUCAA
    726 270 UAAACCAAGCACGUUGUAUGG
    727 271 AAGAAAUCAAAUGUUCUUCAU
    728 272 UCACAUGAUAAGGAUAAGUUU
    729 273 UGAAAUCUUGUAGGACUGGAA
    730 274 UGUCAGAAGGACAUCCAUUUG
    731 275 ACUUAGCACUACAAUGUCCAA
    732 276 AACUUCGAGGGACAUUGUGAG
    733 277 AUGGAAUGACAAUUAGCUGGG
    734 278 AUAUUUAUUAAGAAGACAUGU
    735 279 UACCAUGGGAUACAUCAUUUA
    736 280 AUCUUCGUAAAUGUCAAAGAA
    737 281 UCUUACUGUGCUACCAAGUCA
    738 282 UCAUUAUCACAUGAUAAGGAU
    739 283 UAAUUUGAUUUAGGUCUGUCA
    740 284 AGUACAUGCAACACAUUCCAC
    741 285 AUCAUUCUUUGUAUAUCCUUU
    742 286 AAAUAAUAUUUAAUCUCCCCU
    743 287 CAAGUCUGUCUUACUGUGCUA
    744 288 AAAGUCUGCAAAUGCUGACUG
    745 289 AUGAUUGCAGUCCACUCUUGU
    746 290 AAACCAAGCACGUUGUAUGGU
    747 291 AUAAAUAAUAUUUAAUCUCCC
    748 292 UUUGCAUCAUUAGAAUAAGAA
    749 293 AACACAGACCACUAAGAACAA
    750 294 ACAAUGACUUUGUAAGUGGUU
    751 295 UUCUAUAAUUAGAUGUAUAAG
    752 296 AUUUAUUAAGAAGACAUGUUA
    753 297 AUUGAAAUCCAUAAUUAGUGG
    754 298 AUUAUAGACUUCUCCAAGUGU
    755 299 AAUGACAACUACCACAUAUUG
    756 300 AAGUGGUUGAAUUAGGAGUUU
    757 301 AUAGUACUGACAGAGAAGUUU
    758 302 AAAGAAUAUUUCUUCAUGCCU
    759 303 UCCAUCUCCAUCAAAGUCUGC
    760 304 UGACAUAUUCAAACCAUAUUU
    761 305 UAGCAGUAAGCAGAACAAUAU
    762 306 UGACCACUUACUCUGUGCUAG
    763 307 AUAAGGUCCAGGUUGAUUCAC
    764 308 UAUAGGCAUCACAUGUCCAUU
    765 309 UGUUUGAGAAUAGAAAUGUGA
    766 310 AUAGACUUCUCCAAGUGUUUG
    767 311 UGUCCAAGAUUCCAUCUUCGU
    768 312 UUCUAUCAAGUCUAUGUAUUU
    769 313 AGAAGACAUGUUAACAUGCUU
    770 314 AUGUACAGCACUACAGAAUAG
    771 315 UAGGCACCAAGCUAAGCACUU
    772 316 UCAUUAGAACACAGACCACUA
    773 317 UCAUUUAUAAAUAAUAUUUAA
    774 318 AGAAUCUCCAUCAUAAUCCCC
    775 319 UAAUUCUUGGAGAGUACUAUA
    776 320 AUCUCAGUGAACUAUAAAGAA
    777 321 AUCCUUUACUUAGCACUACAA
    778 322 AUGUCCAUUUGCAUACUAGAA
    779 323 UAAAUCUUUAUGUCAAUCACC
    780 324 UCCAUCUUCGUAAAUGUCAAA
    781 325 UUUAAGGCAAGUCUGUCUUAC
    782 326 ACUAAGUAGAUGGUACUCUUU
    783 327 AUGCUGACUGUCCAACCACCA
    784 328 UCAACUAAUCAAGUGAACAGC
    785 329 UAUUACAAGGGACGUUCUCCA
    786 330 UGAAGGGUAAUUGGAAUUGGU
    787 331 UGAUUCACUCCAAAGGGUGUU
    788 332 AUUAAUUCUUGGAGAGUACUA
    789 333 AUUUGGAAUGAUUGCAGUCCA
    790 334 UUAACAUGCUUAGAUACAAAG
    791 335 AUAAGGAAUAUUUAUUAAGAA
    792 336 UAAUUUGCAUCAUUAGAAUAA
    793 337 AGCAGAACAAUAUUACUUGGU
    794 338 CUUAAUUUGAUUUAGGUCUGU
    795 339 AAUAGAAAUGUGAUUGAAGAU
    796 340 UAUGAGCAAGUAAAUCUUUAU
    797 341 UUUGAGAAUCUCCAUCAUAAU
    798 342 AGUUCAAACAAUGACUUUGUA
    799 343 UAGUUGGAGAGCUAAAUGUGC
    800 344 AUAGGGUGCAUUCUGGUCUGC
    801 345 UUGUAGUCUCCAAUAUGAAGG
    802 346 AUAAGAAGCAAGACCAAGUCA
    803 347 AUUAUGUAAUAUUAAAGGCAA
    804 348 UUCUUGGAGAGUACUAUAAUU
    805 349 UACACUUGUUAUCAAUGCACU
    806 350 AAGAAGACAUGUUAACAUGCU
    807 351 UUACAAGGGACGUUCUCCAGU
    808 352 CAUCAUUAGAAUAAGAAGCAA
    809 353 UUCAAUAAGGAAUAUUUAUUA
    810 354 UACAUGAUAUAAGGUCCAGGU
    811 355 AUUAGAACACAGACCACUAAG
    812 356 AUUAUUACAAGGGACGUUCUC
    813 357 UAGUGGUCAAUGCUGGAUGCC
    814 358 AUCCAUAUUGUAGUCUCCAAU
    815 359 AUAUGAGCAAGUAAAUCUUUA
    816 360 UUUGCAUCUACAGUUGUAUAC
    817 361 AGUAUGACCAGAGCGUCUGGA
    818 362 UACAAGGGACGUUCUCCAGUA
    819 363 UUACGAGGACAGUCAUUAGAA
    820 364 AUUAAGAAGACAUGUUAACAU
    821 365 UGAAGUCUGAAUGUAAAUUAU
    822 366 ACACAGACCACUAAGAACAAU
    823 367 CACUACAGAAUAGAGAACCCA
    824 368 UUCAAACCAUAUUUAUUUGAA
    825 369 UCAAAUGUUCUUCAUUAUCAC
    826 370 UCAGGAAUAAAUCUGCUGUAA
    827 371 UAUAAGGUCCAGGUUGAUUCA
    828 372 ACAAACACUGGAGUACAUGCA
    829 373 UUUAUAAAUAAUAUUUAAUCU
    830 374 ACAGAGGUUAAACAAGAGCCA
    831 375 UGUAGGACUGGAACCCACUGC
    832 376 UGUCCAACCACCAUCAUAUUU
    833 377 CAGUAGACUUUAAACAUUCGA
    834 378 ACAUGCAACACAUUCCACAAA
    835 379 UCAGAAGGACAUCCAUUUGAG
    836 380 UCUAUCAUCUGCUUUCUUUUC
    837 381 AUCAAUGCACUGUGAUUCUUG
    838 382 UUGCAUCAUUAGAAUAAGAAG
    839 383 UCAAAGUCUGCAAAUGCUGAC
    840 384 AGUCCUAUUGAGUAUGGUCAU
    841 385 UACCACAUAUUGACCACUUAC
    842 386 AGUAACUCAAGUAUUAGCCCC
    843 387 UAACAUGCUUAGAUACAAAGU
    844 388 UCACAUACAUCAUCCCAUUUA
    845 389 AUCAUUUAUAAAUAAUAUUUA
    846 390 CUUGUGACAUAUUCAAACCAU
    847 391 UGAUUGAAGAUUUGCAUUCCC
    848 392 ACUUGUUAUCAAUGCACUGUG
    849 393 AGGCAAGUCACAUAGCAUCAA
    850 394 UUGAUUCACUCCAAAGGGUGU
    851 395 AAUGUGAAGUUCACAAUACAA
    852 396 AGGACAGUCAUUAGAACACAG
    853 397 UGUUCUUUAGUAUGACCAGAG
    854 398 UAUUGAGUAUGGUCAUAUUGU
    855 399 GUAGUCUCCAAUAUGAAGGGU
    856 400 AUGUAUUUCUAUAAUUAGAUG
    857 401 UACUCUGUGCUAGGCACCAAG
    858 402 UGUUAACAUGCUUAGAUACAA
    859 403 AUAAAUGCAUGAGAAUGUGGA
    860 404 AUUUCAAACUGGAAGGUACUA
    861 405 UCCAAGAUUCCAUCUUCGUAA
    862 406 UCCUUUACUUAGCACUACAAU
    863 407 AAUACCAACGUAGAGAUGGUC
    864 408 ACAUGAUAUAAGGUCCAGGUU
    865 409 AUCUUUAUGUCAAUCACCAAA
    866 410 UGAAAGAUACCUUUACUUUGG
    867 411 AAGGCAAGUCUGUCUUACUGU
    868 412 UGGAAUUGGUAUUUCAGUUGG
    869 413 UAUAAAUAAUAUUUAAUCUCC
    870 414 AUAAAUUCCCUCCUAAUAGUA
    871 415 AUAAUUUGCAUCAUUAGAAUA
    872 416 ACUUGUAGUGGUCAAUGCUGG
    873 417 AUCUGCUUCAAAGUUAUUUUU
    874 418 UAAGAAGACAUGUUAACAUGC
    875 419 AAGCACUUCACAUACAUCAUC
    876 420 UACAUCAUUUAUAAAUAAUAU
    877 421 AUUGACCACUUACUCUGUGCU
    878 422 UUCAAUGUCGUCAGGAAUAAA
    879 423 AUACAUGAUAUAAGGUCCAGG
    880 424 AAAUGUUCUUCAUUAUCACAU
    881 425 AUUCAAACCAUAUUUAUUUGA
    882 426 CAUUAGAACACAGACCACUAA
    883 427 UGCUGGUUGCUUCCAGAUGUG
    884 428 AUUGGAAUUGGUAUUUCAGUU
    885 429 UAAUAUUAAAGGCAAGUCACA
    886 430 CACUUCACAUACAUCAUCCCA
    887 431 UAUCCUUUACUUAGCACUACA
    888 432 AAUACUUUCCAAUAAUUACCA
    889 433 UCCCUCCUAAUAGUAUCUGUG
    890 434 AUGUGAUUGAAGAUUUGCAUU
    891 435 AGAACAAUAUUACUUGGUGUA
    892 436 AAUAUUUAUUAAGAAGACAUG
    893 437 UCUAUCAAGUCUAUGUAUUUC
    894 438 AAUAUUAAAGGCAAGUCACAU
    895 439 UAUUUCAGUUGGUUGCUGUUC
    896 440 GUAUGGAAUGACAAUUAGCUG
    897 441 UCACAGCUUGCAUUAUUACAA
    898 442 AAGUCUGUCUUACUGUGCUAC
    899 443 AGUAUGGUCAUAUUGUUAGGA
    900 444 UCAAUAAGGAAUAUUUAUUAA
    901 445 AAACAAUGACUUUGUAAGUGG
    902 446 UGGAUUCAUUUGUGAUACCAA
    903 447 UAUUAAAGGCAAGUCACAUAG
    904 448 UGGGAAUUUGGAAUGAUUGCA
    905 449 AAUCUUGUAGGACUGGAACCC
    906 450 AUCUCCAUCAAAGUCUGCAAA
    907 451 UUAGAACACAGACCACUAAGA
    908 452 UCACUAAGUAGAUGGUACUCU
    909 453 UUUCUAUAAUUAGAUGUAUAA
    910 454 UGCAUUGAAGUCUGAAUGUAA
    911 455 UUUGCGCUCCGACCUAAACCA
    912 456 UGAUUUAGGUCUGUCAGCUCC
    913 457 AACCGGUGGGCUUCUUGUCGU
    914 458 UGAAGAUUUGCAUUCCCAGAU
    915 459 UUAUUUGAAUACUUUCCAAUA
    916 460 UCCCAGUAGACUUUAAACAUU
    917 461 UCAGUCAGAUCAAUAAAUGCA
    918 462 CAUCCAUUUGAGAAUCUCCAU
    919 463 UAGAAAUGUGAUUGAAGAUUU
    920 464 ACAGCUCCUAAUUCACUCUUG
    921 465 UUAGGUCUGUCAGCUCCCAGU
    922 466 AAGACAUGUUAACAUGCUUAG
    923 467 AUACCCAUUUGCAUCUACAGU
    924 468 AAAUCUUUAUGUCAAUCACCA
    925 469 CAGAGGUUAAACAAGAGCCAA
    926 470 AUCAGGAAUUAGAUCACCAUU
    927 471 UCCCAUUUAAUGUUUACAGUA
    928 472 AGGCAAGUCUGUCUUACUGUG
    929 473 UCUCAGUGAACUAUAAAGAAA
    930 474 UAUUGACCACUUACUCUGUGC
    931 475 AUGUAAAUUAUAGACUUCUCC
    932 476 UCAGAUCAAUAAAUGCAUGAG
    933 477 UGAGAAUGUGGAAUUCGCAUU
    934 478 UUGCAUCUACAGUUGUAUACA
    935 479 CUUAUUGCUGAAAUCUUGUAG
    936 480 ACUUGGUGUAAGAUACAGUUU
    937 481 AUAUUGUAGUCUCCAAUAUGA
    938 482 ACAUCCAUUUGAGAAUCUCCA
    939 483 UUAUCAAUGCACUGUGAUUCU
    940 484 AUUACCAUGGGAUACAUCAUU
    941 485 ACUUCACAUACAUCAUCCCAU
    942 486 AUCAAAGUCUGCAAAUGCUGA
    943 487 AUCCUUAAUUUGAUUUAGGUC
    944 488 UGAAGCUGAAUGCCUAAUGAC
    945 489 AGCAAGACCAAGUCAAGUGGA
    946 490 AUUGCAGUCCACUCUUGUUUU
    947 491 CAAACAAUGACUUUGUAAGUG
    948 492 UCUAAUAAGAUCAUCUAAAAU
    949 493 AUAACAGCUCCUAAUUCACUC
    950 494 UAAGGAAUAUUUAUUAAGAAG
    951 495 AAGGGUGUUAUCUUACGAGGA
    952 496 UAAUGACAACUACCACAUAUU
    953 497 UAUUACUUGGUGUAAGAUACA
    954 498 AUCAUUAGAAUAAGAAGCAAG
    955 499 CAAUAUAGUACUGACAGAGAA
    956 500 AUUGUAGUCUCCAAUAUGAAG
    957 501 UGACAACUACCACAUAUUGAC
    958 502 ACUACAAUGUCCAAGAUUCCA
    959 503 UCAGGAAUUAGAUCACCAUUG
    960 504 ACCGGUGGGCUUCUUGUCGUU
    961 505 AUGUCCAAGAUUCCAUCUUCG
    962 506 AAUAAAUGCAUGAGAAUGUGG
    963 507 AAGCAAGACCAAGUCAAGUGG
    964 508 UCUUCGUAAAUGUCAAAGAAG
    965 509 UUACCAUGGGAUACAUCAUUU
    966 510 UUACAGAGGUUAAACAAGAGC
    967 511 UUGCUGAAAUCUUGUAGGACU
    968 512 UUGGAAUGAUUGCAGUCCACU
    969 513 UAUGAAGGGUAAUUGGAAUUG
    970 514 AUGAGCAAGUAAAUCUUUAUG
    971 515 UUUGUAAGUGGUUGAAUUAGG
    972 516 AACUACCACAUAUUGACCACU
    973 517 UCAAACAAUGACUUUGUAAGU
    974 518 AAUUCUUGGAGAGUACUAUAA
    975 519 CUUACUGUGCUACCAAGUCAG
    976 520 ACAAUUAGCUGGGAAUUUGGA
    977 521 UGGAGUACAUGCAACACAUUC
    978 522 AGAAAUGUGAUUGAAGAUUUG
    979 523 UGCAUUCCCAGAUGCUGCCUA
    980 524 UAAAUUCCCUCCUAAUAGUAU
    981 525 AUUCUUUGUAUAUCCUUUACU
    982 526 UUCCAAUAAUUACCAUGGGAU
    983 527 UUCUUGAAAGAUACCUUUACU
    984 528 UGAGCAAGUAAAUCUUUAUGU
    985 529 CUGAAUGUAAAUUAUAGACUU
    986 530 UGUGAGGGUAUGGAAUGACAA
    987 531 AAUGUUCUUCAUUAUCACAUG
    988 532 ACAGACACCGAUGAGAGCUAU
    989 533 CCAACUUCGAGGGACAUUGUG
    990 534 UAGUACUGACAGAGAAGUUUC
    991 535 UUCACAGCUUGCAUUAUUACA
    992 536 CAUAUUGACCACUUACUCUGU
    993 537 AGGGACUACACUUGUUAUCAA
    994 538 UUAUCACAUGAUAAGGAUAAG
    995 539 AAUUACCAUGGGAUACAUCAU
    996 540 ACUACACUUGUUAUCAAUGCA
    997 541 UACAAUGUCCAAGAUUCCAUC
    998 542 AUUUGCAUUGAAGUCUGAAUG
    999 543 AUGAAGGGUAAUUGGAAUUGG
    1000 544 ACUACAGAAUAGAGAACCCAA
    1001 545 GAGAGCUAUAGCAGUAAGCAG
    1002 546 AGAAUGUGGAAUUCGCAUUUU
    1003 547 UCCAGGUUGAUUCACUCCAAA
    1004 548 UUUCAAGAAAUCAAAUGUUCU
    1005 549 ACCUAAACCAAGCACGUUGUA
    1006 550 AAUAUAGUACUGACAGAGAAG
    1007 551 GAUCUCACUAAGUAGAUGGUA
    1008 552 UGUACAGCACUACAGAAUAGA
    1009 553 UGUAAUAUUAAAGGCAAGUCA
    1010 554 UUCCUUUCAAGAAAUCAAAUG
    1011 555 AUCCAUUUGAGAAUCUCCAUC
    1012 556 UAUCACAUGAUAAGGAUAAGU
    1013 557 CAAUGCACUGUGAUUCUUGAA
    1014 558 UGGAGAGCUAAAUGUGCGGAU
    1015 559 UAAGAUUAUAAAUACACAAAC
    1016 560 AUAAGAUUAUAAAUACACAAA
    1017 561 UCUUGGAGAGUACUAUAAUUU
    1018 562 AACAAUAUUACUUGGUGUAAG
    1019 563 UCAAGAAAUCAAAUGUUCUUC
    1020 564 UGUCGUCAGGAAUAAAUCUGC
    1021 565 GAGUACAUGCAACACAUUCCA
    1022 566 UAUGACCAGAGCGUCUGGAUA
    1023 567 UCCAACCACCAUCAUAUUUUG
    1024 568 CUGCAAAUGCUGACUGUCCAA
    1025 569 UCCGACCUAAACCAAGCACGU
    1026 570 UGUCAGCUCCCAGUAGACUUU
    1027 571 AUUCUAUCAAGUCUAUGUAUU
    1028 572 CUUAGCACUACAAUGUCCAAG
    1029 573 UGAGAAUAGAAAUGUGAUUGA
    1030 574 AAGCACGUUGUAUGGUAGUUG
    1031 575 UAGGGUGCAUUCUGGUCUGCC
    1032 576 UCAAUGCACUGUGAUUCUUGA
    1033 577 UCCAAGUGUUUGAGAAUAGAA
    1034 578 UCCAAUAUGAAGGGUAAUUGG
    1035 579 CUUUCCAAUAAUUACCAUGGG
    1036 580 UUAAUAUGAGCAAGUAAAUCU
    1037 581 UUUCCUUUCAAGAAAUCAAAU
    1038 582 UGACUUUGUAAGUGGUUGAAU
    1039 583 GUAAGCAGAACAAUAUUACUU
    1040 584 AUUCCAUCUUCGUAAAUGUCA
    1041 585 UCUUACGAGGACAGUCAUUAG
    1042 586 AAAUGUGAUUGAAGAUUUGCA
    1043 587 ACAUAUUCAAACCAUAUUUAU
    1044 588 UGUGACAUAUUCAAACCAUAU
    1045 589 UUUGAAUACUUUCCAAUAAUU
    1046 590 AAUGCCUAAUGACUCCGUGAU
    1047 591 AUUUGAUUUAGGUCUGUCAGC
    1048 592 AUAGGCAUCACAUGUCCAUUU
    1049 593 UCAUGAUGCAAAUAAGAUUAU
    1050 594 AGUUGGUUGCUGUUCAUCCAC
    1051 595 AAGUCUAUGUAUUUCUAUAAU
    1052 596 UGCACUGUGAUUCUUGAAAGA
    1053 597 UGACAAUUAGCUGGGAAUUUG
    1054 598 UGUCCAUUUGCAUACUAGAAA
    1055 599 AUAGAAAUGUGAUUGAAGAUU
    1056 600 UCCAACUUCGAGGGACAUUGU
    1057 601 UUGAGAAUCUCCAUCAUAAUC
    1058 602 GAUCACUAUAUUGUAUGCCAU
    1059 603 UUCAUCCCAGAUCUCACUAAG
    1060 604 UGAGUAUGGUCAUAUUGUUAG
    1061 605 UGUGCUACCAAGUCAGAGUAC
    1062 606 CAAACUGGAAGGUACUAGUGG
    1063 607 ACACAAACACUGGAGUACAUG
    1064 608 AUAUCAGGAAUUAGAUCACCA
    1065 609 AAUGUUUACAGUAACUCAAGU
    1066 610 UGUUUACAGUAACUCAAGUAU
    1067 611 ACAUGCUUAGAUACAAAGUAA
    1068 612 AUCACCAUUGAAAUCCAUAAU
    1069 613 UAUUUCUUCAUGCCUGAAAAU
    1070 614 UCAAGUCUAUGUAUUUCUAUA
    1071 615 CAGAACAAUAUUACUUGGUGU
    1072 616 UAGUUAAUAUGAGCAAGUAAA
    1073 617 CUGAAAUCUUGUAGGACUGGA
    1074 618 AAACAUUCGACGCGCCUCUUC
    1075 619 UUCCUGCUCAUUUAAUUAUUU
    1076 620 UGGGAAGAUAUGUCAGAAGGA
    1077 621 UUUCAAUAAGGAAUAUUUAUU
    1078 622 AUGACUCCGUGAUAUAUUCAC
    1079 623 CAAACACUGGAGUACAUGCAA
    1080 624 AAUGACUUUGUAAGUGGUUGA
    1081 625 AAUGUCGUCAGGAAUAAAUCU
    1082 626 UUCCAUUAUGUAAUAUUAAAG
    1083 627 UUUGCAUUCCCAGAUGCUGCC
    1084 628 UCAUAUUGUUAGGAUCUAAUG
    1085 629 AAGUGUUUGAGAAUAGAAAUG
    1086 630 AAGAUAACAGCUCCUAAUUCA
    1087 631 AUUCUUGAAAGAUACCUUUAC
    1088 632 AGUUUAAGGCAAGUCUGUCUU
    1089 633 ACUACCACAUAUUGACCACUU
    1090 634 AGGAGUUUAAGGCAAGUCUGU
    1091 635 UUCAGUUGGUUGCUGUUCAUC
    1092 636 AUUUAAUGUUUACAGUAACUC
    1093 637 UCACAUGUCCAUUUGCAUACU
    1094 638 UGCCCUUAUUGCUGAAAUCUU
    1095 639 UGUAUAAGUCUAAUAAGAUCA
    1096 640 UACAGAGGUUAAACAAGAGCC
    1097 641 AAUUAGAUGUAUAAGUCUAAU
    1098 642 GAGAAUAGAAAUGUGAUUGAA
    1099 643 UGUCCAUCUCCAUCAAAGUCU
    1100 644 UUCAAACAAUGACUUUGUAAG
    1101 645 AAUGUAAAUUAUAGACUUCUC
    1102 646 GUAUACAUGAUAUAAGGUCCA
    1103 647 AGACUUCUCCAAGUGUUUGAG
    1104 648 UACAGAAUAGAGAACCCAAAU
    1105 649 CUUGUAGUGGUCAAUGCUGGA
    1106 650 UUUGUAUAUCCUUUACUUAGC
    1107 651 UUCUCCAAGUGUUUGAGAAUA
    1108 652 UCAAACCAUAUUUAUUUGAAU
    1109 653 AAUGACUCCGUGAUAUAUUCA
    1110 654 AUUCUUGGAGAGUACUAUAAU
    1111 655 CAUCAAAGUCUGCAAAUGCUG
    1112 656 AGACAUGUUAACAUGCUUAGA
    1113 657 UGUGAUUGAAGAUUUGCAUUC
    1114 658 AAGAUACCUUUACUUUGGGUU
    1115 659 AGAAUAUUUCUUCAUGCCUGA
    1116 660 AUUUGCAUCUACAGUUGUAUA
    1117 661 UCCAUUUGAGAAUCUCCAUCA
    1118 662 UCCAAAGAAUAUUUCUUCAUG
    1119 663 AAUAAUUACCAUGGGAUACAU
    1120 664 UGGAAAUGUGAAGUUCACAAU
    1121 665 ACACCGAUGAGAGCUAUAGCA
    1122 666 ACUGGAGUACAUGCAACACAU
    1123 667 AGGUCUGUCAGCUCCCAGUAG
    1124 668 UUAGGAGUUUAAGGCAAGUCU
    1125 669 AUAUAGUACUGACAGAGAAGU
    1126 670 CCAUUUGAGAAUCUCCAUCAU
    1127 671 UGUCUUACUGUGCUACCAAGU
    1128 672 ACAGCUUGCAUUAUUACAAGG
    1129 673 AGUAGACUUUAAACAUUCGAC
    1130 674 UACAGUAACUCAAGUAUUAGC
    1131 675 UGAGAGCUAUAGCAGUAAGCA
    1132 676 ACCAUUGAAAUCCAUAAUUAG
    1133 677 AGCUUGCAUUAUUACAAGGGA
    1134 678 CAUAUUUCAAACUGGAAGGUA
    1135 679 AACCAAGCACGUUGUAUGGUA
    1136 680 UCUGAAUGUAAAUUAUAGACU
    1137 681 ACCAUAUUUAUUUGAAUACUU
    1138 682 CUUGUUAUCAAUGCACUGUGA
    1139 683 AAAUCAAAUGUUCUUCAUUAU
    1140 684 UAUGGUCAUAUUGUUAGGAUC
    1141 685 AUCUUCAGUCAGAUCAAUAAA
    1142 686 UAUGGUAGUUGGAGAGCUAAA
    1143 687 UCCUUAAUUUGAUUUAGGUCU
    1144 688 AUCCCAGAUCUCACUAAGUAG
    1145 689 AAUAAGAAGCAAGACCAAGUC
    1146 690 AAACCGGUGGGCUUCUUGUCG
    1147 691 AGAUCUCACUAAGUAGAUGGU
    1148 692 AUUUCUAUAAUUAGAUGUAUA
    1149 693 UGGAAUGAUUGCAGUCCACUC
    1150 694 UUCAGUCAGAUCAAUAAAUGC
    1151 695 CACAUGUCCAUUUGCAUACUA
    1152 696 GUCAGGAAUAAAUCUGCUGUA
    1153 697 ACCCAUUUGCAUCUACAGUUG
    1154 698 AGGAUCUAAUGUUUGAUUUUG
    1155 699 AUAUUCAAACCAUAUUUAUUU
    1156 700 AGGUUGAUUCACUCCAAAGGG
    1157 701 GAAUGAUUGCAGUCCACUCUU
    1158 702 UCGACGCGCCUCUUCACAGCU
    1159 703 AUGACAAUUAGCUGGGAAUUU
    1160 704 AGAAUAAGAAGCAAGACCAAG
    1161 705 AGCUAAGCACUUCACAUACAU
    1162 706 UCCAUUUGCAUACUAGAAAAU
    1163 707 CACAUAUUGACCACUUACUCU
    1164 708 AUAUUUAUUUGAAUACUUUCC
    1165 709 AAUUGGUAUUUCAGUUGGUUG
    1166 710 AGCACUACAAUGUCCAAGAUU
    1167 711 AUGCCUAAUGACUCCGUGAUA
    1168 712 UCAUCAUGAUGCAAAUAAGAU
    1169 713 ACCUGCUGUGAUGAAGCUGAA
    1170 714 AAACACUGGAGUACAUGCAAC
    1171 715 UGCAUGAGAAUGUGGAAUUCG
    1172 716 GUCCAAGAUUCCAUCUUCGUA
    1173 717 CUACCACAUAUUGACCACUUA
    1174 718 UCCAUCAUCAUGAUGCAAAUA
    1175 719 CAAUGUCCAAGAUUCCAUCUU
    1176 720 UUAUUAAGAAGACAUGUUAAC
    1177 721 AGAAGGACAUCCAUUUGAGAA
    1178 722 UCAGAGUACCCGAUCACUAUA
    1179 723 AAUACACAAACACUGGAGUAC
    1180 724 CUGAAUGCCUAAUGACUCCGU
    1181 725 AUGUGAAGUUCACAAUACAAA
    1182 726 AGCAAGUAAAUCUUUAUGUCA
    1183 727 AAUUGGAAUUGGUAUUUCAGU
    1184 728 AAUAUUACUUGGUGUAAGAUA
    1185 729 CUUGGUGUAAGAUACAGUUUG
    1186 730 GUGAUUCUUGAAAGAUACCUU
    1187 731 UCACCAUUGAAAUCCAUAAUU
    1188 732 UGUAGUGGUCAAUGCUGGAUG
    1189 733 UCUUCAUUAUCACAUGAUAAG
    1190 734 AAGUUCAAACAAUGACUUUGU
    1191 735 UAUUUCAAACUGGAAGGUACU
    1192 736 AAGUCUGAAUGUAAAUUAUAG
    1193 737 AAUGUCCAAGAUUCCAUCUUC
    1194 738 UGUUAUCUUACGAGGACAGUC
    1195 739 GUGUUUGAGAAUAGAAAUGUG
    1196 740 AGACCUUGUGACAUAUUCAAA
    1197 741 AGAGCUAUAGCAGUAAGCAGA
    1198 742 AAGGGUAAUUGGAAUUGGUAU
    1199 743 UCCUGCUCAUUUAAUUAUUUU
    1200 744 CUGGAGUACAUGCAACACAUU
    1201 745 ACACAGACACCGAUGAGAGCU
    1202 746 AUCAUGAUGCAAAUAAGAUUA
    1203 747 AUUUGAAUACUUUCCAAUAAU
    1204 748 AGAUUAUAAAUACACAAACAC
    1205 749 GUAGUUGGAGAGCUAAAUGUG
    1206 750 AGUCAGAUCAAUAAAUGCAUG
    1207 751 UUUCAACUAAUCAAGUGAACA
    1208 752 ACUUCGAGGGACAUUGUGAGG
    1209 753 UUAUUACAAGGGACGUUCUCC
    1210 754 UGGUUGCUGUUCAUCCACAAA
    1211 755 ACAUGUCCAUUUGCAUACUAG
    1212 756 ACAGUUGUAUACAUGAUAUAA
    1213 757 UGCUGCCUACAGCAGUUUCCU
    1214 758 AUUAGAUGUAUAAGUCUAAUA
    1215 759 UUCGACGCGCCUCUUCACAGC
    1216 760 AAAUGCAUGAGAAUGUGGAAU
    1217 761 UCUAUAAUUAGAUGUAUAAGU
    1218 762 GACAGAGAAGUUUCCAUCCAA
    1219 763 UACAGCAGUUUCCUUUCAAGA
    1220 764 CUAUUGAGUAUGGUCAUAUUG
    1221 765 GUAUAAGUCUAAUAAGAUCAU
    1222 766 CAGUCAUUAGAACACAGACCA
    1223 767 AUUCAAUGUCGUCAGGAAUAA
    1224 768 AUGAUAUAAGGUCCAGGUUGA
    1225 769 AUUAUCACAUGAUAAGGAUAA
    1226 770 GUGUUCUUUAGUAUGACCAGA
    1227 771 CAGAGUGUGCCCUUAUUGCUG
    1228 772 AAGCUAAGCACUUCACAUACA
    1229 773 CUUUAGUAUGACCAGAGCGUC
    1230 774 UACGAGGACAGUCAUUAGAAC
    1231 775 AUGUAUAAGUCUAAUAAGAUC
    1232 776 CAUAUUGUUAGGAUCUAAUGU
    1233 777 AUGUCAGAAGGACAUCCAUUU
    1234 778 UGUGCUAGGCACCAAGCUAAG
    1235 779 AUUUGCAUCAUUAGAAUAAGA
    1236 780 CAAAGGGUGUUAUCUUACGAG
    1237 781 AGCAGUAAGCAGAACAAUAUU
    1238 782 AGAACAAUAACUUUAACAAAA
    1239 783 CAUUUGAGAAUCUCCAUCAUA
    1240 784 AUGCACUGUGAUUCUUGAAAG
    1241 785 ACACUGGAGUACAUGCAACAC
    1242 786 CCUUAUUGCUGAAAUCUUGUA
    1243 787 AUGACCAGAGCGUCUGGAUAG
    1244 788 AGGCCUGCUGGUUGCUUCCAG
    1245 789 AGGUUUACAGAGGUUAAACAA
    1246 790 AAAUUAUAGACUUCUCCAAGU
    1247 791 AGAUGCUGCCUACAGCAGUUU
    1248 792 UGGUUGGAUUCAUUUGUGAUA
    1249 793 CAUGAGAAUGUGGAAUUCGCA
    1250 794 GUACUGACAGAGAAGUUUCCA
    1251 795 GUCCAGGUUGAUUCACUCCAA
    1252 796 CCGACCUAAACCAAGCACGUU
    1253 797 AGUUGGAGAGCUAAAUGUGCG
    1254 798 CAUAUUGUAGUCUCCAAUAUG
    1255 799 CAUUAUGUAAUAUUAAAGGCA
    1256 800 CUACACUUGUUAUCAAUGCAC
    1257 801 AACCAUAUUUAUUUGAAUACU
    1258 802 AUAUUAAAGGCAAGUCACAUA
    1259 803 ACCAAGCUAAGCACUUCACAU
    1260 804 GAAAGAUACCUUUACUUUGGG
    1261 805 UUAAGGCAAGUCUGUCUUACU
    1262 806 AAUUUGCAUCAUUAGAAUAAG
    1263 807 CAUGAUAUAAGGUCCAGGUUG
    1264 808 AUAGCAGUAAGCAGAACAAUA
    1265 809 CAAUAAAUGCAUGAGAAUGUG
    1266 810 AGAAGUUUCCAUCCAAAUUUU
    1267 811 AAGCAUCUGCUUCAAAGUUAU
    1268 812 CACUUGUUAUCAAUGCACUGU
    1269 813 AUUCGACGCGCCUCUUCACAG
    1270 814 AAGCUGAAUGCCUAAUGACUC
    1271 815 UCCAUAUUGUAGUCUCCAAUA
    1272 816 AUAUUAAUAAUGACAACUACC
    1273 817 CUUUAAACAUUCGACGCGCCU
    1274 818 CUUCGAGGGACAUUGUGAGGG
    1275 819 AUGAAGCUGAAUGCCUAAUGA
    1276 820 GAACCCACUGCUUCAUCCCAG
    1277 821 AAAUGUGAAGUUCACAAUACA
    1278 822 ACCGAUGAGAGCUAUAGCAGU
    1279 823 CUUUGUAUAUCCUUUACUUAG
    1280 824 GUCGUCAGGAAUAAAUCUGCU
    1281 825 AGUCUGCAAAUGCUGACUGUC
    1282 826 UGUUAUCAAUGCACUGUGAUU
    1283 827 AUACACAAACACUGGAGUACA
    1284 828 GUUGGAGAGCUAAAUGUGCGG
    1285 829 AUUGAAGUCUGAAUGUAAAUU
    1286 830 CCUUGUGACAUAUUCAAACCA
    1287 831 UCAGCUCCCAGUAGACUUUAA
    1288 832 ACAGCACUACAGAAUAGAGAA
    1289 833 CUACAAUGUCCAAGAUUCCAU
    1290 834 ACUGCUUCAUCCCAGAUCUCA
    1291 835 ACCACUUACUCUGUGCUAGGC
    1292 836 AGAAUAGAGAACCCAAAUUUU
    1293 837 ACUAAGAACAAUAACUUUAAC
    1294 838 AUUGUGAGGGUAUGGAAUGAC
    1295 839 ACAUCAUUUAUAAAUAAUAUU
    1296 840 UUCAAACUGGAAGGUACUAGU
    1297 841 ACUCCAAAGGGUGUUAUCUUA
    1298 842 UGAGGGUAUGGAAUGACAAUU
    1299 843 ACAAUGUCCAAGAUUCCAUCU
    1300 844 CUAAGUAGAUGGUACUCUUUU
    1301 845 CCAUUUGCAUCUACAGUUGUA
    1302 846 AAGAAGCAAGACCAAGUCAAG
    1303 847 AGUGGUUGAAUUAGGAGUUUA
    1304 848 UAUGUAAUAUUAAAGGCAAGU
    1305 849 AAGAUUAUAAAUACACAAACA
    1306 850 AAUCUCAGUGAACUAUAAAGA
    1307 851 CAACUACCACAUAUUGACCAC
    1308 852 ACAAGGGACGUUCUCCAGUAA
    1309 853 UGACUCCGUGAUAUAUUCACA
    1310 854 CUACCAAGUCAGAGUACCCGA
    1311 855 AUGAAACCGGUGGGCUUCUUG
    1312 856 UGUGAAGUUCACAAUACAAAA
    1313 857 ACUGGAAGGUACUAGUGGUGG
    1314 858 UAUUAAGAAGACAUGUUAACA
    1315 859 UCUUCACAGCUUGCAUUAUUA
    1316 860 ACAUGUUAACAUGCUUAGAUA
    1317 861 AAGAUAUGUCAGAAGGACAUC
    1318 862 GUUUAAGGCAAGUCUGUCUUA
    1319 863 AUUCCUGCUCAUUUAAUUAUU
    1320 864 GAAGACAUGUUAACAUGCUUA
    1321 865 AAUAUGAAGGGUAAUUGGAAU
    1322 866 CAAAUGCUGACUGUCCAACCA
    1323 867 UAUAUACAAAGUGCUUUAAAA
    1324 868 UAAUGACUCCGUGAUAUAUUC
    1325 869 GUCAUUAGAACACAGACCACU
    1326 870 AUCCCAUUUAAUGUUUACAGU
    1327 871 ACAUCAUCCCAUUUAAUGUUU
    1328 872 AUACCUUUACUUUGGGUUUAA
    1329 873 GAAUAUUUCUUCAUGCCUGAA
    1330 874 GUCUGUCUUACUGUGCUACCA
    1331 875 AGUGUUUGAGAAUAGAAAUGU
    1332 876 AUCAUCAUGAUGCAAAUAAGA
    1333 877 GUAACUCAAGUAUUAGCCCCA
    1334 878 GUUGUAUACAUGAUAUAAGGU
    1335 879 UCUCACUAAGUAGAUGGUACU
    1336 880 UGAUGAAGCUGAAUGCCUAAU
    1337 881 UGCGCUCCGACCUAAACCAAG
    1338 882 CAGCUUGCAUUAUUACAAGGG
    1339 883 UGGAACCCACUGCUUCAUCCC
    1340 884 AUAAGUCUAAUAAGAUCAUCU
    1341 885 AAAGGGUGUUAUCUUACGAGG
    1342 886 AACGUAGAGAUGGUCAAGAAA
    1343 887 AGGGUAUGGAAUGACAAUUAG
    1344 888 AUUAGCUGGGAAUUUGGAAUG
    1345 889 ACUUCUCCAAGUGUUUGAGAA
    1346 890 UCAGUGAACUAUAAAGAAAAA
    1347 891 UCUUCAGUCAGAUCAAUAAAU
    1348 892 UGGUUGAAUUAGGAGUUUAAG
    1349 893 AUGGGAUACAUCAUUUAUAAA
    1350 894 CCUUAAUUUGAUUUAGGUCUG
    1351 895 AUCAAUAAAUGCAUGAGAAUG
    1352 896 AUUUGAGAAUCUCCAUCAUAA
    1353 897 UUAGCACUACAAUGUCCAAGA
    1354 898 AGAGUGUGCCCUUAUUGCUGA
    1355 899 UCCCAUAUUUCAAACUGGAAG
    1356 900 GACUUUAAACAUUCGACGCGC
    1357 901 GAUUGCAGUCCACUCUUGUUU
    1358 902 GUCCAUCUCCAUCAAAGUCUG
    1359 903 ACUUUAAACAUUCGACGCGCC
    1360 904 CUGUGCUACCAAGUCAGAGUA
    1361 905 UCCUAUUGAGUAUGGUCAUAU
    1362 906 AGUAUAAUUUGCAUCAUUAGA
    1363 907 ACCAACGUAGAGAUGGUCAAG
    1364 908 ACAUUCGACGCGCCUCUUCAC
    1365 909 CAGUUGGUUGCUGUUCAUCCA
    1366 910 CUGUCUUACUGUGCUACCAAG
    1367 911 AUGCAACACAUUCCACAAAGG
    1368 912 AGGACUGGAACCCACUGCUUC
    1369 913 UCUCCAAGUGUUUGAGAAUAG
    1370 914 UGCUUCAUCCCAGAUCUCACU
    1371 915 AAUAUUUCUUCAUGCCUGAAA
    1372 916 AGAAAUCAAAUGUUCUUCAUU
    1373 917 UCUCCAUCAAAGUCUGCAAAU
    1374 918 UCAAUAAAUGCAUGAGAAUGU
    1375 919 AUCACAUGAUAAGGAUAAGUU
    1376 920 ACAGUCAUUAGAACACAGACC
    1377 921 UCUGUCAGCUCCCAGUAGACU
    1378 922 CAUUGAAAUCCAUAAUUAGUG
    1379 923 CUUUGUAAGUGGUUGAAUUAG
    1380 924 AAGGCAAGUCACAUAGCAUCA
    1381 925 ACUUUGUAAGUGGUUGAAUUA
    1382 926 AAAUAAGAUUAUAAAUACACA
    1383 927 AUACAUCAUCCCAUUUAAUGU
    1384 928 UAAGGUCCAGGUUGAUUCACU
    1385 929 GACCACUAAGAACAAUAACUU
    1386 930 CUGUGAUGAAGCUGAAUGCCU
    1387 931 UGCUAGGCACCAAGCUAAGCA
    1388 932 GUACCCGAUCACUAUAUUGUA
    1389 933 CACCGAUGAGAGCUAUAGCAG
    1390 934 UCCCAGAUGCUGCCUACAGCA
    1391 935 CAGUCAGAUCAAUAAAUGCAU
    1392 936 AUGCAUGAGAAUGUGGAAUUC
    1393 937 UGUAUACAUGAUAUAAGGUCC
    1394 938 UCCAAUAAUUACCAUGGGAUA
    1395 939 CAAUAUUACUUGGUGUAAGAU
    1396 940 AAAGGCAAGUCACAUAGCAUC
    1397 941 AUUGGUAUUUCAGUUGGUUGC
    1398 942 UCCUUUCAAGAAAUCAAAUGU
    1399 943 GUAUUUCUAUAAUUAGAUGUA
    1400 944 UCCAUUAUGUAAUAUUAAAGG
    1401 945 AACACUGGAGUACAUGCAACA
    1402 946 AAGAUUUGCAUUCCCAGAUGC
    1403 947 GUAGACUUUAAACAUUCGACG
    1404 948 CCACUAAGAACAAUAACUUUA
    1405 949 GAUUCUUGAAAGAUACCUUUA
    1406 950 CAAUUAGCUGGGAAUUUGGAA
    1407 951 AGUCUAUGUAUUUCUAUAAUU
    1408 952 CACGUUGUAUGGUAGUUGGAG
    1409 953 UGCCUAAUGACUCCGUGAUAU
    1410 954 UGAAACCGGUGGGCUUCUUGU
    1411 955 GUUGAUUCACUCCAAAGGGUG
    1412 956 AAUUAGAUCACCAUUGAAAUC
    1413 957 UGAUAAAUUCCCUCCUAAUAG
    1414 958 AUUCACUCCAAAGGGUGUUAU
    1415 959 UGAAUACUUUCCAAUAAUUAC
    1416 960 AAUGCUGACUGUCCAACCACC
    1417 961 AAUGCACUGUGAUUCUUGAAA
    1418 962 GAAUUGGUAUUUCAGUUGGUU
    1419 963 AUAAUUACCAUGGGAUACAUC
    1420 964 AGAUCAAUAAAUGCAUGAGAA
    1421 965 GCUGAAAUCUUGUAGGACUGG
    1422 966 AUUCAUUUGUGAUACCAAAAA
    1423 967 GUUCAAACAAUGACUUUGUAA
    1424 968 AUUCCAUUAUGUAAUAUUAAA
    1425 969 GUACAUGCAACACAUUCCACA
    1426 970 AUUCCCAGAUGCUGCCUACAG
    1427 971 AGUCUGAAUGUAAAUUAUAGA
    1428 972 CACAGCUUGCAUUAUUACAAG
    1429 973 CAAUAUGAAGGGUAAUUGGAA
    1430 974 CAUCUCCAUCAAAGUCUGCAA
    1431 975 AGUCUAAUAAGAUCAUCUAAA
    1432 976 UGCUGUGAUGAAGCUGAAUGC
    1433 977 CUUUACUUAGCACUACAAUGU
    1434 978 AUGUUAACAUGCUUAGAUACA
    1435 979 UGCUUAGAUACAAAGUAAAAA
    1436 980 AUGGUCAUAUUGUUAGGAUCU
    1437 981 AACAUUCGACGCGCCUCUUCA
    1438 982 UACCUUUACUUUGGGUUUAAA
    1439 983 GUGAUGAAGCUGAAUGCCUAA
    1440 984 AGGGCACAUUAAUUCUUGGAG
    1441 985 ACAGCAGUUUCCUUUCAAGAA
    1442 986 AUGCUUAGAUACAAAGUAAAA
    1443 987 ACUCCGUGAUAUAUUCACAAA
    1444 988 UCUUUAUGUCAAUCACCAAAA
    1445 989 GAUUGAAGAUUUGCAUUCCCA
    1446 990 AUUAGGAGUUUAAGGCAAGUC
    1447 991 AAUUUGGAAUGAUUGCAGUCC
    1448 992 UCCCAGAUCUCACUAAGUAGA
    1449 993 CACUAAGUAGAUGGUACUCUU
    1450 994 UGCAUCAUUAGAAUAAGAAGC
    1451 995 AGAUGUAUAAGUCUAAUAAGA
    1452 996 UUGUGAGGGUAUGGAAUGACA
    1453 997 AGUCAGAGUACCCGAUCACUA
    1454 998 CUGUGCUAGGCACCAAGCUAA
    1455 999 GUAUAAUUUGCAUCAUUAGAA
    1456 1000 UAAUUACCAUGGGAUACAUCA
    1457 1001 CACAUUAAUUCUUGGAGAGUA
    1458 1002 CUUGAAAGAUACCUUUACUUU
    1459 1003 CUGCCUACAGCAGUUUCCUUU
    1460 1004 AAGACCAAGUCAAGUGGACAC
    1461 1005 GGAAUUGGUAUUUCAGUUGGU
    1462 1006 CCAUAUUUCAAACUGGAAGGU
    1463 1007 GAACAAUAUUACUUGGUGUAA
    1464 1008 CAAGUCUAUGUAUUUCUAUAA
    1465 1009 AAGAUUCCAUCUUCGUAAAUG
    1466 1010 ACAUGAUAAGGAUAAGUUUUU
    1467 1011 ACAUACAUCAUCCCAUUUAAU
    1468 1012 GACAUGUUAACAUGCUUAGAU
    1469 1013 UGGUAGUUGGAGAGCUAAAUG
    1470 1014 CUAUAGCAGUAAGCAGAACAA
    1471 1015 CUUCAUCCCAGAUCUCACUAA
    1472 1016 CUCUGUGCUAGGCACCAAGCU
    1473 1017 AAGGUCCAGGUUGAUUCACUC
    1474 1018 GACUGGAACCCACUGCUUCAU
    1475 1019 AUCACAUGUCCAUUUGCAUAC
    1476 1020 CUACAGAAUAGAGAACCCAAA
    1477 1021 AAUGACAAUUAGCUGGGAAUU
    1478 1022 GUAAAUCUUUAUGUCAAUCAC
    1479 1023 GUAUGGUAGUUGGAGAGCUAA
    1480 1024 CAUCCUUAAUUUGAUUUAGGU
    1481 1025 AUCUUACGAGGACAGUCAUUA
    1482 1026 CACAUGAUAAGGAUAAGUUUU
  • TABLE 5
    Results for ABCC4. Score threshold: 70.
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA_ siRNA guide strand/
    NO id AS Sequence
    1483 1 UUAACAGUGAUGACUUCCCUG
    1484 2 UUGACAAAUACACAGUUCGAA
    1485 3 UUAAGAUCUAGCUUCUCGGUU
    1486 4 UAACACUUUAUGAUUGCUCUU
    1487 5 UUCACUUUCCUCAUUAUCCUU
    1488 6 UUCAAUAUCAGAAUCUGACUU
    1489 7 UUAAACCUGAAUAAAUUCCUA
    1490 8 UAGAAUACCAAUAGAGAUCUU
    1491 9 UGCACUGAGAGGAUCGUCCAG
    1492 10 UCAUCUUCCUCUAAUCUCCGU
    1493 11 UAUAACUUCAUUCAUGGUCCU
    1494 12 UUUGACAAAUACACAGUUCGA
    1495 13 AUAACUUCAUUCAUGGUCCUG
    1496 14 UUAAAGAAGGCUUCUGUGCGU
    1497 15 UGUAAGAACACUGUCACCUGA
    1498 16 UAAGAUUUCCAGUAACACUUU
    1499 17 UCAUUCAUGGUCCUGAUCCUG
    1500 18 UCAGAAUCUGACUUGCAGCUU
    1501 19 UACACGGGCAGCAUCUUGCCG
    1502 20 AUACAUAUCAUCUUCCUCUAA
    1503 21 UGAAGAGUUAACAAGGACGUA
    1504 22 UUUGUGAAGAGUUAACAAGGA
    1505 23 UCUAUCAAAGAAUAAUACCGG
    1506 24 UGAUAUCUCAUCAAGUAGCAA
    1507 25 UGACAUUUAGCAUACUUUGUU
    1508 26 AAACUUGUUCACAUCAUUGGA
    1509 27 UUUACAGUGACAUUUAGCAUA
    1510 28 AUUUACAGUGACAUUUAGCAU
    1511 29 AAGCACAUAGGCAACAUCUUG
    1512 30 UUCUCGGUUACAUUUCCUCCU
    1513 31 UAAACCUGAAUAAAUUCCUAA
    1514 32 AAUCUUGGAAAUCUCCUUCUU
    1515 33 UAUUACUCCUCAGAGUUCCCG
    1516 34 UUCCUAUUGGAUUUCUAUCAA
    1517 35 AUACCAAUAGAGAUCUUGCUA
    1518 36 UUUCCAGUAACACUUUAUGAU
    1519 37 UUGCUCUUGUUAAAGAAGGCU
    1520 38 UAUCAAAGAAUAAUACCGGAG
    1521 39 UGAGGUACUGCAACUGAUGAG
    1522 40 UUCCGCAUCUACUGCACUGAG
    1523 41 UGAAUACAUAUCAUCUUCCUC
    1524 42 AUCACCAUCCUCCAACAGCUG
    1525 43 UUGCAACUCCUCUCCAAGGUG
    1526 44 UUGUUAAAGAAGGCUUCUGUG
    1527 45 UCUUGAUACACUGCUCUUGCA
    1528 46 UUUCAGAAUUGACUCAAACAU
    1529 47 AGUGAUGAGAACAACUUCCCA
    1530 48 UCAAUAUCAGAAUCUGACUUG
    1531 49 AAUCUUGAAGCACAUAGGCAA
    1532 50 UCUUCCAUGCACGCUGACCAG
    1533 51 AAGAUUUCCAGUAACACUUUA
    1534 52 UACUGCACUGAGAGGAUCGUC
    1535 53 UAAGAUCUAGCUUCUCGGUUA
    1536 54 UUAGUGUGGGAGUUCCUGGAA
    1537 55 AACACUUUAUGAUUGCUCUUG
    1538 56 UACACUGCUCUUGCAAGGUUU
    1539 57 AUAUCAGAAUCUGACUUGCAG
    1540 58 AUAGAGAUCUUGCUAUGCCAA
    1541 59 AAUACAUAUCAUCUUCCUCUA
    1542 60 UACACAGUUCGAACAAGUGUC
    1543 61 UAUUGGAUUUCUAUCAAAGAA
    1544 62 AUCAUCUUCCUCUAAUCUCCG
    1545 63 UAGAAGAUUGUUGAGACCAAA
    1546 64 UACCAAUAGAGAUCUUGCUAU
    1547 65 UUGUGAAGAGUUAACAAGGAC
    1548 66 UGCUCUUGCAAGGUUUACCCG
    1549 67 AUACUUUGUUUGUUUGCCCAG
    1550 68 UUAUACCAGUUAUAACUUCAU
    1551 69 UAAAUUCCUAAGUACCAGUUA
    1552 70 UUGCCUCUGACACCCUCUCAA
    1553 71 UAACUUCCGCAUCUACUGCAC
    1554 72 UAUUCCUAUCUCCAUCCAGAG
    1555 73 AUACACAGUUCGAACAAGUGU
    1556 74 UUACUCCUCAGAGUUCCCGAG
    1557 75 AACAAGGACGUAGAAUACCAA
    1558 76 UUUAGCAUACUUUGUUUGUUU
    1559 77 UCAGCAUCUUGAUACACUGCU
    1560 78 UGCAGCUUUGAGGUACUGCAA
    1561 79 AGAUUGUUGAGACCAAACCGA
    1562 80 UUGAGGUACUGCAACUGAUGA
    1563 81 UAUACCAGUUAUAACUUCAUU
    1564 82 UUAGCAUACUUUGUUUGUUUG
    1565 83 UUCUUUAUCCCAGAACCCUUG
    1566 84 AAUACCAAUAGAGAUCUUGCU
    1567 85 UUCAGAAUUGACUCAAACAUU
    1568 86 UCUGAGGCAGGAACUUCUCAG
    1569 87 UGUCACCUGAUCAAACUUGUU
    1570 88 UCUUUCAAUAUCAGAAUCUGA
    1571 89 UUGGAAAUCUCCUUCUUUCUC
    1572 90 UUACAUUUCCUCCUCCAUUUA
    1573 91 AUCUUGGAAAUCUCCUUCUUU
    1574 92 UUCUAUCAAAGAAUAAUACCG
    1575 93 UGCGCUGUGAUAUCUCAUCAA
    1576 94 AAGAUUGUUGAGACCAAACCG
    1577 95 UUGCAAGGUUUACCCGUGCUU
    1578 96 UCCAUUUACAGUGACAUUUAG
    1579 97 UGAGACACAUAGGCAAUUCUU
    1580 98 UAAGUACCAGUUAAGAUCUAG
    1581 99 AUUUAGCAUACUUUGUUUGUU
    1582 100 UCUUGUUAAAGAAGGCUUCUG
    1583 101 AAUAGAGAUCUUGCUAUGCCA
    1584 102 UGUCAGCAUCUUGAUACACUG
    1585 103 UACAGUGACAUUUAGCAUACU
    1586 104 UGAGCAGAGGUUCGCGUCCUG
    1587 105 UGACAGUAAAGGAAAGGCCUU
    1588 106 ACAAGUGUCUGCUAACUUCCG
    1589 107 AUACACUGCUCUUGCAAGGUU
    1590 108 UCACAGUCAGAUCACCAUCCU
    1591 109 UUUGAGGUACUGCAACUGAUG
    1592 110 ACACAUAGGCAAUUCUUCCAU
    1593 111 AUAGAUGUCAGCAUCUUGAUA
    1594 112 UUUACCCGUGCUUUCUGCCCU
    1595 113 UUCCUGGAACUGGAGGUUGUU
    1596 114 AGUCAGAUCACCAUCCUCCAA
    1597 115 UUUAUCCCAGAACCCUUGCAA
    1598 116 UUCCUAUCUCCAUCCAGAGUA
    1599 117 UUCCUCAUUAUCCUUCUUUAA
    1600 118 AAUCUGACUUGCAGCUUUGAG
    1601 119 CACAGUUCGAACAAGUGUCUG
    1602 120 UACCAGUUAAGAUCUAGCUUC
    1603 121 AGUUCGAACAAGUGUCUGCUA
    1604 122 AAGUGUCUGCUAACUUCCGCA
    1605 123 UCUGACUUGCAGCUUUGAGGU
    1606 124 UCUCGGUUACAUUUCCUCCUC
    1607 125 UUCAUUCAUGGUCCUGAUCCU
    1608 126 UACGAUUCCUUAGUGUGGGAG
    1609 127 UCCAACAGCUGUAAAUCCUUU
    1610 128 UUGUGCAAAGUUUGUGAAGAG
    1611 129 AAUAUCAGAAUCUGACUUGCA
    1612 130 UCUUCCUCUAAUCUCCGUUUA
    1613 131 AUAAGAUUUCCAGUAACACUU
    1614 132 AUCCUGCACAUGCACCAUCUU
    1615 133 AUCUUUCAAUAUCAGAAUCUG
    1616 134 UCCUGCACAUGCACCAUCUUU
    1617 135 AACCCUUGCAACUCCUCUCCA
    1618 136 UCCUUCUUUCUCAAAUUGGUA
    1619 137 UACUAAGACGAAGUGCCUCAA
    1620 138 UCACCAUCCUCCAACAGCUGU
    1621 139 UGUCUUUGGAGAAACGAUUUA
    1622 140 UGUGAUCACACUGCCGAGGAG
    1623 141 ACCACAGCUAACAAUUCGCCA
    1624 142 UUCACAUCAUUGGACAGCAGA
    1625 143 UUCUGCCCUCCACUCAGCGUG
    1626 144 UUUAUGAUUGCUCUUGUUAAA
    1627 145 ACCAGUUAUAACUUCAUUCAU
    1628 146 UCUCCAUCCAGAGUAGGGCAG
    1629 147 CAUCUUGAUACACUGCUCUUG
    1630 148 UUCAAGGAGGGUCUAGAAGAU
    1631 149 UAAAGAAGGCUUCUGUGCGUC
    1632 150 UUGAUACACUGCUCUUGCAAG
    1633 151 UUUCCUCCUCCAUUUACAGUG
    1634 152 AAGUGUCCAAUGUCUUUGGAG
    1635 153 UCUGAGAAGGUACGAUUCCUU
    1636 154 ACAAAUACACAGUUCGAACAA
    1637 155 UCAGAAUCUUGGAAAUCUCCU
    1638 156 UUUCUGCCCUCCACUCAGCGU
    1639 157 AGUGUCUGCUAACUUCCGCAU
    1640 158 UAAAGGAAAGGCCUUGUAGAG
    1641 159 UUCUGUGCGUCAUUCUCAGCU
    1642 160 UCCUUAGUGUGGGAGUUCCUG
    1643 161 CUGACUUGCAGCUUUGAGGUA
    1644 162 AACAGUGAUGACUUCCCUGCU
    1645 163 UCUAGCUUCUCGGUUACAUUU
    1646 164 UCUAGAAGAUUGUUGAGACCA
    1647 165 UAACCGUCAGCCGCACAGCCC
    1648 166 UUGGACAGCAGAUUGACUAUC
    1649 167 UAGGAACUCAGUGUAAGUCCC
    1650 168 AUGCACGCUGACCAGCCCGUG
    1651 169 AUAUCAUCUUCCUCUAAUCUC
    1652 170 UUCCAGUAACACUUUAUGAUU
    1653 171 ACUGAGAGGAUCGUCCAGGAG
    1654 172 UUACCCGUGCUUUCUGCCCUC
    1655 173 UAUCAUCUUCCUCUAAUCUCC
    1656 174 CUUAACAGUGAUGACUUCCCU
    1657 175 AAAUUCAUCCCUCUGAGGCAG
    1658 176 UCCAAGUGUCCAAUGUCUUUG
    1659 177 AUGAUUGCUCUUGUUAAAGAA
    1660 178 UGUGCGUCAUUCUCAGCUCUU
    1661 179 UGAGGCAGGAACUUCUCAGAA
    1662 180 UUCACCUCCUGGUACACGGGC
    1663 181 UCCAGUAACACUUUAUGAUUG
    1664 182 UCAAACUUGUUCACAUCAUUG
    1665 183 UAACAGUGAUGACUUCCCUGC
    1666 184 UAUCACAGUCAGAUCACCAUC
    1667 185 UAGCAUACUUUGUUUGUUUGC
    1668 186 AAGACUCUGAGAAGGUACGAU
    1669 187 AACUUGUUCACAUCAUUGGAC
    1670 188 AGCAUCUUGAUACACUGCUCU
    1671 189 UUGCGCUGUGAUAUCUCAUCA
    1672 190 UGGAGGUUGUUCACUUUCCUC
    1673 191 UAUCUCAUCAAGUAGCAAAAA
    1674 192 UGGUGAAGGUCACAAACACGA
    1675 193 AAGAGGGUAACCGUCAGCCGC
    1676 194 UAUCAGAAUCUGACUUGCAGC
    1677 195 ACAUUUAGCAUACUUUGUUUG
    1678 196 UAACAAGGACGUAGAAUACCA
    1679 197 UUGCAGCUUUGAGGUACUGCA
    1680 198 GUUAAGAUCUAGCUUCUCGGU
    1681 199 AGGGUCUAGAAGAUUGUUGAG
    1682 200 UAACUUCAUUCAUGGUCCUGA
    1683 201 AUAAAUUCCUAAGUACCAGUU
    1684 202 UUCCUUAGUGUGGGAGUUCCU
    1685 203 AGAAUUGACUCAAACAUUUUG
    1686 204 UGUUACUAAGACGAAGUGCCU
    1687 205 AGUCACUGCAAUCGCCUGCAG
    1688 206 AGGAAGUGUAAGAACACUGUC
    1689 207 CUUGAUACACUGCUCUUGCAA
    1690 208 UCGGUUACAUUUCCUCCUCCA
    1691 209 UAGGGCAGUCACUGCAAUCGC
    1692 210 UCAAAGAAUAAUACCGGAGCU
    1693 211 UUCUUCCUAUUGGAUUUCUAU
    1694 212 UCAGAAUUGACUCAAACAUUU
    1695 213 UUGUUCACAUCAUUGGACAGC
    1696 214 UAUUAUCCUUAUACCAGUUAU
    1697 215 UUGAAGCACAUAGGCAACAUC
    1698 216 UGCUAACUUCCGCAUCUACUG
    1699 217 GUGAUGAGAACAACUUCCCAA
    1700 218 UCUCCAAGGUGCUGUGAGCGG
    1701 219 UAUCUCCAUCCAGAGUAGGGC
    1702 220 UACCAUCUUUCAAUAUCAGAA
    1703 221 UCGUCCAGGAGAUAGAUGUCA
    1704 222 AUCCAAGUGUCCAAUGUCUUU
    1705 223 AGCUUUGAGGUACUGCAACUG
    1706 224 AUUGCCUCUGACACCCUCUCA
    1707 225 CAGAAUCUUGGAAAUCUCCUU
    1708 226 UCUCCUUCUUUCUCAAAUUGG
    1709 227 ACUUCUUUAUCCCAGAACCCU
    1710 228 ACUUUCCUCAUUAUCCUUCUU
    1711 229 UACAUAUCAUCUUCCUCUAAU
    1712 230 CUAACUUCCGCAUCUACUGCA
    1713 231 UCGGAUGCUGACGAUUGCCUC
    1714 232 AAUACACAGUUCGAACAAGUG
    1715 233 AAGUUUGUGAAGAGUUAACAA
    1716 234 UCAAAUUGGUAAUAAGAUUUG
    1717 235 ACUUGCAGCUUUGAGGUACUG
    1718 236 UUGCAAGGGCAGGAGAAUGAU
    1719 237 GAUAUUCCUAUCUCCAUCCAG
    1720 238 UCCUAUUGGAUUUCUAUCAAA
    1721 239 UGGUACACGGGCAGCAUCUUG
    1722 240 ACUGUCACCUGAUCAAACUUG
    1723 241 UGGAAAUCUCCUUCUUUCUCA
    1724 242 AGUUAAGAUCUAGCUUCUCGG
    1725 243 AUUUCCAGUAACACUUUAUGA
    1726 244 AUCAGAAUCUGACUUGCAGCU
    1727 245 AAGAAGGCUUCUGUGCGUCAU
    1728 246 ACCCUUGCAACUCCUCUCCAA
    1729 247 UGACCAGCCCGUGACUUGGGG
    1730 248 CUAAGUACCAGUUAAGAUCUA
    1731 249 UUCCCGAGAACACCCAGGGCU
    1732 250 UACUUUGUUUGUUUGCCCAGU
    1733 251 AAUUCUUCCAUGCACGCUGAC
    1734 252 UCAGUGAUGAGAACAACUUCC
    1735 253 AUGACUUCCCUGCUCCCACGG
    1736 254 AUUCUUCCUAUUGGAUUUCUA
    1737 255 UUUCCUCAUUAUCCUUCUUUA
    1738 256 UACCGGAGCUUUCAGAAUUGA
    1739 257 AUAGGCAAUUCUUCCAUGCAC
    1740 258 UUUCAAUAUCAGAAUCUGACU
    1741 259 AGUUAUAACUUCAUUCAUGGU
    1742 260 UUCGGAUGCUGACGAUUGCCU
    1743 261 CAAGUGUCUGCUAACUUCCGC
    1744 262 UCUGCUAACUUCCGCAUCUAC
    1745 263 UGGGAGUUCCUGGAACUGGAG
    1746 264 CUAUCAAAGAAUAAUACCGGA
    1747 265 ACUUCCGCAUCUACUGCACUG
    1748 266 UUCUCAAAUUGGUAAUAAGAU
    1749 267 AUUGUUGAGACCAAACCGAAG
    1750 268 CAAUCUUGAAGCACAUAGGCA
    1751 269 UGUCCGCUCGGCUGGAGCCUG
    1752 270 AGGAGGGUCUAGAAGAUUGUU
    1753 271 UGCUCUUGUUAAAGAAGGCUU
    1754 272 UUUGUUUGUUUGCCCAGUAUG
    1755 273 UUCCUAAGUACCAGUUAAGAU
    1756 274 UCUCCUAUCACAGUCAGAUCA
    1757 275 UCACAUCAUUGGACAGCAGAU
    1758 276 UACCAGUUAUAACUUCAUUCA
    1759 277 UUACAGUGACAUUUAGCAUAC
    1760 278 UGACUUCCCUGCUCCCACGGG
    1761 279 UAGCUUCUCGGUUACAUUUCC
    1762 280 AAAUUGGUAAUAAGAUUUGAA
    1763 281 ACAGUGACAUUUAGCAUACUU
    1764 282 CAAGUGUCCAAUGUCUUUGGA
    1765 283 AGAGUUAACAAGGACGUAGAA
    1766 284 GUACCAGUUAAGAUCUAGCUU
    1767 285 AUUGGACAGCAGAUUGACUAU
    1768 286 AGAAUCUGACUUGCAGCUUUG
    1769 287 UGGAUUUCUAUCAAAGAAUAA
    1770 288 AGAAUACCAAUAGAGAUCUUG
    1771 289 UGAAUAAAUUCCUAAGUACCA
    1772 290 AUCAAACUUGUUCACAUCAUU
    1773 291 AUCAUUGGACAGCAGAUUGAC
    1774 292 UCAGCGGCAGCAAAUCAUCCA
    1775 293 AGUGACAUUUAGCAUACUUUG
    1776 294 CACUUUAUGAUUGCUCUUGUU
    1777 295 UAGAUGUCAGCAUCUUGAUAC
    1778 296 CAUCUUCCUCUAAUCUCCGUU
    1779 297 CUGAAUACAUAUCAUCUUCCU
    1780 298 ACAGUGAUGACUUCCCUGCUC
    1781 299 UUAUCCUUAUACCAGUUAUAA
    1782 300 UCCUUAUACCAGUUAUAACUU
    1783 301 UGUUGUGCAAAGUUUGUGAAG
    1784 302 UGACUUGCAGCUUUGAGGUAC
    1785 303 ACUGCAACUGAUGAGUCACUA
    1786 304 ACACGGGCAGCAUCUUGCCGG
    1787 305 UGUUUGUUUGCCCAGUAUGAA
    1788 306 AUUUGACAAAUACACAGUUCG
    1789 307 UUCGCGUCCUGCAGCGGGUUG
    1790 308 UUAUGAUUGCUCUUGUUAAAG
    1791 309 UCUGUGCGUCAUUCUCAGCUC
    1792 310 AAGGUCACAAACACGAUGAUU
    1793 311 UUCCUCCUCCAUUUACAGUGA
    1794 312 UCUCAGAAUCUUGGAAAUCUC
    1795 313 UGAUACACUGCUCUUGCAAGG
    1796 314 UUGUUGAGACCAAACCGAAGA
    1797 315 AUUGUGAUCUUCUCAUGCAAA
    1798 316 AGAGUUCCCGAGAACACCCAG
    1799 317 ACAGGAAGUGUAAGAACACUG
    1800 318 AAGAACACUGUCACCUGAUCA
    1801 319 UUACUAAGACGAAGUGCCUCA
    1802 320 AUCUCCUUCUUUCUCAAAUUG
    1803 321 ACACAGUUCGAACAAGUGUCU
    1804 322 AUCUUCCUCUAAUCUCCGUUU
    1805 323 UCACCUGAUCAAACUUGUUCA
    1806 324 UACUGCAACUGAUGAGUCACU
    1807 325 UCAAGGAGGGUCUAGAAGAUU
    1808 326 UGAGAGGAUCGUCCAGGAGAU
    1809 327 AGUGUAAGAACACUGUCACCU
    1810 328 UCCUCCUCCAUUUACAGUGAC
    1811 329 UAGCUACAGUUAAACCUGAAU
    1812 330 UGAGAAGGUACGAUUCCUUAG
    1813 331 UUCUUUCUCAAAUUGGUAAUA
    1814 332 UCCAGAGUAGGGCAGUCACUG
    1815 333 AAAGGCCUUGUAGAGUUGGGG
    1816 334 UUAACAAGGACGUAGAAUACC
    1817 335 UUGGAUUUCUAUCAAAGAAUA
    1818 336 UGCUUUCUGCCCUCCACUCAG
    1819 337 UUGUUUGUUUGCCCAGUAUGA
    1820 338 UUCAUCCCUCUGAGGCAGGAA
    1821 339 AGAAUCUUGGAAAUCUCCUUC
    1822 340 UACCAUCUGACGGCAGCUGAC
    1823 341 AUUACUCCUCAGAGUUCCCGA
    1824 342 GAGAAUGAUUAGAACUGCCAU
    1825 343 ACGUAGAAUACCAAUAGAGAU
    1826 344 UUGUGAUCUUCUCAUGCAAAA
    1827 345 UACAUUUCCUCCUCCAUUUAC
    1828 346 UGAUCAAACUUGUUCACAUCA
    1829 347 GAACUUCUCAGAAUCUUGGAA
    1830 348 UUCCUCUAAUCUCCGUUUAUG
    1831 349 UAGGCAAUUCUUCCAUGCACG
    1832 350 UGUGGGAGUUCCUGGAACUGG
    1833 351 AUCUCCAUCCAGAGUAGGGCA
    1834 352 AUUCCUAUCUCCAUCCAGAGU
    1835 353 UGAAGGUCACAAACACGAUGA
    1836 354 UCACUUUCCUCAUUAUCCUUC
    1837 355 AAGUGUAAGAACACUGUCACC
    1838 356 AGAACACUGUCACCUGAUCAA
    1839 357 AACUUCAUUCAUGGUCCUGAU
    1840 358 AAGGUUUACCCGUGCUUUCUG
    1841 359 UCACUGCAAUCGCCUGCAGUG
    1842 360 UCGCCUGCAGUGGUCCUGCCC
    1843 361 UCCGCAUCUACUGCACUGAGA
    1844 362 UGAGACCAAACCGAAGACUCU
    1845 363 UCUUUCAAGGAGGGUCUAGAA
    1846 364 AGCUUCUCGGUUACAUUUCCU
    1847 365 AACAAGUGUCUGCUAACUUCC
    1848 366 GUGUAAGAACACUGUCACCUG
    1849 367 CUUUGAGGUACUGCAACUGAU
    1850 368 UGAAGCACAUAGGCAACAUCU
    1851 369 UUCUUCCAUGCACGCUGACCA
    1852 370 AAUAAUACCGGAGCUUUCAGA
    1853 371 CAGAUCACCAUCCUCCAACAG
    1854 372 UUGAGACCAAACCGAAGACUC
    1855 373 AAGAUCUAGCUUCUCGGUUAC
    1856 374 AGGAACUUCUCAGAAUCUUGG
    1857 375 UCAUCCAAGUGUCCAAUGUCU
    1858 376 AUGUCUUUGGAGAAACGAUUU
    1859 377 AGGAACUCAGUGUAAGUCCCC
    1860 378 CAAAGAAUAAUACCGGAGCUU
    1861 379 UGGAACUGGAGGUUGUUCACU
    1862 380 AGCACAUAGGCAACAUCUUGG
    1863 381 ACGAUUGCCUCUGACACCCUC
    1864 382 UGAUGAGAACAACUUCCCAAA
    1865 383 UUGGUAAUAAGAUUUGAAAAU
    1866 384 UAAUACCGGAGCUUUCAGAAU
    1867 385 CAAUCGCCUGCAGUGGUCCUG
    1868 386 UGCAAAGUUUGUGAAGAGUUA
    1869 387 AAGAACACGCGUGAGCAGAGG
    1870 388 UCCUAUCUCCAUCCAGAGUAG
    1871 389 AACUUCCGCAUCUACUGCACU
    1872 390 AGAAGGUACGAUUCCUUAGUG
    1873 391 UGCAACUGAUGAGUCACUAAA
    1874 392 UGUCUGCUAACUUCCGCAUCU
    1875 393 UCACACUGCCGAGGAGCACGU
    1876 394 AUGCUGACGAUUGCCUCUGAC
    1877 395 GUCUGCUAACUUCCGCAUCUA
    1878 396 CAUACUUUGUUUGUUUGCCCA
    1879 397 AGUAACACUUUAUGAUUGCUC
    1880 398 GAAUAAAUUCCUAAGUACCAG
    1881 399 UCUGGAUUCUUCGGAUGCUGA
    1882 400 GACAGCAGAUUGACUAUCUGG
    1883 401 CUCCAGAGCACCAUCUUUCAA
    1884 402 CAGAAGAACACGCGUGAGCAG
    1885 403 GUUCACAUCAUUGGACAGCAG
    1886 404 UCUCAAAUUGGUAAUAAGAUU
    1887 405 UCUGACGGCAGCUGACGGUUG
    1888 406 UUGUUCACUUUCCUCAUUAUC
    1889 407 AGCACGGCACUUAACAGUGAU
    1890 408 GUAGCUACAGUUAAACCUGAA
    1891 409 UUUGCCCAGUAUGAAAGCCAC
    1892 410 UGGUCCUGCCCACAGGAAGUG
    1893 411 AGUUUGUGAAGAGUUAACAAG
    1894 412 GAUUGUUGAGACCAAACCGAA
    1895 413 CCACAGCUAACAAUUCGCCAG
    1896 414 AUCCCUCUGAGGCAGGAACUU
    1897 415 CACAGUCAGAUCACCAUCCUC
    1898 416 AACUCCUCUCCAAGGUGCUGU
    1899 417 UCGAACAAGUGUCUGCUAACU
    1900 418 UCUGACAGUAAAGGAAAGGCC
    1901 419 UUGGGCUUCACCUCCUGGUAC
    1902 420 AUUCUUCGGAUGCUGACGAUU
    1903 421 GCACUGAAUACAUAUCAUCUU
    1904 422 UAAGACGAAGUGCCUCAAUUA
    1905 423 AAUGUCUUUGGAGAAACGAUU
    1906 424 CUUGUUCACAUCAUUGGACAG
    1907 425 AUCAUCCAAGUGUCCAAUGUC
    1908 426 UAAGAACACUGUCACCUGAUC
    1909 427 AUCUGACGGCAGCUGACGGUU
    1910 428 AGGAUCGUCCAGGAGAUAGAU
    1911 429 CAGAAUCUGACUUGCAGCUUU
    1912 430 AGCACAAGCCUUUAUGACUUU
    1913 431 GAGCUUUCAGAAUUGACUCAA
    1914 432 AUCCGUGAAAGUUGCAGUUUU
    1915 433 UCCAGGAGAUAGAUGUCAGCA
    1916 434 ACACUUUAUGAUUGCUCUUGU
    1917 435 UGCAAGGUUUACCCGUGCUUU
    1918 436 UGGACCUCAAGCAGGGAUGCU
    1919 437 AAAUUCCUAAGUACCAGUUAA
    1920 438 GAGACCAAACCGAAGACUCUG
    1921 439 ACUUUAUGAUUGCUCUUGUUA
    1922 440 UCCUCUCCAAGGUGCUGUGAG
    1923 441 AGGUUCGCGUCCUGCAGCGGG
    1924 442 UACAGUUAAACCUGAAUAAAU
    1925 443 CAGAGCACCAUCUUUCAAGGA
    1926 444 ACGGUAGCUACAGUUAAACCU
    1927 445 AAGGUACGAUUCCUUAGUGUG
    1928 446 AACUUCUCAGAAUCUUGGAAA
    1929 447 CUCAGUGAUGAGAACAACUUC
    1930 448 CACACUGCCGAGGAGCACGUA
    1931 449 AUCUGACUUGCAGCUUUGAGG
    1932 450 GAUUCUUCGGAUGCUGACGAU
    1933 451 ACUGCAAUCGCCUGCAGUGGU
    1934 452 UCCUCCAUUUACAGUGACAUU
    1935 453 CAACUCCUCUCCAAGGUGCUG
    1936 454 UUCUUCGGAUGCUGACGAUUG
    1937 455 AAACCGAAGACUCUGAGAAGG
    1938 456 CAGCAUCUUGAUACACUGCUC
    1939 457 UCUCCAGAGCACCAUCUUUCA
    1940 458 CAAACUUGUUCACAUCAUUGG
    1941 459 AGAGUAGGGCAGUCACUGCAA
    1942 460 UCUUGGAAAUCUCCUUCUUUC
    1943 461 UUUCUAUCAAAGAAUAAUACC
    1944 462 UCACCUCCUGGUACACGGGCA
    1945 463 AUCUACUGCACUGAGAGGAUC
    1946 464 UCCGCUCGGCUGGAGCCUGUG
    1947 465 AUCUUGAUACACUGCUCUUGC
    1948 466 GUUCGAACAAGUGUCUGCUAA
    1949 467 AUUUCCUCCUCCAUUUACAGU
    1950 468 UCUUGAAGCACAUAGGCAACA
    1951 469 UCCGUGAAAGUUGCAGUUUUA
    1952 470 UGACGGCAGCUGACGGUUGCG
    1953 471 UCCUGGACCUCAAGCAGGGAU
    1954 472 CAUCUGACGGCAGCUGACGGU
    1955 473 AAGGAGGGUCUAGAAGAUUGU
    1956 474 CUUCUUUAUCCCAGAACCCUU
    1957 475 UCCAGAGCACCAUCUUUCAAG
    1958 476 ACCGAAGACUCUGAGAAGGUA
    1959 477 AAUCAUCCAAGUGUCCAAUGU
    1960 478 AAUAAGAUUUCCAGUAACACU
    1961 479 CUAGAAGAUUGUUGAGACCAA
    1962 480 AAGGACGUAGAAUACCAAUAG
    1963 481 UCUUUCUCAAAUUGGUAAUAA
    1964 482 UCUCUGAUGCCUUAUCCCAAA
    1965 483 UCCAUGCACGCUGACCAGCCC
    1966 484 AUUGCUCUUGUUAAAGAAGGC
    1967 485 GGAACUUCUCAGAAUCUUGGA
    1968 486 UGCGUCAUUCUCAGCUCUUAA
    1969 487 UUUCUCAAAUUGGUAAUAAGA
    1970 488 AUCGUCCAGGAGAUAGAUGUC
    1971 489 UGCAGUGGUCCUGCCCACAGG
    1972 490 GUCUGGAUUCUUCGGAUGCUG
    1973 491 UGACGAUUGCCUCUGACACCC
    1974 492 AAUAAAUUCCUAAGUACCAGU
    1975 493 AGCACCAUCUUUCAAGGAGGG
    1976 494 GUAAGAACACUGUCACCUGAU
    1977 495 UCUUGCAAGGUUUACCCGUGC
    1978 496 AGGUUGUUCACUUUCCUCAUU
    1979 497 GCAUCUUGAUACACUGCUCUU
    1980 498 ACAGUUCGAACAAGUGUCUGC
    1981 499 AGCAAAUCAUCCAAGUGUCCA
    1982 500 UAGGUGGUGAAGGUCACAAAC
    1983 501 CAGAGUUCCCGAGAACACCCA
    1984 502 UGUUGAGACCAAACCGAAGAC
    1985 503 ACCAAUAGAGAUCUUGCUAUG
    1986 504 CAGUUCGAACAAGUGUCUGCU
    1987 505 AAAGAAUAAUACCGGAGCUUU
    1988 506 UGGAUUCUUCGGAUGCUGACG
    1989 507 AUCUAGCUUCUCGGUUACAUU
    1990 508 AUAAUACCGGAGCUUUCAGAA
    1991 509 GUGACAUUUAGCAUACUUUGU
    1992 510 UCAUUGGACAGCAGAUUGACU
    1993 511 CUGCACUGAGAGGAUCGUCCA
    1994 512 UAUGAUUGCUCUUGUUAAAGA
    1995 513 AUCUUGAAGCACAUAGGCAAC
    1996 514 UCUACUGCACUGAGAGGAUCG
    1997 515 UGUCCAAUGUCUUUGGAGAAA
    1998 516 AGUACCAGUUAAGAUCUAGCU
    1999 517 CUUAGUGUGGGAGUUCCUGGA
    2000 518 UGAUUGCUCUUGUUAAAGAAG
    2001 519 CAAAUUGGUAAUAAGAUUUGA
    2002 520 GAUAGAUGUCAGCAUCUUGAU
    2003 521 UACUCCUCAGAGUUCCCGAGA
    2004 522 UCUUCGGAUGCUGACGAUUGC
    2005 523 GAAGCACAUAGGCAACAUCUU
    2006 524 GAAGACUCUGAGAAGGUACGA
    2007 525 CUGUGCGUCAUUCUCAGCUCU
    2008 526 AGAGCACCAUCUUUCAAGGAG
    2009 527 GACAUUUAGCAUACUUUGUUU
    2010 528 CUGCCGAGGAGCACGUAGGUG
    2011 529 CUCCAACAGCUGUAAAUCCUU
    2012 530 AUUGGUAAUAAGAUUUGAAAA
    2013 531 CAGAAUUGACUCAAACAUUUU
    2014 532 CUAUCACAGUCAGAUCACCAU
    2015 533 CUGUGAUAUCUCAUCAAGUAG
    2016 534 AGAUAGAUGUCAGCAUCUUGA
    2017 535 AUUAUCCUUAUACCAGUUAUA
    2018 536 AGAACCCUUGCAACUCCUCUC
    2019 537 AUACCGGAGCUUUCAGAAUUG
    2020 538 ACGCGUGAGCAGAGGUUCGCG
    2021 539 ACAAGGACGUAGAAUACCAAU
    2022 540 GUGAAGGUCACAAACACGAUG
    2023 541 AAGGCCUUGUAGAGUUGGGGU
    2024 542 AACCGUCAGCCGCACAGCCCC
    2025 543 GAGAUAGAUGUCAGCAUCUUG
    2026 544 AAACCUGAAUAAAUUCCUAAG
    2027 545 ACGAAGUGCCUCAAUUAACGU
    2028 546 UCGUAUUUCUUCCCAAAUAAA
    2029 547 UCGCGCUGAUCAGGCGGCGGU
    2030 548 UGCUGAGACACAUAGGCAAUU
    2031 549 AGAGGGUAACCGUCAGCCGCA
    2032 550 GAUCAAACUUGUUCACAUCAU
    2033 551 UGUGCAAAGUUUGUGAAGAGU
    2034 552 CAGCAAGGCACGAUAUUCCUA
    2035 553 UUAUAACUUCAUUCAUGGUCC
    2036 554 UUCGAACAAGUGUCUGCUAAC
    2037 555 UUUCAAGGAGGGUCUAGAAGA
    2038 556 ACAGCUUUGCAAGGGCAGGAG
    2039 557 GUGAUGACUUCCCUGCUCCCA
    2040 558 UAGUGUGGGAGUUCCUGGAAC
    2041 559 UGUGAAGAGUUAACAAGGACG
    2042 560 CAAAUACACAGUUCGAACAAG
    2043 561 AUACCAGUUAUAACUUCAUUC
    2044 562 AUAUUCCUAUCUCCAUCCAGA
    2045 563 AAGAAGAGGGUAACCGUCAGC
    2046 564 UGCAACUCCUCUCCAAGGUGC
    2047 565 GUUACUAAGACGAAGUGCCUC
    2048 566 ACGCCUGUCCGCUCGGCUGGA
    2049 567 CAUCCAAGUGUCCAAUGUCUU
    2050 568 ACCGUCAGCCGCACAGCCCCA
    2051 569 CAUUGGACAGCAGAUUGACUA
    2052 570 UGUUCACAUCAUUGGACAGCA
    2053 571 ACCUGAAUAAAUUCCUAAGUA
    2054 572 AUUGGAUUUCUAUCAAAGAAU
    2055 573 UUUGUUUGCCCAGUAUGAAAG
    2056 574 CAAGGUGCUGUGAGCGGUCUU
    2057 575 AACUGGAGGUUGUUCACUUUC
    2058 576 GUGCUGUGAGCGGUCUUCUGG
    2059 577 CUACUGCACUGAGAGGAUCGU
    2060 578 UCCCGAGAACACCCAGGGCUG
    2061 579 AACCGAAGACUCUGAGAAGGU
    2062 580 AAAUACACAGUUCGAACAAGU
    2063 581 UUCUCAGAAUCUUGGAAAUCU
    2064 582 AUUCAUCCCUCUGAGGCAGGA
    2065 583 ACCUCAAGCAGGGAUGCUGGG
    2066 584 GACACAUAGGCAAUUCUUCCA
    2067 585 UCAGAGCACAAGCCUUUAUGA
    2068 586 ACUAAAUAAGAUUUCCAGUAA
    2069 587 AGUUCCUGGAACUGGAGGUUG
    2070 588 CAGAGUAGGGCAGUCACUGCA
    2071 589 GUCUCUGAUGCCUUAUCCCAA
    2072 590 CAUCUUUCAAGGAGGGUCUAG
    2073 591 CCAUCUUUCAAGGAGGGUCUA
    2074 592 UACUCCUCAGUGAUGAGAACA
    2075 593 AACCUGAAUAAAUUCCUAAGU
    2076 594 AUUUCUAUCAAAGAAUAAUAC
    2077 595 CGGUAGCUACAGUUAAACCUG
    2078 596 GAAGAAGAGGGUAACCGUCAG
    2079 597 UCCAAGGUGCUGUGAGCGGUC
    2080 598 UGUUAAAGAAGGCUUCUGUGC
    2081 599 ACGCUGACCAGCCCGUGACUU
    2082 600 AAGACGAAGUGCCUCAAUUAA
    2083 601 AGGACGUAGAAUACCAAUAGA
    2084 602 UAUCCUUAUACCAGUUAUAAC
    2085 603 GCUGCUGAGACACAUAGGCAA
    2086 604 CACCUGAUCAAACUUGUUCAC
    2087 605 GAGGUUCGCGUCCUGCAGCGG
    2088 606 UGUGAUAUCUCAUCAAGUAGC
    2089 607 CACUGUCACCUGAUCAAACUU
    2090 608 CUUUCCUCAUUAUCCUUCUUU
    2091 609 UCCACUCAGCGUGGUUCCCCG
    2092 610 AGAGGUUCGCGUCCUGCAGCG
    2093 611 CUUCCGCAUCUACUGCACUGA
    2094 612 GUCACAAACACGAUGAUUUUG
    2095 613 CCAAUCUUGAAGCACAUAGGC
    2096 614 CACUGAAUACAUAUCAUCUUC
    2097 615 ACCAGUUAAGAUCUAGCUUCU
    2098 616 AGGGCAGUCACUGCAAUCGCC
    2099 617 AAAUAAGAUUUCCAGUAACAC
    2100 618 AGCACGUAGGUGGUGAAGGUC
    2101 619 GAAUCUGACUUGCAGCUUUGA
    2102 620 GUCAGCAUCUUGAUACACUGC
    2103 621 AAGAAUAAUACCGGAGCUUUC
    2104 622 AGAUUUCCAGUAACACUUUAU
    2105 623 ACAUCAUUGGACAGCAGAUUG
    2106 624 UCCUCUAAUCUCCGUUUAUGG
    2107 625 AGACCAAACCGAAGACUCUGA
    2108 626 CUUCACCUCCUGGUACACGGG
    2109 627 UUUGGAGAAACGAUUUAAAAU
    2110 628 UCGCGUCCUGCAGCGGGUUGG
    2111 629 ACUGCCGAGGAGCACGUAGGU
    2112 630 AGGUACGAUUCCUUAGUGUGG
    2113 631 CUUGCAACUCCUCUCCAAGGU
    2114 632 UCUUUAUCCCAGAACCCUUGC
    2115 633 GAAGUGUAAGAACACUGUCAC
    2116 634 CUGGAGGUUGUUCACUUUCCU
    2117 635 UAUCCCAGAACCCUUGCAACU
    2118 636 GGUAGCUACAGUUAAACCUGA
    2119 637 AUGUCAGCAUCUUGAUACACU
    2120 638 CCAGUUAAGAUCUAGCUUCUC
    2121 639 CUCCAAGGUGCUGUGAGCGGU
    2122 640 CAGUAACACUUUAUGAUUGCU
    2123 641 AUCCAGAGUAGGGCAGUCACU
    2124 642 GUGAAGAGUUAACAAGGACGU
    2125 643 GGACAGCAGAUUGACUAUCUG
    2126 644 GUGAGCAGAGGUUCGCGUCCU
    2127 645 CUCUGAGGCAGGAACUUCUCA
    2128 646 CAAUUCUUCCAUGCACGCUGA
    2129 647 GAAGGUCACAAACACGAUGAU
    2130 648 AGGAGAAUGAUUAGAACUGCC
    2131 649 CAGGAAGUGUAAGAACACUGU
    2132 650 AGAAGAACACGCGUGAGCAGA
    2133 651 GAACUGGAGGUUGUUCACUUU
    2134 652 CGAAGUGCCUCAAUUAACGUA
    2135 653 ACCAUCCUCCAACAGCUGUAA
    2136 654 CAUCCGUGAAAGUUGCAGUUU
    2137 655 AUCGCCUGCAGUGGUCCUGCC
    2138 656 CCGAGGAGCACGUAGGUGGUG
    2139 657 CUGCACAUGCACCAUCUUUUU
    2140 658 ACUUUGUUUGUUUGCCCAGUA
    2141 659 GAUGUCAGCAUCUUGAUACAC
    2142 660 GAGGUUGUUCACUUUCCUCAU
    2143 661 UUAUCCCAGAACCCUUGCAAC
    2144 662 AAUUGGUAAUAAGAUUUGAAA
    2145 663 UCCUAUCACAGUCAGAUCACC
    2146 664 CUGACAGUAAAGGAAAGGCCU
    2147 665 CAUCAUUGGACAGCAGAUUGA
    2148 666 ACCAAUCUUGAAGCACAUAGG
    2149 667 AGAUCUAGCUUCUCGGUUACA
    2150 668 UACCCGUGCUUUCUGCCCUCC
    2151 669 CUGUCCGCUCGGCUGGAGCCU
    2152 670 AAGGUGCUGUGAGCGGUCUUC
    2153 671 AAUUCCUAAGUACCAGUUAAG
    2154 672 ACUGAAUACAUAUCAUCUUCC
    2155 673 GCUCUUGCAAGGUUUACCCGU
    2156 674 GAAUACAUAUCAUCUUCCUCU
    2157 675 UCUGCCCUCCACUCAGCGUGG
    2158 676 UCUUCCUAUUGGAUUUCUAUC
    2159 677 UGGACAGCAGAUUGACUAUCU
    2160 678 CAAUGUCUUUGGAGAAACGAU
    2161 679 UUCCAUGCACGCUGACCAGCC
    2162 680 AGAACACCCAGGGCUGCUGAG
    2163 681 UGUGAUCUUCUCAUGCAAAAU
    2164 682 ACGGGCAGCAUCUUGCCGGGC
    2165 683 GAACAAGUGUCUGCUAACUUC
    2166 684 UGCCUCUGACACCCUCUCAAU
    2167 685 CCAUGCACGCUGACCAGCCCG
    2168 686 AAGGAAAGGCCUUGUAGAGUU
    2169 687 CACCAUCCUCCAACAGCUGUA
    2170 688 CGAACAAGUGUCUGCUAACUU
    2171 689 GAAGAGGGUAACCGUCAGCCG
    2172 690 ACUCCUCUCCAAGGUGCUGUG
    2173 691 GAAUCUUGGAAAUCUCCUUCU
    2174 692 CAGCGGCAGCAAAUCAUCCAA
    2175 693 AAGGGCAGGAGAAUGAUUAGA
    2176 694 AUAUCUCAUCAAGUAGCAAAA
    2177 695 UUUGCAAGGGCAGGAGAAUGA
    2178 696 AAAUCAUCCAAGUGUCCAAUG
    2179 697 CGAUAUUCCUAUCUCCAUCCA
    2180 698 UAAAUAAGAUUUCCAGUAACA
    2181 699 CUUGAAGCACAUAGGCAACAU
    2182 700 AGGAAAGGCCUUGUAGAGUUG
    2183 701 UGCACGCUGACCAGCCCGUGA
    2184 702 UCCCUCUGAGGCAGGAACUUC
    2185 703 ACACUGCUCUUGCAAGGUUUA
    2186 704 CAGGAGAAUGAUUAGAACUGC
    2187 705 CACAUAGGCAAUUCUUCCAUG
    2188 706 GCAUCUACUGCACUGAGAGGA
    2189 707 CACUGCAAUCGCCUGCAGUGG
    2190 708 GAACACUGUCACCUGAUCAAA
    2191 709 AAGGCUUCUGUGCGUCAUUCU
    2192 710 GUGUCCAAUGUCUUUGGAGAA
    2193 711 AUCCCAGAACCCUUGCAACUC
    2194 712 UCAGAGUUCCCGAGAACACCC
    2195 713 CCAAUGUCUUUGGAGAAACGA
    2196 714 ACGUCAGCGGCAGCAAAUCAU
    2197 715 AGAACGGUAGCUACAGUUAAA
    2198 716 GACCAAACCGAAGACUCUGAG
    2199 717 GAACACGCGUGAGCAGAGGUU
    2200 718 CUCUUGCAAGGUUUACCCGUG
    2201 719 CAGUGAUGAGAACAACUUCCC
    2202 720 AACACGCGUGAGCAGAGGUUC
    2203 721 GUGAUAUCUCAUCAAGUAGCA
    2204 722 GCAGGAACUUCUCAGAAUCUU
    2205 723 CUUUAUCCCAGAACCCUUGCA
    2206 724 ACCAUCUUUCAAUAUCAGAAU
    2207 725 ACCUGAUCAAACUUGUUCACA
    2208 726 AAUACCGGAGCUUUCAGAAUU
  • TABLE 6
    Results for PAK3. Score threshold: 70.
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA_ siRNA guide strand/
    NO id AS Sequence
    2209 1 UAUAUCUCUAUGGAUCACCUG
    2210 2 UUAUCUUGCAAGUUCAACCCA
    2211 3 UUAGGUAUCAUUAUCUUUGUU
    2212 4 UAAUGUAUCUAUUUCCUCCUG
    2213 5 UAAUUUGUCAACAUUUCUCAA
    2214 6 UUUACAAUGACACACACACGA
    2215 7 UUCUGUAUUGAGAAUGACCAA
    2216 8 AUUAAGGAGAUUAACAACCUG
    2217 9 UCUAAUAGUGACAUCUCCCUA
    2218 10 UUAAUAUUAAACACAUUCCCA
    2219 11 UUACAAUGACACACACACGAG
    2220 12 UAAAUAAUCUCUACUGUGCUU
    2221 13 UUAACUGAAUAUUAACUGCAA
    2222 14 UUCAUUAAUAAUUAAUUCCUU
    2223 15 UUCUCUACUAUCGCUGUUGAU
    2224 16 ACAACUACUGCAAACAACCUA
    2225 17 UUGAGUGCUGAAGAAUCCCGG
    2226 18 UAAUAUUAAACACAUUCCCAA
    2227 19 AUGAUAUACAGUAAUAUCCUG
    2228 20 UAUCUUGCAAGUUCAACCCAA
    2229 21 UCAUUCUCUACUAUCGCUGUU
    2230 22 UUCAGAACCUGAACUCACCUA
    2231 23 UUCCUGAACACACAUAUUCCU
    2232 24 UAUACAGACAACAGGAAGCAA
    2233 25 UUAUGGGAUAGCAUUUGCCUG
    2234 26 UUGCUGUUGAAGGUUCAUCUG
    2235 27 UUUACAGAUAACACAUUCUGA
    2236 28 UAUAGAAUCUCUCAGAACUGG
    2237 29 UUAGAGAAACAACUUUCUGUA
    2238 30 UAAGUGUUUAGGUUCACUCUU
    2239 31 UGAUAUUAUAGAAUCUCUCAG
    2240 32 UUAAUAAUUAAUUCCUUCUUG
    2241 33 UAUUAUUAUCAAAUCUUGGUA
    2242 34 UACUAUAUCACCUUUCUCUAG
    2243 35 UUGAGUUAAAUCUUCUUACAU
    2244 36 UAGAAUACUCGUACACACAGG
    2245 37 UUUACAUACAGACUGUAUGGA
    2246 38 UAUUAUGAACUUCAUUUGCUU
    2247 39 UUUGGUUAGAUGGUCUCCCUU
    2248 40 UUUGCAAUACUUUAGGUCCAA
    2249 41 UUCUAAUAGUGACAUCUCCCU
    2250 42 UUAUAGAAUCUCUCAGAACUG
    2251 43 UUUCUUACAGAGUUGAAUGUU
    2252 44 UAAGGCUUGCAGUCUUAGCGG
    2253 45 UAUAGUUUGCUGAAACUCUAA
    2254 46 UUGCCUAGCGUCACAUAGCAA
    2255 47 UAACUUAUAGAUAAUAGUCUC
    2256 48 UUAUAGAUAAUAGUCUCCUAA
    2257 49 AUUAACAGAACUAUAACUGAA
    2258 50 UAAAUAAAUAAUCUCUACUGU
    2259 51 UAAAUUACAUAAUCUGAGGGA
    2260 52 AAGUUGUAUAGAAUACUCGUA
    2261 53 UUUAAUAUUAAACACAUUCCC
    2262 54 UAGAGAAACAACUUUCUGUAA
    2263 55 UAUAAUUAUUUACACGAUCUU
    2264 56 UGUAACUAGCAAAUAUCUCUG
    2265 57 UAGACAAAUAUCUCAAACUAU
    2266 58 AUUUACACGAUCUUUGAGCUG
    2267 59 AUAAUUAACAAUAUUAGGGUU
    2268 60 UUGUUGACUGUUUCUUUGGAA
    2269 61 UUGGGUACUAAAUCUGUUGAA
    2270 62 UUAAUUUGUCAACAUUUCUCA
    2271 63 UCUACUGUGCUUCUCACCCUU
    2272 64 UAUAUUAUUAUCAAAUCUUGG
    2273 65 UAAUUUAGGUAUCAUUAUCUU
    2274 66 UUACUAUUCAUCCUCAGUGGA
    2275 67 UUAAGGAGAUUAACAACCUGG
    2276 68 UUUGAGAACAUCUAGAACAGC
    2277 69 UACAGAUGAGGAAACAGCCAU
    2278 70 UUAAUGUAUCUAUUUCCUCCU
    2279 71 UGGAAUAAUUGUAACUAGCAA
    2280 72 UUCUAUAACACAAAUUGUUAG
    2281 73 UAACUGAAUAUUAACUGCAAG
    2282 74 AAGACCAAGAGAUUCAACCGG
    2283 75 UUAACAACCUGGUUUACUCAA
    2284 76 UUCUCUAUGUUGGUCAGGCUG
    2285 77 UAUUUCUGGUUGUUGACUGUU
    2286 78 AAUAUUAACUGCAAGUAGCUU
    2287 79 UAUUGCUUCAACCACAAUUUA
    2288 80 UUUAUUUAGAUAUACAGUUUU
    2289 81 UUAACUGCAAGUAGCUUAGAU
    2290 82 AUAGAAUUUGAGAACAUCUAG
    2291 83 UUUCAUAGGAGAAAUAUUCCA
    2292 84 UUGUUUAAUAUUAAACACAUU
    2293 85 UUAACUUAUAGAUAAUAGUCU
    2294 86 UAUCGCUGUUGAUUUCCUCUU
    2295 87 UUACUAUAUCACCUUUCUCUA
    2296 88 UAGUGCUUCGUUUACUUUGCU
    2297 89 UAUAGCAGGCUGAAUUUGCAA
    2298 90 UUUGGAAUCAUAGAAUUUGAG
    2299 91 UACUUGAGUUAAAUCUUCUUA
    2300 92 UACAUAGUUGUAAUCCCUGUU
    2301 93 UACACUAUAUAGUUUGCUGAA
    2302 94 AAUCUGUUGAACAUGUUGCCA
    2303 95 UUGUCCUGUUGCAAUGUCUAG
    2304 96 UAUCUCAGGGCACACUAGCAA
    2305 97 UCUAGCAAGUGUGACAGUGUG
    2306 98 UAAAGCUCAUAUUAGACUCCG
    2307 99 UUAUAUUCUAGCAAGUGUGAC
    2308 100 UUACCCAACAUGGUGACUGAU
    2309 101 UAUUUCAGUCUUACUCAUGAG
    2310 102 UCUCCUGAACAUAAACACGUA
    2311 103 UUAGAUGGAUGGAUGUACCUU
    2312 104 UUCCUUUGCAGCGAUAAUCAG
    2313 105 UAUGACAACGCACUGGAUCCU
    2314 106 UUACUUAAUGUCCAACAAGGA
    2315 107 UCUCUCUGCAACUUGUAAGUG
    2316 108 UAUGCUCUGGUCUUGGUGCGA
    2317 109 UUGUAUAGAAUACUCGUACAC
    2318 110 UUGCUCUGGAAUUCCAGUGAA
    2319 111 UAGAAUUUGAGAACAUCUAGA
    2320 112 UUAUUUGGUACUGCUGGUGAA
    2321 113 AUUAUUUACACGAUCUUUGAG
    2322 114 UAAUUGCUUCCUUUGCAGCGA
    2323 115 AUAAAUUACAUAAUCUGAGGG
    2324 116 UUAAACACAUUCCCAAUGCAU
    2325 117 UUUCUUAUUCUUCUCUUCAGG
    2326 118 AUUUCCUAGGUUCAGAACCUG
    2327 119 AUGAGAAACAGCUUCUUUCUA
    2328 120 UUCUCCUAUGAGGAUUUCCUA
    2329 121 UUCUCCUUCUUCUUAUUGGUU
    2330 122 UAUCCCACUACAUCUGACUCA
    2331 123 UUAGCUUCUCUAAGAUCUCCU
    2332 124 UGGAAGUUUGGAGUAAUCGUG
    2333 125 UAUAGUUCCCUUUCUGCUGUU
    2334 126 UUACAGAUAACACAUUCUGAC
    2335 127 UUACUCAUGAGGGAGAUGGUG
    2336 128 UCAUCUAGUCCAAUACACUUA
    2337 129 UUGUCACUCUUUAUAUCUCUA
    2338 130 UUCAGUCUUACUCAUGAGGGA
    2339 131 UAUCUGAGGUGACUACCUCAU
    2340 132 UAGAACAGCUUGUGGGUUCUU
    2341 133 UAUUUAUCCCACUACAUCUGA
    2342 134 UAAGAUCUCCUCAUCUGUCAU
    2343 135 UAGUCCAAUACACUUAUUUUA
    2344 136 UUACAUACAGACUGUAUGGAA
    2345 137 UGAGAACAUCUAGAACAGCUU
    2346 138 AUAAGUUCUGUUUAGAUUCUU
    2347 139 UACUCGAUUGUACCAAAUGUG
    2348 140 UAACAUAAAGAAUAAAUACUU
    2349 141 UUGUACCAAAUGUGAAUCCUU
    2350 142 UCUUAUUCUUCUCUUCAGGGG
    2351 143 UUCUCUGCCUACAGUGAUCUG
    2352 144 UAUAACACAAAUUGUUAGUUU
    2353 145 UUAAGUGACUUGCCUAGCGUC
    2354 146 UUUAGGUUCACUCUUAGCAGU
    2355 147 UAUUAUUAUGAACUUCAUUUG
    2356 148 AUAGGUACACAAACCAAGCCA
    2357 149 AAGAAUUUCACUACACAUGGU
    2358 150 UACAAUGACACACACACGAGA
    2359 151 AAGUAUUCCAUGACUACCCAU
    2360 152 UAUCUCUAUGGAUCACCUGGU
    2361 153 UAAGGAAUUCUGUCGGACUGA
    2362 154 AUAUAGUUUGCUGAAACUCUA
    2363 155 AUCUAGAACAGCUUGUGGGUU
    2364 156 UACUUAAUGUCCAACAAGGAU
    2365 157 UUCCUCUUCAUCUUCUUCUUC
    2366 158 AACAUCUAGAACAGCUUGUGG
    2367 159 UCAUAUAAGGAAUUCUGUCGG
    2368 160 UUAGGUCCAAGUUUCAAACUG
    2369 161 UUUCUCCUUCUUCUUAUUGGU
    2370 162 UUCCUGUACAAAGUACUGGAA
    2371 163 AUUAGUAGCUACAGGAUUCUG
    2372 164 UAAUGAAUAUGGUAUUUGCGG
    2373 165 UUGAGAACAUCUAGAACAGCU
    2374 166 AUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCCUC
    2375 167 UAUUCUACAUUUAUCUGGUUU
    2376 168 UGAAACUAAGCAGCAUAUCUG
    2377 169 UUCAUAGGAGAAAUAUUCCAU
    2378 170 AAGACAUUUAUGAAUAUGCUU
    2379 171 UCUAGUGCUGUAUAAACAGUA
    2380 172 UAGCCUUCACUGACCUCCCAU
    2381 173 UAUUUAACUGCAACAUAAGAG
    2382 174 UUUCUAUUCAUUUGAAAGGUA
    2383 175 UAGCUUCUCUAAGAUCUCCUC
    2384 176 UUAUUAUGAACUUCAUUUGCU
    2385 177 UUUACAAAUGCUGAAUUUCAG
    2386 178 UUAUAAGAAGUUUCUAUUCAU
    2387 179 UCAGUAUUCUACAUUUAUCUG
    2388 180 UUUAUGGUCACUUCAACAUUG
    2389 181 AUUGUUAAUAUGCUGAACUGA
    2390 182 UUGCAGUCUUAGCGGCUGCUG
    2391 183 AUACAGCUGACAGUCUCUCAG
    2392 184 UAAAUACUUGAGUUAAAUCUU
    2393 185 UAGUAGCUACAGGAUUCUGUG
    2394 186 CUUGCUAACAACAUUAACGUU
    2395 187 AUGGUCACUUCAACAUUGCUG
    2396 188 UUCGUUUACUUUGCUCAGGAG
    2397 189 UCACAUAAUUCCACCACCCUA
    2398 190 AUAUACAGUAAUAUCCUGUUG
    2399 191 UAUCACCUUUCUCUAGAUCUU
    2400 192 UAUGAACUUCAUUUGCUUGAG
    2401 193 UUAGAAAUAUACAUAACUCUC
    2402 194 UAUUAUAACAAUAUCAAAUAA
    2403 195 UAACUUCUAUUGAAAUUAGUG
    2404 196 UUCUUCUUCCUCUUCAUCUUC
    2405 197 UUGUCAACAUUUCUCAAUGCU
    2406 198 UUCUGCUGUUUAUUUAUUGUA
    2407 199 UAGAUGGUCUCCCUUGCUCUU
    2408 200 AUACUCGUACACACAGGUGUG
    2409 201 UUCUUCUUCUUCUUCCUCUUC
    2410 202 AUACUUGAGUUAAAUCUUCUU
    2411 203 UUGUAACUAGCAAAUAUCUCU
    2412 204 UUCACAUAAUUCCACCACCCU
    2413 205 UAAAGCUCAUGUAUUUCUGGU
    2414 206 UAACUAGCAAAUAUCUCUGCC
    2415 207 UAUUGAUUGGGAUGUAGCCUU
    2416 208 AUAAUCUCUACUGUGCUUCUC
    2417 209 UAAUCGUGCCCAUUGCUCUGG
    2418 210 UUAGUAGCUACAGGAUUCUGU
    2419 211 AAGGAGAUUAACAACCUGGUU
    2420 212 UAAAGAAUAAAUACUUGAGUU
    2421 213 UUUAACUGCAACAUAAGAGAC
    2422 214 UCUAGGUAUAGGGUCUGCUUU
    2423 215 AUGAACACACCAUAUUCCGAA
    2424 216 UUGGAGUUCUAAUAGUGACAU
    2425 217 AUAGUGACAUCUCCCUAGCUU
    2426 218 UCACACAGUACUUGCUCUGGU
    2427 219 UUUAGGUAUCAUUAUCUUUGU
    2428 220 UAUUUCUGUAUUGAGAAUGAC
    2429 221 UCUAAUGACAAUGCAAGUGAA
    2430 222 UUCACACAGUACUUGCUCUGG
    2431 223 UUCUUCUUCAGACACAGGAGG
    2432 224 UCUGUCGGACUGACAUUUCUU
    2433 225 UUCUUAUUCUUCUCUUCAGGG
    2434 226 AAGGCUUAGAGAAACAACUUU
    2435 227 UAAUAUGCUGAACUGAAAGCA
    2436 228 UUAAUUGCUUCCUUUGCAGCG
    2437 229 UUGUUCAGAGCUCAGAGACUG
    2438 230 ACAUCUAGAACAGCUUGUGGG
    2439 231 AUCUGUUGAACAUGUUGCCAG
    2440 232 AAAUAAAUAAUCUCUACUGUG
    2441 233 UUACAACUAAUUUCACAGCUC
    2442 234 AUAGAAUACUCGUACACACAG
    2443 235 UUACACGAUCUUUGAGCUGAG
    2444 236 UAUGGUCACUUCAACAUUGCU
    2445 237 UAUUCUAGCAAGUGUGACAGU
    2446 238 UAAUAGUCUCCUAAGAAAGCG
    2447 239 AACUAAGCAUGAACACACCAU
    2448 240 UUUCAUAAGCACAAGAGAGGA
    2449 241 UACUUUAGGUCCAAGUUUCAA
    2450 242 UAUUAUCAAAUCUUGGUACAA
    2451 243 UUUCGCUUCACGGUGGAAGUG
    2452 244 UUAUACAGACAACAGGAAGCA
    2453 245 UCGGACUGACAUUUCUUGGGA
    2454 246 UCUUCUUCUUCAGACACAGGA
    2455 247 UAUAUGGUGAAAUAGUAGUCA
    2456 248 UUUCUCAAUGCUAAUAGCAUG
    2457 249 UUUGUCCAUAUGCAUUUCUUU
    2458 250 UUGCUAACAACAUUAACGUUC
    2459 251 UCUAUAGUUCCCUUUCUGCUG
    2460 252 UAGGUUCAGAACCUGAACUCA
    2461 253 UCAUCUUACAUAGUUCUUUUA
    2462 254 UUUAUAGACAAAUAUCUCAAA
    2463 255 AAACUAAGCAGCAUAUCUGAG
    2464 256 ACUCUUAGCAGUCUCAGCCAU
    2465 257 AAAGCUUGCAGGCACUCUCUG
    2466 258 UUAUGUUGGAAGUUUGGAGUA
    2467 259 AUACUUAUUAGAAAUAUACAU
    2468 260 UCUUUGGUGAGUUAGAAGGAA
    2469 261 UAGAUAAUAGUCUCCUAAGAA
    2470 262 AUCACCUUUCUCUAGAUCUUU
    2471 263 UGAAGGAAGAGAGAUCUCUGG
    2472 264 UCAUCCAUACAGGUCUCUGUG
    2473 265 UACCAAAUGUGAAUCCUUCAG
    2474 266 AUUCUGUGAAGAUCUUAUCAU
    2475 267 UUCUUAAUUGCUUCCUUUGCA
    2476 268 UAAGGAGAUUAACAACCUGGU
    2477 269 UGAAUGUACAUAAGUUCUGUU
    2478 270 UUUACUAUAUCACCUUUCUCU
    2479 271 AUAAUUAUUUACACGAUCUUU
    2480 272 UCAUCUGUCAUCUUGGAUUUU
    2481 273 AUCAUCUAGUCCAAUACACUU
    2482 274 AUAGUCUCCUAAGAAAGCGUG
    2483 275 AUCUCCUGAACAUAAACACGU
    2484 276 UAAGGGAUGCUAACUAAUGAA
    2485 277 ACAACAGGAAGCAAUUUCGUG
    2486 278 UGAAAUAGUAGUCAAAUUUUG
    2487 279 UAUGUAACUGAUCUCUUUCCC
    2488 280 AUUAACAAUAUUAGGGUUCUU
    2489 281 UUUACUUUGCUCAGGAGUGAU
    2490 282 UUGGUCACUUAAAGGAGUGUG
    2491 283 UAUACAGUAAUAUCCUGUUGG
    2492 284 UACAGUAAUAUCCUGUUGGAC
    2493 285 AAGCACACCACACACAAGCAC
    2494 286 AUUAUGAACUUCAUUUGCUUG
    2495 287 UAAUUAAUUCCUUCUUGGGUU
    2496 288 UAAAUAAUUAACAAUAUUAGG
    2497 289 UUCUACAUUUAUCUGGUUUUG
    2498 290 UUGCAAUGUCUAGUGCUGUAU
    2499 291 UGUGCAUCUUUGAGAAACCUU
    2500 292 UACAGCUGACAGUCUCUCAGG
    2501 293 UGUAACUGAUCUCUUUCCCCU
    2502 294 UCAAGUACAGUUAUAUUCUAG
    2503 295 UGGACAUCUAAUGACAAUGCA
    2504 296 ACUCAUUCUCUACUAUCGCUG
    2505 297 UUGAGAAUUAAACUCUAGAAA
    2506 298 UGAAUAGGGCUUCCUAACCAG
    2507 299 AUUCUAGCAAGUGUGACAGUG
    2508 300 UAAUGAUUUCAAAGUCAGCUU
    2509 301 UAGCAAUUUAGUAAUAAAGCU
    2510 302 UGACAGUCUCUCAGGAUUCUG
    2511 303 AUCGCUGUUGAUUUCCUCUUG
    2512 304 UGUUCCUGUACAAAGUACUGG
    2513 305 UACAAUUCUGAUAAACAAUGA
    2514 306 AUAAUUAAUUCCUUCUUGGGU
    2515 307 AUUAAUAAUUAAUUCCUUCUU
    2516 308 UUCUUCUUCUGUUCCAAUUUU
    2517 309 AAGCAGAGGGCAGACAACCUG
    2518 310 UUCUCUUCAUUAUCCAGACCG
    2519 311 UUCUUUGGUGAGUUAGAAGGA
    2520 312 UACAUCUGACUCAUUCUCUAC
    2521 313 AAACACAACACUAUGAAGAGG
    2522 314 UCUUAAUUGCUUCCUUUGCAG
    2523 315 AUUUGAGAACAUCUAGAACAG
    2524 316 UCGAACUCCUGACCUCAGGUG
    2525 317 UAUGCUCAAAGUCUGAAGGAA
    2526 318 UAGUUCAUCACCCACCAAGUA
    2527 319 AUUUAUAGACAAAUAUCUCAA
    2528 320 UAGAAAUAUACAUAACUCUCC
    2529 321 UAGAUGUAAGGAUCAGGUGGU
    2530 322 AAUUUAGGUAUCAUUAUCUUU
    2531 323 AUAUAUUAUUAUCAAAUCUUG
    2532 324 UCUGCAGACAGCUGCUAUCUG
    2533 325 UAUCUUUGUUUACUUAAUGUC
    2534 326 UAUUCCGAAACAGAAAUAGGU
    2535 327 UAUCAUUAUCUUUGUUUACUU
    2536 328 UGAACAUAAACACGUACACUA
    2537 329 UUGAUUUCCUCUUGGGUACUA
    2538 330 UAAACAGUACCUGAUGCCCCU
    2539 331 UAGAAGGAAGUUAUCCUUUGG
    2540 332 AAUAAUUAACAAUAUUAGGGU
    2541 333 UCUUUGUUUACUUAAUGUCCA
    2542 334 UGAACUGAAAGCAUAAGAGAG
    2543 335 UAGAUAUAUGGUGAAAUAGUA
    2544 336 UAGACAUCACUACCCUGUGAU
    2545 337 AUAAAUAAUCUCUACUGUGCU
    2546 338 UGCUAUCUGUCCUUCAUCCAU
    2547 339 UUAGACAUUGUUUAAUAUUAA
    2548 340 UUAUGAACUUCAUUUGCUUGA
    2549 341 UUUCAUUAAUAAUUAAUUCCU
    2550 342 UAACACAACUGAUUUCAAUUA
    2551 343 AUUAGAAAUAUACAUAACUCU
    2552 344 UUCAUCUUCUUCUUCAGACAC
    2553 345 UUAAUGUCCAACAAGGAUUUC
    2554 346 UCUUGGUACAAAGUGGUAGUA
    2555 347 UACAGUGAUCUGAAGGGUCAC
    2556 348 AUGACAACGCACUGGAUCCUU
    2557 349 UUUAACUUAUAGAUAAUAGUC
    2558 350 UUGGUACUGCUGGUGAAGCAA
    2559 351 UGUUUAUUUAUUGUAAAGCAA
    2560 352 UUGCAAGUCAUAACUUCUAUU
    2561 353 AACACGUACACUAUAUAGUUU
    2562 354 UUCAUAAGCACAAGAGAGGAU
    2563 355 AACAACUGUAAAUGAAUUGGA
    2564 356 UUCCCAUUUAUUUCCUUCCCA
    2565 357 UUGGUGAGUUAGAAGGAAGUU
    2566 358 UUUAUUGUAAAGCAAUAUUAU
    2567 359 UAAGUAUUUCUGUAUUGAGAA
    2568 360 UCUGGUUGUUGACUGUUUCUU
    2569 361 AAUUGCAAGUCAUAACUUCUA
    2570 362 AGACUUUACAUACAGACUGUA
    2571 363 UAACACAAAUUGUUAGUUUUU
    2572 364 UGGUUAAACUCAAACAUUGGG
    2573 365 UUUCUCUCUGCAACUUGUAAG
    2574 366 UAAUAAUUAAUUCCUUCUUGG
    2575 367 UACUCGUACACACAGGUGUGC
    2576 368 UGAUAUACAGUAAUAUCCUGU
    2577 369 UCCUCGCCUAUCCACAUCCAU
    2578 370 AUUUGCAAUACUUUAGGUCCA
    2579 371 AUAAUCAGAGGAGUCAGGCUG
    2580 372 UGUAUCUAUUUCCUCCUGGUA
    2581 373 UAUAUGGAUGGUUAGAUGGAU
    2582 374 UACUAUUCAUCCUCAGUGGAG
    2583 375 AUAAGGAAUUCUGUCGGACUG
    2584 376 AGAACUAUAACUGAAUGCCAA
    2585 377 ACAAGCACACACAUUGAACUU
    2586 378 UCACCUAGCAGGAUGUCACAG
    2587 379 UUUGCAGCGAUAAUCAGAGGA
    2588 380 UAACAGAACUAUAACUGAAUG
    2589 381 UUGCUCAGGAGUGAUCUGGGC
    2590 382 UUGGGAUGUAGCCUUCACUGA
    2591 383 AUAUUGAUUGGGAUGUAGCCU
    2592 384 UUAUUUAGAUAUACAGUUUUU
    2593 385 UGUUGCAAUGUCUAGUGCUGU
    2594 386 AACAGCUUCUUUCUAAUACUU
    2595 387 UAGGUAUCAUUAUCUUUGUUU
    2596 388 AUUGUAACUAGCAAAUAUCUC
    2597 389 UUAGAAGGAAGUUAUCCUUUG
    2598 390 AUUUCUUGGGAUAUGAUUGUA
    2599 391 UUGAAGGUUCAUCUGCUUUAU
    2600 392 UUAUCCUUUGGUUAGAUGGUC
    2601 393 UCUUUAUUUGGUACUGCUGGU
    2602 394 UCAUCAAUAAUGAAUAUGGUA
    2603 395 UUUCAGUCUUACUCAUGAGGG
    2604 396 UUAGAAGCUGUUCUCAUUUGA
    2605 397 UCUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCCUCU
    2606 398 UUAACAGAACUAUAACUGAAU
    2607 399 UAAUAGCAUGUAAUUACUUUU
    2608 400 AUAGACAAAUAUCUCAAACUA
    2609 401 ACUCUCUGCAGACAGCUGCUA
    2610 402 UUAUAUUCAUUUGGUCACUUA
    2611 403 UCAGUCAAUUUAACAGAGCCA
    2612 404 UUACAUAAUCUGAGGGAGUAG
    2613 405 UUUAGAAGCUGUUCUCAUUUG
    2614 406 ACUUCUAUUGAAAUUAGUGGG
    2615 407 UUAACUGCAACAUAAGAGACU
    2616 408 UUUGUAUCAUAAGUAAAUGAU
    2617 409 UCUUCUUCAGACACAGGAGGG
    2618 410 UUCACUGACCUCCCAUUUCUU
    2619 411 UCCUCUUGGGUACUAAAUCUG
    2620 412 AUCUCCUCAUCUGUCAUCUUG
    2621 413 AAUAAUUAAUUCCUUCUUGGG
    2622 414 AUUGUCACUCUUUAUAUCUCU
    2623 415 UGUCGGACUGACAUUUCUUGG
    2624 416 UGAAUUUGCAAGGCAACCUAU
    2625 417 UUUACAUGAAUACAAAUUUAU
    2626 418 UAUUAGGGCAUGGACUUCCAC
    2627 419 UUUCCCGGCACUAUGAGUGAA
    2628 420 UACAUAACUCUCCAAUACAGG
    2629 421 ACAAAUAUCUCAAACUAUCAA
    2630 422 UAGGUACACAAACCAAGCCAC
    2631 423 UUCUGUCGGACUGACAUUUCU
    2632 424 UUCAACAUUGCUGCCCUGUUU
    2633 425 UGAAGAGGGAGUGUGCAUCUU
    2634 426 UGAAACUCUAAAGAAAGUGCU
    2635 427 UGUCACUCUUUAUAUCUCUAU
    2636 428 UUCAUUUGGUCACUUAAAGGA
    2637 429 AAGCUCAUAUUAGACUCCGGG
    2638 430 AUACAUAACUCUCCAAUACAG
    2639 431 UGUCUAGUGCUGUAUAAACAG
    2640 432 UAGUGACAUCUCCCUAGCUUU
    2641 433 UUCUAUUGAAAUUAGUGGGAC
    2642 434 UUAUUUAUUGUAAAGCAAUAU
    2643 435 AUAUGGUGAAAUAGUAGUCAA
    2644 436 UGAAGCAAUGGAUUCAACCAC
    2645 437 UUGUCCAUAUGCAUUUCUUUU
    2646 438 UUCCGAAACAGAAAUAGGUGA
    2647 439 AUUAGAAAUAAACCCAUUGAG
    2648 440 UAAUUCCUUCUUGGGUUGCUG
    2649 441 UGGGAUUAUGACAACGCACUG
    2650 442 UUCAUUAUCCAGACCGUCAGA
    2651 443 UCUCUUCAUUAUCCAGACCGU
    2652 444 UUCUUUGGAAUCAUAGAAUUU
    2653 445 AUAUUCUAGCAAGUGUGACAG
    2654 446 UACUGCAAAUUAAGAAGCCUU
    2655 447 AAAUAAAUUACAUAAUCUGAG
    2656 448 AAAGUAUAACAUAGUAUGCUU
    2657 449 UGACUCAUUCUCUACUAUCGC
    2658 450 AGUACAGUUAUAUUCUAGCAA
    2659 451 AACAUUAACGUUCUUUCCUUU
    2660 452 UUAUCAUCAAUAAUGAAUAUG
    2661 453 UUUAUUUCCUUCCCAGUCCAC
    2662 454 UAGCGUCACAUAGCAAUUUAG
    2663 455 UACAGGUCUCUGUGACCACAU
    2664 456 UUUCCCACUGCCCUAUUCCUA
    2665 457 UAUGUAUCCAUGUGCACUUUU
    2666 458 UCAGUCUUACUCAUGAGGGAG
    2667 459 AUAGGAAAUACACCAGUGGGG
    2668 460 AAACAACCUAUAAAUAGGCAG
    2669 461 AUCAUUAUCUUUGUUUACUUA
    2670 462 UAUAGAAUACUCGUACACACA
    2671 463 AAUAGUGACAUCUCCCUAGCU
    2672 464 AUCUCUAUGGAUCACCUGGUU
    2673 465 UUAACAAUAUUAGGGUUCUUA
    2674 466 UCUCUAAGAUCUCCUCAUCUG
    2675 467 UCCUCAUCUGUCAUCUUGGAU
    2676 468 UUCAUCCAUACAGGUCUCUGU
    2677 469 UGAAUGUUUACUAUAUCACCU
    2678 470 ACAGAUAACACAUUCUGACAA
    2679 471 UUUACACGAUCUUUGAGCUGA
    2680 472 AAUACUCGUACACACAGGUGU
    2681 473 AAAUCUUGGUACAAAGUGGUA
    2682 474 AUAUCUGAGGUGACUACCUCA
    2683 475 UCUCUCAUUAGAGCAGUGUGG
    2684 476 UUGGAAGUUUGGAGUAAUCGU
    2685 477 UUGGUUAGAUGGUCUCCCUUG
    2686 478 UUUGAGCUGAGAAAUAUCAUU
    2687 479 UUGAUUGGGAUGUAGCCUUCA
    2688 480 UGACCUCAGGUGAUCCGCCUG
    2689 481 AAUAUUUACAAUGACACACAC
    2690 482 UGGAUUCAACCACAGAACGAG
    2691 483 UUUCUGUAUUGAGAAUGACCA
    2692 484 UUGUUAAUAUGCUGAACUGAA
    2693 485 ACAACUGAUUUCAAUUAUCUG
    2694 486 UGCUUAACUGAAUAUUAACUG
    2695 487 AUUGCAAGUCAUAACUUCUAU
    2696 488 AAUGUUUACUAUAUCACCUUU
    2697 489 UGCUUCGUUUACUUUGCUCAG
    2698 490 AAAGCUCAUAUUAGACUCCGG
    2699 491 UGUCAGUUUACAAAUGCUGAA
    2700 492 UGAACUUCAUUUGCUUGAGUU
    2701 493 UCCACCACCCUAACACAACUG
    2702 494 UAUGGUGAAAUAGUAGUCAAA
    2703 495 AAUGAUUUCAAAGUCAGCUUU
    2704 496 UCACUCUUGUUGCCGAGGCUG
    2705 497 AAGAACGAAGUCAUUACCCAA
    2706 498 UUUAAAUGUGGUUUCUCCUAU
    2707 499 AACAUAAAGAAUAAAUACUUG
    2708 500 AUGCAUUAGUAGCUACAGGAU
    2709 501 UCGCCUAUCCACAUCCAUCUC
    2710 502 AAUGUAUCUAUUUCCUCCUGG
    2711 503 UAUUGUCACUCUUUAUAUCUC
    2712 504 UAUUCAUCCUCAGUGGAGGAG
    2713 505 UGAGUGCUGAAGAAUCCCGGU
    2714 506 UGACUUCUCUAGGUAUAGGGU
    2715 507 UCAUUUGGUCACUUAAAGGAG
    2716 508 UUAUCUUUGUUUACUUAAUGU
    2717 509 AUAUUAUUAUCAAAUCUUGGU
    2718 510 UAAGCAUGAACACACCAUAUU
    2719 511 AUGAAUAUGGUAUUUGCGGGU
    2720 512 UUAUUGUAAAGCAAUAUUAUA
    2721 513 UGUUUCUUUGGAAUCAUAGAA
    2722 514 UACUCUCAGAAGAUUCAGGAA
    2723 515 UCCUGAACACACAUAUUCCUC
    2724 516 AUGGAUUCAACCACAGAACGA
    2725 517 UGCAAGAGGGACUACUCUCUA
    2726 518 UUCCUAACUCAGGACAUUUUG
    2727 519 UAUAACAUAGUAUGCUUCAAA
    2728 520 AAUUUCAGUCCUCUUGUUCAG
    2729 521 UUAGUAAUAAAGCUCAUAUUA
    2730 522 UCACUCUUUAUAUCUCUAUGG
    2731 523 UUUCUCUAUGUUGGUCAGGCU
    2732 524 UAUUAAGGAGAUUAACAACCU
    2733 525 UCGCUGUUGAUUUCCUCUUGG
    2734 526 UAUGUUGGAAGUUUGGAGUAA
    2735 527 UACCUGAAUGAUAUACAGUAA
    2736 528 UACACUCAAGACACAGUCAUG
    2737 529 UCUCUGCCUACAGUGAUCUGA
    2738 530 UUGGGUUAUAUUCAUUUGGUC
    2739 531 UAGGUAUAGGGUCUGCUUUUA
    2740 532 UUCAAAUUAAUAUUACCGUUU
    2741 533 UAUAUAGUUUGCUGAAACUCU
    2742 534 UAGUCUCCUAAGAAAGCGUGU
    2743 535 AAUCGUAUGCUCAAAGUCUGA
    2744 536 AUCAGAAAUGCUAUCUUUGGU
    2745 537 UAGAAGCUGUUCUCAUUUGAA
    2746 538 UUUAGUAAUAAAGCUCAUAUU
    2747 539 AAACACGUACACUAUAUAGUU
    2748 540 AAUGCUUCUUAGCUUCUCUAA
    2749 541 UAUUGAAAUUAGUGGGACUUG
    2750 542 AUUUGGAUAGACUCACCUGUG
    2751 543 UAUCUAAAUAAUUAACAAUAU
    2752 544 UUUCCUAGGUUCAGAACCUGA
    2753 545 AUAAUGAAUAUGGUAUUUGCG
    2754 546 UAAGAAGUUUCUAUUCAUUUG
    2755 547 UAAAGCAAUAUUAUAACAAUA
    2756 548 AACAGGAAGCAAUUUCGUGUU
    2757 549 UUCACUCUUGUUGCCGAGGCU
    2758 550 UUAAUGAUUUCAAAGUCAGCU
    2759 551 UAAGCAGCAUAUCUGAGGUGA
    2760 552 UAUGGGAUAGCAUUUGCCUGA
    2761 553 UCUCAGAGAAAGUCCCAUCUU
    2762 554 UUGCAGAUUCAGUUAGACAUU
    2763 555 UAGCAAUGGAAUGUGCUUCAC
    2764 556 UCCAUUAUUUCCAAGUUCCCA
    2765 557 UUCACAGGAAAGGAGAAGCUC
    2766 558 UGACUGUUUCUUUGGAAUCAU
    2767 559 UAUGUUUCAUAAGCACAAGAG
    2768 560 AGUAGCUUAGAUAAAGACCAA
    2769 561 UGUGCUUCUCACCCUUCCCUG
    2770 562 UUUAUCUUGCAAGUUCAACCC
    2771 563 AAAUAAUUAACAAUAUUAGGG
    2772 564 UCCACAUCCAUCUCAAGACAG
    2773 565 ACACAGUCAUGCACAAUCCAU
    2774 566 AUUAAUUUGUCAACAUUUCUC
    2775 567 UCUGAAGGGUCACUGCUCCAA
    2776 568 AACAGCUUGUGGGUUCUUCUU
    2777 569 UAGGAAAUACACCAGUGGGGU
    2778 570 AUAUUAUAGAAUCUCUCAGAA
    2779 571 UGAGAAACAGCUUCUUUCUAA
    2780 572 UGGGAUUACAGGUAUGAGCCA
    2781 573 UUAGGUUCACUCUUAGCAGUC
    2782 574 UGCUGUAUAAACAGUACCUGA
    2783 575 UAGAUGGAUGGAUGUACCUUG
    2784 576 UCUUCUUCUGUUCCAAUUUUG
    2785 577 UGGUCUCGAACUCCUGACCUC
    2786 578 UAAUCCAAAGUUACAGAAGAA
    2787 579 AUAUUAACUGCAAGUAGCUUA
    2788 580 AAGGAUUUCAGUAUUCUACAU
    2789 581 UUGAGCUGAGAAAUAUCAUUU
    2790 582 UGGAGCUGUGGUUGAGUGCUG
    2791 583 UUCCUAACCAGGUAUUGGGCU
    2792 584 AUCAUCAAUAAUGAAUAUGGU
    2793 585 AGAACAUCUAGAACAGCUUGU
    2794 586 UACCUCAUUAUUAAAGUUCUC
    2795 587 UCAUUUAUAGACAAAUAUCUC
    2796 588 AAUAAACUGUUAACAAUCUGG
    2797 589 UACUGCUGGUGAAGCAAUGGA
    2798 590 UCUCCUAUGAGGAUUUCCUAG
    2799 591 UAACUCUCCAAUACAGGGAAG
    2800 592 ACAAUUCUGAUAAACAAUGAA
    2801 593 UAUUAGAAAUAUACAUAACUC
    2802 594 AUAGAUGUAAGGAUCAGGUGG
    2803 595 UGUAUUUCUGGUUGUUGACUG
    2804 596 AUGGUGACUGAUUUGAGGGGA
    2805 597 AAUGAAUAUGGUAUUUGCGGG
    2806 598 ACUCUUUAUAUCUCUAUGGAU
    2807 599 UUCCAGCAGUGUACUCAUCAU
    2808 600 UUGUAUCAUAAGUAAAUGAUG
    2809 601 UAAUCUCUACUGUGCUUCUCA
    2810 602 AUGUUCACACAGUACUUGCUC
    2811 603 UUUGAGUGCAGGAAAUCCAAA
    2812 604 AAUGGAAUGUGCUUCACCGGG
    2813 605 UCUCUCAGGAUUCUGGAGCUC
    2814 606 AAACUCUAAAGAAAGUGCUUU
    2815 607 UCUUGGGUACUAAAUCUGUUG
    2816 608 AAUUAAACUCUAGAAAGCCCA
    2817 609 AUAUUUACAAUGACACACACA
    2818 610 UUCUUCCUCUUCAUCUUCUUC
    2819 611 UAUCUCCUGAUGUAAAGCUCA
    2820 612 UUUGCUGAAACUCUAAAGAAA
    2821 613 UUGGUGCGAUAACUGGUGGUG
    2822 614 UAAUUAUUUACACGAUCUUUG
    2823 615 UAUUUCCUCCUGGUAUGCCUA
    2824 616 ACAAAUAAAUUACAUAAUCUG
    2825 617 AUUUACAUGAAUACAAAUUUA
    2826 618 UACACAGACACUCCGCAGAUA
    2827 619 UGGGUUCUUCUUCUGUUCCAA
    2828 620 UGGAUCCUUGCUAACAACAUU
    2829 621 UCUCUGCAACUUGUAAGUGUU
    2830 622 UACAUGAAUACAAAUUUAUAA
    2831 623 UCAAGUUACUCGAUUGUACCA
    2832 624 UCUGUGACCACAUCAGUCAGA
    2833 625 AUAACUCUCCAAUACAGGGAA
    2834 626 UUCACUACACAUGGUUUACAG
    2835 627 UAACUGCAACAUAAGAGACUC
    2836 628 AACUGAUUUCAAUUAUCUGUG
    2837 629 UGCUGUUCUUAAUUGCUUCCU
    2838 630 UCUCAAUGCUAAUAGCAUGUA
    2839 631 AUUUACAAUGACACACACACG
    2840 632 AUACAGUAAUAUCCUGUUGGA
    2841 633 AUGAGGAUUUCCUAGGUUCAG
    2842 634 AACUUCUAUUGAAAUUAGUGG
    2843 635 UGCAUCUUUGAGAAACCUUUU
    2844 636 UCAGAAAUGCUAUCUUUGGUU
    2845 637 AUCUGCAACAGAUGUUAUCAA
    2846 638 AUUGCAACUCUAUUAGGGCAU
    2847 639 UGUAAAGCUCAUGUAUUUCUG
    2848 640 AGAUUUGGAUAGACUCACCUG
    2849 641 UUCCACCAUUUCAAUUGCCAU
    2850 642 UUACUCGAUUGUACCAAAUGU
    2851 643 UUUGCUCAGGAGUGAUCUGGG
    2852 644 UAACAUAGUAUGCUUCAAAUU
    2853 645 UCAAAUCUUGGUACAAAGUGG
    2854 646 AAUCUUGGUACAAAGUGGUAG
    2855 647 UUCCUUCUUGGGUUGCUGUUG
    2856 648 GAGAACAUCUAGAACAGCUUG
    2857 649 AUUAUUAAAGUUCUCACCUAA
    2858 650 AAGGCUUGCAGUCUUAGCGGC
    2859 651 UGCAUUAGUAGCUACAGGAUU
    2860 652 AGAAUUUCACUACACAUGGUU
    2861 653 UUGUAAUCCCUGUUUAUGUUA
    2862 654 UGGUUGUUGACUGUUUCUUUG
    2863 655 UUAGAUGGUCUCCCUUGCUCU
    2864 656 UCUGGAGCUCUGGAGUUCCAU
    2865 657 ACUCACAAUGCUUCUUAGCUU
    2866 658 AUAACUUCUAUUGAAAUUAGU
    2867 659 UCAACAUUGAAAGAUGUGCCC
    2868 660 UCAUCACCCACCAAGUAGCUA
    2869 661 AAGUCAGUCAAUUUAACAGAG
    2870 662 UAGGGCAUGGACUUCCACAUG
    2871 663 AUCUCAGCUCACCACAACCUC
    2872 664 AUGUUAUGAGUAUAAUCCCAG
    2873 665 UUUCAUUGAAUUUCCCGGCAC
    2874 666 UAUUCCAUUAUUUCCAAGUUC
    2875 667 AAGAAUAUUGUCACUCUUUAU
    2876 668 AGAAAUAUACAUAACUCUCCA
    2877 669 UUACAGAAGAAUUUCACUACA
    2878 670 UAUAAUCCCAGUAGACAUCAC
    2879 671 UUUGUCAACAUUUCUCAAUGC
    2880 672 UGGUCUUGGUGCGAUAACUGG
    2881 673 AAGUAAAUGAUGAUUAAUGUA
    2882 674 UACUUAUUAGAAAUAUACAUA
    2883 675 AUAUCUCUAUGGAUCACCUGG
    2884 676 UUGACUGUUUCUUUGGAAUCA
    2885 677 UCUGUAUUGAGAAUGACCAAU
    2886 678 UUCAACCUGAGAGUCUGUUAA
    2887 679 UUGUUUAAUGAUUUCAAAGUC
    2888 680 AUUCCGAAACAGAAAUAGGUG
    2889 681 ACUAAAUCUGUUGAACAUGUU
    2890 682 UAAUCAGAGGAGUCAGGCUGG
    2891 683 AAGUAUAACAUAGUAUGCUUC
    2892 684 UACACGAUCUUUGAGCUGAGA
    2893 685 AAAUGCUGAAUUUCAGUCCUC
    2894 686 CUAAGCAGCAUAUCUGAGGUG
    2895 687 UUCUAUUCAUUUGAAAGGUAA
    2896 688 UUUGCAGAUUCAGUUAGACAU
    2897 689 UAGCUUUAACUUAUAGAUAAU
    2898 690 UAAUCCCAGUAGACAUCACUA
    2899 691 UAUAUUCAUUUGGUCACUUAA
    2900 692 UAGUAAUAAAGCUCAUAUUAG
    2901 693 UUCUCUAGGUAUAGGGUCUGC
    2902 694 UCAAUGCAUUAGUAGCUACAG
    2903 695 GUGCUGUAUAAACAGUACCUG
    2904 696 AAUAUGCUGAACUGAAAGCAU
    2905 697 UAAUAAAUAGAUAUAUGGUGA
    2906 698 AUUAAACUCUAGAAAGCCCAG
    2907 699 AUCUGACUCAUUCUCUACUAU
    2908 700 AGACAGCUGCUAUCUGUCCUU
    2909 701 AAUUCUGUCGGACUGACAUUU
    2910 702 UAUUUGUUUAAUGAUUUCAAA
    2911 703 UGUCAACAUUUCUCAAUGCUA
    2912 704 UAGUUUGCUGAAACUCUAAAG
    2913 705 UGUUUCAUAAGCACAAGAGAG
    2914 706 AUGUGACAGGAUUUCACCGUU
    2915 707 AUACUGCAAAUUAAGAAGCCU
    2916 708 UAAUUGCAAGUCAUAACUUCU
    2917 709 UUAUCCAGACCGUCAGACAUU
    2918 710 UUUAUUUGGUACUGCUGGUGA
    2919 711 AAUUGCUUCCUUUGCAGCGAU
    2920 712 UAAGUGACUUGCCUAGCGUCA
    2921 713 AUCAAAUCUUGGUACAAAGUG
    2922 714 UCAUGGGAUUAUGACAACGCA
    2923 715 UACAGUUAUAUUCUAGCAAGU
    2924 716 ACAAGUUGUAUAGAAUACUCG
    2925 717 AGAAUUUGAGAACAUCUAGAA
    2926 718 UUCAGUUAGACAUUGUUUAAU
    2927 719 UAAAUGAUGAUUAAUGUAUCU
    2928 720 AAUGAUAUACAGUAAUAUCCU
    2929 721 AAGUCAUUACCCAACAUGGUG
    2930 722 UCUUCUUCUUCUUCCUCUUCA
    2931 723 UAUUAACUGCAAGUAGCUUAG
    2932 724 UGGUAGUAAAGAAGUACCUGG
    2933 725 UAAGUUCUGUUUAGAUUCUUU
    2934 726 UAUAAGAAGUUUCUAUUCAUU
    2935 727 ACAACAUUAACGUUCUUUCCU
    2936 728 UUCAAGACAUUUAUGAAUAUG
    2937 729 ACAACUGUAAAUGAAUUGGAA
    2938 730 AUUGUUUAAUAUUAAACACAU
    2939 731 UAAAUCUGUUGAACAUGUUGC
    2940 732 AACAUUGCUGCCCUGUUUGGG
    2941 733 UUUCUUUGGAAUCAUAGAAUU
    2942 734 UGAGUUCACUUCAAAUCCCAG
    2943 735 UAAACGUUAUAAAUUGUCAAA
    2944 736 UAGGGCUUCCUAACCAGGUAU
    2945 737 UGUAAAGCAAUAUUAUAACAA
    2946 738 UUAAAUGUGGUUUCUCCUAUG
    2947 739 UCUUGGUGCGAUAACUGGUGG
    2948 740 UCAGAACCUGAACUCACCUAG
    2949 741 UUUCUUGGGAUAUGAUUGUAA
    2950 742 UUAAUAUUACCGUUUCAUUUU
    2951 743 UGAGCUGAGAAAUAUCAUUUA
    2952 744 UUGUGGGUUCUUCUUCUGUUC
    2953 745 UUGAGCUUUAUUUAGAUAUAC
    2954 746 AGACCAGAUAUCAACUUUCGG
    2955 747 GAAAUAUACAUAACUCUCCAA
    2956 748 AAGAUUUGGAUAGACUCACCU
    2957 749 UCUACUAUCGCUGUUGAUUUC
    2958 750 AUGGUUUACAGAUAACACAUU
    2959 751 UAUCAUAAGUAAAUGAUGAUU
    2960 752 AUAAAGCACACCACACACAAG
    2961 753 UCAGCUCACCACAACCUCCGC
    2962 754 AAUAGUCUCCUAAGAAAGCGU
    2963 755 UACAGAGUUGAAUGUUUACUA
    2964 756 UUCCUAGGUUCAGAACCUGAA
    2965 757 UUUGGUCACUUAAAGGAGUGU
    2966 758 AAAGGCUUAGAGAAACAACUU
    2967 759 AAAUUAGUGGGACUUGCCCUA
    2968 760 AAAUUACAUAAUCUGAGGGAG
    2969 761 AUUGCUUCAACCACAAUUUAA
    2970 762 UACAAGUUGUAUAGAAUACUC
    2971 763 UAAUUAACAAUAUUAGGGUUC
    2972 764 AACAUAAACACGUACACUAUA
    2973 765 AACUUUCGGACCAUAAGCUUU
    2974 766 UUAUGAGUAUAAUCCCAGUAG
    2975 767 UCUCAGAAGAUUCAGGAAGUG
    2976 768 UGAUUAAUGUAUCUAUUUCCU
    2977 769 AAUCAUAGAAUUUGAGAACAU
    2978 770 ACAGCUGACAGUCUCUCAGGA
    2979 771 UCAUCCUCAGUGGAGGAGCCG
    2980 772 ACUAGCAACAUCAAAGAUUUG
    2981 773 UAGCAACAUCAAAGAUUUGGA
    2982 774 CAGUAUUCUACAUUUAUCUGG
    2983 775 AACACACAUAUUCCUCUCCAC
    2984 776 UUAAACUCUAGAAAGCCCAGC
    2985 777 AACACAACUGAUUUCAAUUAU
    2986 778 UAGAAAUAAACCCAUUGAGCA
    2987 779 UACAGAUAACACAUUCUGACA
    2988 780 UUGGAGCUGUGGUUGAGUGCU
    2989 781 AACGAGUAUAGAUUGAUUUUG
    2990 782 UGAUCUGGGCACAGAACCCAA
    2991 783 AUGGAGACCAUCCCAAGCCAA
    2992 784 AGUUAGAAGGAAGUUAUCCUU
    2993 785 CUUAUAGAUAAUAGUCUCCUA
    2994 786 UACCUUUGCUUAACUGAAUAU
    2995 787 UUCUCUAAGAUCUCCUCAUCU
    2996 788 UCAAGACACAGUCAUGCACAA
    2997 789 AUGACACACACACGAGAUCAG
    2998 790 UGGAAUUCCAGUGAAUUCCCC
    2999 791 UCUCUCUCUCAUUAGAGCAGU
    3000 792 UGAAUCCUUCAGCAUCACUGU
    3001 793 AUUAACUGCAAGUAGCUUAGA
    3002 794 UUCCAAGAGACCAGAUAUCAA
    3003 795 AUAAUUGUAACUAGCAAAUAU
    3004 796 UUCAGAGCUCAGAGACUGGGA
    3005 797 UUAUCCCACUACAUCUGACUC
    3006 798 AAUAAAUAGAUAUAUGGUGAA
    3007 799 UCUCAGUUCCCGCAUUUGCAG
    3008 800 UUACAAAUGCUGAAUUUCAGU
    3009 801 UGUAAAUGAAUUGGAAGGCUG
    3010 802 UAGGUUCACUCUUAGCAGUCU
    3011 803 UUACCCUCUUUCCAGCAGUGU
    3012 804 UGUUGAAGGUUCAUCUGCUUU
    3013 805 UUUCAGUCCUCUUGUUCAGAG
    3014 806 UCUUUGGAAUCAUAGAAUUUG
    3015 807 UAACUCCCAGUUUACCCUCUU
    3016 808 UCUCCUUCUUCUUAUUGGUUU
    3017 809 UAGGCUAGUAUUUAUCCCACU
    3018 810 UUAUCUCAGGGCACACUAGCA
    3019 811 AAAUACUUGAGUUAAAUCUUC
    3020 812 AGUUAUAUUCUAGCAAGUGUG
    3021 813 UAAACCCAUUGAGCAAAGGAA
    3022 814 UACUAUCGCUGUUGAUUUCCU
    3023 815 AAUACAGCUGACAGUCUCUCA
    3024 816 UCUUUCUCCUUCUUCUUAUUG
    3025 817 UCAACUUUCGGACCAUAAGCU
    3026 818 UUGAGCAAAGGAAUAUAAUUA
    3027 819 UUGAAAGAUGUGCCCUCGUUA
    3028 820 AUUUCUCUCUGCAACUUGUAA
    3029 821 UGAAAGAAAUCUGAAUAACAU
    3030 822 UCUUUCUAAUACUUAUUAGAA
    3031 823 AACUGCAACAUAAGAGACUCA
    3032 824 UUAAUUUAGGUAUCAUUAUCU
    3033 825 AGAAAUAUCAUUUAUAGACAA
    3034 826 CAUAUAAGGAAUUCUGUCGGA
    3035 827 AAGUGUUUAGGUUCACUCUUA
    3036 828 UGAUCUGAAGGGUCACUGCUC
    3037 829 UGACCUCUUUAUUUGGUACUG
    3038 830 UACUCGAAGGAUGGGCUGCUA
    3039 831 AUUAACAACCUGGUUUACUCA
    3040 832 UGAGUUAAAUCUUCUUACAUG
    3041 833 AUUCCUUCUUGGGUUGCUGUU
    3042 834 AAUGCAUUAGUAGCUACAGGA
    3043 835 ACUAGCAAAUAUCUCUGCCCU
    3044 836 UGUGACAGGAUUUCACCGUUU
    3045 837 AACACAUUCCCAAUGCAUGUU
    3046 838 AAUAAUUUGUAUCAUAAGUAA
    3047 839 AUUAUUAUGAACUUCAUUUGC
    3048 840 UAUGCUGAACUGAAAGCAUAA
    3049 841 AUAAACACGUACACUAUAUAG
    3050 842 UUACUGCUGGUAUUAUGGGAU
    3051 843 AUCUAGUCCAAUACACUUAUU
    3052 844 UCUUAGCUUCUCUAAGAUCUC
    3053 845 UGCUGAAUUUCAGUCCUCUUG
    3054 846 ACUAUCGCUGUUGAUUUCCUC
    3055 847 ACACAUAUUCCUCUCCACUUU
    3056 848 UUCUUUCUAAUACUUAUUAGA
    3057 849 UGGAAUGUGCUUCACCGGGGA
    3058 850 UCAUUGAUGUUUGUCAUUUUU
    3059 851 AAAUGAUGAUUAAUGUAUCUA
    3060 852 AAUUUGUCAACAUUUCUCAAU
    3061 853 UUCAGUAUUCUACAUUUAUCU
    3062 854 UCUAGUCCAAUACACUUAUUU
    3063 855 ACAACUUUCUGUAAUUUACAA
    3064 856 UUCUGGUUGUUGACUGUUUCU
    3065 857 UUCUGUGAAGAUCUUAUCAUC
    3066 858 UUAAUUCCUUCUUGGGUUGCU
    3067 859 AUCUCUGCCCUGCAUGCUCUG
    3068 860 UGUGGUUUCUCCUAUGAGGAU
    3069 861 AUGUAACUGAUCUCUUUCCCC
    3070 862 UACAGAAGAAUUUCACUACAC
    3071 863 UUAAGAAGCCUUCUAUAACAC
    3072 864 AAAUGCUAUCUUUGGUUCCCA
    3073 865 UAAGAAGCCUUCUAUAACACA
    3074 866 UUUGGAGUAAUCGUGCCCAUU
    3075 867 AUUAAGGCCUCUCUCUCUCAU
    3076 868 AUUUGAAAGGUAAAGAACCCC
    3077 869 UUUGUUUAAAUGUGGUUUCUC
    3078 870 UAUCAGAUACAAUGCCCUGAG
    3079 871 UUUGGUACUGCUGGUGAAGCA
    3080 872 AACACAACACUAUGAAGAGGG
    3081 873 UUUCAAGACAUUUAUGAAUAU
    3082 874 UGGAUCCUUCUCAACUUGUUU
    3083 875 UAUAAACAGUACCUGAUGCCC
    3084 876 UAGCAGGAUGUCACAGUUUCA
    3085 877 AAAUCUGUUGAACAUGUUGCC
    3086 878 UUCAACCACAGAACGAGUAUA
    3087 879 AUGUACAUAAGUUCUGUUUAG
    3088 880 UCUGAAGGAAGAGAGAUCUCU
    3089 881 UGUCAUCAGAAAUGCUAUCUU
    3090 882 AUCGUAUGCUCAAAGUCUGAA
    3091 883 UUCUUCUUCUUCCUCUUCAUC
    3092 884 UCUCUCUCAUUAGAGCAGUGU
    3093 885 CACACAAGCACACACAUUGAA
    3094 886 AUGGGAAGUGGUUUGGAGCUG
    3095 887 UAUAGAUAAUAGUCUCCUAAG
    3096 888 GAAUAAACUGUUAACAAUCUG
    3097 889 UGCAUGUUGGGUUAUAUUCAU
    3098 890 UCUAAGAUCUCCUCAUCUGUC
    3099 891 UGGAAGUGACCACUUUAUGGU
    3100 892 UCUCUAGGUAUAGGGUCUGCU
    3101 893 UCUGCAACUUGUAAGUGUUUA
    3102 894 UAUUGUAAAGCAAUAUUAUAA
    3103 895 AUAUGCUGAACUGAAAGCAUA
    3104 896 AAAUCUGAAUAACAUAAAGAA
    3105 897 UUCAUCACCCACCAAGUAGCU
    3106 898 AGUAGCUACAGGAUUCUGUGA
    3107 899 ACAGUUAUACAGACAACAGGA
    3108 900 AGAGGUUAAGUGACUUGCCUA
    3109 901 UAGACAUUGUUUAAUAUUAAA
    3110 902 UGAACACACAUAUUCCUCUCC
    3111 903 UUCACUUCAAAUCCCAGGCCC
    3112 904 UAUUCCAUGACUACCCAUAGU
    3113 905 UGGGAGAUACUUGCACUACUG
    3114 906 AACAAGGAUUUCAGUAUUCUA
    3115 907 ACAGGUGUGCACAUGGAGGUG
    3116 908 UCCAAUCUAAAGCAACCACAA
    3117 909 AAUUCCACCACCCUAACACAA
    3118 910 UCUUGGGUUGCUGUUGAAGGU
    3119 911 AAAGUCUGAAGGAAGAGAGAU
    3120 912 UAUUUACAAUGACACACACAC
    3121 913 GUAUUCUACAUUUAUCUGGUU
    3122 914 UGUUACUAUUCAUCCUCAGUG
    3123 915 AAUACCUUUAAUCCAAAGUUA
    3124 916 UAAAGAAAGUGCUUUCAUUUU
    3125 917 AGAUAUCAACUUUCGGACCAU
    3126 918 AACAAAUUAAUUUGUCAACAU
    3127 919 UGGUUUGGAGCUGUGGUUGAG
    3128 920 ACACAUUGAACUUGAAUUUUG
    3129 921 UCAAAGAUUUGGAUAGACUCA
    3130 922 UGGAAUCAUAGAAUUUGAGAA
    3131 923 AGCACACACAUUGAACUUGAA
    3132 924 UUGCAGCGAUAAUCAGAGGAG
    3133 925 AUAAUUUGUAUCAUAAGUAAA
    3134 926 AGAGGGACUACUCUCUAACUU
    3135 927 CUAGCAAAUAUCUCUGCCCUG
    3136 928 AAUUUCACUACACAUGGUUUA
    3137 929 UUCUAGCAAGUGUGACAGUGU
    3138 930 UUUACUUAAUGUCCAACAAGG
    3139 931 AAUCAGAGGAGUCAGGCUGGA
    3140 932 AAGCACACACAUUGAACUUGA
    3141 933 UUGGGAUAUGAUUGUAAGUUA
    3142 934 UCACUUCAACAUUGCUGCCCU
    3143 935 GAACAUCUAGAACAGCUUGUG
    3144 936 UAGUGAAACUAAGCAGCAUAU
    3145 937 AAGUACAGUUAUAUUCUAGCA
    3146 938 UGAAUUUCCCGGCACUAUGAG
    3147 939 AAGUUUGGAGUAAUCGUGCCC
    3148 940 UAUGAGUAUAAUCCCAGUAGA
    3149 941 AACAUGGACACACAAAUAUUU
    3150 942 UUCUUCCUAGGCUAGUAUUUA
    3151 943 AAGCCCUUCCUGAACACACAU
    3152 944 ACAUUUAUGAAUAUGCUUUUG
    3153 945 ACUGUCAGUUUACAAAUGCUG
    3154 946 UAUUAUGGGAUAGCAUUUGCC
    3155 947 AUUUAUUUCCUUCCCAGUCCA
    3156 948 ACACACACACGAGAUCAGCAA
    3157 949 UGUCCAACAAGGAUUUCAGUA
    3158 950 UGUAUUGAGAAUGACCAAUAA
    3159 951 UUUCUGGUUGUUGACUGUUUC
    3160 952 ACACAGUCACUAAUGUACUGA
    3161 953 UUCCCGCAUUUGCAGAUUCAG
    3162 954 UUCUUACAGAGUUGAAUGUUU
    3163 955 AAUGCUACAAGUUGUAUAGAA
    3164 956 AAUCCUUCAGCAUCACUGUGG
    3165 957 AGUUUCACUCUUGUUGCCGAG
    3166 958 UCAUCUUCUUCUUCAGACACA
    3167 959 UUGCAAUACUUUAGGUCCAAG
    3168 960 UAUGUUGGUCAGGCUGGUCUC
    3169 961 UUUACCCUCUUUCCAGCAGUG
    3170 962 UCUACACAGACACUCCGCAGA
    3171 963 ACAGCUUCUUUCUAAUACUUA
    3172 964 CAACUUUCGGACCAUAAGCUU
    3173 965 AAAGCCUAUGGAAUAAUUGUA
    3174 966 AUGAUUUCAAAGUCAGCUUUU
    3175 967 UUCCUUCCCAGUCCACAUGCA
    3176 968 AUGUUGGUCAGGCUGGUCUCG
    3177 969 UAUCUGUCCUUCAUCCAUACA
    3178 970 UUGCAACUCUAUUAGGGCAUG
    3179 971 AUGCUAACUAAUGAAUAGGGC
    3180 972 UGUUCUUAAUUGCUUCCUUUG
    3181 973 AUCUGAAGGGUCACUGCUCCA
    3182 974 UACUAAAUCUGUUGAACAUGU
    3183 975 ACUUAUAGAUAAUAGUCUCCU
    3184 976 AUCUUCUUCUUCAGACACAGG
    3185 977 AACUACUGCAAACAACCUAUA
    3186 978 UCUCUAUGGAUCACCUGGUUU
    3187 979 AUUGUACCAAAUGUGAAUCCU
    3188 980 UUCUCAAUGCUAAUAGCAUGU
    3189 981 AUUUCUUACAGAGUUGAAUGU
    3190 982 UAUAUCACCUUUCUCUAGAUC
    3191 983 AAUUAAUUUGUCAACAUUUCU
    3192 984 UGUUUACUUAAUGUCCAACAA
    3193 985 UCAGUUACAACUAAUUUCACA
    3194 986 UCUAAUACUUAUUAGAAAUAU
    3195 987 ACGUACACUAUAUAGUUUGCU
    3196 988 UGCAACAGAUGUUAUCAAGGG
    3197 989 UUCUGGAGCUCUGGAGUUCCA
    3198 990 UUACAUGAAUACAAAUUUAUA
    3199 991 UUAUGGUCACUUCAACAUUGC
    3200 992 AAGUCAUAUAAGGAAUUCUGU
    3201 993 UAACUGCAAGUAGCUUAGAUA
    3202 994 ACAGUUAUAUUCUAGCAAGUG
    3203 995 AAGUGGUUUGGAGCUGUGGUU
    3204 996 UCUGAGGUGACUACCUCAUUA
    3205 997 AACACUCACAAUGCUUCUUAG
    3206 998 UAUAACAAUAUCAAAUAAAAU
    3207 999 ACACACAUUGAACUUGAAUUU
    3208 1000 AAUAGCAUGUAAUUACUUUUU
    3209 1001 UUAUUAUCAAAUCUUGGUACA
    3210 1002 AAAGAAUAAAUACUUGAGUUA
    3211 1003 CUGAAUUUCAGUCCUCUUGUU
    3212 1004 AUGAACUUCAUUUGCUUGAGU
    3213 1005 ACAUCCAUCUCAAGACAGCGA
    3214 1006 UAUUUGGUACUGCUGGUGAAG
    3215 1007 AGGAUUUCAUUGAAUUUCCCG
    3216 1008 UUAGAUAAAGACCAAGAGAUU
    3217 1009 AAGAGACCAGAUAUCAACUUU
    3218 1010 AUCAUCUUACAUAGUUCUUUU
    3219 1011 AUAACACAAAUUGUUAGUUUU
    3220 1012 CACUUCAACAUUGCUGCCCUG
    3221 1013 AGACAGUCCUACAUAUUUGUU
    3222 1014 UAGUGCUGUAUAAACAGUACC
    3223 1015 UAUACUGCAAAUUAAGAAGCC
    3224 1016 AUUUAGGUAUCAUUAUCUUUG
    3225 1017 AAACAGAAAUAGGUGAUACAU
    3226 1018 UCUUCUUCCUCUUCAUCUUCU
    3227 1019 UCAUUUCUCUCUGCAACUUGU
    3228 1020 AAUAAUUGUAACUAGCAAAUA
    3229 1021 AACUUCAUUUGCUUGAGUUUU
    3230 1022 UGUUCACACAGUACUUGCUCU
    3231 1023 UAUCCAGACCGUCAGACAUUU
    3232 1024 AAAGCUCAUGUAUUUCUGGUU
    3233 1025 UCACGGAAUACAGCUGACAGU
    3234 1026 UGGAACCAUACCAUCAGCAGG
    3235 1027 UUGGAAUCAUAGAAUUUGAGA
    3236 1028 UAAACACGUACACUAUAUAGU
    3237 1029 CACAACACUAUGAAGAGGGAG
    3238 1030 CACACUAGCAACAUCAAAGAU
    3239 1031 UCCAUCUUUCCUGCAGCAGAG
    3240 1032 AUAUAAGGAAUUCUGUCGGAC
    3241 1033 CAACAUUAACGUUCUUUCCUU
    3242 1034 UGGUGUGACCUCUUUAUUUGG
    3243 1035 AUAAAGAAUAAAUACUUGAGU
    3244 1036 UAUACAUAACUCUCCAAUACA
    3245 1037 UGUUGGGUUAUAUUCAUUUGG
    3246 1038 UCCUAUGAGGAUUUCCUAGGU
    3247 1039 UUCUAAAGGAGACUCCGAUGG
    3248 1040 UCCUGAUGUAAAGCUCAUGUA
    3249 1041 AUUUCAUUGAAUUUCCCGGCA
    3250 1042 AAUCUCUACUGUGCUUCUCAC
    3251 1043 AUCUGUCCUUCAUCCAUACAG
    3252 1044 AUCUCCUGAUGUAAAGCUCAU
    3253 1045 UCCAGCAGUGUACUCAUCAUA
    3254 1046 UGCAUGGGCUCUGCUAUCUUG
    3255 1047 AAUGCUAUCUUUGGUUCCCAA
    3256 1048 AUGCUGAAUUUCAGUCCUCUU
    3257 1049 UCUCCUGAUGUAAAGCUCAUG
    3258 1050 UACCCAUAGUUCAUCACCCAC
    3259 1051 UACAUAUUUGUUUAAUGAUUU
    3260 1052 AUGGAAUGUGCUUCACCGGGG
    3261 1053 UCUGCCUACAGUGAUCUGAAG
    3262 1054 CAAGUCAUAACUUCUAUUGAA
    3263 1055 CUUUCUUAUUCUUCUCUUCAG
    3264 1056 ACACACAAGCACACACAUUGA
    3265 1057 UGCAAAUUAAGAAGCCUUCUA
    3266 1058 UCAUUAUCUUUGUUUACUUAA
    3267 1059 AAUCUGAAUAACAUAAAGAAU
    3268 1060 UAAAUGUGGUUUCUCCUAUGA
    3269 1061 UCCUCUUUCAGGUAUUAAGGA
    3270 1062 AACACUAUGAAGAGGGAGUGU
    3271 1063 UAAUAUUACCGUUUCAUUUUC
    3272 1064 UCAUCAGAAAUGCUAUCUUUG
    3273 1065 UUAUUUCCAAGUUCCCAUUUA
    3274 1066 UAUCCUUCUAGUCCUCCAAAA
    3275 1067 UUCCCAACAAAUUAAUUUGUC
    3276 1068 AUCCUCGCCUAUCCACAUCCA
    3277 1069 UUAUAUCUCUAUGGAUCACCU
    3278 1070 CUUUGUUUACUUAAUGUCCAA
    3279 1071 AUUGAAAGAUGUGCCCUCGUU
    3280 1072 UAUUCCUAACUCAGGACAUUU
    3281 1073 CUUCUCUAGGUAUAGGGUCUG
    3282 1074 UCACCUUUCUCUAGAUCUUUA
    3283 1075 AACUUAUAGAUAAUAGUCUCC
    3284 1076 UGGACACACAAAUAUUUACAA
    3285 1077 UUCUUCAGACACAGGAGGGGC
    3286 1078 UCUCGAACUCCUGACCUCAGG
    3287 1079 UUGCAAGUUCAACCCAAUUAA
    3288 1080 UGUGAAGAUCUUAUCAUCAAU
    3289 1081 UCAUUAUUAAAGUUCUCACCU
    3290 1082 AUUAUGGGAUAGCAUUUGCCU
    3291 1083 AAAUACACGUUCAGAAUUGUG
    3292 1084 AGCUUGUGGGUUCUUCUUCUG
    3293 1085 UAUUUACACGAUCUUUGAGCU
    3294 1086 UGAAUUUCAGUCCUCUUGUUC
    3295 1087 UCUCUGUGACCACAUCAGUCA
    3296 1088 UAAAUGAAUUGGAAGGCUGCC
    3297 1089 UCAGAUACAAUGCCCUGAGUG
    3298 1090 CAAGCACACACAUUGAACUUG
    3299 1091 UGCUGUUGAAGGUUCAUCUGC
    3300 1092 UUCCCACCAUAGUGCUUCGUU
    3301 1093 UGUUAUGUUGGAAGUUUGGAG
    3302 1094 AUUAUCCAGACCGUCAGACAU
    3303 1095 UUGAAUGUUUACUAUAUCACC
    3304 1096 AUGAAUAGGGCUUCCUAACCA
    3305 1097 AGCAACAUCAAAGAUUUGGAU
    3306 1098 UGAAAUUAGUGGGACUUGCCC
    3307 1099 UAACCAGGUAUUGGGCUCUCU
    3308 1100 UCAAUAAUGAAUAUGGUAUUU
    3309 1101 AAGAAGUUUCUAUUCAUUUGA
    3310 1102 UGGAGACGAAGUUUCACUCUU
    3311 1103 CAACAUAAGAGACUCAGGCUU
    3312 1104 UAAAUAAUUUGUAUCAUAAGU
    3313 1105 UAAUAUCCUGUUGGACAAGAA
    3314 1106 GAAUCCUUCAGCAUCACUGUG
    3315 1107 UGCAGAUUCAGUUAGACAUUG
    3316 1108 UAUUAUAGAAUCUCUCAGAAC
    3317 1109 AUUGGGACCAUCCACUAACUC
    3318 1110 AAAUAUUCCAUUAUUUCCAAG
    3319 1111 AGAAAUAGGUGAUACAUAGGA
    3320 1112 UCUAUUGCUUCAACCACAAUU
    3321 1113 UUUAUUUAUUGUAAAGCAAUA
    3322 1114 UUUAAUCCAAAGUUACAGAAG
    3323 1115 CAAGUUACUCGAUUGUACCAA
    3324 1116 AUAAGCACAAGAGAGGAUUAA
    3325 1117 UCAGCCUCCCAAGUAGCUGGG
    3326 1118 AUUUCUCAAUGCUAAUAGCAU
    3327 1119 AAGACCCUAAGGAUCAUCUAG
    3328 1120 GAGAAGAAUAUUGUCACUCUU
    3329 1121 UCUAUAACACAAAUUGUUAGU
    3330 1122 UCACUGCUCCAAGGUCUCCAA
    3331 1123 AUUUGGUCACUUAAAGGAGUG
    3332 1124 UCCUUCAUCCAUACAGGUCUC
    3333 1125 CUACAUCUGACUCAUUCUCUA
    3334 1126 UCUUCCAUCUUUCCUGCAGCA
    3335 1127 ACUGCAACAUAAGAGACUCAG
    3336 1128 AAGCAAUGGAUUCAACCACAG
    3337 1129 CUCUGUGACCACAUCAGUCAG
    3338 1130 AUCCCGGUUGUUACUAUUCAU
    3339 1131 AGAAGAUUCAGGAAGUGCCAA
    3340 1132 AAGCCCAGCACUACUUCACAG
    3341 1133 AAAUGUGGUUUCUCCUAUGAG
    3342 1134 AUCUAAAUAAUUAACAAUAUU
    3343 1135 UAUCUCUGCCCUGCAUGCUCU
    3344 1136 AUUAAACACAUUCCCAAUGCA
    3345 1137 UAGUAUGCUUCAAAUUAAUAU
    3346 1138 UCCUAAGAAAGCGUGUGCCAU
    3347 1139 AGAAGGAUGGAACCAUACCAU
    3348 1140 UUAGGGCAUGGACUUCCACAU
    3349 1141 AAACUCUAGAAAGCCCAGCAC
    3350 1142 AACAUGGUGACUGAUUUGAGG
    3351 1143 AAAUAAUUUGUAUCAUAAGUA
    3352 1144 CUUAACUGAAUAUUAACUGCA
    3353 1145 AGAAAUAAACCCAUUGAGCAA
    3354 1146 UAGAAAGCCCAGCACUACUUC
    3355 1147 UCCUGUUGCAAUGUCUAGUGC
    3356 1148 AAGAAGCCUUCUAUAACACAA
    3357 1149 CACAUGUUCACACAGUACUUG
    3358 1150 CAUUAUUAAAGUUCUCACCUA
    3359 1151 UUGUUACUAUUCAUCCUCAGU
    3360 1152 UGGGAAGAUAGAGCGAAGCCU
    3361 1153 AGAAUACUCGUACACACAGGU
    3362 1154 UCUUCCUCUUCAUCUUCUUCU
    3363 1155 UCAUGCACAAUCCAUAUUUCA
    3364 1156 AACUAGCAAAUAUCUCUGCCC
    3365 1157 UUUCUCUUCAUUAUCCAGACC
    3366 1158 AAUGCUAAUAGCAUGUAAUUA
    3367 1159 UCAGAGCUCAGAGACUGGGAG
    3368 1160 UUUGGAGUUCUAAUAGUGACA
    3369 1161 UCACUGACCUCCCAUUUCUUA
    3370 1162 UAAUGUCCAACAAGGAUUUCA
    3371 1163 UCCUUCUUCUUAUUGGUUUUA
    3372 1164 UGCAAGUCAUAACUUCUAUUG
    3373 1165 UAAGAUGUGGAUAUAUGGAUG
    3374 1166 ACGUGGAUCCUUCUCAACUUG
    3375 1167 AAUACUUGAGUUAAAUCUUCU
    3376 1168 AGUGUACUCAUCAUACAACUG
    3377 1169 UCUCAGGAUUCUGGAGCUCUG
    3378 1170 UCCUACCUGAAUGAUAUACAG
    3379 1171 AUAGGGCUUCCUAACCAGGUA
    3380 1172 AUAUAUGGUGAAAUAGUAGUC
    3381 1173 AGUGAUAUUAUAGAAUCUCUC
    3382 1174 AUGUAUCUAUUUCCUCCUGGU
    3383 1175 AAAGUCAGUCAAUUUAACAGA
    3384 1176 UUUGGGCUGCGAUUCAGGCUU
    3385 1177 UCUUUGUCCAUAUGCAUUUCU
    3386 1178 UUUGAAUGCAAGAGGGACUAC
    3387 1179 AUUUAUUGUAAAGCAAUAUUA
    3388 1180 UUUCUGCUGUUUAUUUAUUGU
    3389 1181 AAUAUCUCUGCCCUGCAUGCU
    3390 1182 UUUGUUUACUUAAUGUCCAAC
    3391 1183 AUAUGGUAUUUGCGGGUCCAU
    3392 1184 AUUAUUAUCAAAUCUUGGUAC
    3393 1185 UAAAUGCUACAAGUUGUAUAG
    3394 1186 AUAGUUUGCUGAAACUCUAAA
    3395 1187 UGCUAACUAAUGAAUAGGGCU
    3396 1188 UUCCAGAAAGGCAAUAUCUGC
    3397 1189 AGAACCUGAACUCACCUAGCA
    3398 1190 UGAUGAUUAAUGUAUCUAUUU
    3399 1191 UCCGAAACAGAAAUAGGUGAU
    3400 1192 UUGUCAUCAGAAAUGCUAUCU
    3401 1193 UUUGAAAGGUAAAGAACCCCC
    3402 1194 CUUAGAGAAACAACUUUCUGU
    3403 1195 AUAUCAUUUAUAGACAAAUAU
    3404 1196 AGGAUUUCACCGUUUGAGCUU
    3405 1197 UAGUGGGACUUGCCCUAUUGG
    3406 1198 AUAUUUGUUUAAUGAUUUCAA
    3407 1199 UCACAUAGCAAUUUAGUAAUA
    3408 1200 GAAUACUCGUACACACAGGUG
    3409 1201 UUCCACAUGUUCACACAGUAC
    3410 1202 AACCUGAACUCACCUAGCAGG
    3411 1203 UCUUACAGAGUUGAAUGUUUA
    3412 1204 UACUUCACAGGAAAGGAGAAG
    3413 1205 CAACUUGUAAGUGUUUAGGUU
    3414 1206 GCUAACAACAUUAACGUUCUU
    3415 1207 AUUCAGUUAGACAUUGUUUAA
    3416 1208 UACAAAGUGGUAGUAAAGAAG
    3417 1209 UACAUAAGUUCUGUUUAGAUU
    3418 1210 AAAUAUACAUAACUCUCCAAU
    3419 1211 UGUCCUUCAUCCAUACAGGUC
    3420 1212 AUGCUCUGGUCUUGGUGCGAU
    3421 1213 AGUAUUCUACAUUUAUCUGGU
    3422 1214 AUAAACAGUACCUGAUGCCCC
    3423 1215 UCAUCUCCUGAACAUAAACAC
    3424 1216 UAGUAUUUAUCCCACUACAUC
    3425 1217 AUCCCACUACAUCUGACUCAU
    3426 1218 CAUAGAAUUUGAGAACAUCUA
    3427 1219 UACACACAGGUGUGCACAUGG
    3428 1220 AACGAAGUCAUUACCCAACAU
    3429 1221 UUGAGUGCAGGAAAUCCAAAG
    3430 1222 UAGGCAGGGCAUUGGGACCAU
    3431 1223 AUGUGAAUCCUUCAGCAUCAC
    3432 1224 ACACACAGGUGUGCACAUGGA
    3433 1225 UCAUAGGAGAAAUAUUCCAUU
    3434 1226 UCUGCUGUUUAUUUAUUGUAA
    3435 1227 CUUCAAAUUAAUAUUACCGUU
    3436 1228 UCUCUGGGCGCUCUUUCUCCU
    3437 1229 UCCUAGGCUAGUAUUUAUCCC
    3438 1230 UUUCUCUGCCUACAGUGAUCU
    3439 1231 CAACAUUGAAAGAUGUGCCCU
    3440 1232 UUCUUAGCUUCUCUAAGAUCU
    3441 1233 ACAGUCUCUCAGGAUUCUGGA
    3442 1234 UGGUUUACUCAAUUAUCUUUU
    3443 1235 AGUUCUAAUAGUGACAUCUCC
    3444 1236 ACCACACACAAGCACACACAU
    3445 1237 UCUCUAUGUUGGUCAGGCUGG
    3446 1238 UCAAAGUCUGAAGGAAGAGAG
    3447 1239 AGACCAAGAGAUUCAACCGGG
    3448 1240 UUCACCUUCCACCAUUUCAAU
    3449 1241 CAAAGUAUAACAUAGUAUGCU
    3450 1242 UAGCUACAGGAUUCUGUGAAG
    3451 1243 AAUAUCUGCAACAGAUGUUAU
    3452 1244 ACAAUGACACACACACGAGAU
    3453 1245 AAGUUUCACUCUUGUUGCCGA
    3454 1246 AACAUUGAAAGAUGUGCCCUC
    3455 1247 UCUGCAACAGAUGUUAUCAAG
    3456 1248 GUGGUAGUAAAGAAGUACCUG
    3457 1249 AUGCUUCUUAGCUUCUCUAAG
    3458 1250 UGCUGAAGAAUCCCGGUUGUU
    3459 1251 ACUACAUCUGACUCAUUCUCU
    3460 1252 UUCGCUUCACGGUGGAAGUGA
    3461 1253 AAGCUCAUGUAUUUCUGGUUG
    3462 1254 UCUCCUCAUCUGUCAUCUUGG
    3463 1255 AUUACAUAAUCUGAGGGAGUA
    3464 1256 AUUCUCUACUAUCGCUGUUGA
    3465 1257 AUCACAUUGGGUAAGGAGUUU
    3466 1258 UUUCUUUGGUGAGUUAGAAGG
    3467 1259 CAAUUUAGUAAUAAAGCUCAU
    3468 1260 AUUGCUGCCCUGUUUGGGCUG
    3469 1261 AUCUUUGUUUAAAUGUGGUUU
    3470 1262 ACAGGAAGCAAUUUCGUGUUU
    3471 1263 UUCAAGCGAUUCUCCCACCUC
    3472 1264 AUACAGGUCUCUGUGACCACA
    3473 1265 AAACAACUGUAAAUGAAUUGG
    3474 1266 UAACAACCUGGUUUACUCAAU
    3475 1267 AUAGUUGUAAUCCCUGUUUAU
    3476 1268 GAACCUGAACUCACCUAGCAG
    3477 1269 AUGAUGAUUAAUGUAUCUAUU
    3478 1270 AAGAGAGGAUUAAUUUAGGUA
    3479 1271 GUUUACAGAUAACACAUUCUG
    3480 1272 UAUCUAUUUCCUCCUGGUAUG
    3481 1273 AUAGAUAAUAGUCUCCUAAGA
    3482 1274 UAUCCCACUGUGGACAUUUUC
    3483 1275 UUGAAUUUCCCGGCACUAUGA
    3484 1276 AAUUUAGUAAUAAAGCUCAUA
    3485 1277 UUGCAUCCCAGGAUUUCAUUG
    3486 1278 UCUUUCCAGCAGUGUACUCAU
    3487 1279 UACCAUCAGCAGGUCUACAAA
    3488 1280 UCAUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCC
    3489 1281 AUCCAUACAGGUCUCUGUGAC
    3490 1282 UAGCAAAUAUCUCUGCCCUGC
    3491 1283 UCAGGUGAUCCGCCUGCCUUG
    3492 1284 AGAGACUCAGGCUUAAACGUG
    3493 1285 UCUGUGAAGAUCUUAUCAUCA
    3494 1286 UUAUUAGAAAUAUACAUAACU
    3495 1287 AGCUUCUCUAAGAUCUCCUCA
    3496 1288 AACCACAGAACGAGUAUAGAU
    3497 1289 UCAGGAUUCUGGAGCUCUGGA
    3498 1290 UACAAAUAAAUUACAUAAUCU
    3499 1291 UCAUUAAUAAUUAAUUCCUUC
    3500 1292 UAAUUGUAACUAGCAAAUAUC
    3501 1293 UUAAGGCCUCUCUCUCUCAUU
    3502 1294 CAUUUCUCUCUGCAACUUGUA
    3503 1295 UCUAAAUAAUUAACAAUAUUA
    3504 1296 ACAACCUAUAAAUAGGCAGAA
    3505 1297 UUGGGCUGCGAUUCAGGCUUA
    3506 1298 AAGAGAAUAAACUGUUAACAA
    3507 1299 AUUUGUAUCAUAAGUAAAUGA
    3508 1300 UGCAACAUAAGAGACUCAGGC
    3509 1301 UUAGUGGGACUUGCCCUAUUG
    3510 1302 AUGGAACCAUACCAUCAGCAG
    3511 1303 CCAGUAGACAUCACUACCCUG
    3512 1304 UCCCAUUUAUUUCCUUCCCAG
    3513 1305 GAACUAAGCAUGAACACACCA
    3514 1306 CUUUAUUUGGUACUGCUGGUG
    3515 1307 AAUAAAUUACAUAAUCUGAGG
    3516 1308 UUCCAUUAUUUCCAAGUUCCC
    3517 1309 AUCAGCAAGAACGAAGUCAUU
    3518 1310 CUAACAACAUUAACGUUCUUU
    3519 1311 AACAGAACUAUAACUGAAUGC
    3520 1312 ACAAAUUAAUUUGUCAACAUU
    3521 1313 UCGUACACACAGGUGUGCACA
    3522 1314 GUUCACACAGUACUUGCUCUG
    3523 1315 ACACGUACACUAUAUAGUUUG
    3524 1316 AAAGACCCUAAGGAUCAUCUA
    3525 1317 UUACAGGCCCAGAUUCGUUUU
    3526 1318 CUCAAGUACAGUUAUAUUCUA
    3527 1319 UGGAAAGACCCUAAGGAUCAU
    3528 1320 AAAGGCAAUAUCUGCAACAGA
    3529 1321 CAUGAACACACCAUAUUCCGA
    3530 1322 ACUUAAAGGAGUGUGGAUCAG
    3531 1323 UUGCAGGCACUCUCUGCAGAC
    3532 1324 UGUUUGGAGUUCUAAUAGUGA
    3533 1325 UGACAUUUCUUGGGAUAUGAU
    3534 1326 UUCACUCUUAGCAGUCUCAGC
    3535 1327 UACAAAUGCUGAAUUUCAGUC
    3536 1328 AAAUAAUCUCUACUGUGCUUC
    3537 1329 AAGAAUAAAUACUUGAGUUAA
    3538 1330 UCACAGUUUCAGUUUCAGUGU
    3539 1331 ACUACUGCAAACAACCUAUAA
    3540 1332 AUUGGGAUGUAGCCUUCACUG
    3541 1333 AAGUAGCUUAGAUAAAGACCA
    3542 1334 AAUGAUGAUUAAUGUAUCUAU
    3543 1335 ACAGGAUUCUGUGAAGAUCUU
    3544 1336 UAGGUCCAAGUUUCAAACUGC
    3545 1337 AGCUUCUAAAGGAGACUCCGA
    3546 1338 AAUCACUGUGGGAGUUGUCAU
    3547 1339 UAAACUCUAGAAAGCCCAGCA
    3548 1340 UCAGGCUGGUCUCGAACUCCU
    3549 1341 AUGUCCAACAAGGAUUUCAGU
    3550 1342 UUUGGAGCUGUGGUUGAGUGC
    3551 1343 CAGGCUGGUCUCGAACUCCUG
    3552 1344 UGAAUCGUAUGCUCAAAGUCU
    3553 1345 UCACCGUUUGAGCUUUAUUUA
    3554 1346 AAUCGUGCCCAUUGCUCUGGA
    3555 1347 GAAUGUUUACUAUAUCACCUU
    3556 1348 UGUAUCAUAAGUAAAUGAUGA
    3557 1349 UAACAAUAUUAGGGUUCUUAU
    3558 1350 CUGAAUUUGCAAGGCAACCUA
    3559 1351 UUGUAAAGCAAUAUUAUAACA
    3560 1352 UACCCUCUUUCCAGCAGUGUA
    3561 1353 AACAAUAUUAGGGUUCUUAUU
    3562 1354 AAUUAAUUCCUUCUUGGGUUG
    3563 1355 UCAGAGACUGGGAGAUACUUG
    3564 1356 CAAGUUGUAUAGAAUACUCGU
    3565 1357 UUCUCUCUGCAACUUGUAAGU
    3566 1358 UCACAAUGCUUCUUAGCUUCU
    3567 1359 UGUCCAUAUGCAUUUCUUUUU
    3568 1360 AACAUAAGAGACUCAGGCUUA
    3569 1361 UUGAAAUUAGUGGGACUUGCC
    3570 1362 UCCUUCCCAGUCCACAUGCAA
    3571 1363 AAUAUUAAACACAUUCCCAAU
    3572 1364 UGUAUAGAAUACUCGUACACA
    3573 1365 CUGUUGAAGGUUCAUCUGCUU
    3574 1366 UAGGAGAAAUAUUCCAUUAUU
    3575 1367 CACACAUUGAACUUGAAUUUU
    3576 1368 GUUGUUACUAUUCAUCCUCAG
    3577 1369 ACAGAGUUGAAUGUUUACUAU
    3578 1370 UUCACCGUUUGAGCUUUAUUU
    3579 1371 CAAUGGAAUGUGCUUCACCGG
    3580 1372 UGUUGGUCAGGCUGGUCUCGA
    3581 1373 UGUCCUGUUGCAAUGUCUAGU
    3582 1374 CUUCUAUUGAAAUUAGUGGGA
    3583 1375 UAUAUUCUAGCAAGUGUGACA
    3584 1376 UAAAGGAGUGUGGAUCAGAAA
    3585 1377 UUGCUGAAACUCUAAAGAAAG
    3586 1378 UUUCUAAUACUUAUUAGAAAU
    3587 1379 UUUGCUUAACUGAAUAUUAAC
    3588 1380 UUCACGGUGGAAGUGACCACU
    3589 1381 AGGUCUCUGUGACCACAUCAG
    3590 1382 UGACAACGCACUGGAUCCUUG
    3591 1383 UCCUCUUCAUCUUCUUCUUCA
    3592 1384 AUACAGACAACAGGAAGCAAU
    3593 1385 GAUGUUAUGAGUAUAAUCCCA
    3594 1386 AUUUAUCCCACUACAUCUGAC
    3595 1387 AUAUAUGGAUGGUUAGAUGGA
    3596 1388 UAAGUAAAUGAUGAUUAAUGU
    3597 1389 AUUAUCUUUGUUUACUUAAUG
    3598 1390 CAGAACUAUAACUGAAUGCCA
    3599 1391 AAAGCAUAAGAGAGAAGCCAU
    3600 1392 AGAAGUUUCUAUUCAUUUGAA
    3601 1393 AAUUAUUUACACGAUCUUUGA
    3602 1394 UGCUGAGGUCAGAAGGAUGGA
    3603 1395 AAAUUAAUAUUACCGUUUCAU
    3604 1396 UCAUUGAAUUUCCCGGCACUA
    3605 1397 UUAUUUACACGAUCUUUGAGC
    3606 1398 UUGGAUGCUGAGGUCAGAAGG
    3607 1399 UUUAAUGAUUUCAAAGUCAGC
    3608 1400 AAGUUCAACCCAAUUAAGUGG
    3609 1401 AAAUGAGAUACAAUUCUGAUA
    3610 1402 GUAGCCUUCACUGACCUCCCA
    3611 1403 AGGAUGGAACCAUACCAUCAG
    3612 1404 AUCCUUGCUAACAACAUUAAC
    3613 1405 UUCAGGCUUACAAAUAAAUUA
    3614 1406 UCUUGUCCUGUUGCAAUGUCU
    3615 1407 ACAGACAACAGGAAGCAAUUU
    3616 1408 UUACAGAGUUGAAUGUUUACU
    3617 1409 AACAACAUUAACGUUCUUUCC
    3618 1410 AUCUGAGGUGACUACCUCAUU
    3619 1411 AAUCCCAGUAGACAUCACUAC
    3620 1412 AAGUAUUUCUGUAUUGAGAAU
    3621 1413 AUUAAUAUUACCGUUUCAUUU
    3622 1414 UAUCCUUUGGUUAGAUGGUCU
    3623 1415 AGAAGAAUAUUGUCACUCUUU
    3624 1416 CUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCCUCUU
    3625 1417 UCAUUAGAAAUAAACCCAUUG
    3626 1418 UUAUAGACAAAUAUCUCAAAC
    3627 1419 AACUGAAAGCAUAAGAGAGAA
    3628 1420 AUUUCAGUAUUCUACAUUUAU
    3629 1421 AUCAUUUAUAGACAAAUAUCU
    3630 1422 UCAUAACUUCUAUUGAAAUUA
    3631 1423 CAUAACUCUCCAAUACAGGGA
    3632 1424 AAAUAGGUGAUACAUAGGAAA
    3633 1425 AUCACAACUACUGCAAACAAC
    3634 1426 AUGAAUCGUAUGCUCAAAGUC
    3635 1427 UGGAGUUCUAAUAGUGACAUC
    3636 1428 UAUUUAUUGUAAAGCAAUAUU
    3637 1429 CAAAUGUGAAUCCUUCAGCAU
    3638 1430 AUUGCUCUGGAAUUCCAGUGA
    3639 1431 AUUUCUGGUUGUUGACUGUUU
    3640 1432 GUAUUUAUCCCACUACAUCUG
    3641 1433 UUCCCAGUCUUUGUCCAUAUG
    3642 1434 CUAAUAGUGACAUCUCCCUAG
    3643 1435 UGUUUAAAUGUGGUUUCUCCU
    3644 1436 UUCCUCUUGGGUACUAAAUCU
    3645 1437 AGCAGUGUACUCAUCAUACAA
    3646 1438 UCGUUAUCUCAGGGCACACUA
    3647 1439 CUCUACUGUGCUUCUCACCCU
    3648 1440 GUAACUAGCAAAUAUCUCUGC
    3649 1441 UGGUGAGUUAGAAGGAAGUUA
    3650 1442 CAAUGCUUCUUAGCUUCUCUA
    3651 1443 AUAAAUAAUUUGUAUCAUAAG
    3652 1444 AAGUUCUGUUUAGAUUCUUUU
    3653 1445 CAACGCACUGGAUCCUUGCUA
    3654 1446 UGAUUUCAAAGUCAGCUUUUA
    3655 1447 UAAAGCACACCACACACAAGC
    3656 1448 UUGCGGGUCCAUAAAGCACAC
    3657 1449 UUUGAGCUUUAUUUAGAUAUA
    3658 1450 AUGGAAUAAUUGUAACUAGCA
    3659 1451 UUGCUUAACUGAAUAUUAACU
    3660 1452 CACAGUUUCAGUUUCAGUGUG
    3661 1453 AUCGUGCCCAUUGCUCUGGAA
    3662 1454 UCACGGUGGAAGUGACCACUU
    3663 1455 CUAAAUCUGUUGAACAUGUUG
    3664 1456 AGCAAUUUAGUAAUAAAGCUC
    3665 1457 UGGGAUAUGAUUGUAAGUUAA
    3666 1458 UAGCAGGCUGAAUUUGCAAGG
    3667 1459 UACAGUGCAUAUGUUUCAUAA
    3668 1460 UUCAAAUCCCAGGCCCAUCAA
    3669 1461 UUCUCCCACCUCAGCCUCCCA
    3670 1462 UUAAAGGAGUGUGGAUCAGAA
    3671 1463 UAGAUAAAGACCAAGAGAUUC
    3672 1464 UCAACAUUGCUGCCCUGUUUG
    3673 1465 UCCAUAAAGCACACCACACAC
    3674 1466 UGCAACUCUAUUAGGGCAUGG
    3675 1467 AUGUUUACUAUAUCACCUUUC
    3676 1468 UGAAGGUUCAUCUGCUUUAUG
    3677 1469 UAGUUGUAAUCCCUGUUUAUG
    3678 1470 GAUCUUAUCAUCAAUAAUGAA
    3679 1471 AUGGAGAGGUUAAGUGACUUG
    3680 1472 UAUGGAAUAAUUGUAACUAGC
    3681 1473 AUGCAUGGGCUCUGCUAUCUU
    3682 1474 UCGAUUGUACCAAAUGUGAAU
    3683 1475 CAUAUCUGAGGUGACUACCUC
    3684 1476 AAGAACUAAGCAUGAACACAC
    3685 1477 UUUAUCCCACUACAUCUGACU
    3686 1478 AUUCCAUGACUACCCAUAGUU
    3687 1479 UAAACACAUUCCCAAUGCAUG
    3688 1480 AUUCAUUUGAAAGGUAAAGAA
    3689 1481 AUAGGAGAAAUAUUCCAUUAU
    3690 1482 UCUUAGCGGCUGCUGUUCUUA
    3691 1483 UAUGCUUCAAAUUAAUAUUAC
    3692 1484 UGGAUGGUUAGAUGGAUGGAU
    3693 1485 AAAGAACUAAGCAUGAACACA
    3694 1486 AAGGAGGUUUGAAUGCAAGAG
    3695 1487 UCUAUGGAUCACCUGGUUUGA
    3696 1488 AUGGAUGGUUAGAUGGAUGGA
    3697 1489 ACACACCAUAUUCCGAAACAG
    3698 1490 AUGGUUAGAUGGAUGGAUGUA
    3699 1491 AGAUACAAUUCUGAUAAACAA
    3700 1492 AGUAGCUAUCUAAAUAAUUAA
    3701 1493 UCCACAUGCAAAUACACGUUC
    3702 1494 AGUUACAGAAGAAUUUCACUA
    3703 1495 UUGAAUGCAAGAGGGACUACU
    3704 1496 CAGGAUUCUGUGAAGAUCUUA
    3705 1497 CUGAACACACAUAUUCCUCUC
    3706 1498 ACUCAAGACACAGUCAUGCAC
    3707 1499 AUUAUAACAAUAUCAAAUAAA
    3708 1500 UCUUUCAGGUAUUAAGGAGAU
    3709 1501 UCCCAUCUUUGUUUAAAUGUG
    3710 1502 AAUUGUAACUAGCAAAUAUCU
    3711 1503 AACUAAGCAGCAUAUCUGAGG
    3712 1504 AGAUGUAAGGAUCAGGUGGUU
    3713 1505 AAUUAGUGGGACUUGCCCUAU
    3714 1506 AGUUUGGAGUAAUCGUGCCCA
    3715 1507 CAAAUCUUGGUACAAAGUGGU
    3716 1508 ACUUUGCUCAGGAGUGAUCUG
    3717 1509 UCUUCAAAGUGAAUGCACAAA
    3718 1510 AUUAUUUCCAAGUUCCCAUUU
    3719 1511 UCAACAUUUCUCAAUGCUAAU
    3720 1512 AGGAGGUCAAGCCUCUCCCAA
    3721 1513 AGUAGACAUCACUACCCUGUG
    3722 1514 UGACAGGAUUUCACCGUUUGA
    3723 1515 UCUUCCUAGGCUAGUAUUUAU
    3724 1516 UCAACAUGUAAGGGAUGCUAA
    3725 1517 CAUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCCU
    3726 1518 UAAUAGUGACAUCUCCCUAGC
    3727 1519 GCUUAGAGAAACAACUUUCUG
    3728 1520 CAUCUAGAACAGCUUGUGGGU
    3729 1521 UCUUCAUCUUCUUCUUCAGAC
    3730 1522 AAAUGCUACAAGUUGUAUAGA
    3731 1523 UUUGGUUCCCAACAAAUUAAU
    3732 1524 UAUCAACUUUCGGACCAUAAG
    3733 1525 AAGCUUGCAGGCACUCUCUGC
    3734 1526 CUAUGUAUCCAUGUGCACUUU
    3735 1527 AUGGGAUAGCAUUUGCCUGAU
    3736 1528 UAAAGCCUAUGGAAUAAUUGU
    3737 1529 UAGCUGGGAUUACAGGCGCCC
    3738 1530 UCAGGAGUGAUCUGGGCACAG
    3739 1531 AGUGCUUCGUUUACUUUGCUC
    3740 1532 UCGUUUACUUUGCUCAGGAGU
    3741 1533 UCACUCUUAGCAGUCUCAGCC
    3742 1534 UAUGAGGAUUUCCUAGGUUCA
    3743 1535 UAAUUUGUAUCAUAAGUAAAU
    3744 1536 AUUAAUGUAUCUAUUUCCUCC
    3745 1537 ACACAACACUAUGAAGAGGGA
    3746 1538 AAAUGAAUUGGAAGGCUGCCA
    3747 1539 AAGUAGCUGGGAUUACAGGCG
    3748 1540 CAUCUAAUGACAAUGCAAGUG
    3749 1541 UCUAUGUUGGUCAGGCUGGUC
    3750 1542 CUGAGUUCACUUCAAAUCCCA
    3751 1543 UCAGAGAAAGUCCCAUCUUUG
    3752 1544 AUCCUCAGUGGAGGAGCCGGG
    3753 1545 AAGCAAUUUCGUGUUUCUUUU
    3754 1546 AUGAGAUACAAUUCUGAUAAA
    3755 1547 UACAUAAUCUGAGGGAGUAGG
    3756 1548 UCUUUGGUUCCCAACAAAUUA
    3757 1549 UGAAGAUCUUAUCAUCAAUAA
    3758 1550 AUAUUGUCACUCUUUAUAUCU
    3759 1551 UGGUUUACAGAUAACACAUUC
    3760 1552 UCUUCUUCUUCCUCUUCAUCU
    3761 1553 CUGUCGGACUGACAUUUCUUG
    3762 1554 CUCCUCAUUGUUAAUAUGCUG
    3763 1555 AAAGAAAUCUGAAUAACAUAA
    3764 1556 GACACAGUCACUAAUGUACUG
    3765 1557 UGGGUUCAAGCGAUUCUCCCA
    3766 1558 AACCAUACCAUCAGCAGGUCU
    3767 1559 GUAUAACAUAGUAUGCUUCAA
    3768 1560 AUACUUUAGGUCCAAGUUUCA
    3769 1561 ACAUGGUGACUGAUUUGAGGG
    3770 1562 UGUUUAGGUUCACUCUUAGCA
    3771 1563 AGAAGGAAGUUAUCCUUUGGU
    3772 1564 ACUAAUGAAUAGGGCUUCCUA
    3773 1565 UCCAUGACUACCCAUAGUUCA
    3774 1566 AAGGAAGAGAGAUCUCUGGGC
    3775 1567 UCUAAAGAAAGUGCUUUCAUU
    3776 1568 CUGAAUGUACAUAAGUUCUGU
    3777 1569 UGUACAAAGUACUGGAAUUGG
    3778 1570 GUGUACUCAUCAUACAACUGG
    3779 1571 UCCAGAAAGGCAAUAUCUGCA
    3780 1572 AAUAUGGUAUUUGCGGGUCCA
    3781 1573 AAUAGAUAUAUGGUGAAAUAG
    3782 1574 AUUUCCUUCCCAGUCCACAUG
    3783 1575 CAGACUUUACAUACAGACUGU
    3784 1576 CUUACUGCUGGUAUUAUGGGA
    3785 1577 UCAUAAGUAAAUGAUGAUUAA
    3786 1578 UCUGUCCUUCAUCCAUACAGG
    3787 1579 UGACUUGCCUAGCGUCACAUA
    3788 1580 CAUCUGACUCAUUCUCUACUA
    3789 1581 AUGAGGGAGAUGGUGAGGUGU
    3790 1582 GUACACUAUAUAGUUUGCUGA
    3791 1583 UUUCACUCUUGUUGCCGAGGC
    3792 1584 UACUGCAAACAACCUAUAAAU
    3793 1585 CAACUGAUUUCAAUUAUCUGU
    3794 1586 ACAUUGUUUAAUAUUAAACAC
    3795 1587 CAGUUAUACAGACAACAGGAA
    3796 1588 UUUGCAUCCCAGGAUUUCAUU
    3797 1589 UAUCAUUUAUAGACAAAUAUC
    3798 1590 UCCCACUACAUCUGACUCAUU
    3799 1591 UACAGGCCCAGAUUCGUUUUU
    3800 1592 UCUACUCUCAGAAGAUUCAGG
    3801 1593 AUUUCAGUCUUACUCAUGAGG
    3802 1594 GAAACUAAGCAGCAUAUCUGA
    3803 1595 AAGGAAGUUAUCCUUUGGUUA
    3804 1596 CUUCUUCAGACACAGGAGGGG
    3805 1597 UUAGCGGCUGCUGUUCUUAAU
    3806 1598 UUUCACUACACAUGGUUUACA
    3807 1599 UGGAACAUGGACACACAAAUA
    3808 1600 AUGUCACAGUUUCAGUUUCAG
    3809 1601 UUAAUCCAAAGUUACAGAAGA
    3810 1602 UCUCCCACCUCAGCCUCCCAA
    3811 1603 AAUAGGGCUUCCUAACCAGGU
    3812 1604 AGCACAUGGAGACCAUCCCAA
    3813 1605 UGCAACUUGUAAGUGUUUAGG
    3814 1606 AAGAGACUCAGGCUUAAACGU
    3815 1607 AAUAAAGCUCAUAUUAGACUC
    3816 1608 UAGCUAUCUAAAUAAUUAACA
    3817 1609 AUGCUGAACUGAAAGCAUAAG
    3818 1610 AUGAGUAUAAUCCCAGUAGAC
    3819 1611 ACUAAGCAUGAACACACCAUA
    3820 1612 AGUGCAGGAAAUCCAAAGCUU
    3821 1613 UGAUAUCUCAGUUCCCGCAUU
    3822 1614 AAUAUUAUAACAAUAUCAAAU
    3823 1615 AGUAAUAUCCUGUUGGACAAG
    3824 1616 AAUGCUGAAUUUCAGUCCUCU
    3825 1617 UCCUCAUUGUUAAUAUGCUGA
    3826 1618 UGCAAAGUAUAACAUAGUAUG
    3827 1619 CAGACAGCUGCUAUCUGUCCU
    3828 1620 AUAGUUCCCUUUCUGCUGUUU
    3829 1621 CAGGACACAGUCACUAAUGUA
    3830 1622 ACAUAACUCUCCAAUACAGGG
    3831 1623 UAUUCAUUUGGUCACUUAAAG
    3832 1624 UAUCUGCAACAGAUGUUAUCA
    3833 1625 AGAAAUAUUCCAUUAUUUCCA
    3834 1626 UGAGGUGUAAGGCUUGCAGUC
    3835 1627 UGCCCUAUUCCUAACUCAGGA
    3836 1628 UUUCCAGCAGUGUACUCAUCA
    3837 1629 AAAGAAAGUGCUUUCAUUUUA
    3838 1630 AUCUAAUGACAAUGCAAGUGA
    3839 1631 AACUAAUGAAUAGGGCUUCCU
    3840 1632 CCUUCUAUAACACAAAUUGUU
    3841 1633 UCCAUCUCAAGACAGCGAUUU
    3842 1634 AUAUUCCAUUAUUUCCAAGUU
    3843 1635 UCACAUUGGGUAAGGAGUUUU
    3844 1636 ACCAUAAAUACCUUUAAUCCA
    3845 1637 GUGAUCUGGGCACAGAACCCA
    3846 1638 AAAGUGCUGGGAUUACAGGUA
    3847 1639 AAGAAAUCUGAAUAACAUAAA
    3848 1640 AUUGAUUGGGAUGUAGCCUUC
    3849 1641 ACUCGUACACACAGGUGUGCA
    3850 1642 AUGUGGUUUCUCCUAUGAGGA
    3851 1643 UACAUACAGACUGUAUGGAAA
    3852 1644 UAUUUCCUUCCCAGUCCACAU
    3853 1645 AACUGUCAGUUUACAAAUGCU
    3854 1646 AGGUGUAAGGCUUGCAGUCUU
    3855 1647 GACACAGUCAUGCACAAUCCA
    3856 1648 AGGAGAUUAACAACCUGGUUU
    3857 1649 AGAAACAACUUUCUGUAAUUU
    3858 1650 UGCUGUAGGCAGGGCAUUGGG
    3859 1651 UGUGCCCUCGUUAUCUCAGGG
    3860 1652 ACAUAGUUGUAAUCCCUGUUU
    3861 1653 UCAGCAAGAACGAAGUCAUUA
    3862 1654 AGACAUUUAUGAAUAUGCUUU
    3863 1655 UCCAACAAGGAUUUCAGUAUU
    3864 1656 AGCAAUUUCGUGUUUCUUUUU
    3865 1657 UUCCAUCUUUCCUGCAGCAGA
    3866 1658 AAUUUCAAGACAUUUAUGAAU
    3867 1659 UUCUAAUACUUAUUAGAAAUA
    3868 1660 CUUCUUCCUCUUCAUCUUCUU
    3869 1661 UCACUACACAUGGUUUACAGA
    3870 1662 UCAACCUGAGAGUCUGUUAAA
    3871 1663 UUCCAUGACUACCCAUAGUUC
    3872 1664 UGGAUGCUGAGGUCAGAAGGA
    3873 1665 ACACAGUACUUGCUCUGGUAU
    3874 1666 UUAUCAAAUCUUGGUACAAAG
    3875 1667 AUAAAUAGAUAUAUGGUGAAA
    3876 1668 CUUCUUCUUCCUCUUCAUCUU
    3877 1669 UGCUUCAAAUUAAUAUUACCG
    3878 1670 AUAUACAUAACUCUCCAAUAC
    3879 1671 UAAUUCCACCACCCUAACACA
    3880 1672 AAGGCAAUAUCUGCAACAGAU
    3881 1673 UGUUUAAUGAUUUCAAAGUCA
    3882 1674 UGAUGUAAAGCUCAUGUAUUU
    3883 1675 AUACCAUCAGCAGGUCUACAA
    3884 1676 UGACACACACACGAGAUCAGC
    3885 1677 CUUCUUUCUAAUACUUAUUAG
    3886 1678 AAUUUGAGAACAUCUAGAACA
    3887 1679 AGCAGGAUGUCACAGUUUCAG
    3888 1680 CACGAGAUCAGCAAGAACGAA
    3889 1681 UCUUGUUCAGAGCUCAGAGAC
    3890 1682 UUCUCACCCUUCCCUGACUUU
    3891 1683 CUGAAUAUUAACUGCAAGUAG
    3892 1684 AAUGUACAUAAGUUCUGUUUA
    3893 1685 UACUUUGCUCAGGAGUGAUCU
    3894 1686 UGGGCGCUCUUUCUCCUUCUU
    3895 1687 UCCCAGUUUACCCUCUUUCCA
    3896 1688 CACAACUACUGCAAACAACCU
    3897 1689 UGCAGUCUUAGCGGCUGCUGU
    3898 1690 ACUGAAUAUUAACUGCAAGUA
    3899 1691 UCACUUCAAAUCCCAGGCCCA
    3900 1692 AGGGAUAGAUGUAAGGAUCAG
    3901 1693 UUGGAGUAAUCGUGCCCAUUG
    3902 1694 UCUGAAUAACAUAAAGAAUAA
    3903 1695 UGAGCAAAGGAAUAUAAUUAU
    3904 1696 UGAGGUGACUACCUCAUUAUU
    3905 1697 AGAGACAGUCCUACAUAUUUG
    3906 1698 UUUCUCCUAUGAGGAUUUCCU
    3907 1699 UGUUCAGAGCUCAGAGACUGG
    3908 1700 UGUAUAAACAGUACCUGAUGC
    3909 1701 UGUUAUGAGUAUAAUCCCAGU
    3910 1702 UGACUACCCAUAGUUCAUCAC
    3911 1703 UCUCAGCUCACCACAACCUCC
    3912 1704 UUUAGGUCCAAGUUUCAAACU
    3913 1705 AGAGAAAGUCCCAUCUUUGUU
    3914 1706 AAAGUUACAGAAGAAUUUCAC
    3915 1707 UCCUCAGUGGAGGAGCCGGGG
    3916 1708 AUAAAGCUCAUAUUAGACUCC
    3917 1709 UAUCAAAUCUUGGUACAAAGU
    3918 1710 UUAUUAAAGUUCUCACCUAAA
    3919 1711 UCAGUCCUCUUGUUCAGAGCU
    3920 1712 UCACCUGGUUUGAGUGCAGGA
    3921 1713 CAUCUUCUUCUUCAGACACAG
    3922 1714 UUCCCUGACUUUCCCACUGCC
    3923 1715 GAAUCGUAUGCUCAAAGUCUG
    3924 1716 UCAAGCGAUUCUCCCACCUCA
    3925 1717 ACAGUCACUAAUGUACUGAUU
    3926 1718 UAACCAACAGAAAGAUUAUAU
    3927 1719 GUUCACUCUUAGCAGUCUCAG
    3928 1720 AACAUAGUAUGCUUCAAAUUA
    3929 1721 AAGCCUUCUAUAACACAAAUU
    3930 1722 AUGUUGGGUUAUAUUCAUUUG
    3931 1723 AAAGGAGAAGCUCAAGUACAG
    3932 1724 CUUCUUCUUCAGACACAGGAG
    3933 1725 CUUCCUCUUCAUCUUCUUCUU
    3934 1726 AACAGAAAUAGGUGAUACAUA
    3935 1727 UCACAGGAAAGGAGAAGCUCA
    3936 1728 UAACUAAUGAAUAGGGCUUCC
    3937 1729 AUCCUUUGGUUAGAUGGUCUC
    3938 1730 UCCCAUUUCUUACAGAGUUGA
    3939 1731 AGUGGUAGUAAAGAAGUACCU
    3940 1732 AUUUCAGUCCUCUUGUUCAGA
    3941 1733 UGGGAUGUAGCCUUCACUGAC
    3942 1734 AUACCUUUGCUUAACUGAAUA
    3943 1735 CACUCUUAGCAGUCUCAGCCA
    3944 1736 CUUCAUUAUCCAGACCGUCAG
    3945 1737 AUAUUAAACACAUUCCCAAUG
    3946 1738 ACUCUUGUUGCCGAGGCUGGA
    3947 1739 GACUCAUUCUCUACUAUCGCU
    3948 1740 CUAUGGAAUAAUUGUAACUAG
    3949 1741 UCGUAUGCUCAAAGUCUGAAG
    3950 1742 AUCUUUCCUGCAGCAGAGUUU
    3951 1743 AUGCAAGAGGGACUACUCUCU
    3952 1744 CUUCUUCUUCUUCCUCUUCAU
    3953 1745 UAAUAAAGCUCAUAUUAGACU
    3954 1746 UGAGAAUUAAACUCUAGAAAG
    3955 1747 AAGAGGGAGUGUGCAUCUUUG
    3956 1748 AUGAUUAAUGUAUCUAUUUCC
    3957 1749 UAUUUGCGGGUCCAUAAAGCA
    3958 1750 AACUUGUAAGUGUUUAGGUUC
    3959 1751 UUGUAAGUGUUUAGGUUCACU
    3960 1752 CUCUUGGGUACUAAAUCUGUU
    3961 1753 GUUAAGUGACUUGCCUAGCGU
    3962 1754 AAGGAGAAGCUCAAGUACAGU
    3963 1755 AUACAAUUCUGAUAAACAAUG
    3964 1756 AAAGCACACCACACACAAGCA
    3965 1757 ACCACUUUAUGGUCACUUCAA
    3966 1758 AGUCUCCUAAGAAAGCGUGUG
    3967 1759 AAGUGCUGGGAUUACAGGUAU
    3968 1760 CAGUCAAUUUAACAGAGCCAU
    3969 1761 UAUCCACAUCCAUCUCAAGAC
    3970 1762 AGUCAUAUAAGGAAUUCUGUC
    3971 1763 ACAAGCCUGAAAGAAAUCUGA
    3972 1764 ACAUAUUCCUCUCCACUUUUG
    3973 1765 ACUGCUGGUGAAGCAAUGGAU
    3974 1766 GUGUCUAUAGUUCCCUUUCUG
    3975 1767 UUCUUGGGAUAUGAUUGUAAG
    3976 1768 ACUAAGCAGCAUAUCUGAGGU
    3977 1769 AAUGCAAGAGGGACUACUCUC
    3978 1770 UUCUUUCAUAGGAGAAAUAUU
    3979 1771 GACAACAGGAAGCAAUUUCGU
    3980 1772 UUUCAGUAUUCUACAUUUAUC
    3981 1773 UUUGCAAGGCAACCUAUAAUG
    3982 1774 UCAGGCUUAAACGUGAUAUUU
    3983 1775 GUAAUCGUGCCCAUUGCUCUG
    3984 1776 AGUUAUACAGACAACAGGAAG
    3985 1777 ACAGAACCCAAAGUCAGUCAA
    3986 1778 GAAACUCUAAAGAAAGUGCUU
    3987 1779 UCCUGUACAAAGUACUGGAAU
    3988 1780 UCAUAGAAUUUGAGAACAUCU
    3989 1781 AUUAUCAAAUCUUGGUACAAA
    3990 1782 UUACAAAUAAAUUACAUAAUC
    3991 1783 UGAAUAUGGUAUUUGCGGGUC
    3992 1784 ACUUAUUAGAAAUAUACAUAA
    3993 1785 CAUUUAUAGACAAAUAUCUCA
    3994 1786 AAUAUUGUCACUCUUUAUAUC
    3995 1787 UGGACUUCCACAUGUUCACAC
    3996 1788 ACAUAAAGAAUAAAUACUUGA
    3997 1789 AGCUAUCUAAAUAAUUAACAA
    3998 1790 ACAAAUAUUUACAAUGACACA
    3999 1791 GUUGUUGACUGUUUCUUUGGA
    4000 1792 AGGCUGGUCUCGAACUCCUGA
    4001 1793 CUGUUGCAAUGUCUAGUGCUG
    4002 1794 UUGCUUCAACCACAAUUUAAA
    4003 1795 AUUCACAUAAUUCCACCACCC
    4004 1796 UUGGGACCAUCCACUAACUCC
    4005 1797 UCCUCUUGUUCAGAGCUCAGA
    4006 1798 AGACGAAGUUUCACUCUUGUU
    4007 1799 CAAUACUUUAGGUCCAAGUUU
    4008 1800 UGCUCAGGAGUGAUCUGGGCA
    4009 1801 CAAGAGACCAGAUAUCAACUU
    4010 1802 CUGUCCUUCAUCCAUACAGGU
    4011 1803 UAAUACUUAUUAGAAAUAUAC
    4012 1804 UAAUUCCAAGAGACCAGAUAU
    4013 1805 UUUCCUUCCCAGUCCACAUGC
    4014 1806 UAAUCUGAGGGAGUAGGAAAA
    4015 1807 UUGGGUUGCUGUUGAAGGUUC
    4016 1808 AGAUAUAUGGUGAAAUAGUAG
    4017 1809 AGGAUUUCAGUAUUCUACAUU
    4018 1810 CAAUAUUAUAACAAUAUCAAA
    4019 1811 GUUUAGGUUCACUCUUAGCAG
    4020 1812 UCUAGAACAGCUUGUGGGUUC
    4021 1813 UAUAAGGAAUUCUGUCGGACU
    4022 1814 AUGGAGGUGAUAUCUCAGUUC
    4023 1815 ACUAUGAAGAGGGAGUGUGCA
    4024 1816 UGUGGUUGAGUGCUGAAGAAU
    4025 1817 AAACACAUUCCCAAUGCAUGU
    4026 1818 UAUCUUUGGUUCCCAACAAAU
    4027 1819 AAGCCUAUGGAAUAAUUGUAA
    4028 1820 AAUGACACACACACGAGAUCA
    4029 1821 CUUCCAUCUUUCCUGCAGCAG
    4030 1822 AUAAAUACUUGAGUUAAAUCU
    4031 1823 UCCUUCUUCCUAGGCUAGUAU
    4032 1824 UCAUUAUCCAGACCGUCAGAC
    4033 1825 UGGGAUAGCAUUUGCCUGAUG
    4034 1826 UCCUUUGCAGCGAUAAUCAGA
    4035 1827 UUUAUAUCUCUAUGGAUCACC
    4036 1828 GAAGUUUCACUCUUGUUGCCG
    4037 1829 CAUCUUUGUUUAAAUGUGGUU
    4038 1830 ACACUAUGAAGAGGGAGUGUG
    4039 1831 AUGCACAAUCCAUAUUUCAAU
    4040 1832 CUGUUCUUAAUUGCUUCCUUU
    4041 1833 CUUUGCUCAGGAGUGAUCUGG
    4042 1834 UACAGGAUUCUGUGAAGAUCU
    4043 1835 AAAUACCUUUAAUCCAAAGUU
    4044 1836 AGCUCAUAUUAGACUCCGGGG
    4045 1837 AACUGCAAGUAGCUUAGAUAA
    4046 1838 AACAACUUUCUGUAAUUUACA
    4047 1839 UAACAACAUUAACGUUCUUUC
    4048 1840 CAUGGUGACUGAUUUGAGGGG
    4049 1841 UUUGCGGGUCCAUAAAGCACA
    4050 1842 AGUGCUGUAUAAACAGUACCU
    4051 1843 UGAAGGAGGUUUGAAUGCAAG
    4052 1844 UUGCUUCCUUUGCAGCGAUAA
    4053 1845 UCUCUACUAUCGCUGUUGAUU
    4054 1846 AUAGGUGAUACAUAGGAAAAA
    4055 1847 AUUCAACCUGAGAGUCUGUUA
    4056 1848 AUUCUGUCGGACUGACAUUUC
    4057 1849 GUAGACAUCACUACCCUGUGA
    4058 1850 AGAUGGUCUCCCUUGCUCUUU
    4059 1851 UCCCACCAUAGUGCUUCGUUU
    4060 1852 UGUACCAAAUGUGAAUCCUUC
    4061 1853 UGGUAUUAUGGGAUAGCAUUU
    4062 1854 AAUAUUAGGGUUCUUAUUUUC
    4063 1855 UCAGGCUGGAGAGAGGCUUGG
    4064 1856 GUAGCUACAGGAUUCUGUGAA
    4065 1857 UCUCCUAAGAAAGCGUGUGCC
    4066 1858 CACUCUUUAUAUCUCUAUGGA
    4067 1859 ACAACCUCCGCCUCCUGGGUU
    4068 1860 UGACCUCCCAUUUCUUACAGA
    4069 1861 ACAACGCACUGGAUCCUUGCU
    4070 1862 UAUGGUAUUUGCGGGUCCAUA
    4071 1863 CUUGGUGCGAUAACUGGUGGU
    4072 1864 CUCUUCAUUAUCCAGACCGUC
    4073 1865 CUCCUCAUCUGUCAUCUUGGA
    4074 1866 UCUUUCCUGCAGCAGAGUUUU
    4075 1867 UAUCAUCAAUAAUGAAUAUGG
    4076 1868 ACACUAGCAACAUCAAAGAUU
    4077 1869 CACACAGUACUUGCUCUGGUA
    4078 1870 AUUCCUAACUCAGGACAUUUU
    4079 1871 UCCUGACCUCAGGUGAUCCGC
    4080 1872 UCAACCACAGAACGAGUAUAG
    4081 1873 ACAAACACAACACUAUGAAGA
    4082 1874 AGAUUCAGUUAGACAUUGUUU
    4083 1875 UCCACUGGAGAGAAUUUCAAG
    4084 1876 ACUAACUCCCAGUUUACCCUC
    4085 1877 CACACAGGUGUGCACAUGGAG
    4086 1878 CCAGACUUUACAUACAGACUG
    4087 1879 AUCACCUGGUUUGAGUGCAGG
    4088 1880 AAAGACCAAGAGAUUCAACCG
    4089 1881 CUGCAGACAGCUGCUAUCUGU
    4090 1882 AUUUCCUCCUGGUAUGCCUAU
    4091 1883 AUGUUUCAUAAGCACAAGAGA
    4092 1884 UUCCCAAUGCAUGUUGGGUUA
    4093 1885 ACAUGGACACACAAAUAUUUA
    4094 1886 GAACACACAUAUUCCUCUCCA
    4095 1887 UCUUUGAGCUGAGAAAUAUCA
    4096 1888 AGAAGAAUUUCACUACACAUG
    4097 1889 UAUCCUGUUGGACAAGAAAAU
    4098 1890 AGGAAGAGAGAUCUCUGGGCG
    4099 1891 CAGCUGACAGUCUCUCAGGAU
    4100 1892 CCUAAGGAUCAUCUAGUCCAA
    4101 1893 UGUUAAUAUGCUGAACUGAAA
    4102 1894 UCACCCACCAAGUAGCUAUCU
    4103 1895 UCCCAGUAGACAUCACUACCC
    4104 1896 AUAAGAAGUUUCUAUUCAUUU
    4105 1897 ACAGAACGAGUAUAGAUUGAU
    4106 1898 AUGGGCUCUGCUAUCUUGUGC
    4107 1899 CUAAGGAUCAUCUAGUCCAAU
    4108 1900 UAUUUCCAAGUUCCCAUUUAU
    4109 1901 AUCCAGACCGUCAGACAUUUU
    4110 1902 CAUCCAUCUCAAGACAGCGAU
    4111 1903 AUUUGCAUCCCAGGAUUUCAU
    4112 1904 AUCAAUAAUGAAUAUGGUAUU
    4113 1905 UUCAUUUGAAAGGUAAAGAAC
    4114 1906 AUCAGAGGAGUCAGGCUGGAG
    4115 1907 AUGGUCUCCCUUGCUCUUUAA
    4116 1908 UGGUGCGAUAACUGGUGGUGG
    4117 1909 ACAAUGCUUCUUAGCUUCUCU
    4118 1910 AAGCAUGAACACACCAUAUUC
    4119 1911 UAAGGCCUCUCUCUCUCAUUA
    4120 1912 UGCAAGGCAACCUAUAAUGCC
    4121 1913 UUCAUUGAAUUUCCCGGCACU
    4122 1914 AGGCUUGCAGUCUUAGCGGCU
    4123 1915 AGGAAUAUAAUUAUUUACACG
    4124 1916 AUUCAACCACAGAACGAGUAU
    4125 1917 ACAGCUUGUGGGUUCUUCUUC
    4126 1918 CUGCUAUCUGUCCUUCAUCCA
    4127 1919 CUGAACAUAAACACGUACACU
    4128 1920 AAUUCCUUCUUGGGUUGCUGU
    4129 1921 UGAACACACCAUAUUCCGAAA
    4130 1922 AAGUCAUAACUUCUAUUGAAA
    4131 1923 AUCAACAUUGAAAGAUGUGCC
    4132 1924 AUCAUAGAAUUUGAGAACAUC
    4133 1925 GAACAUAAACACGUACACUAU
    4134 1926 UACUGCUGGUAUUAUGGGAUA
    4135 1927 UGGUGAGGUGUAAGGCUUGCA
    4136 1928 GAAUAUAAUUAUUUACACGAU
    4137 1929 AUAGCAGGCUGAAUUUGCAAG
    4138 1930 GUCGGACUGACAUUUCUUGGG
    4139 1931 CUUGAGAAUUAAACUCUAGAA
    4140 1932 AGAUGGUGAGGUGUAAGGCUU
    4141 1933 AUAACAUAAAGAAUAAAUACU
    4142 1934 CACAUGGAGGUGAUAUCUCAG
    4143 1935 CCAUAGUUCAUCACCCACCAA
    4144 1936 AAGAUGUGGAUAUAUGGAUGG
    4145 1937 UUAGAAAUAAACCCAUUGAGC
    4146 1938 CAGUCUCUCAGGAUUCUGGAG
    4147 1939 CAUAGUGCUUCGUUUACUUUG
    4148 1940 ACACUAUAUAGUUUGCUGAAA
    4149 1941 UUUCAGGUAUUAAGGAGAUUA
    4150 1942 AAUGAGAUACAAUUCUGAUAA
    4151 1943 GUGACUUCUCUAGGUAUAGGG
    4152 1944 CUGGUCUCGAACUCCUGACCU
    4153 1945 AGUUCUGUUUAGAUUCUUUUA
    4154 1946 UGCACAUGGAGGUGAUAUCUC
    4155 1947 UGCUUCUUAGCUUCUCUAAGA
    4156 1948 UUCAGGUAUUAAGGAGAUUAA
    4157 1949 UCUCCCUAGCUUUAACUUAUA
    4158 1950 AUUCUACAUUUAUCUGGUUUU
    4159 1951 GUCCACAUGCAAAUACACGUU
    4160 1952 AACAUUUCUCAAUGCUAAUAG
    4161 1953 AUCCACAUCCAUCUCAAGACA
    4162 1954 UGAUUUCCUCUUGGGUACUAA
    4163 1955 AUAAUCCCAGUAGACAUCACU
    4164 1956 AUAUGUUUCAUAAGCACAAGA
    4165 1957 AGUGUUUAGGUUCACUCUUAG
    4166 1958 UAUUAAACACAUUCCCAAUGC
    4167 1959 GAUUAUGACAACGCACUGGAU
    4168 1960 UCUGGACAUCUAAUGACAAUG
    4169 1961 CUAUAACACAAAUUGUUAGUU
    4170 1962 UGGAGCUCUGGAGUUCCAUUA
    4171 1963 UGAACUCACCUAGCAGGAUGU
    4172 1964 AUGGACUUCCACAUGUUCACA
    4173 1965 UGCCUACAGUGAUCUGAAGGG
    4174 1966 UGUACAUAAGUUCUGUUUAGA
    4175 1967 AAAUAUUUACAAUGACACACA
    4176 1968 AGCAAUAUUAUAACAAUAUCA
    4177 1969 CACUACAUCUGACUCAUUCUC
    4178 1970 UUCAAAGUGAAUGCACAAAAU
    4179 1971 UCUAUUGAAAUUAGUGGGACU
    4180 1972 ACAUCUCCCUAGCUUUAACUU
    4181 1973 AUUAAUUUAGGUAUCAUUAUC
    4182 1974 CUCUCUCUCUCAUUAGAGCAG
    4183 1975 UCAGUUCCCGCAUUUGCAGAU
    4184 1976 UGCAAUGUCUAGUGCUGUAUA
    4185 1977 CUUUGAGCUGAGAAAUAUCAU
    4186 1978 AAUAAAUAAUCUCUACUGUGC
    4187 1979 AGUAGCUGGGAUUACAGGCGC
    4188 1980 AAUGUCCAACAAGGAUUUCAG
    4189 1981 AUUUCUUUGGUGAGUUAGAAG
    4190 1982 UCUUUAUAUCUCUAUGGAUCA
    4191 1983 UAUUUGCAAUACUUUAGGUCC
    4192 1984 AGAUACAAUGCCCUGAGUGGA
    4193 1985 AUUUGCGGGUCCAUAAAGCAC
    4194 1986 CAAAUAAAUUACAUAAUCUGA
    4195 1987 UUGCAAGGCAACCUAUAAUGC
    4196 1988 CUGUGAAGAUCUUAUCAUCAA
    4197 1989 UCCCUUUCUGCUGUUUAUUUA
    4198 1990 AGAGACUGGGAGAUACUUGCA
    4199 1991 UGGGCUGCUAUGUAUCCAUGU
    4200 1992 UCAUGUAUUUCUGGUUGUUGA
    4201 1993 AAGUGACUUGCCUAGCGUCAC
    4202 1994 GAAAGCAUAAGAGAGAAGCCA
    4203 1995 GAAAUUAGUGGGACUUGCCCU
    4204 1996 GAGAGGUUAAGUGACUUGCCU
    4205 1997 CUAAUAGCAUGUAAUUACUUU
    4206 1998 UCUUGGGAUAUGAUUGUAAGU
    4207 1999 UGUCUAUAGUUCCCUUUCUGC
    4208 2000 UCAAACUGUCAGUUUACAAAU
    4209 2001 AUAAUUCCAAGAGACCAGAUA
    4210 2002 AGGUUCACUCUUAGCAGUCUC
    4211 2003 CUACCCAUAGUUCAUCACCCA
    4212 2004 CUUGGGUUGCUGUUGAAGGUU
    4213 2005 GACCAGAUAUCAACUUUCGGA
    4214 2006 AAUAAUCUCUACUGUGCUUCU
    4215 2007 GUUACAACUAAUUUCACAGCU
    4216 2008 GUCACUUCAACAUUGCUGCCC
    4217 2009 CUCAUUCUCUACUAUCGCUGU
    4218 2010 AGUGACAUCUCCCUAGCUUUA
    4219 2011 UUUGGUGAGUUAGAAGGAAGU
    4220 2012 CUUUAUUUAGAUAUACAGUUU
    4221 2013 UACUGUGCUUCUCACCCUUCC
    4222 2014 UAAGGAUCAUCUAGUCCAAUA
    4223 2015 CAUUCUCUACUAUCGCUGUUG
    4224 2016 UGCAGACAGCUGCUAUCUGUC
    4225 2017 CAUCACUACCCUGUGAUCUGG
    4226 2018 CUCUUUAUUUGGUACUGCUGG
    4227 2019 ACAUUCCCAAUGCAUGUUGGG
    4228 2020 UGCUGGGAUUACAGGUAUGAG
    4229 2021 ACAUGGUUUACAGAUAACACA
    4230 2022 UUAAUAUGCUGAACUGAAAGC
    4231 2023 GUACUAAAUCUGUUGAACAUG
    4232 2024 AAGGAAUUCUGUCGGACUGAC
    4233 2025 ACAGCUGCUAUCUGUCCUUCA
    4234 2026 GUCAUCAGAAAUGCUAUCUUU
    4235 2027 CUGGUUUACUCAAUUAUCUUU
    4236 2028 AAAUUAAUUUGUCAACAUUUC
    4237 2029 ACAUAGUAUGCUUCAAAUUAA
    4238 2030 CAUUGUUAAUAUGCUGAACUG
    4239 2031 AUGGAGGCUCAGAUGCUGUUU
    4240 2032 CAAAGUGGUAGUAAAGAAGUA
    4241 2033 UUUCCUCCUGGUAUGCCUAUU
    4242 2034 AACUCUAGAAAGCCCAGCACU
    4243 2035 UCACCACAACCUCCGCCUCCU
    4244 2036 AUUUAACUGCAACAUAAGAGA
    4245 2037 UUAUUUCCUUCCCAGUCCACA
    4246 2038 GUGAUCUGAAGGGUCACUGCU
    4247 2039 UCACUAUAGCAGGCUGAAUUU
    4248 2040 AUGUAUUUCUGGUUGUUGACU
    4249 2041 AAUACUUUAGGUCCAAGUUUC
    4250 2042 CUAAGCAUGAACACACCAUAU
    4251 2043 AUGGAUCACCUGGUUUGAGUG
    4252 2044 UUUGUUUAAUGAUUUCAAAGU
    4253 2045 AUCUCUACUGUGCUUCUCACC
    4254 2046 AAGAUCUCCUCAUCUGUCAUC
    4255 2047 CAAACAACCUAUAAAUAGGCA
    4256 2048 AUUAUGACAACGCACUGGAUC
    4257 2049 ACAUGUAAGGGAUGCUAACUA
    4258 2050 GAAAUAUUCCAUUAUUUCCAA
    4259 2051 AUUCUUUCAUAGGAGAAAUAU
    4260 2052 CCAGUCUUUGUCCAUAUGCAU
    4261 2053 UCUGACUCAUUCUCUACUAUC
    4262 2054 AACAUCAAAGAUUUGGAUAGA
    4263 2055 CACAAUGCUUCUUAGCUUCUC
    4264 2056 CAGAUAUCAACUUUCGGACCA
    4265 2057 AUAUCUGCAACAGAUGUUAUC
    4266 2058 AGGCCUAUGUAACUGAUCUCU
    4267 2059 UCCUUUGGUUAGAUGGUCUCC
    4268 2060 AAUCCCAGGCCCAUCAAACUG
    4269 2061 UCCAAAGUUACAGAAGAAUUU
    4270 2062 AGAGAAUAAACUGUUAACAAU
    4271 2063 UAGUUCCCUUUCUGCUGUUUA
    4272 2064 AUGAUCUCAGCUCACCACAAC
    4273 2065 UGAGAAAUAUCAUUUAUAGAC
    4274 2066 ACUUUAUGGUCACUUCAACAU
    4275 2067 AUGUAUCCAUGUGCACUUUUA
    4276 2068 AUUGCUUCCUUUGCAGCGAUA
    4277 2069 AGUAUUUCUGUAUUGAGAAUG
    4278 2070 CAUAAAGCACACCACACACAA
    4279 2071 UGGUCACUUCAACAUUGCUGC
    4280 2072 CUUGUGGGUUCUUCUUCUGUU
    4281 2073 AUCUCCCUAGCUUUAACUUAU
    4282 2074 UUGCCGAGGCUGGAGUGCAAU
    4283 2075 AGUAUAACAUAGUAUGCUUCA
    4284 2076 AGGGACUACUCUCUAACUUAA
    4285 2077 AGAACGAGUAUAGAUUGAUUU
    4286 2078 AAUAUAAUUAUUUACACGAUC
    4287 2079 UUGGUUCCCAACAAAUUAAUU
    4288 2080 AAGGCCUCUCUCUCUCAUUAG
    4289 2081 GAUAGAUGUAAGGAUCAGGUG
    4290 2082 AUCCAUCUCAAGACAGCGAUU
    4291 2083 AUCUGAAUAACAUAAAGAAUA
    4292 2084 UGUUUAAUAUUAAACACAUUC
    4293 2085 CUUCUAUAACACAAAUUGUUA
    4294 2086 AAUAACAUAAAGAAUAAAUAC
    4295 2087 CAAUGCAUUAGUAGCUACAGG
    4296 2088 AAGCCUGAAAGAAAUCUGAAU
    4297 2089 UGAAGGGUCACUGCUCCAAGG
    4298 2090 UAUAGACAAAUAUCUCAAACU
    4299 2091 GUUGAGUGCUGAAGAAUCCCG
    4300 2092 ACCAAGAGAUUCAACCGGGGA
    4301 2093 CUUUAUAUCUCUAUGGAUCAC
    4302 2094 AUAAAUACCUUUAAUCCAAAG
    4303 2095 AAAGUGGUAGUAAAGAAGUAC
    4304 2096 AAGGAAUAUAAUUAUUUACAC
    4305 2097 AGGCUUACAAAUAAAUUACAU
    4306 2098 UCUCAACAUGUAAGGGAUGCU
    4307 2099 GAUUAAUGUAUCUAUUUCCUC
    4308 2100 ACCUGAACUCACCUAGCAGGA
    4309 2101 AGUAAAUGCUACAAGUUGUAU
    4310 2102 AGUUGUAUAGAAUACUCGUAC
    4311 2103 UCAUAAGCACAAGAGAGGAUU
    4312 2104 UGCUAUGUAUCCAUGUGCACU
    4313 2105 CAGAAGAAUUUCACUACACAU
    4314 2106 AUAUCUCUGCCCUGCAUGCUC
    4315 2107 ACCUUUAAUCCAAAGUUACAG
    4316 2108 AUCCUCAUGGGAUUAUGACAA
    4317 2109 AAUUUGUAUCAUAAGUAAAUG
    4318 2110 AGUCACUAAUGUACUGAUUUU
    4319 2111 UCAAAUUAAUAUUACCGUUUC
    4320 2112 GAUUUGGAUAGACUCACCUGU
    4321 2113 UUGUUGCCGAGGCUGGAGUGC
    4322 2114 CUACACAGACACUCCGCAGAU
    4323 2115 AAAUCCAAAGCUUGCAGGCAC
    4324 2116 AUAUCUCAGUUCCCGCAUUUG
    4325 2117 AGUCUUUGUCCAUAUGCAUUU
    4326 2118 AUUAAUUCCUUCUUGGGUUGC
    4327 2119 UGUGGAUAUAUGGAUGGUUAG
    4328 2120 UUGUUUAAAUGUGGUUUCUCC
    4329 2121 AGACACUCCGCAGAUAUUUUU
    4330 2122 UGUGAAUCCUUCAGCAUCACU
    4331 2123 CAUCUAGUCCAAUACACUUAU
    4332 2124 CUCGAUUGUACCAAAUGUGAA
    4333 2125 AUCUUUGUUUACUUAAUGUCC
    4334 2126 UAAUCCCUGUUUAUGUUAUUU
    4335 2127 AUUACCCAACAUGGUGACUGA
    4336 2128 CAUAAUCUGAGGGAGUAGGAA
    4337 2129 AUAAACCCAUUGAGCAAAGGA
    4338 2130 AGAUGUGGAUAUAUGGAUGGU
    4339 2131 AGCUUAGAUAAAGACCAAGAG
    4340 2132 UGGAGAGAAUUUCAAGACAUU
    4341 2133 ACACAUUCCCAAUGCAUGUUG
    4342 2134 CAAGUUCCCAUUUAUUUCCUU
    4343 2135 CAACACUCACAAUGCUUCUUA
    4344 2136 AUGAAUACAAAUUUAUAAAAG
    4345 2137 UGAAUAUUAACUGCAAGUAGC
    4346 2138 AGAGGGUGGUGUGACCUCUUU
    4347 2139 UGCAGCGAUAAUCAGAGGAGU
    4348 2140 AUAUUCAUUUGGUCACUUAAA
    4349 2141 UGCAAGUUCAACCCAAUUAAG
    4350 2142 GAAUCAACAUUGAAAGAUGUG
    4351 2143 UAAAUAGAUAUAUGGUGAAAU
    4352 2144 AGAUGUUAUGAGUAUAAUCCC
    4353 2145 GUAGCUUAGAUAAAGACCAAG
    4354 2146 AGUCAGGCUGGAGAGAGGCUU
    4355 2147 AUCUUAUCAUCAAUAAUGAAU
    4356 2148 CAACAUGGUGACUGAUUUGAG
    4357 2149 UGGGAAGUGGUUUGGAGCUGU
    4358 2150 AAGAUCUUAUCAUCAAUAAUG
    4359 2151 CAUUGCUCUGGAAUUCCAGUG
    4360 2152 AGAAAUCUGAAUAACAUAAAG
    4361 2153 ACAUUAACGUUCUUUCCUUUU
    4362 2154 AGGGAAAGAGAAUAAACUGUU
    4363 2155 CAGGAUUCUGGAGCUCUGGAG
    4364 2156 CAAAUGCUGAAUUUCAGUCCU
    4365 2157 CAACACUAUGAAGAGGGAGUG
    4366 2158 AGGGCACACUAGCAACAUCAA
    4367 2159 GAAGUCAUUACCCAACAUGGU
    4368 2160 CAACUUUCUGUAAUUUACAAA
    4369 2161 CAUCUCCCUAGCUUUAACUUA
    4370 2162 GAAAUAGGUGAUACAUAGGAA
    4371 2163 AACAACCUAUAAAUAGGCAGA
    4372 2164 UGUGACCACAUCAGUCAGAGA
    4373 2165 UACAAUGCCCUGAGUGGAUUU
    4374 2166 AGUCCACAUGCAAAUACACGU
    4375 2167 AGUCUUACUCAUGAGGGAGAU
    4376 2168 UAGCUUAGAUAAAGACCAAGA
    4377 2169 AUUUGCAAGGCAACCUAUAAU
    4378 2170 AUUUGUCAACAUUUCUCAAUG
    4379 2171 GUAUGCUCUGGUCUUGGUGCG
    4380 2172 CACUAUAGCAGGCUGAAUUUG
    4381 2173 CAGAUUCAGUUAGACAUUGUU
    4382 2174 UAUGGAUGGUUAGAUGGAUGG
    4383 2175 CUUAGCUUCUCUAAGAUCUCC
    4384 2176 UCCUCCUGGGAAGAUAGAGCG
    4385 2177 AGGUCAGAAGGAUGGAACCAU
    4386 2178 CAACAGAUGUUAUCAAGGGGG
    4387 2179 CAACUACUGCAAACAACCUAU
    4388 2180 UCACCUUCCACCAUUUCAAUU
    4389 2181 AAUGGAGGCUCAGAUGCUGUU
    4390 2182 CUAGUAUUUAUCCCACUACAU
    4391 2183 CAUGUUCACACAGUACUUGCU
    4392 2184 GUACACACAGGUGUGCACAUG
    4393 2185 ACACGAGAUCAGCAAGAACGA
    4394 2186 ACUUCAACAUUGCUGCCCUGU
    4395 2187 GUUCCCACCAUAGUGCUUCGU
    4396 2188 AAUUCUGAUAAACAAUGAAAA
    4397 2189 AACAGGCAGAGACAGUCCUAC
    4398 2190 CUGUGCUUCUCACCCUUCCCU
    4399 2191 AAUUACAUAAUCUGAGGGAGU
    4400 2192 AGCGAUAAUCAGAGGAGUCAG
    4401 2193 UGAUUGGGAUGUAGCCUUCAC
    4402 2194 UGGGACUUGCCCUAUUGGUUA
    4403 2195 UGGAUCACCUGGUUUGAGUGC
    4404 2196 UUGGUCAGGCUGGUCUCGAAC
    4405 2197 UCCUACAUAUUUGUUUAAUGA
    4406 2198 ACCACAUCAGUCAGAGAGCCA
    4407 2199 AGAGAAACAACUUUCUGUAAU
    4408 2200 UCCUUCUUGGGUUGCUGUUGA
    4409 2201 UACAGACAACAGGAAGCAAUU
    4410 2202 UGGAAUCAACAUUGAAAGAUG
    4411 2203 AUAAUCUGAGGGAGUAGGAAA
    4412 2204 AGUGGUUUGGAGCUGUGGUUG
    4413 2205 UGCCUAGCGUCACAUAGCAAU
    4414 2206 AUCCCGAGAAGAAUAUUGUCA
    4415 2207 UAUUAAAGUUCUCACCUAAAA
    4416 2208 AAAGCAAUAUUAUAACAAUAU
    4417 2209 AUUCCCAAUGCAUGUUGGGUU
    4418 2210 CUAGCUUUAACUUAUAGAUAA
    4419 2211 CAUCCAUACAGGUCUCUGUGA
    4420 2212 UGUACUCGAAGGAUGGGCUGC
    4421 2213 UCCAAAGCUUGCAGGCACUCU
    4422 2214 AGGUGGUUAAACUCAAACAUU
    4423 2215 AUUUGUUUAAUGAUUUCAAAG
    4424 2216 UUGGUACAAAGUGGUAGUAAA
    4425 2217 UAUGAAGAGGGAGUGUGCAUC
    4426 2218 CAAAUAUUUACAAUGACACAC
    4427 2219 CUGAAGGAAGAGAGAUCUCUG
    4428 2220 UGCUCUGGAAUUCCAGUGAAU
    4429 2221 AGAGAGGCCUAUGUAACUGAU
    4430 2222 GAAUACAGCUGACAGUCUCUC
    4431 2223 AAGUUUCAAACUGCAAUAUUU
    4432 2224 CUGACCUCAGGUGAUCCGCCU
    4433 2225 ACUGGGAACAGUCAACAGAAA
    4434 2226 GUUAUGAGUAUAAUCCCAGUA
    4435 2227 UUGUUUACUUAAUGUCCAACA
    4436 2228 CUAUAUAGUUUGCUGAAACUC
    4437 2229 AUUCAUUUGGUCACUUAAAGG
    4438 2230 CUUAAACGUGAUAUUUGCCAU
    4439 2231 CACCACAACCUCCGCCUCCUG
    4440 2232 AAUGUGGUUUCUCCUAUGAGG
    4441 2233 UGAGGGAGAUGGUGAGGUGUA
    4442 2234 UGGGUUAUAUUCAUUUGGUCA
    4443 2235 AACGCACUGGAUCCUUGCUAA
    4444 2236 UUACUUUGCUCAGGAGUGAUC
    4445 2237 CUCUGCAACUUGUAAGUGUUU
    4446 2238 CUCUAAGAUCUCCUCAUCUGU
    4447 2239 AGGAUGUCACAGUUUCAGUUU
    4448 2240 UCUCUACUGUGCUUCUCACCC
    4449 2241 AGAAUUUCAAGACAUUUAUGA
    4450 2242 UCACUGUGGGAGUUGUCAUCA
    4451 2243 AAUACUUAUUAGAAAUAUACA
    4452 2244 AGUCCUCUUGUUCAGAGCUCA
    4453 2245 CAAACACAACACUAUGAAGAG
    4454 2246 CAGCUUCUAAAGGAGACUCCG
    4455 2247 UGGGACCAUCCACUAACUCCC
    4456 2248 AUCAAAGAUUUGGAUAGACUC
    4457 2249 UGGGAUUACAGGCGCCCGCCA
    4458 2250 CUAACCAACAGAAAGAUUAUA
    4459 2251 AAGUAGCUAUCUAAAUAAUUA
    4460 2252 CUUUAUGGUCACUUCAACAUU
    4461 2253 AGGUAUUAAGGAGAUUAACAA
    4462 2254 AAAUUAAGAAGCCUUCUAUAA
    4463 2255 ACAGUCAUGCACAAUCCAUAU
    4464 2256 UCAGGGCACACUAGCAACAUC
    4465 2257 AGACUCAGGCUUAAACGUGAU
    4466 2258 GGACCAUCCACUAACUCCCAG
    4467 2259 CUGAAUAACAUAAAGAAUAAA
    4468 2260 UGGGUUGCUGUUGAAGGUUCA
    4469 2261 UGCUACAAGUUGUAUAGAAUA
    4470 2262 CUAUAGUUCCCUUUCUGCUGU
    4471 2263 GUGUGCAUCUUUGAGAAACCU
    4472 2264 CUAGGUAUAGGGUCUGCUUUU
    4473 2265 UCUAUUUCCUCCUGGUAUGCC
    4474 2266 AAUAUACAUAACUCUCCAAUA
    4475 2267 GUAAAGCUCAUGUAUUUCUGG
    4476 2268 UUCCCUUUCUGCUGUUUAUUU
    4477 2269 CACAUGCAAAUACACGUUCAG
    4478 2270 UCGAGUCACCACCUCAGGUGC
    4479 2271 GAGGUGAUAUCUCAGUUCCCG
    4480 2272 GUCUUGGUGCGAUAACUGGUG
    4481 2273 GUUUACUAUAUCACCUUUCUC
    4482 2274 CUCUCUGCAACUUGUAAGUGU
    4483 2275 ACUUUCGGACCAUAAGCUUUU
    4484 2276 AAUAUUGAUUGGGAUGUAGCC
    4485 2277 GUUUGAGUGCAGGAAAUCCAA
    4486 2278 CAGAAUUUCAUUAAUAAUUAA
    4487 2279 AGUACUUGCUCUGGUAUUUUU
    4488 2280 UUUCCAAGUUCCCAUUUAUUU
    4489 2281 AAACAGCUUCUUUCUAAUACU
    4490 2282 UGCUAACAACAUUAACGUUCU
    4491 2283 AGGUCCAAGUUUCAAACUGCA
    4492 2284 UUCAGUCCUCUUGUUCAGAGC
    4493 2285 UUCUCAACAUGUAAGGGAUGC
    4494 2286 GAAGGAAGAGAGAUCUCUGGG
    4495 2287 UGUAGAUGUUAUGAGUAUAAU
    4496 2288 AGGCACUCUCUGCAGACAGCU
    4497 2289 ACAUCUGACUCAUUCUCUACU
    4498 2290 CCUCUUUAUUUGGUACUGCUG
    4499 2291 UCAAGCCUCUCCCAACUUUUA
    4500 2292 UCAUGAGGGAGAUGGUGAGGU
    4501 2293 ACAUUGAAAGAUGUGCCCUCG
    4502 2294 UCUGCCCUGCAUGCUCUGCGC
    4503 2295 CUCUGGGCGCUCUUUCUCCUU
    4504 2296 CACCACCCUAACACAACUGAU
    4505 2297 ACAUAAUCUGAGGGAGUAGGA
    4506 2298 CAAUAUCUGCAACAGAUGUUA
    4507 2299 UCAAUGCUAAUAGCAUGUAAU
    4508 2300 CAUGGUUUACAGAUAACACAU
    4509 2301 UGUAAGUGUUUAGGUUCACUC
    4510 2302 AUAUUAUAACAAUAUCAAAUA
    4511 2303 UCUAUUCAUUUGAAAGGUAAA
    4512 2304 AUGGGCUGCUAUGUAUCCAUG
    4513 2305 GAUAUAUUAUUAUCAAAUCUU
    4514 2306 CUCAGGAUUCUGGAGCUCUGG
    4515 2307 AUGUAAGGGAUGCUAACUAAU
    4516 2308 AAACUGUCAGUUUACAAAUGC
    4517 2309 GAAUUCUGUCGGACUGACAUU
    4518 2310 AUAGUGCUUCGUUUACUUUGC
    4519 2311 AUCUCAGUUCCCGCAUUUGCA
    4520 2312 UAUUGAGAAUGACCAAUAAAA
    4521 2313 UGGUCACUUAAAGGAGUGUGG
    4522 2314 GAGUGCUGAAGAAUCCCGGUU
    4523 2315 UACCUUUAAUCCAAAGUUACA
    4524 2316 ACAUCUAAUGACAAUGCAAGU
    4525 2317 CCACACACAAGCACACACAUU
    4526 2318 CAGGUGGUUAAACUCAAACAU
    4527 2319 UCCACAUGUUCACACAGUACU
    4528 2320 UUAUAACAAUAUCAAAUAAAA
    4529 2321 UCUUGCAAGUUCAACCCAAUU
    4530 2322 CAGUAAAUGCUACAAGUUGUA
    4531 2323 UGCAUAUGUUUCAUAAGCACA
    4532 2324 CAGCUCACCACAACCUCCGCC
    4533 2325 ACUUCCACAUGUUCACACAGU
    4534 2326 GUUUACUUAAUGUCCAACAAG
    4535 2327 UAAAUACCUUUAAUCCAAAGU
    4536 2328 CUAGCAACAUCAAAGAUUUGG
    4537 2329 ACUCUAGAAAGCCCAGCACUA
    4538 2330 AUACCUUUAAUCCAAAGUUAC
    4539 2331 AGAAAGUCCCAUCUUUGUUUA
    4540 2332 CAAGGCAACCUAUAAUGCCAU
    4541 2333 CCUCAUUAGAAAUAAACCCAU
    4542 2334 AGGAAAUCCAAAGCUUGCAGG
    4543 2335 UCUUCAUUAUCCAGACCGUCA
    4544 2336 ACAUAAACACGUACACUAUAU
    4545 2337 GUGUUUGGAGUUCUAAUAGUG
    4546 2338 ACAGACACUCCGCAGAUAUUU
    4547 2339 CUAAAUAAUUAACAAUAUUAG
    4548 2340 CUGUUGAUUUCCUCUUGGGUA
    4549 2341 AGCUCUGGAGUUCCAUUAGUG
    4550 2342 GUGAUAUUAUAGAAUCUCUCA
    4551 2343 ACCUAGCAGGAUGUCACAGUU
    4552 2344 UUUCACCGUUUGAGCUUUAUU
    4553 2345 UGUCACAGUUUCAGUUUCAGU
    4554 2346 CCUUGCUAACAACAUUAACGU
    4555 2347 AGCUUUAUUUAGAUAUACAGU
    4556 2348 UAUUUGCAUCCCAGGAUUUCA
    4557 2349 AUUGAAAUUAGUGGGACUUGC
    4558 2350 UGUAUGCUCUGGUCUUGGUGC
    4559 2351 UCACCCUUCCCUGACUUUCCC
    4560 2352 GUGAUAUCUCAGUUCCCGCAU
    4561 2353 CAACAGGAAGCAAUUUCGUGU
    4562 2354 CUACCUGAAUGAUAUACAGUA
    4563 2355 CUCUUCAUCUUCUUCUUCAGA
    4564 2356 CACUGUGGGAGUUGUCAUCAG
    4565 2357 AAGGAUGGAACCAUACCAUCA
    4566 2358 UGUUCCCAGUCUUUGUCCAUA
    4567 2359 AUUACAGGCCCAGAUUCGUUU
    4568 2360 GUUUGGAGUAAUCGUGCCCAU
    4569 2361 UGAAAGAUGUGCCCUCGUUAU
    4570 2362 AAUGUGAAUCCUUCAGCAUCA
    4571 2363 CUCUAGGUAUAGGGUCUGCUU
    4572 2364 GUUUCUAUUCAUUUGAAAGGU
    4573 2365 ACUCAUGAGGGAGAUGGUGAG
    4574 2366 CUCAGCUCACCACAACCUCCG
    4575 2367 ACACCAUAUUCCGAAACAGAA
    4576 2368 AAUUUCAUUAAUAAUUAAUUC
    4577 2369 ACACCACACACAAGCACACAC
    4578 2370 AGAGGGAGUGUGCAUCUUUGA
    4579 2371 AAACGUUAUAAAUUGUCAAAA
    4580 2372 AGUCAUGCACAAUCCAUAUUU
    4581 2373 GUAUUUCUGGUUGUUGACUGU
    4582 2374 UAUCUCAGUUCCCGCAUUUGC
    4583 2375 AGUGCUGAAGAAUCCCGGUUG
    4584 2376 GAGUUGUCAUCAGAAAUGCUA
    4585 2377 CACUACUUCACAGGAAAGGAG
    4586 2378 CUCUAUGUUGGUCAGGCUGGU
    4587 2379 UCGAAGGAUGGGCUGCUAUGU
    4588 2380 AGAAUUAAACUCUAGAAAGCC
    4589 2381 AUCACUGUGGGAGUUGUCAUC
    4590 2382 CUAUAUCACCUUUCUCUAGAU
    4591 2383 AAAUGUGAAUCCUUCAGCAUC
    4592 2384 ACACACAAAUAUUUACAAUGA
    4593 2385 ACUCGAUUGUACCAAAUGUGA
    4594 2386 AAGAAUCCUACCUGAAUGAUA
    4595 2387 CAUAAAGAAUAAAUACUUGAG
    4596 2388 AUCAGAUACAAUGCCCUGAGU
    4597 2389 ACAUCACUACCCUGUGAUCUG
    4598 2390 UGCAAACAACCUAUAAAUAGG
    4599 2391 CAUAGUUGUAAUCCCUGUUUA
    4600 2392 ACAGUCCUACAUAUUUGUUUA
    4601 2393 GGGAUUAUGACAACGCACUGG
    4602 2394 UCCUUGCUAACAACAUUAACG
    4603 2395 ACGAAGUCAUUACCCAACAUG
    4604 2396 UACUCAUGAGGGAGAUGGUGA
    4605 2397 AGAACUAAGCAUGAACACACC
    4606 2398 AAUCAACAUUGAAAGAUGUGC
    4607 2399 UCUUUGUUUAAAUGUGGUUUC
    4608 2400 CUUUGGUUAGAUGGUCUCCCU
    4609 2401 AGAUCAGCAAGAACGAAGUCA
    4610 2402 GUUUGCUGAAACUCUAAAGAA
    4611 2403 AGAAGCCUUCUAUAACACAAA
    4612 2404 CUUUGCUUAACUGAAUAUUAA
    4613 2405 AUAUCAACUUUCGGACCAUAA
    4614 2406 ACACACAUAUUCCUCUCCACU
    4615 2407 AUAACAUAGUAUGCUUCAAAU
    4616 2408 CAAGACACAGUCAUGCACAAU
    4617 2409 CAGAUAACACAUUCUGACAAA
    4618 2410 GUUUAAAUGUGGUUUCUCCUA
    4619 2411 AAGCAGCAUAUCUGAGGUGAC
    4620 2412 UGGAGUAAUCGUGCCCAUUGC
    4621 2413 ACGGUGGAAGUGACCACUUUA
    4622 2414 ACCACAACCUCCGCCUCCUGG
    4623 2415 AGCAAUGGAUUCAACCACAGA
    4624 2416 AUUAGUGGGACUUGCCCUAUU
    4625 2417 AGUUUACCCUCUUUCCAGCAG
    4626 2418 CCUCUUCAUCUUCUUCUUCAG
    4627 2419 AGUGGGACUUGCCCUAUUGGU
    4628 2420 GUGUUCCCAGUCUUUGUCCAU
    4629 2421 AGGUUCAGAACCUGAACUCAC
    4630 2422 GAGGAGGUCAAGCCUCUCCCA
    4631 2423 CUGGUUGUUGACUGUUUCUUU
    4632 2424 CCUAUGAGGAUUUCCUAGGUU
    4633 2425 AAGGGUCACUGCUCCAAGGUC
    4634 2426 CUAUUGAAAUUAGUGGGACUU
    4635 2427 AAGAGAGAUCUCUGGGCGCUC
    4636 2428 AACCCAAAGUCAGUCAAUUUA
    4637 2429 CUAAUGAAUAGGGCUUCCUAA
    4638 2430 UGGAUAUAUGGAUGGUUAGAU
    4639 2431 UCCUAACCAGGUAUUGGGCUC
    4640 2432 UCAUGACCAGAAUUUCAUUAA
    4641 2433 AUAAAGCCUAUGGAAUAAUUG
    4642 2434 CAUCUCCUGAACAUAAACACG
    4643 2435 UGAGAUACAAUUCUGAUAAAC
    4644 2436 GAUCUCCUCAUCUGUCAUCUU
    4645 2437 GUGACUUGCCUAGCGUCACAU
    4646 2438 UAGAUGUUAUGAGUAUAAUCC
    4647 2439 GUCACUAAUGUACUGAUUUUU
    4648 2440 UCCAAGUUUCAAACUGCAAUA
    4649 2441 AGCUUCUUUCUAAUACUUAUU
    4650 2442 UCCUGGGUUCAAGCGAUUCUC
    4651 2443 CGGACUGACAUUUCUUGGGAU
    4652 2444 GGAAGAGGUACUUAGAGCCAA
    4653 2445 CUUAUCAUCAAUAAUGAAUAU
    4654 2446 GACUUCUCUAGGUAUAGGGUC
    4655 2447 AGGCUAGUAUUUAUCCCACUA
    4656 2448 AGAUGUGCCCUCGUUAUCUCA
    4657 2449 UGUAGCCUUCACUGACCUCCC
    4658 2450 UAUUCAUUUGAAAGGUAAAGA
    4659 2451 AAUGAAUUGGAAGGCUGCCAC
    4660 2452 CAAGCCUGAAAGAAAUCUGAA
    4661 2453 CUGUGGUUGAGUGCUGAAGAA
    4662 2454 AACUGAAUAUUAACUGCAAGU
    4663 2455 GUAUGCUCAAAGUCUGAAGGA
    4664 2456 AAAUAUCUCAAACUAUCAAAA
    4665 2457 CUUGUCCUGUUGCAAUGUCUA
    4666 2458 UGAAAGCCCUUCCUGAACACA
    4667 2459 AAUAUCCUGUUGGACAAGAAA
    4668 2460 UGAGGAUUUCCUAGGUUCAGA
    4669 2461 ACAGAAAUAGGUGAUACAUAG
    4670 2462 AGAAGCUCAAGUACAGUUAUA
    4671 2463 UCUGCUGUAGGCAGGGCAUUG
    4672 2464 CUAACUAAUGAAUAGGGCUUC
    4673 2465 UACCCAACAUGGUGACUGAUU
    4674 2466 AGUCAUUACCCAACAUGGUGA
    4675 2467 GAUUUCAGUAUUCUACAUUUA
    4676 2468 CUCAACAUGUAAGGGAUGCUA
    4677 2469 GGACAUCUAAUGACAAUGCAA
    4678 2470 UCUUUCAUAGGAGAAAUAUUC
    4679 2471 AUGUAGCCUUCACUGACCUCC
    4680 2472 CUUCAUCCAUACAGGUCUCUG
    4681 2473 AGGCUUAUAAGAAGUUUCUAU
    4682 2474 GCAACAGAUGUUAUCAAGGGG
    4683 2475 CAGUAGACAUCACUACCCUGU
    4684 2476 CUGCUAUGUAUCCAUGUGCAC
    4685 2477 CAAGAGAGGAUUAAUUUAGGU
    4686 2478 UGUUUACUAUAUCACCUUUCU
    4687 2479 AUCCAAAGCUUGCAGGCACUC
    4688 2480 AUGCAUGUUGGGUUAUAUUCA
    4689 2481 AUGGACACACAAAUAUUUACA
    4690 2482 AUUUCAUUAAUAAUUAAUUCC
    4691 2483 CAGUCCUACAUAUUUGUUUAA
    4692 2484 UGGUACUGCUGGUGAAGCAAU
    4693 2485 ACCAGAUAUCAACUUUCGGAC
    4694 2486 AGAAACAGCUUCUUUCUAAUA
    4695 2487 GAGGUUUGAAUGCAAGAGGGA
    4696 2488 ACCAUAGUGCUUCGUUUACUU
    4697 2489 AACUCCCAGUUUACCCUCUUU
    4698 2490 AAGAAUCCCGGUUGUUACUAU
    4699 2491 CACACAAAUAUUUACAAUGAC
    4700 2492 CUGUAUAAACAGUACCUGAUG
    4701 2493 UUCCCAGUCCACAUGCAAAUA
    4702 2494 GCAAUAUCUGCAACAGAUGUU
    4703 2495 CAAAGAACUAAGCAUGAACAC
    4704 2496 ACACGAUCUUUGAGCUGAGAA
    4705 2497 UCCCAACAAAUUAAUUUGUCA
    4706 2498 UGCCCUGCAUGCUCUGCGCUC
    4707 2499 UUCUUGGGUUGCUGUUGAAGG
    4708 2500 AGGCUUAGAGAAACAACUUUC
    4709 2501 CUCAAUGCUAAUAGCAUGUAA
    4710 2502 ACAUGGAGGUGAUAUCUCAGU
    4711 2503 CAAGUCAUAUAAGGAAUUCUG
    4712 2504 ACAUAAGAGACUCAGGCUUAA
    4713 2505 AAGUGACCACUUUAUGGUCAC
    4714 2506 AGAAGGAGAGAGGCCUAUGUA
    4715 2507 UCCUGAACAUAAACACGUACA
    4716 2508 GCUGAAUGUACAUAAGUUCUG
    4717 2509 ACUGUGGGAGUUGUCAUCAGA
    4718 2510 CAUGGGAUUAUGACAACGCAC
    4719 2511 CAGCUGCUAUCUGUCCUUCAU
    4720 2512 AGAGAAUUUCAAGACAUUUAU
    4721 2513 CUGACCUCCCAUUUCUUACAG
    4722 2514 UCAGUUUACAAAUGCUGAAUU
    4723 2515 AGAUCUUAUCAUCAAUAAUGA
    4724 2516 ACUAUAUCACCUUUCUCUAGA
    4725 2517 CAUAACUUCUAUUGAAAUUAG
    4726 2518 GACUUCCACAUGUUCACACAG
    4727 2519 AGCAGAGGGCAGACAACCUGU
    4728 2520 ACUCAAUGCAUUAGUAGCUAC
    4729 2521 CAUACAGGUCUCUGUGACCAC
    4730 2522 CCCAGUAGACAUCACUACCCU
    4731 2523 UGUGGGAGUUGUCAUCAGAAA
    4732 2524 AUCAAACUGUCAGUUUACAAA
    4733 2525 CUAUCAGAUACAAUGCCCUGA
    4734 2526 CUUUACAUACAGACUGUAUGG
    4735 2527 AGGCCCAUCAAACUGUCAGUU
    4736 2528 AGAAUAUUGUCACUCUUUAUA
    4737 2529 GAUCCUUCUCAACUUGUUUUG
    4738 2530 CAGGAAAUCCAAAGCUUGCAG
    4739 2531 CUUUAAUCCAAAGUUACAGAA
    4740 2532 ACUCUAUUAGGGCAUGGACUU
    4741 2533 UCUCUGCCCUGCAUGCUCUGC
    4742 2534 CUAUCUUUGGUUCCCAACAAA
    4743 2535 GUUACUAUUCAUCCUCAGUGG
    4744 2536 UUCAAGUUACUCGAUUGUACC
    4745 2537 UCAUUACCCAACAUGGUGACU
    4746 2538 ACAAUAUUAGGGUUCUUAUUU
    4747 2539 CAAAUUAAUUUGUCAACAUUU
    4748 2540 UUCCACCACCCUAACACAACU
    4749 2541 GUUCAGAGCUCAGAGACUGGG
    4750 2542 ACUUCUCUAGGUAUAGGGUCU
    4751 2543 CAUAUGUUUCAUAAGCACAAG
    4752 2544 AACUGUAAAUGAAUUGGAAGG
    4753 2545 CAAAGUGCUGGGAUUACAGGU
    4754 2546 ACCAAGUAGCUAUCUAAAUAA
    4755 2547 GUUAGAAGGAAGUUAUCCUUU
    4756 2548 CAGAAGAUUCAGGAAGUGCCA
    4757 2549 CACACAUAUUCCUCUCCACUU
    4758 2550 GAAACAACUGUAAAUGAAUUG
    4759 2551 GAUAUUAUAGAAUCUCUCAGA
    4760 2552 GUCUAGUGCUGUAUAAACAGU
    4761 2553 AUGCUGAGGUCAGAAGGAUGG
    4762 2554 ACCUUUGCUUAACUGAAUAUU
    4763 2555 AAGCAAUAUUAUAACAAUAUC
    4764 2556 AGGAUCAGGUGGUUAAACUCA
    4765 2557 CUAUGGAUCACCUGGUUUGAG
    4766 2558 UUCCCACUGCCCUAUUCCUAA
    4767 2559 UACACAUGGUUUACAGAUAAC
    4768 2560 ACUGCCCUAUUCCUAACUCAG
    4769 2561 UGCACAAUCCAUAUUUCAAUU
    4770 2562 CAGGAUGUCACAGUUUCAGUU
    4771 2563 AACUCACCUAGCAGGAUGUCA
    4772 2564 GAUCCUUGCUAACAACAUUAA
    4773 2565 CACACCACACACAAGCACACA
    4774 2566 AGGAGAAGCUCAAGUACAGUU
    4775 2567 CCUGUUGCAAUGUCUAGUGCU
    4776 2568 GUUGCAAUGUCUAGUGCUGUA
    4777 2569 ACUUGAGUUAAAUCUUCUUAC
    4778 2570 GCUAAUAGCAUGUAAUUACUU
    4779 2571 UCCUCCUGGUAUGCCUAUUUU
    4780 2572 CUGGAUCCUUGCUAACAACAU
    4781 2573 UCCCUGACUUUCCCACUGCCC
    4782 2574 CAAAUAUCUCAAACUAUCAAA
    4783 2575 GUGACCACAUCAGUCAGAGAG
    4784 2576 AAUAGGUGAUACAUAGGAAAA
    4785 2577 UGCAAAUACACGUUCAGAAUU
    4786 2578 GUAUUGGGCUCUCUCCACUGG
    4787 2579 AUGUCUAGUGCUGUAUAAACA
    4788 2580 GUCUCGAACUCCUGACCUCAG
    4789 2581 AAACAACUUUCUGUAAUUUAC
    4790 2582 UGGUGAAAUAGUAGUCAAAUU
    4791 2583 ACUUUACAUACAGACUGUAUG
    4792 2584 UCCCGAGAAGAAUAUUGUCAC
    4793 2585 ACAACCUGGUUUACUCAAUUA
    4794 2586 UGUUGAUUUCCUCUUGGGUAC
    4795 2587 AUAAUUCCACCACCCUAACAC
    4796 2588 CCACAUGUUCACACAGUACUU
    4797 2589 UGGAGAGGUUAAGUGACUUGC
    4798 2590 GAAAGAAAUCUGAAUAACAUA
    4799 2591 AUCAUAAGUAAAUGAUGAUUA
    4800 2592 GAGCUUUAUUUAGAUAUACAG
    4801 2593 AGUUGUCAUCAGAAAUGCUAU
    4802 2594 CCGGUUGUUACUAUUCAUCCU
    4803 2595 GACAGUCCUACAUAUUUGUUU
    4804 2596 CUCCUGGGAAGAUAGAGCGAA
    4805 2597 AUGUGCCCUCGUUAUCUCAGG
    4806 2598 AGUGACUUCUCUAGGUAUAGG
    4807 2599 UGCUGUUUAUUUAUUGUAAAG
    4808 2600 GUGGGUUCUUCUUCUGUUCCA
    4809 2601 CUUGCCUAGCGUCACAUAGCA
    4810 2602 ACCCAGGCAAGCAUAAAGCCU
    4811 2603 ACAUAUUUGUUUAAUGAUUUC
    4812 2604 GUUAAACUCAAACAUUGGGGU
    4813 2605 GCAUCUUUGAGAAACCUUUUU
    4814 2606 UGUAAGGGAUGCUAACUAAUG
    4815 2607 UUCCAAGUUCCCAUUUAUUUC
    4816 2608 GUGCAUCUUUGAGAAACCUUU
    4817 2609 CAAGAACGAAGUCAUUACCCA
    4818 2610 AGGUCAAGCCUCUCCCAACUU
    4819 2611 GUUCAGAACCUGAACUCACCU
    4820 2612 CACGGUGGAAGUGACCACUUU
    4821 2613 AUCUUGCAAGUUCAACCCAAU
    4822 2614 UGGGCUCUGCUAUCUUGUGCC
    4823 2615 CUAGGUUCAGAACCUGAACUC
    4824 2616 CUAGCGUCACAUAGCAAUUUA
    4825 2617 CACAUAUUCCUCUCCACUUUU
    4826 2618 CUGAAUGAUAUACAGUAAUAU
    4827 2619 AUGACCAGAAUUUCAUUAAUA
    4828 2620 CACAGAACGAGUAUAGAUUGA
    4829 2621 AAACCCAUUGAGCAAAGGAAU
    4830 2622 UGGUACAAAGUGGUAGUAAAG
    4831 2623 AACUCUAAAGAAAGUGCUUUC
    4832 2624 AACAGAAAGAUUAUAUCAAAA
    4833 2625 CUGAACUGAAAGCAUAAGAGA
    4834 2626 AAGAUGUGCCCUCGUUAUCUC
    4835 2627 UCCCUAGCUUUAACUUAUAGA
    4836 2628 CAUUUCUCAAUGCUAAUAGCA
    4837 2629 CAAAUUAAUAUUACCGUUUCA
    4838 2630 AGCCCUUCCUGAACACACAUA
    4839 2631 UAUGGAUCACCUGGUUUGAGU
    4840 2632 UGUGGGUUCUUCUUCUGUUCC
    4841 2633 AGCUUGCAGGCACUCUCUGCA
    4842 2634 AAUAUCAUUUAUAGACAAAUA
    4843 2635 CUCCUGAACAUAAACACGUAC
    4844 2636 AAUGGAUUCAACCACAGAACG
    4845 2637 AAUUUCCCGGCACUAUGAGUG
    4846 2638 AGUAUUUAUCCCACUACAUCU
    4847 2639 AUUUCACCGUUUGAGCUUUAU
    4848 2640 AUUUAGUAAUAAAGCUCAUAU
    4849 2641 ACUUGUAAGUGUUUAGGUUCA
    4850 2642 CUCUCCAAUACAGGGAAGGGG
    4851 2643 CUUUCUAAUACUUAUUAGAAA
    4852 2644 UGCCCUCGUUAUCUCAGGGCA
    4853 2645 ACUCUAAAGAAAGUGCUUUCA
    4854 2646 AUAUUCCGAAACAGAAAUAGG
    4855 2647 UCACAAGCCUGAAAGAAAUCU
    4856 2648 AGGAUCAUCUAGUCCAAUACA
    4857 2649 ACCUCUUUAUUUGGUACUGCU
    4858 2650 AUCCCUGUUUAUGUUAUUUAA
    4859 2651 AGUUUCAAACUGCAAUAUUUU
    4860 2652 AGAUUGGAUGCUGAGGUCAGA
    4861 2653 ACACUCAAGACACAGUCAUGC
    4862 2654 GUGGAUCCUUCUCAACUUGUU
    4863 2655 AUGACUACCCAUAGUUCAUCA
    4864 2656 AUAUCACCUUUCUCUAGAUCU
    4865 2657 GUUAUAUUCUAGCAAGUGUGA
    4866 2658 AAAGCAGAGGGCAGACAACCU
    4867 2659 ACAAGGAUUUCAGUAUUCUAC
    4868 2660 GAAUGUACAUAAGUUCUGUUU
    4869 2661 ACAGAACUAUAACUGAAUGCC
    4870 2662 AAUCCUACCUGAAUGAUAUAC
    4871 2663 UGAGUUAGAAGGAAGUUAUCC
    4872 2664 ACUUAAUGUCCAACAAGGAUU
    4873 2665 AAUUUGCAAGGCAACCUAUAA
    4874 2666 UCUCUGCAGACAGCUGCUAUC
    4875 2667 ACUUGAGAAUUAAACUCUAGA
    4876 2668 ACUGCAAGUAGCUUAGAUAAA
    4877 2669 CUCUCUCUCAUUAGAGCAGUG
    4878 2670 CACAUGAAUCGUAUGCUCAAA
    4879 2671 AUCUUGGUACAAAGUGGUAGU
    4880 2672 GAGACUGGGAGAUACUUGCAC
    4881 2673 UGUAAGGAUCAGGUGGUUAAA
    4882 2674 CUUAUUCUUCUCUUCAGGGGC
    4883 2675 UCUUACUCAUGAGGGAGAUGG
    4884 2676 AAGUUACUCGAUUGUACCAAA
    4885 2677 CGGAAUACAGCUGACAGUCUC
    4886 2678 UGUGACCUCUUUAUUUGGUAC
    4887 2679 GUAUAGAAUACUCGUACACAC
    4888 2680 CAUUGUUUAAUAUUAAACACA
    4889 2681 UAAGCACAAGAGAGGAUUAAU
    4890 2682 CACAUCCAUCUCAAGACAGCG
    4891 2683 GAUGUAGCCUUCACUGACCUC
    4892 2684 CUUUGUCCAUAUGCAUUUCUU
    4893 2685 CAGGGAAAGAGAAUAAACUGU
    4894 2686 UAAUGACAAUGCAAGUGAAAA
    4895 2687 ACUUCAUUUGCUUGAGUUUUU
    4896 2688 CUCAGAGAAAGUCCCAUCUUU
    4897 2689 AUCUAUUUCCUCCUGGUAUGC
    4898 2690 AGGUAUCAUUAUCUUUGUUUA
    4899 2691 CAAAGAUUUGGAUAGACUCAC
    4900 2692 UGCUUCUCACCCUUCCCUGAC
    4901 2693 UCUGGAAUUCCAGUGAAUUCC
    4902 2694 UGCUGAACUGAAAGCAUAAGA
    4903 2695 GUAUCAUAAGUAAAUGAUGAU
    4904 2696 GUUAUAUUCAUUUGGUCACUU
    4905 2697 CAAAGUCAGUCAAUUUAACAG
    4906 2698 CACCUUUCUCUAGAUCUUUAA
    4907 2699 GUGCAGGAAAUCCAAAGCUUG
    4908 2700 GUCAACAUUUCUCAAUGCUAA
    4909 2701 CACACACAAGCACACACAUUG
    4910 2702 GCUAUCAGAUACAAUGCCCUG
    4911 2703 UGUAAUCCCUGUUUAUGUUAU
    4912 2704 CUAAGUAUUUCUGUAUUGAGA
    4913 2705 ACAGUACUUGCUCUGGUAUUU
    4914 2706 ACCAUCCACUAACUCCCAGUU
    4915 2707 CAGAAGGAUGGAACCAUACCA
    4916 2708 UGGUAUUUGCGGGUCCAUAAA
    4917 2709 UGAAUGAUAUACAGUAAUAUC
    4918 2710 UGCUUCAACCACAAUUUAAAA
    4919 2711 CAUGAUCUCAGCUCACCACAA
    4920 2712 CAGUCCUCUUGUUCAGAGCUC
    4921 2713 AAUCCCGGUUGUUACUAUUCA
    4922 2714 AUAUAAUUAUUUACACGAUCU
    4923 2715 GCUGUUCUUAAUUGCUUCCUU
    4924 2716 UUGCUGCCCUGUUUGGGCUGC
    4925 2717 UCAGGUAUUAAGGAGAUUAAC
    4926 2718 UCUCAGGGCACACUAGCAACA
    4927 2719 ACUGUUUCUUUGGAAUCAUAG
    4928 2720 CUCAGGGCACACUAGCAACAU
    4929 2721 CUGUAAAUGAAUUGGAAGGCU
    4930 2722 AAGUUACAGAAGAAUUUCACU
    4931 2723 AGAGAGGAUUAAUUUAGGUAU
    4932 2724 UCUAUUAGGGCAUGGACUUCC
    4933 2725 UGGUUCCCAACAAAUUAAUUU
    4934 2726 GACAUUUAUGAAUAUGCUUUU
    4935 2727 ACCAACAGAAAGAUUAUAUCA
    4936 2728 GUUCCUGUACAAAGUACUGGA
    4937 2729 ACAUGUUCACACAGUACUUGC
    4938 2730 UGCUAAUAGCAUGUAAUUACU
    4939 2731 AUAGAUAUAUGGUGAAAUAGU
    4940 2732 GUACAGUUAUAUUCUAGCAAG
    4941 2733 UAGCGGCUGCUGUUCUUAAUU
    4942 2734 CACCGUUUGAGCUUUAUUUAG
    4943 2735 ACCAUACCAUCAGCAGGUCUA
    4944 2736 CAAGACAUUUAUGAAUAUGCU
    4945 2737 GACUGGGAGAUACUUGCACUA
    4946 2738 CUUGUAAGUGUUUAGGUUCAC
    4947 2739 AGUAAUCGUGCCCAUUGCUCU
    4948 2740 UAAGAGACUCAGGCUUAAACG
    4949 2741 ACAUGCAAAUACACGUUCAGA
    4950 2742 AAUCCAAAGUUACAGAAGAAU
    4951 2743 UCUUUCGCUUCACGGUGGAAG
    4952 2744 AUGCUCAAAGUCUGAAGGAAG
    4953 2745 AUGGAACAUGGACACACAAAU
    4954 2746 AUCAACUUUCGGACCAUAAGC
    4955 2747 AGUUACAACUAAUUUCACAGC
    4956 2748 AGAUAACACAUUCUGACAAAA
    4957 2749 UCCAAUACAAAUGCAGAAAAA
    4958 2750 AGCUCAUGUAUUUCUGGUUGU
    4959 2751 UCCCAGGAUUUCAUUGAAUUU
    4960 2752 CGCUCUUUCUCCUUCUUCUUA
    4961 2753 ACAGGAAAGGAGAAGCUCAAG
    4962 2754 AGAAUAAACUGUUAACAAUCU
    4963 2755 CACAGGAAAGGAGAAGCUCAA
    4964 2756 UUCCUCCUGGUAUGCCUAUUU
    4965 2757 CAUCUUUCCUGCAGCAGAGUU
    4966 2758 CUAGGCUAGUAUUUAUCCCAC
    4967 2759 AGAAGAAUCCUACCUGAAUGA
    4968 2760 ACCCUAACACAACUGAUUUCA
    4969 2761 ACUCUCAGAAGAUUCAGGAAG
    4970 2762 AGAGAUCUCUGGGCGCUCUUU
    4971 2763 AAAUAUCAUUUAUAGACAAAU
    4972 2764 UCCCAAUGCAUGUUGGGUUAU
    4973 2765 GUUCUAAUAGUGACAUCUCCC
    4974 2766 AUAUCCUGUUGGACAAGAAAA
    4975 2767 AUUAUAGAAUCUCUCAGAACU
    4976 2768 UCAGGCUUACAAAUAAAUUAC
    4977 2769 AUCUCUGGGCGCUCUUUCUCC
    4978 2770 CUCUCUCAUUAGAGCAGUGUG
    4979 2771 CUCAGGUGAUCCGCCUGCCUU
    4980 2772 AGGAGUGAUCUGGGCACAGAA
    4981 2773 AUUUCCCGGCACUAUGAGUGA
    4982 2774 CCAAUCUAAAGCAACCACAAA
    4983 2775 CUAAGAUCUCCUCAUCUGUCA
    4984 2776 UGGAGGUGAUAUCUCAGUUCC
    4985 2777 CUUCCACAUGUUCACACAGUA
    4986 2778 AGAUGGAUGGAUGUACCUUGG
    4987 2779 ACUGCUGGUAUUAUGGGAUAG
    4988 2780 UGCUCUGGUCUUGGUGCGAUA
    4989 2781 AAUAUCUCAAACUAUCAAAAC
    4990 2782 AACUCUAUUAGGGCAUGGACU
    4991 2783 GAAUAUUAACUGCAAGUAGCU
    4992 2784 CCAUAAAUACCUUUAAUCCAA
    4993 2785 AAGGAUCAGGUGGUUAAACUC
    4994 2786 CUCUCUGCAGACAGCUGCUAU
    4995 2787 GAGGGAGUGUGCAUCUUUGAG
    4996 2788 UCUUAUCAUCAAUAAUGAAUA
    4997 2789 UAAUGAAUAGGGCUUCCUAAC
    4998 2790 CCUAGGCUAGUAUUUAUCCCA
    4999 2791 AACUUUCUGUAAUUUACAAAA
    5000 2792 AUUGAGCAAAGGAAUAUAAUU
    5001 2793 AUUCUGAUAAACAAUGAAAAC
    5002 2794 AGGCAGAGACAGUCCUACAUA
    5003 2795 ACACAGGUGUGCACAUGGAGG
    5004 2796 AUUAGGGCAUGGACUUCCACA
    5005 2797 GACCAAGAGAUUCAACCGGGG
    5006 2798 AGAAAUGCUAUCUUUGGUUCC
    5007 2799 GUAAGUGUUUAGGUUCACUCU
    5008 2800 AGCAUGAACACACCAUAUUCC
    5009 2801 CCAACAGAAAGAUUAUAUCAA
    5010 2802 ACCUGAAUGAUAUACAGUAAU
    5011 2803 AAGGGAUGCUAACUAAUGAAU
    5012 2804 CACAGGUGUGCACAUGGAGGU
    5013 2805 CUUCUCAACAUGUAAGGGAUG
    5014 2806 UGCUGGUAUUAUGGGAUAGCA
    5015 2807 CUGGAGAGAAUUUCAAGACAU
    5016 2808 GAAGAAUCCUACCUGAAUGAU
    5017 2809 AUGUAAAGCUCAUGUAUUUCU
    5018 2810 AUAGUAUGCUUCAAAUUAAUA
    5019 2811 AUGGUGAAAUAGUAGUCAAAU
    5020 2812 GUCUCUGUGACCACAUCAGUC
    5021 2813 GCAUGAACACACCAUAUUCCG
    5022 2814 CUUGGUACAAAGUGGUAGUAA
    5023 2815 CAUGGGCUCUGCUAUCUUGUG
    5024 2816 GCCUAUGUAACUGAUCUCUUU
    5025 2817 AAAGAGAAUAAACUGUUAACA
    5026 2818 AGUUAGACAUUGUUUAAUAUU
    5027 2819 ACCCACCAAGUAGCUAUCUAA
    5028 2820 GAUGCUAACUAAUGAAUAGGG
    5029 2821 CUAUUCCUAACUCAGGACAUU
    5030 2822 AGGAAGUUAUCCUUUGGUUAG
    5031 2823 AUGGUGAGGUGUAAGGCUUGC
    5032 2824 UCUGGGCGCUCUUUCUCCUUC
    5033 2825 AGCUCACCACAACCUCCGCCU
    5034 2826 UCAGUUAGACAUUGUUUAAUA
    5035 2827 CAGUCUUUGUCCAUAUGCAUU
    5036 2828 UUCAUCCUCAGUGGAGGAGCC
    5037 2829 ACUGUAAAUGAAUUGGAAGGC
    5038 2830 AGUAAAUGAUGAUUAAUGUAU
    5039 2831 AGUAAUAAAGCUCAUAUUAGA
    5040 2832 UCCUAGGUUCAGAACCUGAAC
    5041 2833 AUGCUACAAGUUGUAUAGAAU
    5042 2834 GAUACAAUUCUGAUAAACAAU
    5043 2835 CAGAGGGCAGACAACCUGUUU
    5044 2836 GCUUGCAGGCACUCUCUGCAG
    5045 2837 AGUCACCACCUCAGGUGCCAU
    5046 2838 CUGCCCUGCAUGCUCUGCGCU
    5047 2839 GGGACCAUCCACUAACUCCCA
    5048 2840 CAUUAGUAGCUACAGGAUUCU
    5049 2841 AGGCAAUAUCUGCAACAGAUG
    5050 2842 AGGAUUAAUUUAGGUAUCAUU
    5051 2843 GAUUCAACCACAGAACGAGUA
    5052 2844 CAUCACAUUGGGUAAGGAGUU
    5053 2845 UGUUGACUGUUUCUUUGGAAU
    5054 2846 ACAAAUGCUGAAUUUCAGUCC
    5055 2847 UGAGUAUAAUCCCAGUAGACA
    5056 2848 UGUGCUGAGUUCACUUCAAAU
    5057 2849 ACCACCCUAACACAACUGAUU
    5058 2850 CUACUCUCAGAAGAUUCAGGA
    5059 2851 CAAAGCUUGCAGGCACUCUCU
    5060 2852 GAAACAACUUUCUGUAAUUUA
  • TABLE 7
    Results for TRNP1. Score threshold: 70. 
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA guide strand/
    NO siRNA_id AS Sequence
    5061   1 UUUAAUGAGGAAGACUUCCUG
    5062   2 UCAAUUCUCAACGUCUUCCUG
    5063   3 UUGUUUAAGAAUGAUGACGAU
    5064   4 UAAUCUGAUUGCAUCUCAGGG
    5065   5 UUAGACUUGAAGCAAUGACAU
    5066   6 UUAAUGAGGAAGACUUCCUGA
    5067   7 UAAUUCAAUAUACAUUCACUA
    5068   8 UAUGGAAAUUUAUUCCUCCUG
    5069   9 AACGAAACUAAAUACAAGCUG
    5070  10 UAGAGUGGAGGUUCUGAGGAG
    5071  11 AUGCUUGCUACGCUUAAUCUG
    5072  12 UGUAGCAACAUCUCCAAUUGU
    5073  13 UAGGAGUCAAGGUCGGAGUUG
    5074  14 UUAAUCUGAUUGCAUCUCAGG
    5075  15 UAAUGAGGAAGACUUCCUGAG
    5076  16 UAAGGCAGGAGACUAAUUCAA
    5077  17 AUCCGUAGUCCUUCCAGCCGG
    5078  18 UAGACUUGAAGCAAUGACAUC
    5079  19 UGUAAGGUCAAUUCUCAACGU
    5080  20 AACAUCUCCAAUUGUACAGUG
    5081  21 UAUAUGAAGAAAUUCAGAGCA
    5082  22 AAUCUGAUUGCAUCUCAGGGA
    5083  23 UCAAUAUACAUUCACUAUGCA
    5084  24 ACUAAAUACAAGCUGCUCCAG
    5085  25 AAUUCUACAAGUUCUGGGCUA
    5086  26 UUGGUCUGCAAAUCAAAGUCA
    5087  27 UGCAGAAUUCUACAAGUUCUG
    5088  28 UGAAGCAAUGACAUCUAUUAA
    5089  29 UGGUCUGCAAAUCAAAGUCAA
    5090  30 UUAUGGAAAUUUAUUCCUCCU
    5091  31 UAUACAUUCACUAUGCAGAAU
    5092  32 UCACUAUGCAGAAUUCUACAA
    5093  33 UUGCAUCUCAGGGACCUGUAG
    5094  34 AGGAUGACCACAGCACACCCG
    5095  35 UAAAGUGAAAGGCUCCUGUGA
    5096  36 AAGAAUGAUGACGAUAUCUUG
    5097  37 AUAGACACAGAGGAAAGGCAG
    5098  38 UGAAGAAAUUCAGAGCAUCAG
    5099  39 UGAUUGCAUCUCAGGGACCUG
    5100  40 UUAUCAGGAUGUUUAAAUGUG
    5101  41 ACUUGAAGCAAUGACAUCUAU
    5102  42 AUAUGAAGAAAUUCAGAGCAU
    5103  43 UCGGUCGGUCGGCACCUCGGC
    5104  44 AUCCAUAGAGUGGAGGUUCUG
    5105  45 AAUCCAGAGGUCCAGAUCCAU
    5106  46 UGCAAAUCAAAGUCAACAGGG
    5107  47 UCUUCCUGAAGGCAGUGCCCA
    5108  48 UACAAGCUGCUCCAGGAACCG
    5109  49 UUGAAGCAAUGACAUCUAUUA
    5110  50 AAGGUCAAUUCUCAACGUCUU
    5111  51 AUAUACAUUCACUAUGCAGAA
    5112  52 UCAACGUCUUCCUGAAGGCAG
    5113  53 AAGCCGAAUCCAGAGGUCCAG
    5114  54 AUGAGGAAGACUUCCUGAGGA
    5115  55 AUCACAUCCUUUAAUGAGGAA
    5116  56 UCCUGCGGAUCCGUAGUCCUU
    5117  57 UUGGAAGGAGCUCAGCCUCCU
    5118  58 AUAGAGUGGAGGUUCUGAGGA
    5119  59 AAUCAAAGUCAACAGGGCCAG
    5120  60 AAAUACAAGCUGCUCCAGGAA
    5121  61 UCAGUCGGUCGGUCGGCACCU
    5122  62 ACAAGCUGCUCCAGGAACCGU
    5123  63 UGAGGAAGACUUCCUGAGGAG
    5124  64 AAAGUGAACCUCAGAACCCCA
    5125  65 CAAUUGUACAGUGUAAGCCAA
    5126  66 ACCUCGGCGAAGCUUGUCGGG
    5127  67 UGGAAAUUUAUUCCUCCUGAA
    5128  68 UAAGAAUGAUGACGAUAUCUU
    5129  69 UUAAGAAUGAUGACGAUAUCU
    5130  70 UAAAUACAAGCUGCUCCAGGA
    5131  71 AAUUUAUUCCUCCUGAAUGUA
    5132  72 ACUAAUUCAAUAUACAUUCAC
    5133  73 AACGUCUUCCUGAAGGCAGUG
    5134  74 AACUAAAUACAAGCUGCUCCA
    5135  75 UCCUCCUGAAUGUAUAAGGCA
    5136  76 AUUCAAUAUACAUUCACUAUG
    5137  77 AAUUCAAUAUACAUUCACUAU
    5138  78 UAAUAGACACAGAGGAAAGGC
    5139  79 UAUGCAGAAUUCUACAAGUUC
    5140  80 AUCUCCAAUUGUACAGUGUAA
    5141  81 CAAUAUACAUUCACUAUGCAG
    5142  82 UUGCUACGCUUAAUCUGAUUG
    5143  83 CUUAAUCUGAUUGCAUCUCAG
    5144  84 UUCACUAUGCAGAAUUCUACA
    5145  85 ACCGUCAACUUAAAGAGCCAU
    5146  86 UUCCUGCGGAUCCGUAGUCCU
    5147  87 AUUCUCAACGUCUUCCUGAAG
    5148  88 UCAAGGGAGAAUUGGUCUGCA
    5149  89 UGCGGAUCCGUAGUCCUUCCA
    5150  90 UCUGCAAAUCAAAGUCAACAG
    5151  91 UUGCCUUACAUUAUGGAAAUU
    5152  92 AGCUGCUCCAGGAACCGUCAA
    5153  93 AACCGUCAACUUAAAGAGCCA
    5154  94 UGCUCCAGGAACCGUCAACUU
    5155  95 UGCCUCUUCCUGCGGAUCCGU
    5156  96 ACCUGUAGCAACAUCUCCAAU
    5157  97 UCCAGCUCCGACACCAGGCGC
    5158  98 UCUGCGGCUGUAGGUGCGCAG
    5159  99 AAUUCUCAACGUCUUCCUGAA
    5160 100 AGAAAUUCAGAGCAUCAGCCA
    5161 101 UAUUCCUCCUGAAUGUAUAAG
    5162 102 UGGAGAACAAGGGCAGUGGAU
    5163 103 UUAAGAAUGUUGUUUAAGAAU
    5164 104 UAAGGUCAAUUCUCAACGUCU
    5165 105 GACCUGUAGCAACAUCUCCAA
    5166 106 UGCAGCUGCAGCACGCGGCUC
    5167 107 CAGAAUUCUACAAGUUCUGGG
    5168 108 AUGUUGUUUAAGAAUGAUGAC
    5169 109 UGCUUGCUACGCUUAAUCUGA
    5170 110 UUCAAUAUACAUUCACUAUGC
    5171 111 UAGCAACAUCUCCAAUUGUAC
    5172 112 UCCAAUUGUACAGUGUAAGCC
    5173 113 UUAUUCCUCCUGAAUGUAUAA
    5174 114 UUCUUGAGGCGCGACCCGUGA
    5175 115 UGUUGUUUAAGAAUGAUGACG
    5176 116 AAAGUGAAAGGCUCCUGUGAG
    5177 117 AAAUCAAAGUCAACAGGGCCA
    5178 118 AGAAUGUUGUUUAAGAAUGAU
    5179 119 UGGAGGUUCUGAGGAGUUGGA
    5180 120 ACAUUAUGGAAAUUUAUUCCU
    5181 121 AUCUGAUUGCAUCUCAGGGAC
    5182 122 UAUGAAGAAAUUCAGAGCAUC
    5183 123 UUACAUUAUGGAAAUUUAUUC
    5184 124 AAUGAUGACGAUAUCUUGAAA
    5185 125 ACAUCUCCAAUUGUACAGUGU
    5186 126 UGGAGGUCAGCGCUGCGGGGA
    5187 127 GAAAUUCAGAGCAUCAGCCAG
    5188 128 UCCACCUCCAGCAGCCGCCGC
    5189 129 UCUUGAGGCGCGACCCGUGAG
    5190 130 UGCAUUUGCCUUACAUUAUGG
    5191 131 AUGCAUUUGCCUUACAUUAUG
    5192 132 UACAUUAUGGAAAUUUAUUCC
    5193 133 UGUAAAGUGAAAGGCUCCUGU
    5194 134 UCCGUAGUCCUUCCAGCCGGC
    5195 135 AAACGAAACUAAAUACAAGCU
    5196 136 UCUCCAAUUGUACAGUGUAAG
    5197 137 UCCGCGAUCAGUCGGUCGGUC
    5198 138 UGGAAGGAGCUCAGCCUCCUC
    5199 139 AUAAUAGACACAGAGGAAAGG
    5200 140 AUGGAAAUUUAUUCCUCCUGA
    5201 141 UCUUCCUGCGGAUCCGUAGUC
    5202 142 AUUGCAUCUCAGGGACCUGUA
    5203 143 UCCUGAAUGUAUAAGGCAGGA
    5204 144 UUCUCAACGUCUUCCUGAAGG
    5205 145 AGAAUGAUGACGAUAUCUUGA
    5206 146 AUUAUCAGGAUGUUUAAAUGU
    5207 147 UCCGUCAUCACAUCCUUUAAU
    5208 148 CACCCGAACAGCUAGACACGG
    5209 149 AAUAGACACAGAGGAAAGGCA
    5210 150 UCCUUUAAUGAGGAAGACUUC
    5211 151 GUAAGGUCAAUUCUCAACGUC
    5212 152 UUCUACAAGUUCUGGGCUAUG
    5213 153 AUGCAGAAUUCUACAAGUUCU
    5214 154 UCCCUCAAACAGGCCUCCCGG
    5215 155 UUCCUGAAGGCAGUGCCCAGG
    5216 156 GUAGCAACAUCUCCAAUUGUA
    5217 157 UUUAUUCCUCCUGAAUGUAUA
    5218 158 AUUCACUAUGCAGAAUUCUAC
    5219 159 ACAUUCACUAUGCAGAAUUCU
    5220 160 UACGCUUAAUCUGAUUGCAUC
    5221 161 CAAUUCUCAACGUCUUCCUGA
    5222 162 UCCGACACCAGGCGCCGGCGG
    5223 163 CACAGCACACCCGAACAGCUA
    5224 164 UCCCACGUGGAGAACAAGGGC
    5225 165 AAUGAGGAAGACUUCCUGAGG
    5226 166 ACAAGCACACUCCCACGUGGA
    5227 167 UCCAGAUCCAUAGAGUGGAGG
    5228 168 AAGAAUGUUGUUUAAGAAUGA
    5229 169 CUAUGCAGAAUUCUACAAGUU
    5230 170 UUCCUCCUGAAUGUAUAAGGC
    5231 171 UGAGGAGUUGGAAGGAGCUCA
    5232 172 UCCAUAGAGUGGAGGUUCUGA
    5233 173 UGUUUAAGAAUGAUGACGAUA
    5234 174 UUUAAGAAUGAUGACGAUAUC
    5235 175 AUGUAUAAGGCAGGAGACUAA
    5236 176 CUACGCUUAAUCUGAUUGCAU
    5237 177 UCCUGGUCCUCGGCCGCGCCU
    5238 178 ACUUGCAAAGUGAACCUCAGA
    5239 179 AUUGGUCUGCAAAUCAAAGUC
    5240 180 CAUCUCAGGGACCUGUAGCAA
    5241 181 UGAGGCGCGACCCGUGAGCCG
    5242 182 UAGGUGCGCAGGGAGGAUGAC
    5243 183 AGUCGGUCGGUCGGCACCUCG
    5244 184 AAACUAAAUACAAGCUGCUCC
    5245 185 CAGAGGUCCAGAUCCAUAGAG
    5246 186 UCCAUUAUCAGGAUGUUUAAA
    5247 187 ACAGCACACCCGAACAGCUAG
    5248 188 UAAGAAUGUUGUUUAAGAAUG
    5249 189 AGUUGGAAGGAGCUCAGCCUC
    5250 190 UCAGGUCAAGGGAGAAUUGGU
    5251 191 UGCGGCUGUAGGUGCGCAGGG
    5252 192 UCCUGUGAGGAGGGCGCUGGG
    5253 193 UCACAUCCUUUAAUGAGGAAG
    5254 194 AUUCUACAAGUUCUGGGCUAU
    5255 195 AUUUAUUCCUCCUGAAUGUAU
    5256 196 UCGGUCGGCACCUCGGCGAAG
    5257 197 GAAACUAAAUACAAGCUGCUC
    5258 198 GUCCGCGAUCAGUCGGUCGGU
    5259 199 UCUGAGGAGUUGGAAGGAGCU
    5260 200 UGAAUGUAUAAGGCAGGAGAC
    5261 201 UCCAGGAACCGUCAACUUAAA
    5262 202 UAGACACAGAGGAAAGGCAGC
    5263 203 AGCUCCGACACCAGGCGCCGG
    5264 204 AAAUUUAUUCCUCCUGAAUGU
    5265 205 ACCUCUGCUCUGCCGUCCCCU
    5266 206 UUGCAAAGUGAACCUCAGAAC
    5267 207 UGCAGCUCCUGGUCCUCGGCC
    5268 208 CUGUAAAGUGAAAGGCUCCUG
    5269 209 UGAAAGGCUCCUGUGAGGAGG
    5270 210 AUGAUGACGAUAUCUUGAAAA
    5271 211 AUCCUUUAAUGAGGAAGACUU
    5272 212 AUUAUGGAAAUUUAUUCCUCC
    5273 213 AAUGUAUAAGGCAGGAGACUA
    5274 214 AGACUUGAAGCAAUGACAUCU
    5275 215 UAUAAGGCAGGAGACUAAUUC
    5276 216 AGGUCAAUUCUCAACGUCUUC
    5277 217 GAAUUCUACAAGUUCUGGGCU
    5278 218 AGAAUUGGUCUGCAAAUCAAA
    5279 219 CAAAGUGAACCUCAGAACCCC
    5280 220 GAGAAUUGGUCUGCAAAUCAA
    5281 221 AGGAACCGUCAACUUAAAGAG
    5282 222 ACAGAGGAAAGGCAGCAAGGG
    5283 223 CUGCAAAUCAAAGUCAACAGG
    5284 224 UCAGGGACCUGUAGCAACAUC
    5285 225 UCAUCACAUCCUUUAAUGAGG
    5286 226 CAGACUAUCUUUCUGAGGGGC
    5287 227 UUUGCCUUACAUUAUGGAAAU
    5288 228 AGAAUUCUACAAGUUCUGGGC
    5289 229 GAUCCGUAGUCCUUCCAGCCG
    5290 230 UACAUUCACUAUGCAGAAUUC
    5291 231 AGCAGACUAUCUUUCUGAGGG
    5292 232 CUGUGAGUCAGGUCAAGGGAG
    5293 233 ACUGUAAAGUGAAAGGCUCCU
    5294 234 GACUUGAAGCAAUGACAUCUA
    5295 235 CACUUGCAAAGUGAACCUCAG
    5296 236 CAGAUCCAUAGAGUGGAGGUU
    5297 237 CUCAACGUCUUCCUGAAGGCA
    5298 238 AGGUCCAGAUCCAUAGAGUGG
    5299 239 GUCAUCACAUCCUUUAAUGAG
    5300 240 AGCUCAGCCUCCUCUACUGGG
    5301 241 AGAACAAGGGCAGUGGAUGAA
    5302 242 GCAGACUAUCUUUCUGAGGGG
    5303 243 UCAGCCUCCUCUACUGGGCCC
    5304 244 CAUCUCCAAUUGUACAGUGUA
    5305 245 CAGUCGGUCGGUCGGCACCUC
    5306 246 GUAGGAGUCAAGGUCGGAGUU
    5307 247 AAGGCAGCAAGGGCACUUGCA
    5308 248 AAUAUACAUUCACUAUGCAGA
    5309 249 UAGUCCUUCCAGCCGGCGUCC
    5310 250 AGCAAGGGCACUUGCAAAGUG
    5311 251 AAAGGCUCCUGUGAGGAGGGC
    5312 252 UCUCCAGCUCCGACACCAGGC
    5313 253 UCCUCGGCCGCGCCUGCUGAA
    5314 254 GUAAAGUGAAAGGCUCCUGUG
    5315 255 UGGUCCUCGGCCGCGCCUGCU
    5316 256 UCUCAACGUCUUCCUGAAGGC
    5317 257 UCCCUCCAUUAUCAGGAUGUU
    5318 258 CAUUAUGGAAAUUUAUUCCUC
    5319 259 AUAAGGCAGGAGACUAAUUCA
    5320 260 UGCUACGCUUAAUCUGAUUGC
    5321 261 ACAUCCUUUAAUGAGGAAGAC
    5322 262 AAUUGGUCUGCAAAUCAAAGU
    5323 263 GAUGACCACAGCACACCCGAA
    5324 264 ACCUCCAGCAGCCGCCGCCGU
    5325 265 CAAGGGAGAAUUGGUCUGCAA
    5326 266 UGCGGCGGAAGGGCGAGUCGG
    5327 267 AGUUCUCCAGAACCAGCCCCU
    5328 268 UCAGGCUCUCCGCGCGGUGCG
    5329 269 UGUAUAAGGCAGGAGACUAAU
    5330 270 UGUGAGUCAGGUCAAGGGAGA
    5331 271 CAACAUCUCCAAUUGUACAGU
    5332 272 UCCUUCCAGCCGGCGUCCGCG
    5333 273 AAGAAAUUCAGAGCAUCAGCC
    5334 274 GACCACAGCACACCCGAACAG
    5335 275 AAAGCCGAAUCCAGAGGUCCA
    5336 276 UCUGAUUGCAUCUCAGGGACC
    5337 277 GCAACAUCUCCAAUUGUACAG
    5338 278 GUCAAUUCUCAACGUCUUCCU
    5339 279 AGCUCCUGGUCCUCGGCCGCG
    5340 280 ACAAGGGCAGUGGAUGAAGGG
    5341 281 AAUGUUGUUUAAGAAUGAUGA
    5342 282 AGGGACCUGUAGCAACAUCUC
    5343 283 UGUAGGUGCGCAGGGAGGAUG
    5344 284 GUUCUGAGGAGUUGGAAGGAG
    5345 285 AUACAUUCACUAUGCAGAAUU
    5346 286 ACACCCGAACAGCUAGACACG
    5347 287 CUGAGGAGUUGGAAGGAGCUC
    5348 288 AGACACAGAGGAAAGGCAGCA
    5349 289 AGUCAAGGUCGGAGUUGGGGG
    5350 290 CUAAAUACAAGCUGCUCCAGG
    5351 291 AGCGCUGCAGCUCCUGGUCCU
    5352 292 UCCAGAGGUCCAGAUCCAUAG
    5353 293 ACGUGGAGAACAAGGGCAGUG
    5354 294 CAUCACAUCCUUUAAUGAGGA
    5355 295 CGAAACUAAAUACAAGCUGCU
    5356 296 AGUCCUUCCAGCCGGCGUCCG
    5357 297 AAGUGAAAGGCUCCUGUGAGG
    5358 298 AAGGAGCUCAGCCUCCUCUAC
    5359 299 AGUGGAGGUUCUGAGGAGUUG
    5360 300 GGACCUGUAGCAACAUCUCCA
    5361 301 ACGCUUAAUCUGAUUGCAUCU
    5362 302 CUCAGGGACCUGUAGCAACAU
    5363 303 GGCACUUGCAAAGUGAACCUC
    5364 304 CACCUCGGCGAAGCUUGUCGG
    5365 305 AAGGCUCCUGUGAGGAGGGCG
    5366 306 UCUACAAGUUCUGGGCUAUGU
    5367 307 AGCUGCGUCCGGCAGCGGCGG
    5368 308 AAGCUGCUCCAGGAACCGUCA
    5369 309 AAUGCUUGCUACGCUUAAUCU
    5370 310 CUUGCUACGCUUAAUCUGAUU
    5371 311 AGGAAGACUUCCUGAGGAGGG
    5372 312 CCAAUUGUACAGUGUAAGCCA
    5373 313 CACUAUGCAGAAUUCUACAAG
    5374 314 CUUGAAGCAAUGACAUCUAUU
    5375 315 GUGGAGGUCAGCGCUGCGGGG
    5376 316 AGCAACAUCUCCAAUUGUACA
    5377 317 ACGAAACUAAAUACAAGCUGC
    5378 318 AAGGGCGAGUCGGGCUCGGGG
    5379 319 UAAGAGCAGGCGGCUGUGAGU
    5380 320 UCCAGCAGCCGCCGCCGUGCU
    5381 321 AAGGGCAGUGGAUGAAGGGAA
    5382 322 AGUGGAUGAAGGGAACGGGGA
    5383 323 CUGAUUGCAUCUCAGGGACCU
    5384 324 AUUUGCCUUACAUUAUGGAAA
    5385 325 AAACAGGCCUCCCGGCGCCGU
    5386 326 UCAAACAGGCCUCCCGGCGCC
    5387 327 AAGCACACUCCCACGUGGAGA
    5388 328 AAGGGAGAAUUGGUCUGCAAA
    5389 329 GAAUGAUGACGAUAUCUUGAA
  • TABLE 8
    Results for APLN. Score threshold: 70. 
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA guide strand/
    NO siRNA_id AS Sequence
    5390   1 UUACAAACAUUGAACACAGGG
    5391   2 UUUACAAACAUUGAACACAGG
    5392   3 UUUCUUAAUGAACAGGGCCUU
    5393   4 AUAUUUACACAGAACAAUCUU
    5394   5 UAUUUACACAGAACAAUCUUU
    5395   6 UAGUAUAAGAAUCAUAAACAA
    5396   7 UAUAAAGACAUAUUUACACAG
    5397   8 UACAAACAUUGAACACAGGGG
    5398   9 UUCAUCAAGCAACUCUACUUU
    5399  10 UAGGUCUCCAAAGUCAGUCCA
    5400  11 UAUCUUUGUAUAAAUUAGUAU
    5401  12 UUAUAUUGAACUCUUUGCAUU
    5402  13 UUGACCUAGAACCGAUUUGGG
    5403  14 AUAAGAAUCAUAAACAACCAC
    5404  15 UCUUGUCUUCUCUUUCUCCCU
    5405  16 UAACUAGAGUCUCUCCUUGCU
    5406  17 UAUUAGAGUACCCUGGGUCUG
    5407  18 UAUCAAAUGUAUUUAUUGCUG
    5408  19 UCUUAACUAGAGUCUCUCCUU
    5409  20 ACAAUCUUUACAAACAUUGAA
    5410  21 UUCUUCAAAUGACACUGCCAA
    5411  22 UAUAAGAAUCAUAAACAACCA
    5412  23 AACUAGAGUCUCUCCUUGCUU
    5413  24 AUGUUCUUAAAUAAACUGCUU
    5414  25 UUUAAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAG
    5415  26 AACAGGACAGUUCACAGCCAG
    5416  27 UUAUGGAACCUUCCAGCCCAG
    5417  28 UGGAGGAGACAUAACCGCCGG
    5418  29 AAUCAUCCAAACUACAGCCAG
    5419  30 UUUAUUAUAAAGACAUAUUUA
    5420  31 AUAAAUUAGUAUAAGAAUCAU
    5421  32 UAUAUUGAACUCUUUGCAUUU
    5422  33 UUCUGUUCCUUUGCUUUCUUU
    5423  34 UUAACUGAGCAAACGCUGAUG
    5424  35 UACACAGAACAAUCUUUACAA
    5425  36 UAAAGACAUAUUUACACAGAA
    5426  37 ACAAACAUUGAACACAGGGGA
    5427  38 UCUAACAUUCUGUGAUUCUUG
    5428  39 UGAGCCUUUAAGCAGCAGCAG
    5429  40 UUAUCAAAUGUAUUUAUUGCU
    5430  41 UAUGUUCUUAAAUAAACUGCU
    5431  42 UACAAACAAAGUCAUUAUCAA
    5432  43 UAAAUUAGUAUAAGAAUCAUA
    5433  44 UCAUCAAGCAACUCUACUUUG
    5434  45 UGUUCUUAAAUAAACUGCUUU
    5435  46 UUGAGCGGUAGUCUCAGUGCC
    5436  47 UAAGUGACCUUCAAGGGUCCU
    5437  48 UCUUCUGUUCCCUAUCUCCCA
    5438  49 UUACACAGAACAAUCUUUACA
    5439  50 UUAACUAGAGUCUCUCCUUGC
    5440  51 UUCUCUUUCUCCCUCCUGGGA
    5441  52 AACAAUUUCUUAAUGAACAGG
    5442  53 UAUUGAACUCUUUGCAUUUUA
    5443  54 UCAGCUCUAACAUUCUGUGAU
    5444  55 AGAAUCAUAAACAACCACUUU
    5445  56 UGACCUAGAACCGAUUUGGGA
    5446  57 UUGUGAGAGAACGGGAAUCAU
    5447  58 UUCCCUUCCUUCUUCUCCCCU
    5448  59 UCAAGCAACUCUACUUUGUGA
    5449  60 UUCCUGCUGCACUUCCUCCCA
    5450  61 AUCUUUACAAACAUUGAACAC
    5451  62 UUGGGAGGCACACUAAGGCAA
    5452  63 UUGUAUAAAUUAGUAUAAGAA
    5453  64 UUCCAGCCCAUUCCCAUCGGG
    5454  65 UCUUUCUUUCCUUCCUUCUGU
    5455  66 AUAGCAGAAGACACCCACCAA
    5456  67 UCAGGCUCUUGUCUUCUCUUU
    5457  68 UAAACAACCACUUUAAAUAAG
    5458  69 UGUCAGCUCUAACAUUCUGUG
    5459  70 UUCUUAAAUAAACUGCUUUAA
    5460  71 UAAUAUCUUUGUAUAAAUUAG
    5461  72 AUGGAGGAGACAUAACCGCCG
    5462  73 UUAAGCAUAGGGAUUCAUUUU
    5463  74 UUAAUAUCUUUGUAUAAAUUA
    5464  75 AUAUUGAACUCUUUGCAUUUU
    5465  76 UCUACCUCUCCCUUAACUGAG
    5466  77 AUAUCUUUGUAUAAAUUAGUA
    5467  78 AUCAAGCAACUCUACUUUGUG
    5468  79 UCAAAUGUAUUUAUUGCUGAA
    5469  80 UAGCAGAAGACACCCACCAAG
    5470  81 UCCUGCUGCACUUCCUCCCAU
    5471  82 UCUCCCAGCUUUCUUAGCCAU
    5472  83 AAGAAUCAUAAACAACCACUU
    5473  84 AUCUUUCUUUCCUUCCUUCUG
    5474  85 AUUCUUGUGAGAGAACGGGAA
    5475  86 AUUUACACAGAACAAUCUUUA
    5476  87 AUUCUUCAAAUGACACUGCCA
    5477  88 UUGUCUUCUCUUUCUCCCUCC
    5478  89 UCAGGCUAUCUCAUUCAUCAA
    5479  90 UUCUUAAUGAACAGGGCCUUA
    5480  91 UUAGAGUACCCUGGGUCUGGG
    5481  92 UGGAGCUUGGGCUAGCUGGGG
    5482  93 UAGAGUACCCUGGGUCUGGGA
    5483  94 UGGACUGGACGGAUUCUUGUG
    5484  95 UUGAAGGCUACCUCGGACUCC
    5485  96 UCUGCAAUGACUCUGAGCAGG
    5486  97 UCAAGGGUCCUGUCAGCUCUA
    5487  98 UAAGCAUAGGGAUUCAUUUUG
    5488  99 UUGCCUAAGAAGGCUAAGUGA
    5489 100 UUUCCUUCCUUCUGUUCCUUU
    5490 101 UGAGCGGUAGUCUCAGUGCCU
    5491 102 CUUAACUAGAGUCUCUCCUUG
    5492 103 UUUACACAGAACAAUCUUUAC
    5493 104 UAGUCUCAGUGCCUGAGCCGC
    5494 105 UCUAUGGAGGAGACAUAACCG
    5495 106 UUCAAGGGUCCUGUCAGCUCU
    5496 107 UAUGGAGGAGACAUAACCGCC
    5497 108 UGUGACCUGGUCAUUAAGCAU
    5498 109 UUCUGCAGCCUCCUCUCCCGC
    5499 110 UUUCUUUCCUUCCUUCUGUUC
    5500 111 UAAGGGCGAACUGUCAGCUUU
    5501 112 UGAGAGAACGGGAAUCAUCCA
    5502 113 AUGCAGGCACUUACCUCCCUG
    5503 114 UGACCCUCUGGGCUGCACCAG
    5504 115 UCAUUCAUCAAGCAACUCUAC
    5505 116 UAACUGUUUAUUAUAAAGACA
    5506 117 AUUCAUCAAGCAACUCUACUU
    5507 118 UUCCUUCUGUUCCUUUGCUUU
    5508 119 AUCAAAUGUAUUUAUUGCUGA
    5509 120 UAGAACCGAUUUGGGAUGCAG
    5510 121 AAGUAGGAGAUGGGAGACCUG
    5511 122 UAAGAAUCAUAAACAACCACU
    5512 123 UAGCCCACCCACUACCCUCUU
    5513 124 AUCAGGCUCUUGUCUUCUCUU
    5514 125 UUUCCUCCGACCUCCCUGCCA
    5515 126 UUGGGCAUCAGGCUCUUGUCU
    5516 127 AACAAUCUUUACAAACAUUGA
    5517 128 UCUUUACAAACAUUGAACACA
    5518 129 UGUCUUCUCUUUCUCCCUCCU
    5519 130 UCAUUAAGCAUAGGGAUUCAU
    5520 131 UUAAUCAGUAUGUUCUUAAAU
    5521 132 UACCUCUCCCUUAACUGAGCA
    5522 133 AUUUCUUAAUGAACAGGGCCU
    5523 134 UCCCUUAACUGAGCAAACGCU
    5524 135 UUAAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGC
    5525 136 UUAUAAAGACAUAUUUACACA
    5526 137 UCUUUGUAUAAAUUAGUAUAA
    5527 138 UUGGGAUGCAGGCACUUACCU
    5528 139 UGAGCAAACGCUGAUGCUCCA
    5529 140 UAGAGUCUCUCCUUGCUUUUC
    5530 141 AAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAG
    5531 142 AGUGACAAAGGACUUCACGGG
    5532 143 AAGAGAAGUGACAAAGGACUU
    5533 144 UUCAUGCUGCUCCUUGGGCCG
    5534 145 UGCUGCACUUCCUCCCAUCUU
    5535 146 UCUCAUUCAUCAAGCAACUCU
    5536 147 AUCUCAUUCAUCAAGCAACUC
    5537 148 AAUUUCUUAAUGAACAGGGCC
    5538 149 AGUAUGUUCUUAAAUAAACUG
    5539 150 UAAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCA
    5540 151 AGACAUAUUUACACAGAACAA
    5541 152 UUAGAUGAGACAGGCAGGGAC
    5542 153 UGAACAGGGCCUUAAUAUCUU
    5543 154 AUAAAGACAUAUUUACACAGA
    5544 155 ACACAGAACAAUCUUUACAAA
    5545 156 UAGGACACCCAAACAGAUGCC
    5546 157 UCCUCCCAUCUUUCUUUCCUU
    5547 158 UAGGAGAUGGGAGACCUGGUC
    5548 159 UGAACAUGACCUCCAAGAGUA
    5549 160 UGCAAUGACUCUGAGCAGGUC
    5550 161 UCUCCAAAGUCAGUCCAGGGA
    5551 162 AGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCGUU
    5552 163 UUCAGAAAGGCAUGGGUCCCU
    5553 164 UCUUUCCUUCCUUCUGUUCCU
    5554 165 AGUGAUUGAAGGCUACCUCGG
    5555 166 AUUCCUUGACCCUCUGGGCUG
    5556 167 UAAGGCAAGAGAAGUGACAAA
    5557 168 UUCCCUCCUUCCUUCUGCCCU
    5558 169 UGGAACCUUCCAGCCCAGCUG
    5559 170 AGAACAAUCUUUACAAACAUU
    5560 171 UCUUCUCUUUCUCCCUCCUGG
    5561 172 UUCCUUCCUUCUGUUCCUUUG
    5562 173 UUAUUAUAAAGACAUAUUUAC
    5563 174 UCUACUUUGUGAAACAUAAAA
    5564 175 UGCACGUGCAAUAUGUGGGCA
    5565 176 UUCCUCCCAUCUUUCUUUCCU
    5566 177 AACUCUACUUUGUGAAACAUA
    5567 178 UUCUUGUGAGAGAACGGGAAU
    5568 179 UCUCUGCAUUCUUCCCUGGAG
    5569 180 ACAAUUUCUUAAUGAACAGGG
    5570 181 AUAAACAACCACUUUAAAUAA
    5571 182 AGGUCUCCAAAGUCAGUCCAG
    5572 183 AGAAGCAGACCAAUCUAUGGA
    5573 184 AACAAAGUCAUUAUCAAAUGU
    5574 185 AUGCUCCACCCACUUCACCAG
    5575 186 AAUCAUAAACAACCACUUUAA
    5576 187 UGAUUGAAGGCUACCUCGGAC
    5577 188 UAAGAAGGCUAAGUGACCUUC
    5578 189 CAGAACAAUCUUUACAAACAU
    5579 190 AACUGAGCAAACGCUGAUGCU
    5580 191 CUCUUAACUAGAGUCUCUCCU
    5581 192 ACAACCACUUUAAAUAAGGCA
    5582 193 UAUAAAUUAGUAUAAGAAUCA
    5583 194 UUUCUCCCUCCUGGGAACCCU
    5584 195 UCUCUUUCUCCCUCCUGGGAA
    5585 196 UUUGCCUAAGAAGGCUAAGUG
    5586 197 UAUUCCUGCUGCACUUCCUCC
    5587 198 ACUAGAGUCUCUCCUUGCUUU
    5588 199 AAGAAGGGAGGCUUUCUGGGG
    5589 200 AUUGGGAGGCACACUAAGGCA
    5590 201 UUCUCCCUCCUGGGAACCCUG
    5591 202 UGGGUCUGGGAAUGCUGCCAG
    5592 203 UCAGGGACCCUCCACACACCG
    5593 204 UGAGUGUGCGCGCUGAGCCCC
    5594 205 AAGUGACAAAGGACUUCACGG
    5595 206 AAUAUCUUUGUAUAAAUUAGU
    5596 207 CUCUGCAAUGACUCUGAGCAG
    5597 208 CUUUCCUUCCUUCUGUUCCUU
    5598 209 AGAUUCAUGCUGCUCCUUGGG
    5599 210 CAACAGGACAGUUCACAGCCA
    5600 211 UUAGCAGCAGCAUAGGUAAAG
    5601 212 AACUGUUUAUUAUAAAGACAU
    5602 213 AAGUGACCUUCAAGGGUCCUG
    5603 214 UUCCUCCGACCUCCCUGCCAG
    5604 215 GUCUUCUCUUUCUCCCUCCUG
    5605 216 CUUAACUGAGCAAACGCUGAU
    5606 217 UAUUAUAAAGACAUAUUUACA
    5607 218 AUUCCCAUCGGGAAGCGGCAU
    5608 219 AUCAUAAACAACCACUUUAAA
    5609 220 UAUUGGGAGGCACACUAAGGC
    5610 221 AAGGCUACCUCGGACUCCUGA
    5611 222 GUGAUUGAAGGCUACCUCGGA
    5612 223 UCCCAUCUUUCUUUCCUUCCU
    5613 224 UCAUAAAGUAGGAGAUGGGAG
    5614 225 ACAAAGUCAUUAUCAAAUGUA
    5615 226 UGACCUUCAAGGGUCCUGUCA
    5616 227 AAAGUUGGGCAUCAGGCUCUU
    5617 228 ACUCUGAGCAGGUCACUCCCC
    5618 229 AUCUUUGUAUAAAUUAGUAUA
    5619 230 UGAUACAAACAAAGUCAUUAU
    5620 231 CUUCCUUCUGUUCCUUUGCUU
    5621 232 UCCUGGGAGGGUAUAUAGCCA
    5622 233 CAACUCUACUUUGUGAAACAU
    5623 234 UUUGUAUAAAUUAGUAUAAGA
    5624 235 CUUGUCUUCUCUUUCUCCCUC
    5625 236 UGGGAUGCAGGCACUUACCUC
    5626 237 UCUUCUGCAGCCUCCUCUCCC
    5627 238 AUGACCUCCAAGAGUAAGGGC
    5628 239 AAUUAGUAUAAGAAUCAUAAA
    5629 240 UGGGCAUCAGGCUCUUGUCUU
    5630 241 UCUCUACCUCUCCCUUAACUG
    5631 242 AUUAUAAAGACAUAUUUACAC
    5632 243 UAACUGAGCAAACGCUGAUGC
    5633 244 UCAUCAAGAGGGAAGAGGGCG
    5634 245 UCUGUUCCUUUGCUUUCUUUU
    5635 246 AUCUCCCAGCUUUCUUAGCCA
    5636 247 UGCUGGAGCCCACAGAAGGGA
    5637 248 UUCUGGGCACCGACCAGUCCC
    5638 249 UGGAUAGGCAAACAUUGGGGC
    5639 250 UCCGCUCUUCUGCAGCCUCCU
    5640 251 UGACCUCCAAGAGUAAGGGCG
    5641 252 UAGGUCAGGGAGGUGGGAGCA
    5642 253 AAGUUGGGCAUCAGGCUCUUG
    5643 254 AUUAGGACACCCAAACAGAUG
    5644 255 UUUAAUCAGUAUGUUCUUAAA
    5645 256 UUAAUGAACAGGGCCUUAAUA
    5646 257 GUCAGCUCUAACAUUCUGUGA
    5647 258 CCUGUCAGCUCUAACAUUCUG
    5648 259 ACCUCUUAACUAGAGUCUCUC
    5649 260 UCAACACGAAGGGAAGGCCAU
    5650 261 CUAUGGAGGAGACAUAACCGC
    5651 262 UCCAAGAGUAAGGGCGAACUG
    5652 263 CUUCUGUUCCCUAUCUCCCAG
    5653 264 AAUGACUCUGAGCAGGUCACU
    5654 265 ACAAACAAAGUCAUUAUCAAA
    5655 266 AUUCCUGCUGCACUUCCUCCC
    5656 267 ACCGCGGUCAAGGAGAGCCAG
    5657 268 GAAUCAUCCAAACUACAGCCA
    5658 269 UACAGCAGGUGCGAGGUGAGA
    5659 270 AGGAAGGUCCGGUCAACACGA
    5660 271 AUGAUACAAACAAAGUCAUUA
    5661 272 CUUUACAAACAUUGAACACAG
    5662 273 UCAUGCUGCUCCUUGGGCCGC
    5663 274 AGCCCUGGAAGGAAGGUCCGG
    5664 275 UGAGAGCUGAAUGGACGUGAG
    5665 276 UUAAAUAAACUGCUUUAAAAA
    5666 277 ACAUUGCCGUCUUCCAGCCCA
    5667 278 AAUCUUUACAAACAUUGAACA
    5668 279 AUGACUCUGAGCAGGUCACUC
    5669 280 AUUAGAGUACCCUGGGUCUGG
    5670 281 AAACGCUGAUGCUCCACCCAC
    5671 282 AAGCAGACCAAUCUAUGGAGG
    5672 283 UCCUUCCUUCUGCCCUUCCCU
    5673 284 CUUUCUUUCCUUCCUUCUGUU
    5674 285 UUGACCCUCUGGGCUGCACCA
    5675 286 UUCCUUGACCCUCUGGGCUGC
    5676 287 AACAGGGCCUUAAUAUCUUUG
    5677 288 UUCCCUAUCUCCCAGCUUUCU
    5678 289 AUCAUCAAGAGGGAAGAGGGC
    5679 290 AUCGGGAAGCGGCAUCAGGGA
    5680 291 UGAAUGGACGUGAGGCCUCCA
    5681 292 CAUUUAAUCAGUAUGUUCUUA
    5682 293 AAGAGACUUUCUGGGCACCGA
    5683 294 UGAGACAGGCAGGGACUAGGG
    5684 295 AUGGACUGGACGGAUUCUUGU
    5685 296 AGAAGGCUAAGUGACCUUCAA
    5686 297 AAAGUCAUUAUCAAAUGUAUU
    5687 298 UGACCUGGUCAUUAAGCAUAG
    5688 299 AGCGUUAGCAGCAGCAUAGGU
    5689 300 UAGUAGCGAUCCUGCAUUUAA
    5690 301 GAACAAUUUCUUAAUGAACAG
    5691 302 AACAUGACCUCCAAGAGUAAG
    5692 303 UGAAGGCUACCUCGGACUCCU
    5693 304 CUGUCAGCUCUAACAUUCUGU
    5694 305 UGUAUAAAUUAGUAUAAGAAU
    5695 306 ACACACAAAGUUGGGCAUCAG
    5696 307 GAGAGAACGGGAAUCAUCCAA
    5697 308 UCCAGUGAUUGAAGGCUACCU
    5698 309 UAUCUCAUUCAUCAAGCAACU
    5699 310 AGAGUAAGGGCGAACUGUCAG
    5700 311 UCCCUCCUUCCUUCUGCCCUU
    5701 312 UCCUGCUUCAGAAAGGCAUGG
    5702 313 UUUCUGGGCACCGACCAGUCC
    5703 314 AGGCACUUCAUUUGCUUUGAA
    5704 315 UCUGCCCUUCCCUUCCUUCUU
    5705 316 CUAACAUUCUGUGAUUCUUGG
    5706 317 UAUCUCCCAGCUUUCUUAGCC
    5707 318 CAAGCAACUCUACUUUGUGAA
    5708 319 AACCGAUUUGGGAUGCAGGCA
    5709 320 AUACAAACAAAGUCAUUAUCA
    5710 321 UCCUUCUGCCCUUCCCUUCCU
    5711 322 ACAUGAGGAAGGAAGGCCCAA
    5712 323 GAAGGGAGCACUUCCACCCCG
    5713 324 GUAGUCUCAGUGCCUGAGCCG
    5714 325 UCCUGUCAGCUCUAACAUUCU
    5715 326 UCCCUAUCUCCCAGCUUUCUU
    5716 327 CUAAGAAGGCUAAGUGACCUU
    5717 328 AGGACACCCAAACAGAUGCCA
    5718 329 AAUCAGUAUGUUCUUAAAUAA
    5719 330 AGUUGACCUAGAACCGAUUUG
    5720 331 CAAACGCUGAUGCUCCACCCA
    5721 332 AGCAGCAGCAUAGGUAAAGGG
    5722 333 AACCUUCCAGCCCAGCUGGGG
    5723 334 CUGGUCAUUAAGCAUAGGGAU
    5724 335 UCAUAAACAACCACUUUAAAU
    5725 336 AGAGAAGUGACAAAGGACUUC
    5726 337 CAGAGCCGCAGAUUCAUGCUG
    5727 338 AAGGGAACAAUUUCUUAAUGA
    5728 339 CUAGAGUCUCUCCUUGCUUUU
    5729 340 UCAGAAAGGCAUGGGUCCCUU
    5730 341 UAGCGAUCCUGCAUUUAAUCA
    5731 342 UUCUGUUCCCUAUCUCCCAGC
    5732 343 UGGAGUCCAGUGAUUGAAGGC
    5733 344 AGUCAUUAUCAAAUGUAUUUA
    5734 345 GAAUCAUAAACAACCACUUUA
    5735 346 AGGUCCGGUCAACACGAAGGG
    5736 347 AGUUAUGGAACCUUCCAGCCC
    5737 348 GAGAGGGUGCUAUUCCUGCUG
    5738 349 AGGAAGAAGGGAGUAUUGGGA
    5739 350 CUCUAACAUUCUGUGAUUCUU
    5740 351 AGAAGUGACAAAGGACUUCAC
    5741 352 UCAGGGAGGUGGGAGCAGCUC
    5742 353 AGGAGACACAGAAAGGAAGGG
    5743 354 UGCACUUCCUCCCAUCUUUCU
    5744 355 AUUGAAGGCUACCUCGGACUC
    5745 356 AGAAGGGAGCACUUCCACCCC
    5746 357 UCCCUUAUGGGAGAGGCGGGG
    5747 358 UGACAAAGGACUUCACGGGCC
    5748 359 UGCAAUAUGUGGGCAUGGGGA
    5749 360 ACAGGCAGGGACUAGGGCGGA
    5750 361 ACUGAGCAAACGCUGAUGCUC
    5751 362 UGCGAGGUGAGAGCUGAAUGG
    5752 363 ACCUCUCCCUUAACUGAGCAA
    5753 364 UGCUCCACCCACUUCACCAGA
    5754 365 CUUCUGUUCCUUUGCUUUCUU
    5755 366 UCAUUAUCAAAUGUAUUUAUU
    5756 367 UGACUCUGAGCAGGUCACUCC
    5757 368 AAGGAAGGUCCGGUCAACACG
    5758 369 AGUAGGAGAUGGGAGACCUGG
    5759 370 UGGUCAUUAAGCAUAGGGAUU
    5760 371 GAGCGGUAGUCUCAGUGCCUG
    5761 372 UAAUGAACAGGGCCUUAAUAU
    5762 373 UCCCUGCACGUGCAAUAUGUG
    5763 374 AGCACCUCUUAACUAGAGUCU
    5764 375 ACAAAGUUGGGCAUCAGGCUC
    5765 376 CAGAGAAGCAGACCAAUCUAU
    5766 377 AUGGACGUGAGGCCUCCAGAG
    5767 378 AUCAGUAUGUUCUUAAAUAAA
    5768 379 AGCGAUCCUGCAUUUAAUCAG
    5769 380 UGAGGCAGGAGACACAGAAAG
    5770 381 AAGAGUAAGGGCGAACUGUCA
    5771 382 UUGCCUCUCCCUUCCCUUCCC
    5772 383 CUUCUCUUUCUCCCUCCUGGG
    5773 384 CUCAUUCAUCAAGCAACUCUA
    5774 385 AGGCAGGAGACACAGAAAGGA
    5775 386 UUAGUAUAAGAAUCAUAAACA
    5776 387 UUACCUCCCUGCACGUGCAAU
    5777 388 AAGCAACUCUACUUUGUGAAA
    5778 389 ACCUCCAAGAGUAAGGGCGAA
    5779 390 UAAUCAGUAUGUUCUUAAAUA
    5780 391 AGUCCUGCUUCAGAAAGGCAU
    5781 392 AGGCAGGUGAGAAGAGCUGGG
    5782 393 GUGGAUAGGCAAACAUUGGGG
    5783 394 GGAUUCUUGUGAGAGAACGGG
    5784 395 UCUCAGUGCCUGAGCCGCCCC
    5785 396 ACUGUUUAUUAUAAAGACAUA
    5786 397 UCCUGCAUUUAAUCAGUAUGU
    5787 398 UUCAGUCCUGCUUCAGAAAGG
    5788 399 AUUUAAUCAGUAUGUUCUUAA
    5789 400 AUUAGUAUAAGAAUCAUAAAC
    5790 401 AUAAAGUAGGAGAUGGGAGAC
    5791 402 CAAGCAUGAGCCUUUAAGCAG
    5792 403 GACAUAUUUACACAGAACAAU
    5793 404 UAGAUGAGACAGGCAGGGACU
    5794 405 UGUUCCCUAUCUCCCAGCUUU
    5795 406 AGCAGGAGCGCCUGCACGCAG
    5796 407 UUAGGACACCCAAACAGAUGC
    5797 408 UCUUAAAUAAACUGCUUUAAA
    5798 409 UCCUUCUGUUCCUUUGCUUUC
    5799 410 CCCAUCUUUCUUUCCUUCCUU
    5800 411 AAGUCAUUAUCAAAUGUAUUU
    5801 412 UUCUUUCCUUCCUUCUGUUCC
    5802 413 AUGGAGUCCAGUGAUUGAAGG
    5803 414 ACGGAAGCUAGGGCCUCCCGG
    5804 415 UACCCUGGGUCUGGGAAUGCU
    5805 416 ACAAGGGAUCUGCUGGAGCCC
    5806 417 AGAUGGACUGGACGGAUUCUU
    5807 418 AUCAAGAGGGAAGAGGGCGUC
    5808 419 ACCUGGAGCUUGGGCUAGCUG
    5809 420 UCUUAAUGAACAGGGCCUUAA
    5810 421 GAUUCUUGUGAGAGAACGGGA
    5811 422 AUUGCCGUCUUCCAGCCCAUU
    5812 423 AUUAUCAAAUGUAUUUAUUGC
    5813 424 AGACAGGCAGGGACUAGGGCG
    5814 425 UGCAUUUAAUCAGUAUGUUCU
    5815 426 CGCAGAUUCAUGCUGCUCCUU
    5816 427 AUUAAGCAUAGGGAUUCAUUU
    5817 428 AUUCAUGCUGCUCCUUGGGCC
    5818 429 CACCUCUUAACUAGAGUCUCU
    5819 430 AACAACCACUUUAAAUAAGGC
    5820 431 UCCAAAGUCAGUCCAGGGAGG
    5821 432 AGAUGAGACAGGCAGGGACUA
    5822 433 GCUAUCUCAUUCAUCAAGCAA
    5823 434 AACGGGAAUCAUCCAAACUAC
    5824 435 ACUACCCUCUUCUGUUCCCUA
    5825 436 AAGAAGGCUAAGUGACCUUCA
    5826 437 UCUGUUCCCUAUCUCCCAGCU
    5827 438 AGGUGAGAGCUGAAUGGACGU
    5828 439 AGGGACCCUCCACACACCGCG
    5829 440 CUGAACAUGACCUCCAAGAGU
    5830 441 AGUAUUGGGAGGCACACUAAG
    5831 442 AGGCUCUUGUCUUCUCUUUCU
    5832 443 UGCAUUCUUCCCUGGAGGCCA
    5833 444 CACUUCACCAGAGCUCCUGAA
    5834 445 CAUCAGGCUCUUGUCUUCUCU
    5835 446 GUUAUGGAACCUUCCAGCCCA
    5836 447 CAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAG
    5837 448 CUUACCUCCCUGCACGUGCAA
    5838 449 GGAGGAGACAUAACCGCCGGG
    5839 450 GUAAGGGCGAACUGUCAGCUU
    5840 451 CUGACCUGGAGCUUGGGCUAG
    5841 452 AGGUGGAUAGGCAAACAUUGG
    5842 453 CUCUUGUCUUCUCUUUCUCCC
    5843 454 CAUAUUUACACAGAACAAUCU
    5844 455 AAGGGCGAACUGUCAGCUUUU
    5845 456 AGACUUUCUGGGCACCGACCA
    5846 457 AAACAAAGUCAUUAUCAAAUG
    5847 458 ACACUAAGGCAAGAGAAGUGA
    5848 459 UCCUUGACCCUCUGGGCUGCA
    5849 460 CAAUUUCUUAAUGAACAGGGC
    5850 461 CAUCAAGCAACUCUACUUUGU
    5851 462 AGAAGAAGGGAGGCUUUCUGG
    5852 463 CAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCGU
    5853 464 GAACAAUCUUUACAAACAUUG
    5854 465 AGGCUAAGUGACCUUCAAGGG
    5855 466 UCGGGAAGCGGCAUCAGGGAC
    5856 467 UAGCAGCAGCAUAGGUAAAGG
    5857 468 AAGGCAUGGGUCCCUUAUGGG
    5858 469 UCUGCAGCCUCCUCUCCCGCC
    5859 470 GAAGCAGACCAAUCUAUGGAG
    5860 471 AUGAGCCUUUAAGCAGCAGCA
    5861 472 AGCUGAAUGGACGUGAGGCCU
    5862 473 GAAGGCUACCUCGGACUCCUG
    5863 474 CUGUUCCCUAUCUCCCAGCUU
    5864 475 AGCUCUAACAUUCUGUGAUUC
    5865 476 AGCAGCGUUAGCAGCAGCAUA
    5866 477 UCUGGGCACCGACCAGUCCCC
    5867 478 AGGAAGAUGGACUGGACGGAU
    5868 479 ACCUGGUCAUUAAGCAUAGGG
    5869 480 GAUGCAGGCACUUACCUCCCU
    5870 481 AUCUGCUGGAGCCCACAGAAG
    5871 482 CUAUUCCUGCUGCACUUCCUC
    5872 483 AUCCUGCAUUUAAUCAGUAUG
    5873 484 CAGAAGACACCCACCAAGGAU
    5874 485 ACAACAGGACAGUUCACAGCC
    5875 486 UGCAGCCUCCUCUCCCGCCGC
    5876 487 UCAGUCCUGCUUCAGAAAGGC
    5877 488 ACGCUGAUGCUCCACCCACUU
    5878 489 CAGCAGCAGCGUUAGCAGCAG
    5879 490 GAACCUUCCAGCCCAGCUGGG
    5880 491 UAUGGAACCUUCCAGCCCAGC
    5881 492 AAAUUAGUAUAAGAAUCAUAA
    5882 493 CUCCUGAACAUGACCUCCAAG
    5883 494 UCCUGACCUGGAGCUUGGGCU
    5884 495 CUGUUUAUUAUAAAGACAUAU
    5885 496 GCGGACAUUGCCGUCUUCCAG
    5886 497 CUCUGAGCAGGUCACUCCCCU
    5887 498 CACACACACAAAGUUGGGCAU
    5888 499 CCAGAGAAGCAGACCAAUCUA
    5889 500 AUGUGACCUGGUCAUUAAGCA
    5890 501 AGGAAGGCCCAAAUGAAGGUU
    5891 502 UCUCCCUUAACUGAGCAAACG
    5892 503 AGCGGUAGUCUCAGUGCCUGA
    5893 504 UCUGCAUUCUUCCCUGGAGGC
    5894 505 UCCACCCACUUCACCAGAGCU
    5895 506 UACUCCUGGGAGGGUAUAUAG
    5896 507 CAGUGAUUGAAGGCUACCUCG
    5897 508 GACUUUCUGGGCACCGACCAG
    5898 509 CUUUGUAUAAAUUAGUAUAAG
    5899 510 AUGAACAGGGCCUUAAUAUCU
    5900 511 ACCCACUUCACCAGAGCUCCU
    5901 512 CUUCUGCAGCCUCCUCUCCCG
    5902 513 AAGAUGGACUGGACGGAUUCU
    5903 514 UGUGCCCUGUCUGGAUCCCCG
    5904 515 AGGCACACUAAGGCAAGAGAA
    5905 516 AGUAUAAGAAUCAUAAACAAC
    5906 517 UGCGGGCGCAGAGCUCGGGAG
    5907 518 AUGUGCCCUGUCUGGAUCCCC
    5908 519 AAGAGCUGGGCCCACUGGUGG
    5909 520 AGCGCCUGCACGCAGAGCCGC
    5910 521 UAAAGUAGGAGAUGGGAGACC
    5911 522 AUUUCCUCCGACCUCCCUGCC
    5912 523 GACAUUGCCGUCUUCCAGCCC
    5913 524 AAAGAAGGCCCAAUCCCUGAU
    5914 525 AUGCUGCUCCUUGGGCCGCCG
    5915 526 AGGAGACAUAACCGCCGGGGG
    5916 527 AAGACAUAUUUACACAGAACA
    5917 528 UCCGGGAGCGGCAGCGGCGAG
    5918 529 AGAUGGGAGACCUGGUCCCCA
    5919 530 UGCCUCUCCCUUCCCUUCCCC
    5920 531 AAGAAGGGAGUAUUGGGAGGC
    5921 532 CUGGAAGGAAGGUCCGGUCAA
    5922 533 GAACAGGGCCUUAAUAUCUUU
    5923 534 CCCACUUCACCAGAGCUCCUG
    5924 535 AAAGACAUAUUUACACAGAAC
    5925 536 GAAUUUCCUCCGACCUCCCUG
    5926 537 UGGACGGAUUCUUGUGAGAGA
    5927 538 AGGGCAGACAUGAGGAAGGAA
    5928 539 GAGGAGACAUAACCGCCGGGG
    5929 540 UGCUUCAGAAAGGCAUGGGUC
    5930 541 CAAGGGUCCUGUCAGCUCUAA
    5931 542 UCUUGUGAGAGAACGGGAAUC
    5932 543 AGCAGACCAAUCUAUGGAGGA
    5933 544 GAGUCCAGUGAUUGAAGGCUA
    5934 545 AGGUGAGAAGAGCUGGGCCCA
    5935 546 UCCAGCCCAUUCCCAUCGGGA
    5936 547 AGGCGUUUGCCUAAGAAGGCU
    5937 548 CCCUUAACUGAGCAAACGCUG
    5938 549 CGGCUCUGCAAUGACUCUGAG
    5939 550 AGGGAACAAUUUCUUAAUGAA
    5940 551 UCCCGGCUCUGCAAUGACUCU
    5941 552 CUGGGAACCCUGCUCAAGCAA
    5942 553 AGGGCCUUAAUAUCUUUGUAU
    5943 554 AGCAUGAGCCUUUAAGCAGCA
    5944 555 UGAGAAGAGCUGGGCCCACUG
    5945 556 AGUAAGGGCGAACUGUCAGCU
    5946 557 AACCACUUUAAAUAAGGCAGC
    5947 558 AGGUCAGGGAGGUGGGAGCAG
    5948 559 UGCCUAAGAAGGCUAAGUGAC
    5949 560 CCACACACCGCGGUCAAGGAG
    5950 561 CAGCUCUAACAUUCUGUGAUU
    5951 562 UGGGAGGCACACUAAGGCAAG
    5952 563 GGUGAGAGCUGAAUGGACGUG
    5953 564 GAGGGCGUCAUAAAGUAGGAG
    5954 565 AGCUUGCCUCUCCCUUCCCUU
    5955 566 UCUUCCCUCCUUCCUUCUGCC
    5956 567 AGAAGAGCUGGGCCCACUGGU
    5957 568 GGAAGGUCCGGUCAACACGAA
    5958 569 CAUUCCUUGACCCUCUGGGCU
    5959 570 AUGAGGCAGGAGACACAGAAA
    5960 571 GCAUUUAAUCAGUAUGUUCUU
    5961 572 CUUCCCUUCCUUCUUCUCCCC
    5962 573 CACUACCCUCUUCUGUUCCCU
    5963 574 GACAUGAGGAAGGAAGGCCCA
    5964 575 UGAUGCUCCACCCACUUCACC
    5965 576 AAAGUAGGAGAUGGGAGACCU
    5966 577 CACAGAAGGGAGCACUUCCAC
  • TABLE 9
    Results for KIF20A. Score threshold: 70.
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA_
    NO id AS Sequence
    5967 1 UAAUUUAGCUUUAACCUCCUG
    5968 2 UUCACAUUGACAAUCAUGCAG
    5969 3 UUUGAGUACAUCCUUUACCAU
    5970 4 UUCUUGUCCACAUCAAUGGUG
    5971 5 UUGACAAUCAUGCAGGAACGG
    5972 6 UAGCUCUGCUUUGCACUGCUG
    5973 7 UAGGUCAUAAAGCAGUUCGUU
    5974 8 AACUACGACAUCGUCAUCGGA
    5975 9 UACCUGAAGACUAUGUUCCUU
    5976 10 UUGAUGGUACCUUGAAUCGUG
    5977 11 UUUCCUGCUUCCUUCAACCGU
    5978 12 UAAGAUGUCAUCACAAGUGGU
    5979 13 UUACUCACACCUAGUCGCCGA
    5980 14 UUGCACAUGAAUCCAGUUGAG
    5981 15 UUCGAUGUAGACACUCCUCUU
    5982 16 UCUGAUAGCAGGUUCUUGCGU
    5983 17 UUCACCACUCUUCUGAUCUUU
    5984 18 UCGAUGACUUGUUUCAUCCAG
    5985 19 UUUAACCUCCUGAAGCUGCUG
    5986 20 UUGUAGAUCUCAAAGAAUGAG
    5987 21 UUGAGAUCUUUCACAUAGGGA
    5988 22 AAUAUCUUUAAUAUAACUGUU
    5989 23 UACGACAUCGUCAUCGGACAG
    5990 24 UUCUAAUAGGUCAUAAAGCAG
    5991 25 UUUCAACACAGUAUGAUACUG
    5992 26 AUGACUUGUUUCAUCCAGCUG
    5993 27 UGGAACACUCGAGUCAACUUG
    5994 28 UACAUCCUUUACCAUCUCCUU
    5995 29 AUCUGCUUGCUGUCUAGCCAG
    5996 30 AACACUCGAGUCAACUUGCUG
    5997 31 UUCACUGCACCACUGUUCCCG
    5998 32 UUAUGCAACUCUUCAGUGGUA
    5999 33 UUGGAGGCUAUUGAAGAUCAG
    6000 34 UUCAGGAGAGUAGCUGACCCA
    6001 35 UAUAAUUCCUGAUAUAUGGUA
    6002 36 UUGAUUAAGAUGUCAUCACAA
    6003 37 UCACAGAGUGACAGCUCGCUG
    6004 38 UUCCACAACUUGUAGGAGCUC
    6005 39 UUGUAGAACAAGGGUCUCCAC
    6006 40 UUUCACUAGCACCAUGUUGUU
    6007 41 UUUACCAUCUCCUUCACAGUU
    6008 42 UGUUCUACCAUCUCAUUGCAA
    6009 43 UAAUAUCUUUAAUAUAACUGU
    6010 44 UUGUCCUCUAGGGAGGUAGAG
    6011 45 UUUCUGAAGCUCUGUCCGCAA
    6012 46 UUCUUCAUUUCCUCCUGUCGG
    6013 47 AUCUCGGAGAUGCAUCUCCAG
    6014 48 UACUUAUGCAACUCUUCAGUG
    6015 49 UAGCACCAUGUUGUUCUGCAG
    6016 50 AUACAUGCUGCCUUCUUCCGA
    6017 51 UUAGGUUGAAGAAGGAUGCCU
    6018 52 UCUGAUACUUAUGCAACUCUU
    6019 53 UUAAGAUGUCAUCACAAGUGG
    6020 54 UGCACUGCUGUAAUUUAGCUU
    6021 55 UAUACUUUCACCUUCUCCAUA
    6022 56 UUUCGAUGUAGACACUCCUCU
    6023 57 UUUAGCUCUGCUUUGCACUGC
    6024 58 UCGGAGAUGCAUCUCCAGCUG
    6025 59 UACUGCUGGUACACUGACUGA
    6026 60 UUCGUUGUAGAUCUCAAAGAA
    6027 61 UAGAACAAGGGUCUCCACAUU
    6028 62 UUCAUCUCGGAGAUGCAUCUC
    6029 63 UAACUUCUUGUCCACAUCAAU
    6030 64 UUCAGUGGUAGAGUUUAGCUC
    6031 65 UCUCAAUACGGACACAACCCU
    6032 66 UAGCAGGGACAGCUUCUUCAU
    6033 67 UGUCUGAGUAUUGCAUCCUGG
    6034 68 AUUUCUUCAGGAGAGUAGCUG
    6035 69 AUCCUGAUUGAGAAGAUGCUG
    6036 70 UUCUGGUUGAGGUGGGUGCUG
    6037 71 UUGUCAGUGACUCCUUGAGGA
    6038 72 UUCCUGUCGUUCCAACUCUGA
    6039 73 UGACAGCUCGCUGAUCUUGGG
    6040 74 UCUGAAGGUAACAAGGGCCUA
    6041 75 UAUCUUUAAUAUAACUGUUUU
    6042 76 UUAACCUCCUGAAGCUGCUGG
    6043 77 UGUCGUUCCAACUCUGAAGGU
    6044 78 UAGACACUCCUCUUCAAGGAA
    6045 79 UUCCUUGAUGAACGAGUGCAG
    6046 80 AUAUCUUUAAUAUAACUGUUU
    6047 81 AUCUCAAAGAAUGAGAUCCAG
    6048 82 UUUAGCUUUAACCUCCUGAAG
    6049 83 UAACCUCCUGAAGCUGCUGGG
    6050 84 UACUCACACCUAGUCGCCGAA
    6051 85 UUGCAUCUGUUCUACCAUCUC
    6052 86 UUCCUGCUUCCUUCAACCGUU
    6053 87 UGACUGAUAGAAGAGAGCCCA
    6054 88 UCUUCAUUUCCUCCUGUCGGA
    6055 89 UAGUCGCCGAAGCUGGACUUU
    6056 90 UUGAUGAACGAGUGCAGGGAU
    6057 91 UUUCAUCAUAGGUAGAUGCAC
    6058 92 UAGGUUGAAGAAGGAUGCCUG
    6059 93 UGACUUGUUUCAUCCAGCUGG
    6060 94 UUCACUAGCACCAUGUUGUUC
    6061 95 UCUUCUGAUCUUUGCAGCGCU
    6062 96 UGGUAGAGUUUAGCUCUGCUU
    6063 97 UCUGAGUAUUGCAUCCUGGAU
    6064 98 AUAAUAUCUUUAAUAUAACUG
    6065 99 UAGCAGGUUCUUGCGUACCAC
    6066 100 UUCCUCCUGUCGGAUCUGCUU
    6067 101 UUAGCUCUGCUUUGCACUGCU
    6068 102 AACCCUGAUCUUCCUGUCGUU
    6069 103 UAGGCGGUUCUAAUAGGUCAU
    6070 104 UCAUCGGACAGCAAGCCCGCU
    6071 105 AUUCACAUUGACAAUCAUGCA
    6072 106 UAAAUUUCGAAGGAAUGGUUU
    6073 107 UCUUGCACAUGAAUCCAGUUG
    6074 108 UUGGAGGCCUCCAUUUAGCAG
    6075 109 UCCUGUCGGAUCUGCUUGCUG
    6076 110 UUGGAGAGACUCACCAAGUUU
    6077 111 UCGAUGUAGACACUCCUCUUC
    6078 112 UUGCACUGCUGUAAUUUAGCU
    6079 113 AAGCUCUCUCUGCUGAUUGGA
    6080 114 UACAUGCUGCCUUCUUCCGAA
    6081 115 UACUGCUCAGCAAUACAUGCU
    6082 116 AUUGAGAAGAUGCUGUGACUG
    6083 117 AACUUGUAGGAGCUCCUCUUU
    6084 118 UAGAGACGACAGAGCAGUCUG
    6085 119 UAAUAGGUCAUAAAGCAGUUC
    6086 120 UUGGAGUUUCAACACAGUAUG
    6087 121 UUACCAUCUCCUUCACAGUUA
    6088 122 UCCAUAUGUAUAGAUGAGCCA
    6089 123 UGCAUCUGUUCUACCAUCUCA
    6090 124 AUCACAGAGUGACAGCUCGCU
    6091 125 UGCUUGUAGAACAAGGGUCUC
    6092 126 UUCUUGCGUACCACAGACCCC
    6093 127 UAGCCGCAAAGUCUGCCUCUU
    6094 128 UUUGUGACCGCCGUAGGGCCA
    6095 129 AUGCAUCUCCAGCUGUAGCUU
    6096 130 AGCUCUGUCCGCAACAGCCUU
    6097 131 UUUGCCGGGACAGGUAGUGGG
    6098 132 UACGGACACAACCCUGAUCUU
    6099 133 UCUUCCUGUCGUUCCAACUCU
    6100 134 UGUUGUUCUGCAGUUCAGCCA
    6101 135 UACACUGACUGAUAGAAGAGA
    6102 136 AAGAAUGAGAUCCAGAUGGAG
    6103 137 AACAGCCUUAUAUUCUUCUGG
    6104 138 UCAUAGGUAGAUGCACAGGGA
    6105 139 UCUUGCGUACCACAGACCCCA
    6106 140 AUCUUUAAUAUAACUGUUUUU
    6107 141 UUCUGAUCUUUGCAGCGCUCU
    6108 142 AGAAACCUUGGAACACUCGAG
    6109 143 UUGGAACACUCGAGUCAACUU
    6110 144 AUUGCAAAUUUCAUCUCGGAG
    6111 145 UGUAGGAGCUCCUCUUUGCCA
    6112 146 UGCAUCUCCAGCUGUAGCUUU
    6113 147 UUCUUCAGGAGAGUAGCUGAC
    6114 148 UCACCUUCUCCAUACUGUCCU
    6115 149 UUAGUGACUCCAUAUGUAUAG
    6116 150 UGAAGAAGGAUGCCUGUCCCA
    6117 151 AAUUUCAUCUCGGAGAUGCAU
    6118 152 AAGCUCUGUCCGCAACAGCCU
    6119 153 UCUCAUUGCAAAUUUCAUCUC
    6120 154 UCAUUGCAAAUUUCAUCUCGG
    6121 155 UUGCCGGGACAGGUAGUGGGG
    6122 156 UCGGAUCUGCUUGCUGUCUAG
    6123 157 ACAUUGACAAUCAUGCAGGAA
    6124 158 UAUGCAACUCUUCAGUGGUAG
    6125 159 UACCUCAUUGGAGAGCAAGGG
    6126 160 AAGUUUCUGAAGCUCUGUCCG
    6127 161 AAGAAACCUUGGAACACUCGA
    6128 162 UAUUUCUUCAGGAGAGUAGCU
    6129 163 AUGUGAACAAUAAUAUCUUUA
    6130 164 UGAUAGAAGAGAGCCCAGCAA
    6131 165 UCUAACUUCUUGUCCACAUCA
    6132 166 AAUAUCAUCAUCAAGGCCUGU
    6133 167 UCUGAUCUUUGCAGCGCUCUG
    6134 168 UCUUCUAACUUCUUGUCCACA
    6135 169 UGGUACCUUGAAUCGUGUGGG
    6136 170 UUUCUUCAGGAGAGUAGCUGA
    6137 171 ACACAGUAUGAUACUGCUCAG
    6138 172 UUUAGCAGGGACAGCUUCUUC
    6139 173 UAGCUUUAACCUCCUGAAGCU
    6140 174 AUCUGUUCUACCAUCUCAUUG
    6141 175 AUCGAUGACUUGUUUCAUCCA
    6142 176 UGAUCUUUGCAGCGCUCUGAG
    6143 177 UCCUCCUGUCGGAUCUGCUUG
    6144 178 UUUGAUUAAGAUGUCAUCACA
    6145 179 AUGAAUCCAGUUGAGAUCUUU
    6146 180 AGCUUCUAGCUCUUCAAUCUU
    6147 181 UUGUAGGAGCUCCUCUUUGCC
    6148 182 AUCUCCUUCACAGUUAGGUUG
    6149 183 UGUCAGUGACUCCUUGAGGAU
    6150 184 UUCUCCAUACUGUCCUCAGAU
    6151 185 AUCUUGCACAUGAAUCCAGUU
    6152 186 AGCAUCUUGCACAUGAAUCCA
    6153 187 UUCACAGUUAGGUUGAAGAAG
    6154 188 AGUGACAGCUCGCUGAUCUUG
    6155 189 UAACAAGGGCCUAACCCUCAA
    6156 190 UAGAGUUUAGCUCUGCUUUGC
    6157 191 AUGAAGAGUUUCAUCAUAGGU
    6158 192 ACUGCUGGUACACUGACUGAU
    6159 193 UGCUGCUUGUCCUCUAGGGAG
    6160 194 UCAUCAUAGGUAGAUGCACAG
    6161 195 UUGAGUACAUCCUUUACCAUC
    6162 196 UGGACUUUCGCAGCCGCAGAG
    6163 197 AACUCUGAAGGUAACAAGGGC
    6164 198 UGAGAAGAUGCUGUGACUGCG
    6165 199 UGCAACUCUUCAGUGGUAGAG
    6166 200 UUGUCCACAUCAAUGGUGAAG
    6167 201 ACCAGGUUCUGCUUUGACCGG
    6168 202 AUAGGUCAUAAAGCAGUUCGU
    6169 203 UUAGCAGGGACAGCUUCUUCA
    6170 204 UUCAACACAGUAUGAUACUGC
    6171 205 AAGUGGUCAAGGCUUGACGAA
    6172 206 CUAACUUCUUGUCCACAUCAA
    6173 207 AGCUUUAACCUCCUGAAGCUG
    6174 208 UAGAUGCACAGGGAUUCACAU
    6175 209 AUUAAGAUGUCAUCACAAGUG
    6176 210 UGGUUGUUGGUUUGGUUGCUG
    6177 211 UAAGGGCUGCAGUCUGUUGAG
    6178 212 AUACCUGAAGACUAUGUUCCU
    6179 213 UGAAGAGUUUCAUCAUAGGUA
    6180 214 AAGACUAUGUUCCUUGAUGAA
    6181 215 UGCUUUGACCGGUUCUGCUGG
    6182 216 UGGAGUUUCAACACAGUAUGA
    6183 217 UCAUAAAGCAGUUCGUUGUAG
    6184 218 ACUUUCGAUGUAGACACUCCU
    6185 219 AUCAUAGGUAGAUGCACAGGG
    6186 220 UCCAGUUUCACUAGCACCAUG
    6187 221 AAACAUGGGAGAAACUACGAC
    6188 222 AACCUUGGAACACUCGAGUCA
    6189 223 AACAACAUGAGAUUACAUAGG
    6190 224 UGCCUUCUUCCGAAGGUCCAG
    6191 225 UUUCGCAGCCGCAGAGCACAA
    6192 226 AUACUUAUGCAACUCUUCAGU
    6193 227 UCCUGAUAUAUGGUAAAGCAU
    6194 228 AAUGUUUCCUGCUUCCUUCAA
    6195 229 UGGAACCUGCUGCUUGUCCUC
    6196 230 AAACCUUGGAACACUCGAGUC
    6197 231 AACAUGAGAUUACAUAGGUGG
    6198 232 AUGACUGCUCUUCUCUUUCCC
    6199 233 AGGUGUAGGAUCCUGAUUGAG
    6200 234 UCAAGGAAGUGGACAGCUCCU
    6201 235 UUAAUGUUUCCUGCUUCCUUC
    6202 236 CAACAUGAGAUUACAUAGGUG
    6203 237 AAGCAGUUCGUUGUAGAUCUC
    6204 238 UGAGAUCUUUCACAUAGGGAU
    6205 239 UGAAGGUGUAGGAUCCUGAUU
    6206 240 AACAAUAAUAUCUUUAAUAUA
    6207 241 AUUUAGCAGGGACAGCUUCUU
    6208 242 UUGAAGAAGGAUGCCUGUCCC
    6209 243 UACAUGGAGAUGUCAGCUUCA
    6210 244 AUAUAAUUCCUGAUAUAUGGU
    6211 245 UGCAAGAGAGCUUCUAGCUCU
    6212 246 UAACCCUCAAGUAUACUUUCA
    6213 247 CUGAUCUUCCUGUCGUUCCAA
    6214 248 UGCAGCUGUGGACUCAAACAU
    6215 249 UAGGGAGGUAGAGACGACAGA
    6216 250 AAAUGUUCACUGCACCACUGU
    6217 251 UUGUGACCGCCGUAGGGCCAA
    6218 252 UCCAUUUAGCAGGGACAGCUU
    6219 253 UCCAGUUGAGAUCUUUCACAU
    6220 254 UGAUGGUACCUUGAAUCGUGU
    6221 255 UUGACCGGUUCUGCUGGUUUU
    6222 256 ACAACAUGAGAUUACAUAGGU
    6223 257 UGGACAGCUCCUCCUCUUGGA
    6224 258 AGUGUCUGAGUAUUGCAUCCU
    6225 259 UCCUGUCGUUCCAACUCUGAA
    6226 260 UGUCGGAUCUGCUUGCUGUCU
    6227 261 UACCAUCUCCUUCACAGUUAG
    6228 262 UGCCCUUUGAGUACAUCCUUU
    6229 263 AAUACAUGCUGCCUUCUUCCG
    6230 264 UCUUUGCAGCGCUCUGAGCCA
    6231 265 UCACAUUGACAAUCAUGCAGG
    6232 266 UCAACACAGUAUGAUACUGCU
    6233 267 AAGUGGACAGCUCCUCCUCUU
    6234 268 UUUCACCUUCUCCAUACUGUC
    6235 269 UGCUGGUACCUAUCCGACUUU
    6236 270 UCGGCCUGUGAAGAAACCUUG
    6237 271 UAAUGUUUCCUGCUUCCUUCA
    6238 272 AACAAGGGUCUCCACAUUCUC
    6239 273 AUCCUGGAUAUAAUUCCUGAU
    6240 274 AAUCCCUCCAUCCUUGAUGGU
    6241 275 CUUGAUGGUACCUUGAAUCGU
    6242 276 AAAGUCUGCCUCUUGCGCUGU
    6243 277 UCAGAUGGAACCUGCUGCUUG
    6244 278 AACCGUUCACCACUCUUCUGA
    6245 279 UUUCCUCCAAUAGUUCCUUUU
    6246 280 UGCACCACUGUUCCCGCUGUU
    6247 281 AAUGUUCACUGCACCACUGUU
    6248 282 UGCAGGAACGGCCUCGGCCUG
    6249 283 AAUUUAGCUUUAACCUCCUGA
    6250 284 CUUACUCACACCUAGUCGCCG
    6251 285 CUAUGUUCCUUGAUGAACGAG
    6252 286 UUGUUGGUUUGGUUGCUGAUU
    6253 287 AGUUUCACUAGCACCAUGUUG
    6254 288 UCGUCAUCGGACAGCAAGCCC
    6255 289 UUCUAACUUCUUGUCCACAUC
    6256 290 UCUGCUUUGACCGGUUCUGCU
    6257 291 UGAUUGGAGAGACUCACCAAG
    6258 292 UCAGUGGUAGAGUUUAGCUCU
    6259 293 UCAAUAUCAUCAUCAAGGCCU
    6260 294 CUCAAUACGGACACAACCCUG
    6261 295 UGAGUUAGUGACUCCAUAUGU
    6262 296 UGGAGUUCUGGUUGAGGUGGG
    6263 297 ACAACUUGUAGGAGCUCCUCU
    6264 298 UACUGUCCUCAGAUGGAACCU
    6265 299 AAAUCUGCAGCUGUGGACUCA
    6266 300 CUUCUUGUCCACAUCAAUGGU
    6267 301 UGCUUGUCCUCUAGGGAGGUA
    6268 302 UCUAAUAGGUCAUAAAGCAGU
    6269 303 UGCAUAGAAAUCAUAUAAGUA
    6270 304 AGUUUCUGAAGCUCUGUCCGC
    6271 305 ACAGAGUGACAGCUCGCUGAU
    6272 306 UGAUACUGCUCAGCAAUACAU
    6273 307 ACACUCGAGUCAACUUGCUGU
    6274 308 UGAUACUUAUGCAACUCUUCA
    6275 309 CAACCGUUCACCACUCUUCUG
    6276 310 UCCUUGAGGAUAUUUAGUUUU
    6277 311 UUCUAGCUCUUCAAUCUUUUC
    6278 312 GUGUCUGAGUAUUGCAUCCUG
    6279 313 ACUUAUGCAACUCUUCAGUGG
    6280 314 CUUCCUGUCGUUCCAACUCUG
    6281 315 ACUUGUAGGAGCUCCUCUUUG
    6282 316 UAUCCGACUUUCGAUGUAGAC
    6283 317 AAACUACGACAUCGUCAUCGG
    6284 318 ACUGCUCAGCAAUACAUGCUG
    6285 319 AUUCAGACCCUGAUUGCUGAU
    6286 320 UGUAAUUUAGCUUUAACCUCC
    6287 321 UCCUGUUUGAUUAAGAUGUCA
    6288 322 UCGCAUAGCCGCAAAGUCUGC
    6289 323 UGGGUGCUUGUAGAACAAGGG
    6290 324 AACUCUUCAGUGGUAGAGUUU
    6291 325 AUUGGAGAGACUCACCAAGUU
    6292 326 AUUUCCUCCAAUAGUUCCUUU
    6293 327 UUCUGCUUUGACCGGUUCUGC
    6294 328 UCCAACUCUGAAGGUAACAAG
    6295 329 UGACUGCUCUUCUCUUUCCCC
    6296 330 UUUCCUCCUGUCGGAUCUGCU
    6297 331 GACACAACCCUGAUCUUCCUG
    6298 332 UUGCAAAUUUCAUCUCGGAGA
    6299 333 AUGUAGACACUCCUCUUCAAG
    6300 334 AAGGGAACCAGGUUCUGCUUU
    6301 335 UUCAUUGCUCUUCAGGGCAAA
    6302 336 AAGUCUGCCUCUUGCGCUGUU
    6303 337 AAUCCCAGUUGCAUAGGUGGG
    6304 338 ACUAUGUUCCUUGAUGAACGA
    6305 339 ACAGUUAGGUUGAAGAAGGAU
    6306 340 UUCCUGCAAGAGAGCUUCUAG
    6307 341 UGUAGGAUCCUGAUUGAGAAG
    6308 342 UUCCAACUCUGAAGGUAACAA
    6309 343 UAGGAUCCUGAUUGAGAAGAU
    6310 344 AUCAGGUGUUGGAUGAAGUUG
    6311 345 AACACAGUAUGAUACUGCUCA
    6312 346 UCCUUGAUGAACGAGUGCAGG
    6313 347 UAGAUCUCAAAGAAUGAGAUC
    6314 348 ACUGUCCUCAGAUGGAACCUG
    6315 349 ACCUUGGAACACUCGAGUCAA
    6316 350 AACCUCCUGAAGCUGCUGGGU
    6317 351 UCUGGUUCUUACGACCCACUU
    6318 352 UCAAUACGGACACAACCCUGA
    6319 353 UACCUUGAAUCGUGUGGGUUU
    6320 354 GAUACUUAUGCAACUCUUCAG
    6321 355 UAGUGUCUGAGUAUUGCAUCC
    6322 356 UCGUUGUAGAUCUCAAAGAAU
    6323 357 AACCUGCUGCUUGUCCUCUAG
    6324 358 AUCCCAGUUGCAUAGGUGGGG
    6325 359 AGAGCAGUCUGAUAGCAGGUU
    6326 360 UGUAGAGAGGUGUUAAUGUUU
    6327 361 UCUCCACAUUCUCAAUACGGA
    6328 362 UCCCUGAGUUAGUGACUCCAU
    6329 363 AUCACAAGUGGUCAAGGCUUG
    6330 364 ACUUUCACCUUCUCCAUACUG
    6331 365 CUUUGCAGCGCUCUGAGCCAG
    6332 366 AAGAUGCUGUGACUGCGGCUG
    6333 367 AUGGUACCUUGAAUCGUGUGG
    6334 368 CAACACAGUAUGAUACUGCUC
    6335 369 AUCCUUUACCAUCUCCUUCAC
    6336 370 UCUUCAUACAUUUCCUCCAAU
    6337 371 UUCAAGGAAGUGGACAGCUCC
    6338 372 UACCUAUCCGACUUUCGAUGU
    6339 373 CUGCCCUUUGAGUACAUCCUU
    6340 374 UUGAGAAGAUGCUGUGACUGC
    6341 375 UCAAAGAAUGAGAUCCAGAUG
    6342 376 UUGGUUUGGUUGCUGAUUUUC
    6343 377 AUAGCCGCAAAGUCUGCCUCU
    6344 378 UGCAAAUUUCAUCUCGGAGAU
    6345 379 UCAGGAGAGUAGCUGACCCAC
    6346 380 UGUAGAACAAGGGUCUCCACA
    6347 381 CUGAUUGGAGAGACUCACCAA
    6348 382 UCUUUCACAUAGGGAUUGCCA
    6349 383 UCAAGUAUACUUUCACCUUCU
    6350 384 AUUUAGCUUUAACCUCCUGAA
    6351 385 AUCCCUUGCGACAUGACGGCA
    6352 386 UGCUGGUACACUGACUGAUAG
    6353 387 AAUCCAGUUGAGAUCUUUCAC
    6354 388 CUGAAGACUAUGUUCCUUGAU
    6355 389 AGCAGUUCGUUGUAGAUCUCA
    6356 390 UUGGGUGCUUGUAGAACAAGG
    6357 391 UACAUUUGGAAUUCAAUAAAA
    6358 392 UCCUGAAUCUCUUCUUGGUAA
    6359 393 UGAACGAGUGCAGGGAUGGGA
    6360 394 UGCAUCCUGGAUAUAAUUCCU
    6361 395 AUUUCGAAGGAAUGGUUUCUU
    6362 396 UGUUAAUGUUUCCUGCUUCCU
    6363 397 ACUCUUCUGAUCUUUGCAGCG
    6364 398 UGUUCCUUGAUGAACGAGUGC
    6365 399 CUGUAAUUUAGCUUUAACCUC
    6366 400 GAACACUCGAGUCAACUUGCU
    6367 401 UGGUACCUAUCCGACUUUCGA
    6368 402 UCAACCGUUCACCACUCUUCU
    6369 403 UCCACAUCAAUGGUGAAGGGC
    6370 404 UCGAGUCAACUUGCUGUCACG
    6371 405 UUCUCAAUACGGACACAACCC
    6372 406 ACAGCUUCUUCAUUUCCUCCU
    6373 407 CAACUUGUAGGAGCUCCUCUU
    6374 408 UGAAGCUGCUGGGUGGAGGCA
    6375 409 UGGGAGAAACUACGACAUCGU
    6376 410 UAGGUGGUUAUAAUACAAAAG
    6377 411 GACAGCUCGCUGAUCUUGGGG
    6378 412 ACCAAGUUUCUGAAGCUCUGU
    6379 413 UAAAGCAGUUCGUUGUAGAUC
    6380 414 ACUUGUCAGUGACUCCUUGAG
    6381 415 UUCACCUUCUCCAUACUGUCC
    6382 416 GUAUACUUUCACCUUCUCCAU
    6383 417 CAGUGGUAGAGUUUAGCUCUG
    6384 418 UCCAAAUGUUCACUGCACCAC
    6385 419 AUGGUUUCUUCCCUGGUGGUU
    6386 420 AGAGACGACAGAGCAGUCUGA
    6387 421 UGUGAAGAAACCUUGGAACAC
    6388 422 UUCAACCGUUCACCACUCUUC
    6389 423 UGCACAGGGAUUCACAUUGAC
    6390 424 UGACAAUCAUGCAGGAACGGC
    6391 425 AUACAUGGAGAUGUCAGCUUC
    6392 426 AUAAAGCAGUUCGUUGUAGAU
    6393 427 CAUGAGAUUACAUAGGUGGUU
    6394 428 CUCUUCUAACUUCUUGUCCAC
    6395 429 CACACCUAGUCGCCGAAGCUG
    6396 430 GACAUCGUCAUCGGACAGCAA
    6397 431 ACUAGCACCAUGUUGUUCUGC
    6398 432 UAGCUGACCCACCUCAGGGCC
    6399 433 ACUCGAGUCAACUUGCUGUCA
    6400 434 AAGGGCUUCAGAUCAGGUGUU
    6401 435 AACCAGGUUCUGCUUUGACCG
    6402 436 UGAACAAUAAUAUCUUUAAUA
    6403 437 UUCAUCAUAGGUAGAUGCACA
    6404 438 UGAGGGUGGUGGUUCUAACAU
    6405 439 UCAGAUCAGGUGUUGGAUGAA
    6406 440 UUCCUCCAAUAGUUCCUUUUG
    6407 441 AGCUUCUUCAUUUCCUCCUGU
    6408 442 ACAUCGUCAUCGGACAGCAAG
    6409 443 AGAGAGCUUCUAGCUCUUCAA
    6410 444 CAUUGCAAAUUUCAUCUCGGA
    6411 445 AAGAGUUUCAUCAUAGGUAGA
    6412 446 AAGCUGGACUUUCGCAGCCGC
    6413 447 AUCGUCAUCGGACAGCAAGCC
    6414 448 UUUCGAAGGAAUGGUUUCUUC
    6415 449 UCCUUUACCAUCUCCUUCACA
    6416 450 CAGCUUCUUCAUUUCCUCCUG
    6417 451 CAACUCUGAAGGUAACAAGGG
    6418 452 UGGGUGUCCAAAUGUUCACUG
    6419 453 UAGGAUCCGGGCAUAAGGGCU
    6420 454 ACAUGAGAUUACAUAGGUGGU
    6421 455 ACCACUCUUCUGAUCUUUGCA
    6422 456 UACCAUCUCAUUGCAAAUUUC
    6423 457 ACAUCCUUUACCAUCUCCUUC
    6424 458 UGAAGAAACCUUGGAACACUC
    6425 459 UCUUGUCCACAUCAAUGGUGA
    6426 460 UAGUGACUCCAUAUGUAUAGA
    6427 461 UCAUCACAAGUGGUCAAGGCU
    6428 462 CACAACUUGUAGGAGCUCCUC
    6429 463 AAGAUGUCAUCACAAGUGGUC
    6430 464 AAUCUGCAGCUGUGGACUCAA
    6431 465 UCCAUCCUUGAUGGUACCUUG
    6432 466 UGGAGAAGCGAAUGUUUGCCG
    6433 467 UACAUUUCCUCCAAUAGUUCC
    6434 468 UCGAAGCUGGUGCUGGUACCU
    6435 469 AUGAACGAGUGCAGGGAUGGG
    6436 470 AGCUGUGGACUCAAACAUGGG
    6437 471 UCUGCUGAUUGGAGAGACUCA
    6438 472 ACCUUUGUGACCGCCGUAGGG
    6439 473 CACAUUGACAAUCAUGCAGGA
    6440 474 CAGUAUGAUACUGCUCAGCAA
    6441 475 UGACCGGUUCUGCUGGUUUUG
    6442 476 UGAGAUUACAUAGGUGGUUAU
    6443 477 AAAGAAUGAGAUCCAGAUGGA
    6444 478 AUGUUCCUUGAUGAACGAGUG
    6445 479 UCUCCUUCACAGUUAGGUUGA
    6446 480 UCUCUCUGCUGAUUGGAGAGA
    6447 481 UCACAAGUGGUCAAGGCUUGA
    6448 482 CUGUUGCAUCUGUUCUACCAU
    6449 483 UUUCAUCUCGGAGAUGCAUCU
    6450 484 UAUUGCAUCCUGGAUAUAAUU
    6451 485 CUGCUUUGACCGGUUCUGCUG
    6452 486 AGCUCUGGUUCUUACGACCCA
    6453 487 AAGUAUACUUUCACCUUCUCC
    6454 488 ACACUGACUGAUAGAAGAGAG
    6455 489 ACAUAGGUGGUUAUAAUACAA
    6456 490 GCAUCUUGCACAUGAAUCCAG
    6457 491 UCUGCCCUUUGAGUACAUCCU
    6458 492 UUGGAGAGCAAGGGCUUCAGA
    6459 493 AGGUGUUAAUGUUUCCUGCUU
    6460 494 CUCCUGAAUCUCUUCUUGGUA
    6461 495 UGAAGCUCUGUCCGCAACAGC
    6462 496 UCCUGAUUGAGAAGAUGCUGU
    6463 497 UUCUGAAGCUCUGUCCGCAAC
    6464 498 AUGGAACCUGCUGCUUGUCCU
    6465 499 AGGAAGUGGACAGCUCCUCCU
    6466 500 CUGAUCUUUGCAGCGCUCUGA
    6467 501 UAUGAUACUGCUCAGCAAUAC
    6468 502 CAUAGGUAGAUGCACAGGGAU
    6469 503 ACCUAUCCGACUUUCGAUGUA
    6470 504 AAGGUGUAGGAUCCUGAUUGA
    6471 505 UGUCCUCAGAUGGAACCUGCU
    6472 506 AUAUCAUCAUCAAGGCCUGUG
    6473 507 UCUUCAAGGAAGUGGACAGCU
    6474 508 UGUUUGAUUAAGAUGUCAUCA
    6475 509 UGAUUAAGAUGUCAUCACAAG
    6476 510 UCUGGUUGAGGUGGGUGCUGG
    6477 511 UUUGACCGGUUCUGCUGGUUU
    6478 512 UAAUUCCUGAUAUAUGGUAAA
    6479 513 UGACUCCUUGAGGAUAUUUAG
    6480 514 AGCUAGUGUCUGAGUAUUGCA
    6481 515 UCGCCGAAGCUGGACUUUCGC
    6482 516 UCACACCUAGUCGCCGAAGCU
    6483 517 CUUUCGAUGUAGACACUCCUC
    6484 518 UGUUGCAUCUGUUCUACCAUC
    6485 519 UCCCUUGCGACAUGACGGCAG
    6486 520 UGUCACGGAAGGGAACCAGGU
    6487 521 ACAUGGAGAUGUCAGCUUCAU
    6488 522 ACUGCUGUAAUUUAGCUUUAA
    6489 523 AAUGGUUUCUUCCCUGGUGGU
    6490 524 ACAACAACAUGAGAUUACAUA
    6491 525 UCAUGCAGGAACGGCCUCGGC
    6492 526 UUGCUCCUCCUGGGAUACUGG
    6493 527 UGGUGCUGGUACCUAUCCGAC
    6494 528 UGUGAACAAUAAUAUCUUUAA
    6495 529 ACCUUCUCCAUACUGUCCUCA
    6496 530 ACUUCUUGUCCACAUCAAUGG
    6497 531 UGCACAUGAAUCCAGUUGAGA
    6498 532 UAGGAGCUUCCAGGCCUCCUC
    6499 533 CUUCCUGCAAGAGAGCUUCUA
    6500 534 UCUUCCCUGGUGGUUGUUGGU
    6501 535 AUAAUUCCUGAUAUAUGGUAA
    6502 536 GUACCUUGAAUCGUGUGGGUU
    6503 537 AUGUCAUCACAAGUGGUCAAG
    6504 538 ACAGCUCGCUGAUCUUGGGGA
    6505 539 UACAUAGGUGGUUAUAAUACA
    6506 540 UGAUAUAUGGUAAAGCAUAAA
    6507 541 AGAGUAGCUGACCCACCUCAG
    6508 542 UCAUUGGAGAGCAAGGGCUUC
    6509 543 UGGAGAUGUCAGCUUCAUUUU
    6510 544 UGACUCCAUAUGUAUAGAUGA
    6511 545 CUGAUAGCAGGUUCUUGCGUA
    6512 546 AUAAGGGCUGCAGUCUGUUGA
    6513 547 AGAUCUUUCACAUAGGGAUUG
    6514 548 UGAUUGAGAAGAUGCUGUGAC
    6515 549 UGUUUGCCGGGACAGGUAGUG
    6516 550 UCAACUUGCUGUCACGGAAGG
    6517 551 AGCUCUGCUUUGCACUGCUGU
    6518 552 UAGAAAUCAUAUAAGUAAAUA
    6519 553 ACAUUCUCAAUACGGACACAA
    6520 554 AUGCACAGGGAUUCACAUUGA
    6521 555 GUCCAGUUUCACUAGCACCAU
    6522 556 CUCAUUGCAAAUUUCAUCUCG
    6523 557 GUUGAGAUCUUUCACAUAGGG
    6524 558 CAGUCUGAUAGCAGGUUCUUG
    6525 559 AGUCAACUUGCUGUCACGGAA
    6526 560 UUUCUUCCCUGGUGGUUGUUG
    6527 561 ACACCUAGUCGCCGAAGCUGG
    6528 562 AUACAUUUCCUCCAAUAGUUC
    6529 563 AUCCAGUUGAGAUCUUUCACA
    6530 564 GAUGGUACCUUGAAUCGUGUG
    6531 565 AACAAGCUCUCUCUGCUGAUU
    6532 566 UUAGCUUUAACCUCCUGAAGC
    6533 567 ACAAUCAUGCAGGAACGGCCU
    6534 568 CAAAUGUUCACUGCACCACUG
    6535 569 ACAAGGGUCUCCACAUUCUCA
    6536 570 AUCUUCCUGUCGUUCCAACUC
    6537 571 AACUUCUUGUCCACAUCAAUG
    6538 572 AUGAGAUUACAUAGGUGGUUA
    6539 573 AAUCAUGCAGGAACGGCCUCG
    6540 574 UUCAGAUCAGGUGUUGGAUGA
    6541 575 CUGAUUGAGAAGAUGCUGUGA
    6542 576 CAACUUGCUGUCACGGAAGGG
    6543 577 AUUACCUCAUUGGAGAGCAAG
    6544 578 GUAAUUUAGCUUUAACCUCCU
    6545 579 UCAAACAUGGGAGAAACUACG
    6546 580 UCCACAACUUGUAGGAGCUCC
    6547 581 UGGUCAAGGCUUGACGAAGUU
    6548 582 CUGUUCUACCAUCUCAUUGCA
    6549 583 UGCUUUGCACUGCUGUAAUUU
    6550 584 UGGUACACUGACUGAUAGAAG
    6551 585 UGAUCCUCGCAUAGCCGCAAA
    6552 586 CUCAGCAAUACAUGCUGCCUU
    6553 587 AGAUCACAGAGUGACAGCUCG
    6554 588 CCACUCUUCUGAUCUUUGCAG
    6555 589 UUCAUACAUUUCCUCCAAUAG
    6556 590 AGUGACUCCAUAUGUAUAGAU
    6557 591 UCUACCAUCUCAUUGCAAAUU
    6558 592 CAACAAGCUCUCUCUGCUGAU
    6559 593 CAACAGCCUUAUAUUCUUCUG
    6560 594 CAAAGUCUGCCUCUUGCGCUG
    6561 595 UGGUCCUGUUUGAUUAAGAUG
    6562 596 CACAGAGUGACAGCUCGCUGA
    6563 597 UGGUGGUUGUUGGUUUGGUUG
    6564 598 UUCCUUCAACCGUUCACCACU
    6565 599 AUCCUUGAUGGUACCUUGAAU
    6566 600 ACAACCCUGAUCUUCCUGUCG
    6567 601 UCAUACAUUUCCUCCAAUAGU
    6568 602 CUCAGAUGGAACCUGCUGCUU
    6569 603 AGAAACUACGACAUCGUCAUC
    6570 604 UCGAAGGAAUGGUUUCUUCCC
    6571 605 AAUGUUUGCCGGGACAGGUAG
    6572 606 UCAUCUCGGAGAUGCAUCUCC
    6573 607 AUAGCAGGUUCUUGCGUACCA
    6574 608 GAUGUAGACACUCCUCUUCAA
    6575 609 UGGUUCUUACGACCCACUUUU
    6576 610 UUCCUGAUAUAUGGUAAAGCA
    6577 611 AUGCUGUGACUGCGGCUGGAG
    6578 612 AACUUGCUGUCACGGAAGGGA
    6579 613 UCCAUACUGUCCUCAGAUGGA
    6580 614 AGUCCUUGGGUGCUUGUAGAA
    6581 615 UGACGAAGGGCAGCAAUACAG
    6582 616 AUGUUCACUGCACCACUGUUC
    6583 617 ACUACGACAUCGUCAUCGGAC
    6584 618 UGACUGCGGCUGGAGUUCUGG
    6585 619 ACGGAAGGGAACCAGGUUCUG
    6586 620 ACAUCAAUGGUGAAGGGCUUG
    6587 621 GUAGAGUUUAGCUCUGCUUUG
    6588 622 UUCAGACCCUGAUUGCUGAUG
    6589 623 UCACCACUCUUCUGAUCUUUG
    6590 624 UAGAGAGGUGUUAAUGUUUCC
    6591 625 AGAGUUUCAUCAUAGGUAGAU
    6592 626 CCAGGUUCUGCUUUGACCGGU
    6593 627 AAGAGAGCUUCUAGCUCUUCA
    6594 628 UCAGGUGUUGGAUGAAGUUGG
    6595 629 UUCUACCAUCUCAUUGCAAAU
    6596 630 UUCGCAGCCGCAGAGCACAAC
    6597 631 CUGGUUGGUACCAAGGCGCUU
    6598 632 AUCCCUCCAUCCUUGAUGGUA
    6599 633 UGUGCAUAGAAAUCAUAUAAG
    6600 634 ACUCCUUGAGGAUAUUUAGUU
    6601 635 AGCAAUACAUGCUGCCUUCUU
    6602 636 UUCUUCCGAAGGUCCAGUUUC
    6603 637 GUUUCUGAAGCUCUGUCCGCA
    6604 638 GAUCUGCUUGCUGUCUAGCCA
    6605 639 GUCGUUCCAACUCUGAAGGUA
    6606 640 AAGGAAUGGUUUCUUCCCUGG
    6607 641 GAAGCUGGACUUUCGCAGCCG
    6608 642 AAUUCAGACCCUGAUUGCUGA
    6609 643 UCCAGGCCUCCUCAGCAUCUU
    6610 644 CAGAGCAGUCUGAUAGCAGGU
    6611 645 ACAUUUCCUCCAAUAGUUCCU
    6612 646 AGCUGGACUUUCGCAGCCGCA
    6613 647 AUUUCCUCCUGUCGGAUCUGC
    6614 648 ACGGACACAACCCUGAUCUUC
    6615 649 AUUGGAGAGCAAGGGCUUCAG
    6616 650 UCCUUCAACCGUUCACCACUC
    6617 651 UACUUUCACCUUCUCCAUACU
    6618 652 UCACCAAGUUUCUGAAGCUCU
    6619 653 AGUAGCUGACCCACCUCAGGG
    6620 654 UCCUGAAGCUGCUGGGUGGAG
    6621 655 UUGCAUCCUGGAUAUAAUUCC
    6622 656 AGAGUUUAGCUCUGCUUUGCA
    6623 657 CUUCAUUUCCUCCUGUCGGAU
    6624 658 ACUGUCGAAGCUGGUGCUGGU
    6625 659 AAGUAAAUUUCGAAGGAAUGG
    6626 660 UCAGCAAUACAUGCUGCCUUC
    6627 661 UUCCCUGGUGGUUGUUGGUUU
    6628 662 CUGUCGAAGCUGGUGCUGGUA
    6629 663 AGUAAAUUUCGAAGGAAUGGU
    6630 664 CUGCAAGAGAGCUUCUAGCUC
    6631 665 UCCUGGUUGGUACCAAGGCGC
    6632 666 AAGGUCCAGUUUCACUAGCAC
    6633 667 UUACAUAGGUGGUUAUAAUAC
    6634 668 AUAGGUAGAUGCACAGGGAUU
    6635 669 CUUGAUGAACGAGUGCAGGGA
    6636 670 CCAUAUGUAUAGAUGAGCCAG
    6637 671 CUGCUGCUUGUCCUCUAGGGA
    6638 672 UCUCCAUACUGUCCUCAGAUG
    6639 673 CUGGUGCUGGUACCUAUCCGA
    6640 674 UGCUCAGCAAUACAUGCUGCC
    6641 675 ACAUGGGAGAAACUACGACAU
    6642 676 CUACUGCUGGUACACUGACUG
    6643 677 AGUGGUAGAGUUUAGCUCUGC
    6644 678 UCCGAAGGUCCAGUUUCACUA
    6645 679 UGUUCCCGCUGUUGCAUCUGU
    6646 680 ACAGGGAUUCACAUUGACAAU
    6647 681 UGAUGAACGAGUGCAGGGAUG
    6648 682 AGGAAUGGUUUCUUCCCUGGU
    6649 683 CUCUUCUGAUCUUUGCAGCGC
    6650 684 ACACUCCUCUUCAAGGAAGUG
    6651 685 UGUGCCCAUCGAUGACUUGUU
    6652 686 UCUGUCCGCAACAGCCUUAUA
    6653 687 AAUAGGUCAUAAAGCAGUUCG
    6654 688 CUCCUCAGCAUCUUGCACAUG
    6655 689 CUUAUGCAACUCUUCAGUGGU
    6656 690 GUACACUGACUGAUAGAAGAG
    6657 691 UGAAGACUAUGUUCCUUGAUG
    6658 692 GAGGUAGAGACGACAGAGCAG
    6659 693 CUUGUCCACAUCAAUGGUGAA
    6660 694 UGAGUAUUGCAUCCUGGAUAU
    6661 695 CUUCUGAUCUUUGCAGCGCUC
    6662 696 UCUAGGGAGGUAGAGACGACA
    6663 697 UCCCGCUCCUGAAUCUCUUCU
    6664 698 UAGGUAGAUGCACAGGGAUUC
    6665 699 CAUUUCCUCCAAUAGUUCCUU
    6666 700 AGCAGGGACAGCUUCUUCAUU
    6667 701 UCUGCUUUGCACUGCUGUAAU
    6668 702 UGUAGAUCUCAAAGAAUGAGA
    6669 703 GCUAGUGUCUGAGUAUUGCAU
    6670 704 ACUGCACCACUGUUCCCGCUG
    6671 705 AAUAAUAUCUUUAAUAUAACU
    6672 706 AUCGGACAGCAAGCCCGCUGG
    6673 707 UCCUGCUUCCUUCAACCGUUC
    6674 708 UAUGUUCCUUGAUGAACGAGU
    6675 709 AGGUUGAAGAAGGAUGCCUGU
    6676 710 CAAUAUCAUCAUCAAGGCCUG
    6677 711 AGACCUAUUUCUUCAGGAGAG
    6678 712 GUUGUUCUGCAGUUCAGCCAG
    6679 713 CUGCAGUCUGUUGAGCUUUGG
    6680 714 AGUACAUCCUUUACCAUCUCC
    6681 715 CAUGAAUCCAGUUGAGAUCUU
    6682 716 CAUCGGACAGCAAGCCCGCUG
    6683 717 CUCCUGUCGGAUCUGCUUGCU
    6684 718 AUCUUUGCAGCGCUCUGAGCC
    6685 719 AAGGGUCUCCACAUUCUCAAU
    6686 720 AAUACGGACACAACCCUGAUC
    6687 721 CAUUUCCUCCUGUCGGAUCUG
    6688 722 UCACUGCACCACUGUUCCCGC
    6689 723 AGUUAGUGACUCCAUAUGUAU
    6690 724 AUCUUUCACAUAGGGAUUGCC
    6691 725 AGAUGGAACCUGCUGCUUGUC
    6692 726 AUAGAAAUCAUAUAAGUAAAU
    6693 727 AGAGACCUAUUUCUUCAGGAG
    6694 728 UGAGCGUAGGAUCCGGGCAUA
    6695 729 UCGUUCCAACUCUGAAGGUAA
    6696 730 CAAGGGUCUCCACAUUCUCAA
    6697 731 GAACCUGCUGCUUGUCCUCUA
    6698 732 AGGCUAUUGAAGAUCAGCGCC
    6699 733 CUAGUCGCCGAAGCUGGACUU
    6700 734 AUGGGAGAAACUACGACAUCG
    6701 735 CUUCCUUCAACCGUUCACCAC
    6702 736 AUGCUGCCUUCUUCCGAAGGU
    6703 737 CUUCUAACUUCUUGUCCACAU
    6704 738 AGAAGAUGCUGUGACUGCGGC
    6705 739 UUCCCGCUGUUGCAUCUGUUC
    6706 740 CAACCCUGAUCUUCCUGUCGU
    6707 741 AAUUUCGAAGGAAUGGUUUCU
    6708 742 AGAGAGGUGUUAAUGUUUCCU
    6709 743 GAUGUCAUCACAAGUGGUCAA
    6710 744 AAGGGCAGCAAUACAGCGGCC
    6711 745 AUCAUGCAGGAACGGCCUCGG
    6712 746 GCAUCCUGGAUAUAAUUCCUG
    6713 747 CAACUCUUCAGUGGUAGAGUU
    6714 748 UCUGUUCUACCAUCUCAUUGC
    6715 749 ACGCCGUGAGCGUAGGAUCCG
    6716 750 AAUGAGAUCCAGAUGGAGAAG
    6717 751 ACAAGCUCUCUCUGCUGAUUG
    6718 752 UCUCAAAGAAUGAGAUCCAGA
    6719 753 UGGUUGGUACCAAGGCGCUUU
    6720 754 AGUAUACUUUCACCUUCUCCA
    6721 755 AAAUUUCAUCUCGGAGAUGCA
    6722 756 UCUCGGAGAUGCAUCUCCAGC
    6723 757 CUGAAGCUCUGUCCGCAACAG
    6724 758 GUUAAUGUUUCCUGCUUCCUU
    6725 759 UUCGAAGGAAUGGUUUCUUCC
    6726 760 CUGAAGGUGUAGGAUCCUGAU
    6727 761 AAUACAGCGGCCCAGGGUGUG
    6728 762 GUAGGAGCUCCUCUUUGCCAU
    6729 763 ACGAAGGGCAGCAAUACAGCG
    6730 764 AGAAGCGAAUGUUUGCCGGGA
    6731 765 CACUAGCACCAUGUUGUUCUG
    6732 766 GAGAAGAUGCUGUGACUGCGG
    6733 767 AGACUCACCAAGUUUCUGAAG
    6734 768 AGUAUGAUACUGCUCAGCAAU
    6735 769 CAGCCUAGGUCCGAAGACGUG
    6736 770 CAUCAUAGGUAGAUGCACAGG
    6737 771 CUGCUUGUCCUCUAGGGAGGU
    6738 772 ACAGAGCAGUCUGAUAGCAGG
    6739 773 UCCGACUUUCGAUGUAGACAC
    6740 774 AGGGAGGUAGAGACGACAGAG
    6741 775 AGAGCAAGGGCUUCAGAUCAG
    6742 776 CAAACAUGGGAGAAACUACGA
    6743 777 AUACUGCUCAGCAAUACAUGC
    6744 778 ACUCUGAAGGUAACAAGGGCC
    6745 779 ACACAACCCUGAUCUUCCUGU
    6746 780 CAUCCUUGAUGGUACCUUGAA
    6747 781 CACUGCACCACUGUUCCCGCU
    6748 782 UGGAGAGCAAGGGCUUCAGAU
    6749 783 GUAGACACUCCUCUUCAAGGA
    6750 784 CUUGGGUGCUUGUAGAACAAG
    6751 785 GUCGGAUCUGCUUGCUGUCUA
    6752 786 UAGAAGAGAGCCCAGCAAUGC
    6753 787 UCCUUCACAGUUAGGUUGAAG
    6754 788 UCUUCCGAAGGUCCAGUUUCA
    6755 789 CUCGCAUAGCCGCAAAGUCUG
    6756 790 CUAAUAGGUCAUAAAGCAGUU
    6757 791 ACUGCGGCUGGAGUUCUGGUU
    6758 792 CAUCACAAGUGGUCAAGGCUU
    6759 793 CCUCUUCUAACUUCUUGUCCA
    6760 794 ACUCAAACAUGGGAGAAACUA
    6761 795 AUGCAGGAACGGCCUCGGCCU
    6762 796 GGCAACAAGCUCUCUCUGCUG
    6763 797 GUCAUAAAGCAGUUCGUUGUA
    6764 798 GUCCUCAGAUGGAACCUGCUG
    6765 799 GAAGGAAUGGUUUCUUCCCUG
    6766 800 CUUCUAGCUCUUCAAUCUUUU
    6767 801 UCCUGGAUAUAAUUCCUGAUA
    6768 802 UCCCGCUGUUGCAUCUGUUCU
    6769 803 CAAUACGGACACAACCCUGAU
    6770 804 AGUCUGGUCCUGUUUGAUUAA
    6771 805 UCACGGAAGGGAACCAGGUUC
    6772 806 UGCCGGGACAGGUAGUGGGGC
    6773 807 CACUGCUGUAAUUUAGCUUUA
    6774 808 UGGAUAUAAUUCCUGAUAUAU
    6775 809 AGGAUGCCUGUCCCACUUCUG
    6776 810 UGAUAGCAGGUUCUUGCGUAC
    6777 811 ACUUUCGCAGCCGCAGAGCAC
    6778 812 UUCAUUUCCUCCUGUCGGAUC
    6779 813 GAAGGGAACCAGGUUCUGCUU
    6780 814 UCCUCAGCAUCUUGCACAUGA
    6781 815 GAGUACAUCCUUUACCAUCUC
    6782 816 CAUCUCGGAGAUGCAUCUCCA
    6783 817 GUGAACAAUAAUAUCUUUAAU
    6784 818 CUGUCGGAUCUGCUUGCUGUC
    6785 819 UCCUCUAGGGAGGUAGAGACG
    6786 820 AGAAGGAUGCCUGUCCCACUU
    6787 821 GAGUCAACUUGCUGUCACGGA
    6788 822 UGUUGGUUUGGUUGCUGAUUU
    6789 823 AGAUGCUGUGACUGCGGCUGG
    6790 824 AGUGGACAGCUCCUCCUCUUG
    6791 825 UGCUGCCUUCUUCCGAAGGUC
    6792 826 CAAGGAAGUGGACAGCUCCUC
    6793 827 GACAGAGCAGUCUGAUAGCAG
    6794 828 CUGUGGACUCAAACAUGGGAG
    6795 829 UGAAUCUCUUCUUGGUAAAAA
    6796 830 ACCUCCUGAAGCUGCUGGGUG
    6797 831 CUCAAGUAUACUUUCACCUUC
    6798 832 GCUAUUGAAGAUCAGCGCCAG
    6799 833 ACCGUUCACCACUCUUCUGAU
    6800 834 UCCUCCUCUUGGAGGCCUCCA
    6801 835 UCCUCAGAUGGAACCUGCUGC
    6802 836 AUAGGUGGUUAUAAUACAAAA
    6803 837 CACAUCAAUGGUGAAGGGCUU
    6804 838 CAAGAGAGCUUCUAGCUCUUC
    6805 839 GCUUCUAGCUCUUCAAUCUUU
    6806 840 UCCGCAACAGCCUUAUAUUCU
    6807 841 UCCCUGGUGGUUGUUGGUUUG
    6808 842 CACUCGAGUCAACUUGCUGUC
    6809 843 GACUGCUCUUCUCUUUCCCCA
    6810 844 GAGAGACUCACCAAGUUUCUG
    6811 845 GAGACGACAGAGCAGUCUGAU
    6812 846 UUCUUCCCUGGUGGUUGUUGG
    6813 847 UCAGUGACUCCUUGAGGAUAU
    6814 848 AGGAGAGUAGCUGACCCACCU
    6815 849 CUGACUGAUAGAAGAGAGCCC
    6816 850 AUCCCGCUCCUGAAUCUCUUC
    6817 851 GUAAAUUUCGAAGGAAUGGUU
    6818 852 CUUUGCACUGCUGUAAUUUAG
    6819 853 AACAAGGGCCUAACCCUCAAG
    6820 854 CUCUGCUUUGCACUGCUGUAA
    6821 855 CUUGUCAGUGACUCCUUGAGG
    6822 856 AUGGAGAUGUCAGCUUCAUUU
    6823 857 GAAACUACGACAUCGUCAUCG
    6824 858 AGUCUGCCUCUUGCGCUGUUG
    6825 859 GAGUUAGUGACUCCAUAUGUA
    6826 860 ACAAUAAUAUCUUUAAUAUAA
    6827 861 UCCUCUUCAAGGAAGUGGACA
    6828 862 GUGUAGAGAGGUGUUAAUGUU
    6829 863 CACCAAGUUUCUGAAGCUCUG
    6830 864 ACUCACACCUAGUCGCCGAAG
    6831 865 GUUCACCACUCUUCUGAUCUU
    6832 866 ACCUAUUUCUUCAGGAGAGUA
    6833 867 CGAGUCAACUUGCUGUCACGG
    6834 868 AGAGACUCACCAAGUUUCUGA
    6835 869 ACCUUGAAUCGUGUGGGUUUU
    6836 870 CACAGUUAGGUUGAAGAAGGA
    6837 871 AGGUCAUAAAGCAGUUCGUUG
    6838 872 UCCUCUUGGAGGCCUCCAUUU
    6839 873 AACAUGGGAGAAACUACGACA
    6840 874 GUCUGAGUAUUGCAUCCUGGA
    6841 875 CUUCAACCGUUCACCACUCUU
    6842 876 CAGUUUCACUAGCACCAUGUU
    6843 877 CACCUUCUCCAUACUGUCCUC
    6844 878 AACCUUUGUGACCGCCGUAGG
    6845 879 CAUAGCCGCAAAGUCUGCCUC
    6846 880 CUUUCACAUAGGGAUUGCCAU
    6847 881 AACCCUCAAGUAUACUUUCAC
    6848 882 CAUCUGUUCUACCAUCUCAUU
    6849 883 GUCUGAUAGCAGGUUCUUGCG
    6850 884 AUGGAGAAGCGAAUGUUUGCC
    6851 885 GUCUCCACAUUCUCAAUACGG
    6852 886 AUUACAUAGGUGGUUAUAAUA
    6853 887 UGCGGCUGGAGUUCUGGUUGA
    6854 888 CAAGUGGUCAAGGCUUGACGA
    6855 889 UGAUCUUCCUGUCGUUCCAAC
    6856 890 ACCUAGUCGCCGAAGCUGGAC
    6857 891 CUCCUUCACAGUUAGGUUGAA
    6858 892 AGGAUCCUGAUUGAGAAGAUG
    6859 893 CGUCAUCGGACAGCAAGCCCG
    6860 894 AUCUGCAGCUGUGGACUCAAA
    6861 895 UCACUAGCACCAUGUUGUUCU
    6862 896 UCAUCCCGCUCCUGAAUCUCU
    6863 897 UCUGAAGCUCUGUCCGCAACA
    6864 898 GCAUCUGUUCUACCAUCUCAU
    6865 899 AGAUGCACAGGGAUUCACAUU
    6866 900 AGCUCUCUCUGCUGAUUGGAG
    6867 901 GUUUAGCUCUGCUUUGCACUG
    6868 902 GAGUGACAGCUCGCUGAUCUU
    6869 903 AGGUAACAAGGGCCUAACCCU
    6870 904 GAAGAAACCUUGGAACACUCG
    6871 905 AUAUAUGGUAAAGCAUAAAAG
    6872 906 GAGAUCCAGAUGGAGAAGCGA
    6873 907 CAUACAUUUCCUCCAAUAGUU
    6874 908 ACCACUGUUCCCGCUGUUGCA
    6875 909 CUCACCAAGUUUCUGAAGCUC
    6876 910 AUCUCAUUGCAAAUUUCAUCU
    6877 911 CUGUUCCCGCUGUUGCAUCUG
    6878 912 GAGAAACUACGACAUCGUCAU
    6879 913 AGCACCAUGUUGUUCUGCAGU
    6880 914 AUACGGACACAACCCUGAUCU
    6881 915 AAGAGAGCCCAGCAAUGCCAC
    6882 916 CUCGAGUCAACUUGCUGUCAC
    6883 917 AAGGAUGCCUGUCCCACUUCU
    6884 918 UUGCGACAUGACGGCAGGGGC
    6885 919 GAGAGGUGUUAAUGUUUCCUG
    6886 920 AAUCAUAUAAGUAAAUAAAAA
    6887 921 CAAUCAUGCAGGAACGGCCUC
    6888 922 GGGAUUCACAUUGACAAUCAU
    6889 923 AGGUUCUUGCGUACCACAGAC
    6890 924 UCAUUUCCUCCUGUCGGAUCU
    6891 925 CAUCCCGCUCCUGAAUCUCUU
    6892 926 GUUCUGCUUUGACCGGUUCUG
    6893 927 UGCUACAUUUGGAAUUCAAUA
    6894 928 CUUGUAGAACAAGGGUCUCCA
    6895 929 AGGUAGAGACGACAGAGCAGU
    6896 930 UGCUGUCACGGAAGGGAACCA
    6897 931 CUUUGACCGGUUCUGCUGGUU
    6898 932 GAAGAUGCUGUGACUGCGGCU
    6899 933 CAAGUAUACUUUCACCUUCUC
    6900 934 GGGUGCUUGUAGAACAAGGGU
    6901 935 CACCUAGUCGCCGAAGCUGGA
    6902 936 AGCCGCAAAGUCUGCCUCUUG
    6903 937 GGUACCUAUCCGACUUUCGAU
    6904 938 CGACUUUCGAUGUAGACACUC
    6905 939 GAUGCUGUGACUGCGGCUGGA
    6906 940 CAGACCCUGAUUGCUGAUGGG
    6907 941 AUACUUUCACCUUCUCCAUAC
    6908 942 AGGGCUUCAGAUCAGGUGUUG
    6909 943 AGAUCCAGAUGGAGAAGCGAA
    6910 944 ACUUGCUGUCACGGAAGGGAA
    6911 945 AGAGGUGUUAAUGUUUCCUGC
    6912 946 GAAACCUUGGAACACUCGAGU
    6913 947 CAAAGCUCUGGUUCUUACGAC
    6914 948 CUCAUUGGAGAGCAAGGGCUU
    6915 949 CAUCUUGCACAUGAAUCCAGU
    6916 950 UGAGUACAUCCUUUACCAUCU
    6917 951 UGUGGACUCAAACAUGGGAGA
    6918 952 CUGCUGAUUGGAGAGACUCAC
    6919 953 ACGACAUCGUCAUCGGACAGC
    6920 954 CAGUUCGUUGUAGAUCUCAAA
    6921 955 CUCCUUGAGGAUAUUUAGUUU
    6922 956 GAGAAGCGAAUGUUUGCCGGG
    6923 957 AGAAAGGAUCCCUUGCGACAU
    6924 958 CGACAGAGCAGUCUGAUAGCA
    6925 959 UGUAGACACUCCUCUUCAAGG
    6926 960 CGAAGGAAUGGUUUCUUCCCU
    6927 961 UGGAGGCCUCCAUUUAGCAGG
    6928 962 AUGUUUGCCGGGACAGGUAGU
    6929 963 GAUCACAGAGUGACAGCUCGC
    6930 964 CCGCUCCUGAAUCUCUUCUUG
    6931 965 AGCAAUACAGCGGCCCAGGGU
    6932 966 AAAGGAUCCCUUGCGACAUGA
    6933 967 UCACAGUUAGGUUGAAGAAGG
    6934 968 AGUUGAGAUCUUUCACAUAGG
    6935 969 AUUGACAAUCAUGCAGGAACG
    6936 970 CUGAUACUUAUGCAACUCUUC
    6937 971 ACUCUUCAGUGGUAGAGUUUA
    6938 972 CCUGAUUGAGAAGAUGCUGUG
    6939 973 UGAAUCCAGUUGAGAUCUUUC
    6940 974 GCAAGAGAGCUUCUAGCUCUU
    6941 975 CCUCAAGUAUACUUUCACCUU
    6942 976 AAGCUCUGGUUCUUACGACCC
    6943 977 GACUGAUAGAAGAGAGCCCAG
    6944 978 AAAUCAUAUAAGUAAAUAAAA
    6945 979 CUGGUUCUUACGACCCACUUU
    6946 980 CGAAGGGCAGCAAUACAGCGG
    6947 981 CUUCACAGUUAGGUUGAAGAA
    6948 982 AGCAGUCUGAUAGCAGGUUCU
    6949 983 GUAGAGACGACAGAGCAGUCU
    6950 984 GGAGUUUCAACACAGUAUGAU
    6951 985 UGCCCAUCGAUGACUUGUUUC
    6952 986 UCCACAUUCUCAAUACGGACA
    6953 987 ACCUGAAGACUAUGUUCCUUG
    6954 988 UGUCAUCACAAGUGGUCAAGG
    6955 989 CCUUGGAGUUUCAACACAGUA
    6956 990 CUGAGUAUUGCAUCCUGGAUA
    6957 991 CUUUGAGUACAUCCUUUACCA
    6958 992 GUGAGCGUAGGAUCCGGGCAU
    6959 993 GUACAUCCUUUACCAUCUCCU
    6960 994 CUUCUUCCGAAGGUCCAGUUU
    6961 995 GGUACCUUGAAUCGUGUGGGU
    6962 996 AUCCGGGCAUAAGGGCUGCAG
    6963 997 CUUGGAGUUUCAACACAGUAU
    6964 998 AAGGUAACAAGGGCCUAACCC
    6965 999 GUGCUGGUACCUAUCCGACUU
    6966 1000 UUACCUCAUUGGAGAGCAAGG
    6967 1001 UGAGAUCCAGAUGGAGAAGCG
    6968 1002 CUGGAGUUCUGGUUGAGGUGG
    6969 1003 CAGCUGUGGACUCAAACAUGG
    6970 1004 CUGAGUUAGUGACUCCAUAUG
    6971 1005 ACCAUCUCCUUCACAGUUAGG
    6972 1006 GACUCCAUAUGUAUAGAUGAG
    6973 1007 GUUGUUGGUUUGGUUGCUGAU
    6974 1008 GCAACAAGCUCUCUCUGCUGA
  • TABLE 10
    Results for LTB. Score threshold: 70.
    Design: siRNA 21 nt.
    SEQ
    ID siRNA_ siRNA guide strand/
    NO id AS Sequence
    6975 1 UUAUCGGCAGCACUGAAGCUU
    6976 2 UGUUCCUUCGUCGUCUCCCAG
    6977 3 UCAAUUUCCAAACAGUCUCCU
    6978 4 UUUCCAAACAGUCUCCUACAU
    6979 5 UUGACGUACACCCUCUCGCCC
    6980 6 UUUAUCGGCAGCACUGAAGCU
    6981 7 UUCUGAAACCCAGUCCUCCCU
    6982 8 UAAUAGAGGCCGUCCUGCGGG
    6983 9 UCGUGUACCAGAGAGGCCCGU
    6984 10 UACAGAGAGCUGCGCAGCGUG
    6985 11 UCCUUCGUCGUCUCCCAGCCU
    6986 12 UCGAGCAGCAGCUCGGGAGUG
    6987 13 UCUGAAACCCAGUCCUCCCUG
    6988 14 UUCACGCACUCGCACCACGCA
    6989 15 UUCCAAACAGUCUCCUACAUU
    6990 16 AAGAAGGUCUUCCCUCUCGCG
    6991 17 AUAUUCACGCACUCGCACCAC
    6992 18 UCCAGCACUGGAGUCACCGUC
    6993 19 ACUGAUGUUGACGUACACCCU
    6994 20 UCGCGAAGUCCACCAUAUCGG
    6995 21 UAGCCGACGAGACAGUAGAGG
    6996 22 UCACGCACUCGCACCACGCAC
    6997 23 AAGCUUUCCAUUCUUUAUUUU
    6998 24 UAUCGGCAGCACUGAAGCUUU
    6999 25 AUGUUGACGUACACCCUCUCG
    7000 26 AGAAGGUCUUCCCUCUCGCGA
    7001 27 AACAAGGUCACCAGAGAAGUG
    7002 28 AACGCCUGUUCCUUCGUCGUC
    7003 29 UCGUCUCCCAGCCUAGCCCCU
    7004 30 UCGGCGUCCGAGAACUGCGUC
    7005 31 AAUAUUCACGCACUCGCACCA
    7006 32 UCGUCAGAAACGCCUGUUCCU
    7007 33 UACCAGAGAGGCCCGUACCCU
    7008 34 ACUGGAGUCACCGUCUCGGCG
    7009 35 UAUGAGGUGGGCAGCUGGGAG
    7010 36 UGAUGUUGACGUACACCCUCU
    7011 37 AUCAAUUUCCAAACAGUCUCC
    7012 38 UGACGUACACCCUCUCGCCCC
    7013 39 AGUAGAGGUAAUAGAGGCCGU
    7014 40 UGAAGCUUUCCAUUCUUUAUU
    7015 41 CUGAUGUUGACGUACACCCUC
    7016 42 UCCCGCUCGUCAGAAACGCCU
    7017 43 AGCACUGGAGUCACCGUCUCG
    7018 44 CAAUUUCCAAACAGUCUCCUA
    7019 45 AAACGCCUGUUCCUUCGUCGU
    7020 46 UAUUCACGCACUCGCACCACG
    7021 47 AUAGAGGCCGUCCUGCGGGAG
    7022 48 GACAGUGAUAGGCACCGCCAG
    7023 49 AGCUUCUGAAACCCAGUCCUC
    7024 50 AGCAACAAGGUCACCAGAGAA
    7025 51 UUCCUUCGUCGUCUCCCAGCC
    7026 52 UCCGAGAACUGCGUCCCGCUC
    7027 53 AGAGCUGCGCAGCGUGACCGA
    7028 54 CUGCGCAGCGUGACCGAGCGG
    7029 55 AAUAGAGGCCGUCCUGCGGGA
    7030 56 UGAAACCCAGUCCUCCCUGAU
    7031 57 UGUUGACGUACACCCUCUCGC
    7032 58 ACCCAGUCCUCCCUGAUCCUG
    7033 59 ACAAGGUCACCAGAGAAGUGG
    7034 60 UGGAGUCACCGUCUCGGCGCC
    7035 61 AUCGGCAGCACUGAAGCUUUC
    7036 62 AAUUUCCAAACAGUCUCCUAC
    7037 63 AGAAACGCCUGUUCCUUCGUC
    7038 64 UUCAGCGGAGCGCCUAUGAGG
    7039 65 UCACCGUCUCGGCGCCCUCGA
    7040 66 AACUGCGUCCCGCUCGUCAGA
    7041 67 AUUCACGCACUCGCACCACGC
    7042 68 AAAGAAGGUCUUCCCUCUCGC
    7043 69 GUACAGAGAGCUGCGCAGCGU
    7044 70 AGACAGUAGAGGUAAUAGAGG
    7045 71 CAGUAGAGGUAAUAGAGGCCG
    7046 72 UCCAAACAGUCUCCUACAUUU
    7047 73 CAAACAGUCUCCUACAUUUUU
    7048 74 GUAAUAGAGGCCGUCCUGCGG
    7049 75 UUCGUCGUCUCCCAGCCUAGC
    7050 76 AAGGUCUUCCCUCUCGCGAAG
    7051 77 CUGUUCCUUCGUCGUCUCCCA
    7052 78 CCUUCGUCGUCUCCCAGCCUA
    7053 79 UGACUGAUGUUGACGUACACC
    7054 80 UGCACCAGGCCGCCGAACCCC
    7055 81 GAGGUAAUAGAGGCCGUCCUG
    7056 82 UCUUCCCUCUCGCGAAGUCCA
    7057 83 AGAGGUAAUAGAGGCCGUCCU
    7058 84 AUUUCCAAACAGUCUCCUACA
    7059 85 ACAGUAGAGGUAAUAGAGGCC
    7060 86 CAGCUUCUGAAACCCAGUCCU
    7061 87 AACCCAGUCCUCCCUGAUCCU
    7062 88 UCCGGAGCUGCACCAGGCCGC
    7063 89 UCAGAAACGCCUGUUCCUUCG
    7064 90 UCGUCGUCUCCCAGCCUAGCC
    7065 91 CAGCACUGGAGUCACCGUCUC
    7066 92 CAGUCCUCCCUGAUCCUGGGG
    7067 93 ACUGAAGCUUUCCAUUCUUUA
    7068 94 UGCGCAGCGUGACCGAGCGGC
    7069 95 UCAGCGGAGCGCCUAUGAGGU
    7070 96 UCCCUCUCGCGAAGUCCACCA
    7071 97 AGCACUGAAGCUUUCCAUUCU
    7072 98 UAGAGGUAAUAGAGGCCGUCC
    7073 99 ACUCGCACCACGCACUCAUAU
    7074 100 CUCGGCGUCCGAGAACUGCGU
    7075 101 AGGACAGUGAUAGGCACCGCC
    7076 102 GCGAAGUCCACCAUAUCGGGG
    7077 103 GAGCUGCGCAGCGUGACCGAG
    7078 104 GAGAACUGCGUCCCGCUCGUC
    7079 105 ACGCACUCGCACCACGCACUC
    7080 106 GCACUGAAGCUUUCCAUUCUU
    7081 107 ACAGCUAGCAGGAGGGAACCC
    7082 108 ACGCCUGUUCCUUCGUCGUCU
    7083 109 CACCACGCACUCAUAUUCCCU
    7084 110 GUAGAGGUAAUAGAGGCCGUC
    7085 111 ACAGAGAGCUGCGCAGCGUGA
    7086 112 GAGACAGUAGAGGUAAUAGAG
    7087 113 ACUGCGUCCCGCUCGUCAGAA
    7088 114 CGCGAAGUCCACCAUAUCGGG
    7089 115 GUAGCCGACGAGACAGUAGAG
    7090 116 CACUGAAGCUUUCCAUUCUUU
    7091 117 UCGGCAGCACUGAAGCUUUCC
  • TABLE 11
    GalNAC-siRNA conjugates.
    SEQ Passenger SEQ guide
    ID strand ID strand
    NO siRNA_id (sense) NO (antisense)
    7092 Mfap4.1356 GCUACUGCUC 7141 UUCAGAGUUG
    AACUCUGAA AGCAGUAGCC
    G
    7093 Mfap4.760 GCUUCUAUUA 7142 UUGAGGGAGU
    CUCCCUCAA AAUAGAAGCC
    U
    7094 Grhpr.361 GACAGAUGCC 7143 UUCUGCAGUG
    ACUGCAGAA GCAUCUGUCA
    G
    7095 lftg1.698 CGACAUUGAC 7144 UUAGAGGCAG
    UGCCUCUAA UCAAUGUCGU
    G
    7096 ltfg1.680 CACUGAUUAU 7145 UUGAAGUCCA
    GGACUUCAA UAAUCAGUGG
    U
    7146 Mfap4.1356 5′-cscsaGf 7151 5′-UfsUfsc
    modified cUfaCfuGfc AfgAfgUfuG
    UfcAfaCfuC faGfcAfgUf
    fuGfaAfs aGfcsdTsdT
    (NHC6)(Gal -3′
    NAc3)-3′
    7147 Mfap4.760 5′-cscsaGf 7152 5′-UfsUfsg
    modified cUfuCfuAfu AfgGfgAfgU
    UfaCfuCfcC faAfuAfgAf
    fuCfaAfs aGfcsdTsdT
    (NHC6)(Gal -3′
    NAc3)-3′
    7148 Grhpr.361 5′-cscsaGf 7153 5′-UfsUfsc
    modified aCfaGfaUfg UfgCfaGfuG
    CfcAfcUfgC fgCfaUfcUf
    faGfaAfs gUfcsdTsdT
    (NHC6)(Gal -3′
    NAc3)-3′
    7149 Iftg1.698 5′-cscsaCf 7154 5′-UfsUfsa
    modified gAfcAfuUfg GfaGfgCfaG
    AfcUfgCfcU fuCfaAfuGf
    fcUfaAfs uCfgsdTsdT
    (NHC6)(Gal -3′
    NAc3)-3′
    7150 Itfg1.680 5′-cscsaCf 7155 5′-UfsUfsg
    modified aCfuGfaUfu AfaGfuCfcA
    AfuGfgAfcU fuAfaUfcAf
    fuCfaAfs gUfgsdTsdT
    (NHC6)(Gal -3′
    NAc3)-3′
    n: 2′-O-methyl residues
    Nf: 2′-Fluoro residues
    s: phosphorothioate backbone modification
    dN: DNA residue
    (NHC6): Aminohexyl linker
    (GalNAc3): Trinatennary GalNAc cluster
  • TABLE 12
    Human shRNAs sequences
    (sense-loop-antisense sequences)
    SEQ
    ID shRNA-
    NO: id Nucleic acid sequence
    7097 huMfap4.1602 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGATAGGGA
    CTGAAGGTCTCAATATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATATTGAGACCTTCAGT
    CCCTACTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7098 huMfap4.1603 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCAGGGAC
    TGAAGGTCTCAATAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTATTGAGACCTTCAG
    TCCCTATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7099 huMfap4.1642 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGAAACTGG
    CTTCATACACACAAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTTGTGTGTATGAAGC
    CAGTTCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7100 huMfap4.1812 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCAGTGT
    AATAATAACATAATATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATATTATGTTATTATTA
    CACTGTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7101 huMfap4.318 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACAGAAG
    AGATTCAATGGCTCATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATGAGCCATTGAATCTC
    TTCTGGTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7102 huMfap4.350 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCCGCGG
    CTGGAATGACTACAATAGTGAAGC
    CACAGATGTATTGTAGTCATTCCAG
    CCGCGGATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7103 huGrhpr.1125 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGAAAGGTG
    TGATTCTCTGAGGAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTCCTCAGAGAATCAC
    ACCTTCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7104 huGrhpr.1172 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCACATT
    GGTGTTGGACACATTTAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTAAATGTGTCCAACACCA
    ATGTGATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7105 huGrhpr.626 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCTCCAGG
    CAGAGTTTGTGTCTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATAGACACAAACTCTGC
    CTGGAATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7106 huGrhpr.750 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCAACAGC
    TGTGTTCATCAACATTAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTAATGTTGATGAACACAG
    CTGTTTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7107 huGrhpr.752 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCAGCTG
    TGTTCATCAACATCATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATGATGTTGATGAACAC
    AGCTGTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7108 huGrhpr.954 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACATGTC
    CTTGTTGGCAGCTAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTAGCTGCCAACAAGG
    ACATGGTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7109 hultfg1.1364 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGAAAGCAG
    ATGCTTATTTTGTTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATAACAAAATAAGCATC
    TGCTTCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7110 hultfg1.1683 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACCAGCT
    AATTGTCATTCCATATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATATGGAATGACAATTA
    GCTGGGTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7111 hultfg1.2162 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGATCCAGT
    GTTTGTGTATTTATATAGTGAAGCC
    A
    CAGATGTATATAAATACACAAACAC
    TGGAGTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7112 hultfg1.2163 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCCAGTG
    TTTGTGTATTTATAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTATAAATACACAAAC
    ACTGGATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7113 hultfg 1.641 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACAGCAT
    TGACCACTACAAGTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATACTTGTAGTGGTCAA
    TGCTGGTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7114 hultfg1.971 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGATCCTAC
    AAGATTTCAGCAATATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATATTGCTGAAATCTTG
    TAGGACTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
  • TABLE 13
    Mouse shRNA sequences (sense-loop-
    antisense sequences)
    SEQ
    ID
    NO shRNA_id Nucleic acid sequence
    7115 Mfap4.1073 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGAAAAGCC
    AGAAGCTACCTTCTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATAGAAGGTAGCTTCTG
    GCTTTCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7116 Mfap4.1118 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCAGCAG
    TTTCCTTACTGCAGATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATCTGCAGTAAGGAAAC
    TGCTGATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7117 Mfap4.1321 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCTCCCTC
    AAAATTCACCACCAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTGGTGGTGAATTTTG
    AGGGATTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7118 Mfap4.1356 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCGGCTA
    CTGCTCAACTCTGAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTCAGAGTTGAGCAGT
    AGCCGTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7119 Mfap4.274 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACAAGTG
    GACGGTTTTCCAGAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTCTGGAAAACCGTCC
    ACTTGCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7120 Mfap4.760 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCAGGCTT
    CTATTACTCCCTCAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTGAGGGAGTAATAGA
    AGCCTTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7121 Grhpr.1009 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACCCAGC
    GAACTCAAGCTGTAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTACAGCTTGAGTTCG
    CTGGGCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7122 Grhpr.1187 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCTGCCAA
    AAGCCTGTAATTCTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATAGAATTACAGGCTTT
    TGGCAATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7123 Grhpr.1193 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCAAGCCT
    GTAATTCTAGCATTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATAATGCTAGAATTACA
    GGCTTTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7124 Grhpr.720 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACAGCAA
    GGATTTCTTCCAGAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTCTGGAAGAAATCCT
    TGCTGCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7125 Grhpr.361 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACTGACA
    GATGCCACTGCAGAATAGTGAAGC
    CACAGATGTATTCTGCAGTGGCATC
    TGTCAGGTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7126 Grhpr.787 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCAGCAG
    AGGAGATGTGGTAAATAGTGAAGC
    CACAGATGTATTTACCACATCTCCT
    CTGCTGATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7127 Grhpr.736 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACAGCAA
    GGATTTCTTCCAGAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTCTGGAAGAAATCCT
    TGCTGCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7128 Grhpr.1024 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCGCCCAG
    CGAACTCAAGCTGTATAGTGAAGC
    CACAGATGTATACAGCTTGAGTTCG
    CTGGGCATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7129 Grhpr.1025 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACCCAGC
    GAACTCAAGCTGTAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTACAGCTTGAGTTCG
    CTGGGCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7130 lftg1.698 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCACGAC
    ATTGACTGCCTCTAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTAGAGGCAGTCAATG
    TCGTGATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7131 Itfg1.376 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCGCCATC
    CATACACTCAAAAAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTTTTTGAGTGTATGG
    ATGGCATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7132 Itfg1.448 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCGACGCC
    ATAGTTGCCACCTTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATAAGGTGGCAACTATG
    GCGTCTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7133 Itfg1.694 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCGAGGCA
    GATGCTTACTTTGTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATACAAAGTAAGCATCT
    GCCTCATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7134 Itfg1.2450 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACCAGAT
    AAAGTTATTCAAGTATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATACTTGAATAACTTTA
    TCTGGCTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7135 Itfg1.2451 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGACAGATA
    AAGTTATTCAAGTAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTACTTGAATAACTTT
    ATCTGGTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7136 Itfg1.2802 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCTGGATT
    GTCACCGAAGACATATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATATGTCTTCGGTGACA
    ATCCATTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7137 Itfg1.2921 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCAAGCTG
    GTATTTGAATACTAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTAGTATTCAAATACC
    AGCTTTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7138 Itfg1.680 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCACCACT
    GATTATGGACTTCAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTGAAGTCCATAATCA
    GTGGTTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7139 Itfg1.875 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCCACGAC
    ATTGACTGCCTCTAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTAGAGGCAGTCAATG
    TCGTGATGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
    7140 Itfg1.503 TGCTGTTGACAGTGAGCGCACCACT
    GATTATGGACTTCAATAGTGAAGCC
    ACAGATGTATTGAAGTCCATAATCA
    GTGGTTTGCCTACTGCCTCGGA
  • TABLE 14
    Target sequences.
    SEQ ID
    NO: Description Sequence
    7156 Human MFAP4 MKALLALPLLLLLSTPPCAPQVSGIRGDALERFCLQQPLDCDDIYAQGYQSDGVYLIYPSGPSVPVPV
    isoform 1 FCDMTTEGGKWTVFQKRFNGSVSFFRGWNDYKLGFGRADGEYWLGLQNMHLLTLKQKYELRVDLEDFE
    (UniProtKB: NNTAYAKYADFSISPNAVSAEEDGYTLFVAGFEDGGAGDSLSYHSGQKFSTFDRDQDLFVQNCAALSS
    P55083-1, v2) GAFWFRSCHFANLNGFYLGGSHLSYANGINWAQWKGFYYSLKRTEMKIRRA
    7157 Human MFAP4 MGELSPLQRPLATEGTMKAQGVLLKLALLALPLLLLLSTPPCAPQVSGIRGDALERFCLQQPLDCDDI
    isoform 2 YAQGYQSDGVYLIYPSGPSVPVPVFCDMTTEGGKWTVFQKRFNGSVSFFRGWNDYKLGFGRADGEYWL
    (UniProtKB: GLQNMHLLTLKQKYELRVDLEDFENNTAYAKYADFSISPNAVSAEEDGYTLFVAGFEDGGAGDSLSYH
    P55083-2) SGQKFSTFDRDQDLFVQNCAALSSGAFWFRSCHFANLNGFYLGGSHLSYANGINWAQWKGFYYSLKRT
    EMKIRRA
    7158 Human GRHPR MRPVRLMKVFVTRRIPAEGRVALARAADCEVEQWDSDEPIPAKELERGVAGAHGLLCLLSDHVDKRIL
    isoform 1 DAAGANLKVISTMSVGIDHLALDEIKKRGIRVGYTPDVLTDTTAELAVSLLLTTCRRLPEAIEEVKNG
    (UniProtKB: GWTSWKPLWLCGYGLTQSTVGIIGLGRIGQAIARRLKPFGVQRFLYTGRQPRPEEAAEFQAEFVSTPE
    Q9UBQ7-1, v1) LAAQSDFIVVACSLTPATEGLCNKDFFQKMKETAVFINISRGDVVNQDDLYQALASGKIAAAGLDVTS
    PEPLPTNHPLLTLKNCVILPHIGSATHRTRNTMSLLAANNLLAGLRGEPMPSELKL
    7159 Human GRHPR MLGGVPTLCGTGNETWTLLALGQAIARRLKPFGVQRFLYTGRQPRPEEAAEFQAEFVSTPELAAQSDF
    isoform 2 IVVACSLTPATEGLCNKDFFQKMKETAVFINISRYPRATLPSKPGEEPSPLLPSGDFLPRGLLVRPQA
    (UniProtKB: ELAGFHKPNNQLRNSWEYTRPPYREEEPSEWAWPVCFSAVAPTRRGLAHSSVASGSVPREPLQAHYPP
    Q9UBQ7-2) PQRAGLEDLKGPLEAASHTAEPGFVWLWFSDTLNLMLLGGQTLKLTWS
    7160 Human ITFG1 MAAAGRLPSSWALFSPLLAGLALLGVGPVPARALHNVTAELFGAEAWGTLAAFGDLNSDKQTDLFVLR
    (UniProtKB ERNDLIVFLADQNAPYFKPKVKVSFKNHSALITSVVPGDYDGDSQMDVLLTYLPKNYAKSELGAVIFW
    Q8TB96-1, v1) GQNQTLDPNNMTILNRTFQDEPLIMDFNGDLIPDIFGITNESNQPQILLGGNLSWHPALTTTSKMRIP
    HSHAFIDLTEDFTADLFLTTLNATTSTFQFEIWENLDGNFSVSTILEKPQNMMVVGQSAFADFDGDGH
    MDHLLPGCEDKNCQKSTIYLVRSGMKQWVPVLQDFSNKGTLWGFVPFVDEQQPTEIPIPITLHIGDYN
    MDGYPDALVILKNTSGSNQQAFLLENVPCNNASCEEARRMFKVYWELTDLNQIKDAMVATFFDIYEDG
    ILDIWLSKGYTKNDFAIHTLKNNFEADAYFVKVIVLSGLCSNDCPRKITPFGVNQPGPYIMYTTVDA
    NGYLKNGSAGQLSQSAHLALQLPYNVLGLGRSANFLDHLYVGIPRPSGEKSIRKQEWTAIIPNSQLIV
    IPYPHNVPRSWSAKLYLTPSNIVLLTAIALIGVCVFILAIIGILHWQEKKADDREKRQEAHRFHFDAM
    7161 Human ABCC4 MLPVYQEVKPNPLQDANLCSRVFFWWLNPLFKIGHKRRLEEDDMYSVLPEDRSQHLGEELQGFWDKEV
    isoform 1 LRAENDAQKPSLTRAIIKCYWKSYLVLGIFTLIEESAKVIQPIFLGKIINYFENYDPMDSVALNTAYA
    (UniProtKB: YATVLTFCTLILAILHHLYFYHVQCAGMRLRVAMCHMIYRKALRLSNMAMGKTTTGQIVNLLSNDVNK
    015439-1, v3) FDQVTVFLHFLWAGPLQAIAVTALLWMEIGISCLAGMAVLIILLPLQSCFGKLFSSLRSKTATFTDAR
    IRTMNEVITGIRIIKMYAWEKSFSNLITNLRKKEISKILRSSCLRGMNLASFFSASKIIVFVTFTTYV
    LLGSVITASRVFVAVTLYGAVRLTVTLFFPSAIERVSEAIVSIRRIQTFLLLDEISQRNRQLPSDGKK
    MVHVQDFTAFWDKASETPTLQGLSFTVRPGELLAVVGPVGAGKSSLLSAVLGELAPSHGLVSVHGRIA
    YVSQQPWVFSGTLRSNILFGKKYEKERYEKVIKACALKKDLQLLEDGDLTVIGDRGTTLSGGQKARVN
    LARAVYQDADIYLLDDPLSAVDAEVSRHLFELCICQILHEKITILVTHQLQYLKAASQILILKDGKMV
    QKGTYTEFLKSGIDFGSLLKKDNEESEQPPVPGTPTLRNRTFSESSVWSQQSSRPSLKDGALESQDTE
    NVPVTLSEENRSEGKVGFQAYKNYFRAGAHWIVFIFLILLNTAAQVAYVLQDWWLSYWANKQSMLNVT
    VNGGGNVTEKLDLNWYLGIYSGLTVATVLFGIARSLLVFYVLVNSSQTLHNKMFESILKAPVLFFDRN
    PIGRILNRFSKDIGHLDDLLPLTFLDFIQTLLQVVGVVSVAVAVIPWIAIPLVPLGIIFIFLRRYFLE
    TSRDVKRLESTTRSPVFSHLSSSLQGLWTIRAYKAEERCQELFDAHQDLHSEAWFLFLTTSRWFAVRL
    DAICAMFVIIVAFGSLILAKTLDAGQVGLALSYALTLMGMFQWCVRQSAEVENMMISVERVIEYTDLE
    KEAPWEYQKRPPPAWPHEGVIIFDNVNFMYSPGGPLVLKHLTALIKSQEKVGIVGRTGAGKSSLISAL
    FRLSEPEGKIWIDKILTTEIGLHDLRKKMSIIPQEPVLFTGTMRKNLDPFNEHTDEELWNALQEVQLK
    ETIEDLPGKMDTELAESGSNFSVGQRQLVCLARAILRKNQILIIDEATANVDPRTDELIQKKIREKFA
    HCTVLTIAHRLNTIIDSDKIMVLDSGRLKEYDEPYVLLQNKESLFYKMVQQLGKAEAAALTETAKQVY
    FKRNYPHIGHTDHMVTNTSNGQPSTLTIFETAL
    7162 Human ABCC4 MLPVYQEVKPNPLQDANLCSRVFFWWLNPLFKIGHKRRLEEDDMYSVLPEDRSQHLGEELQGFWDKEV
    isoform 2 LRAENDAQKPSLTRAIIKCYWKSYLVLGIFTLIEESAKVIQPIFLGKIINYFENYDPMDSVALNTAYA
    (UniProtKB: YATVLTFCTLILAILHHLYFYHVQCAGMRLRVAMCHMIYRKALRLSNMAMGKTTTGQIVNLLSNDVNK
    O15439-2) FDQVTVFLHFLWAGPLQAIAVTALLWMEIGISCLAGMAVLIILLPLQSCFGKLFSSLRSKTATFTDAR
    IRTMNEVITGIRIIKMYAWEKSFSNLITNLRKKEISKILRSSCLRGMNLASFFSASKIIVFVTFTTYV
    LLGSVITASRVFVAVTLYGAVRLTVTLFFPSAIERVSEAIVSIRRIQTFLLLDEISQRNRQLPSDGKK
    MVHVQDFTAFWDKASETPTLQGLSFTVRPGELLAVVGPVGAGKSSLLSAVLGELAPSHGLVSVHGRIA
    YVSQQPWVFSGTLRSNILFGKKYEKERYEKVIKACALKKDLQLLEDGDLTVIGDRGTTLSGGQKARVN
    LARAVYQDADIYLLDDPLSAVDAEVSRHLFELCICQILHEKITILVTHQLQYLKAASQILILKDGKMV
    QKGTYTEFLKSGIDFGSLLKKDNEESEQPPVPGTPTLRNRTFSESSVW
    SQQSSRPSLKDGALESQDVAYVLQDWWLSYWANKQSMLNVTVNGGGNVTEKLDLNWYLGIYSGLTVAT
    VLFGIARSLLVFYVLVNSSQTLHNKMFESILKAPVLFFDRNPIGRILNRFSKDIGHLDDLLPLTFLDF
    IQTLLQVVGVVSVAVAVIPWIAIPLVPLGIIFIFLRRYFLETSRDVKRLESTTRSPVFSHLSSSLQGL
    WTIRAYKAEERCQELFDAHQDLHSEAWFLFLTTSRWFAVRLDAICAMFVIIVAFGSLILAKTLDAGQV
    GLALSYALTLMGMFQWCVRQSAEVENMMISVERVIEYTDLEKEAPWEYQKRPPPAWPHEGVIIFDNVN
    FMYSPGGPLVLKHLTALIKSQEKVGIVGRTGAGKSSLISALFRLSEPEGKIWIDKILTTEIGLHDLRK
    KMSIIPQEPVLFTGTMRKNLDPFNEHTDEELWNALQEVQLKETIEDLPGKMDTELAESGSNFSVGQRQ
    LVCLARAILRKNQILIIDEATANVDPRTDELIQKKIREKFAHCTVLTIAHRLNTIIDSDKIMVLDSGR
    LKEYDEPYVLLQNKESLFYKMVQQLGKAEAAALTETAKQVYFKRNYPHIGHTDHMVTNTSNGQPSTLT
    IFETAL
    7163 Human ABCC4 MLPVYQEVKPNPLQDANLCSRVFFWWLNPLFKIGHKRRLEEDDMYSVLPEDRSQHLGEELQGFWDKEV
    isoform 3 LRAENDAQKPSLTRAIIKCYWKSYLVLGIFTLIEESAKVIQPIFLGKIINYFENYDPMDSVALNTAYA
    (UniProtKB: YATVLTFCTLILAILHHLYFYHVQCAGMRLRVAMCHMIYRKALRLSNMAMGKTTTGQIVNLLSNDVNK
    O15439-3) FDQVTVFLHFLWAGPLQAIAVTALLWMEIGISCLAGMAVLIILLPLQSCFGKLFSSLRSKTATFTDAR
    IRTMNEVITGIRIIKMYAWEKSFSNLITNLRKKEISKILRSSCLRGMNLASFFSASKIIVFVTFTTYV
    LLGSVITASRVFVAVTLYGAVRLTVTLFFPSAIERVSEAIVSIRRIQTFLLLDEISQRNRQLPSDGKK
    MVHVQDFTAFWDKASETPTLQGLSFTVRPGELLAVVGPVGAGKSSLLSAVLGELAPSHGLVSVHGRIA
    YVSQQPWVFSGTLRSNILFGKKYEKERYEKVIKACALKKDLQLLEDGDLTVIGDRGTTLSGGQKARVN
    LARAVYQDADIYLLDDPLSAVDAEVSRHLFELCICQILHEKITILVTHQLQYLKAASQILILKDGKMV
    QKGTYTEFLKSGIDFGSLLKKDNEESEQPPVPGTPTLRNRTFSESSVWSQQSSRPSLKDGALESQDTE
    NVPVTLSEENRSEGKVGFQAYKNYFRAGAHWIVFIFLILLNTAAQVAYVLQDWWLSYWANKQSMLNVT
    VNGGGNVTEKLDLNWYLGIYSGLTVATVLFGIARSLLVFYVLVNSSQTLHNKMFESILKAPVLFFDRN
    PIGRILNRFSKDIGHLDDLLPLTFLDFIQRWDLAVLSWLVSNS
    7164 Human ABCC4 MLPVYQEVKPNPLQDANLCSRVFFWWLNPLFKIGHKRRLEEDDMYSVLPEDRSQHLGEELQGFWDKEV
    isoform 4 LRAENDAQKPSLTRAIIKCYWKSYLVLGIFTLIEALRLSNMAMGKTTTGQIVNLLSNDVNKFDQVTVF
    (UniProtKB: LHFLWAGPLQAIAVTALLWMEIGISCLAGMAVLIILLPLQSCFGKLFSSLRSKTATFTDARIRTMNEV
    O15439-4) ITGIRIIKMYAWEKSFSNLITNLRKKEISKILRSSCLRGMNLASFFSASKIIVFVTFTTYVLLGSVIT
    ASRVFVAVTLYGAVRLTVTLFFPSAIERVSEAIVSIRRIQTFLLLDEISQRNRQLPSDGKKMVHVQDF
    TAFWDKASETPTLQGLSFTVRPGELLAVVGPVGAGKSSLLSAVLGELAPSHGLVSVHGRIAYVSQQPW
    VFSGTLRSNILFGKKYEKERYEKVIKACALKKDLQLLEDGDLTVIGDRGTTLSGGQKARVNLARAVYQ
    DADIYLLDDPLSAVDAEVSRHLFELCICQILHEKITILVTHQLQYLKAASQILILKDGKMVQKGTYTE
    FLKSGIDFGSLLKKDNEESEQPPVPGTPTLRNRTFSESSVWSQQSSRPSLKDGALESQDTENVPVTLS
    EENRSEGKVGFQAYKNYFRAGAHWIVFIFLILLNTAAQVAYVLQDWWLSYWANKQSMLNVTVNGGGNV
    TEKLDLNWYLGIYSGLTVATVLFGIARSLLVFYVLVNSSQTLHNKMFESILKAPVLFFDRNPIGRILN
    RFSKDIGHLDDLLPLTFLDFIQRWDLAVLSWLVSNS
    7165 Human PAK3 MSDGLDNEEKPPAPPLRMNSNNRDSSALNHSSKPLPMAPEEKNKKARLRSIFPGGGDKTNKKKEKERP
    isoform 1 EISLPSDFEHTIHVGFDAVTGEFTPDLYGSQMCPGKLPEGIPEQWARLLQTSNITKLEQKKNPQAVLD
    (UniProtKB: VLKFYDSKETVNNQKYMSFTSGDKSAHGYIAAHPSSTKTASEPPLAPPVSEEEDEEEEEEEDENEPPP
    075914-1, v2) VIAPRPEHTKSIYTRSWESIASPAVPNKEVTPPSAENANSSTLYRNTDRQRKKSKMTDEEILEKLRS
    IVSVGDPKKKYTRFEKIGQGASGTVYTALDIATGQEVAIKQMNLQQQPKKELIINEILVMRENKNPNI
    VNYLDSYLVGDELWVVMEYLAGGSLTDVVTETCMDEGQIAAVCRECLQALDFLHSNQVIHRDIKSDNI
    LLGMDGSVKLTDFGFCAQITPEQSKRSTMVGTPYWMAPEVVTRKAYGPKVDIWSLGIMAIEMVEGEPP
    YLNENPLRALYLIATNGTPELQNPERLSAVFRDFLNRCLEMDVDRRGSAKELLQHPFLKLAKPLSSLT
    PLIIAAKEAIKNSSR
    7166 Human PAK3 MSDGLDNEEKPPAPPLRMNSNNRDSSALNHSSKPLPMAPEEKNKKARLRSIFPGGGDKTNKKKEKERP
    isoform 2 EISLPSDFEHTIHVGFDAVTGEFTGIPEQWARLLQTSNITKLEQKKNPQAVLDVLKFYDSKETVNNQK
    (UniProtKB: YMSFTSGDKSAHGYIAAHPSSTKTASEPPLAPPVSEEEDEEEEEEEDENEPPPVIAPRPEHTKSIYTR
    075914-2) SVVESIASPAVPNKEVTPPSAENANSSTLYRNTDRQRKKSKMTDEEILEKLRSIVSVGDPKKKYTRFE
    KIGQGASGTVYTALDIATGQEVAIKQMNLQQQPKKELIINEILVMRENKNPNIVNYLDSYLVGDELWV
    VMEYLAGGSLTDVVTETCMDEGQIAAVCRECLQALDFLHSNQVIHRDIKSDNILLGMDGSVKLTDFGF
    CAQITPEQSKRSTMVGTPYWMAPEVVTRKAYGPKVDIWSLGIMAIEMVEGEPPYLNENPLRALYLIAT
    NGTPELQNPERLSAVFRDFLNRCLEMDVDRRGSAKELLQHPFLKLAKPLSSLTPLIIAAKEAIKNSSR
    7167 Human PAK3 MSDGLDNEEKPPAPPLRMNSNNRDSSALNHSSKPLPMAPEEKNKKARLRSIFPGGGDKTNKKKEKERP
    isoform 3 EISLPSDFEHTIHVGFDAVTGEFTNSPFQTSRPVTVASSQSEGKMPDLYGSQMCPGKLPEGIPEQWAR
    (UniProtKB: LLQTSNITKLEQKKNPQAVLDVLKFYDSKETVNNQKYMSFTSGDKSAHGYIAAHPSSTKTASEPPLAP
    075914-3) PVSEEEDEEEEEEEDENEPPPVIAPRPEHTKSIYTRSVVESIASPAVPNKEVTPPSAENANSSTLYRN
    TDRQRKKSKMTDEEILEKLRSIVSVGDPKKKYTRFEKIGQGASGTVYTALDIATGQEVAIKQMNLQQQ
    PKKELIINEILVMRENKNPNIVNYLDSYLVGDELWVVMEYLAGGSLTDVVTETCMDEGQIAAVCRECL
    QALDFLHSNQVIHRDIKSDNILLGMDGSVKLTDFGFCAQITPEQSKRSTMVGTPYWMAPEVVTRKAYG
    PKVDIWSLGIMAIEMVEGEPPYLNENPLRALYLIATNGTPELQNPERLSAVFRDFLNRCLEMDVDRRG
    SAKELLQHPFLKLAKPLSSLTPLIIAAKEAIKNSSR
    7168 Human PAK3 MSDGLDNEEKPPAPPLRMNSNNRDSSALNHSSKPLPMAPEEKNKKARLRSIFPGGGDKTNKKKEKERP
    isoform 4 EISLPSDFEHTIHVGFDAVTGEFTNSPFQTSRPVTVASSQSEGKMGIPEQWARLLQTSNITKLEQKKN
    (UniProtKB: PQAVLDVLKFYDSKETVNNQKYMSFTSGDKSAHGYIAAHPSSTKTASEPPLAPPVSEEEDEEEEEEED
    075914-4) ENEPPPVIAPRPEHTKSIYTRSVVESIASPAVPNKEVTPPSAENANSSTLYRNTDRQRKKSKMTDEEI
    LEKLRSIVSVGDPKKKYTRFEKIGQGASGTVYTALDIATGQEVAIKQMNLQQQPKKELIINEILVMRE
    NKNPNIVNYLDSYLVGDELWVVMEYLAGGSLTDVVTETCMDEGQIAAVCRECLQALDFLHSNQVIHRD
    IKSDNILLGMDGSVKLTDFGFCAQITPEQSKRSTMVGTPYWMAPEWTRKAYGPKVDIWSLGIMAIEM
    VEGEPPYLNENPLRALYLIATNGTPELQNPERLSAVFRDFLNRCLEMDVDRRGSAKELLQHPFLKLAK
    PLSSLTPLIIAAKEAIKNSSR
    7169 Human TRNP1 MPGCRISACGPGAQEGTAEQRSPPPPWDPMPSSQPPPPTPTLTPTPTPGQSPPLPDAAGASAGAAEDQ
    (UniProtKB: ELQRWRQGASGIAGLAGPGGGSGAAAGAGGRALELAEARRRLLEVEGRRRLVSELESRVLQLHRVFLA
    Q6NT89-1, v2) AELRLAHRAESLSRLSGGVAQAELYLAAHGSRLKKGPRRGRRGRPPALLASALGLGGCVPWGAGRLRR
    GHGPEPDSPFRRSPPRGPASPQR
    7170 Human APLN MNLRLCVQALLLLWLSLTAVCGGSLMPLPDGNGLEDGNVRHLVQPRGSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPR
    (UniProtKB: LSHKGPMPF
    Q9ULZ1-1, v1)
    7171 Apelin-36 LVQPRGSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF
    (UniProtKB:
    Q9ULZ1-1, v1
    positions 42-77)
    7172 Apelin-31 GSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF
    (UniProtKB:
    Q9ULZ1-1, v1
    positions 47-77)
    7173 Apelin-28 NGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF
    (UniProtKB:
    Q9ULZ1-1, v1
    positions 50-77)
    7174 Apelin-13 QRPRLSHKGPMPF
    (UniProtKB:
    Q9ULZ1-1, v1
    positions 65-77)
    7175 Human KIF20A MSQGILSPPAGLLSDDDVVVSPMFESTAADLGSVVRKNLLSDCSVVSTSLEDKQQVPSEDSMEKVKVY
    isoform 1 LRVRPLLPSELERQEDQGCVRIENVETLVLQAPKDSFALKSNERGIGQATHRFTFSQIFGPEVGQASF
    (UniProtKB: FNLTVKEMVKDVLKGQNWLIYTYGVTNSGKTHTIQGTIKDGGILPRSLALIFNSLQGQLHPTPDLKPL
    095235-1, v1) LSNEVIWLDSKQIRQEEMKKLSLLNGGLQEEELSTSLKRSVYIESRIGTSTSFDSGIAGLSSISQCTS
    SSQLDETSHRWAQPDTAPLPVPANIRFSIWISFFEIYNELLYDLLEPPSQQRKRQTLRLCEDQNGNPY
    VKDLNWIHVQDAEEAWKLLKVGRKNQSFASTHLNQNSSRSHSIFSIRILHLQGEGDIVPKISELSLCD
    LAGSERCKDQKSGERLKEAGNINTSLHTLGRCIAALRQNQQNRSKQNLVPFRDSKLTRVFQGFFTGRG
    RSCMIVNVNPCASTYDETLHVAKFSAIASQLVHAPPMQLGFPSLHSFIKEHSLQVSPSLEKGAKADTG
    LDDDIENEADISMYGKEELLQVVEAMKTLLLKERQEKLQLEMHLRDEICNEMVEQMQQREQWCSEHLD
    TQKELLEEMYEEKLNILKESLTSFYQEEIQERDEKIEELEALLQEARQQSVAHQQSGSELALRRSQRL
    AASASTQQLQEVKAKLQQCKAELNSTTEELHKYQKMLEPPPSAKPFTIDVDKKLEEGQKNIRLLRTEL
    QKLGESLQSAERACCHSTGAGKLRQALTTCDDILIKQDQTLAELQNNMVLVKLDLRKKAACIAEQYHT
    VLKLQGQVSAKKRLGTNQENQQPNQQPPGKKPFLRNLLPRTPTCQSSTDCSPYARILRSRRSPLLKSG
    PFGKKY
    7176 Human KIF20A MSQGILSPPAGLLSDDDVVVSPMFESTAADLGSVVRKNLLSDCSVVSTSLEDKQQVPSEDSMEKEDQG
    isoform 2 CVRIENVETLVLQAPKDSFALKSNERGIGQATHRFTFSQIFGPEVGQASFFNLTVKEMVKDVLKGQNW
    (UniProtKB: LIYTYGVTNSGKTHTIQGTIKDGGILPRSLALIFNSLQGQLHPTPDLKPLLSNEVIWLDSKQIRQEEM
    095235-2) KKLSLLNGGLQEEELSTSLKRSVYIESRIGTSTSFDSGIAGLSSISQCTSSSQLDETSHRWAQPDTAP
    LPVPANIRFSIWISFFEIYNELLYDLLEPPSQQRKRQTLRLCEDQNGNPYVKDLNWIHVQDAEEAWKL
    LKVGRKNQSFASTHLNQNSSRSHSIFSIRILHLQGEGDIVPKISELSLCDLAGSERCKDQKSGERLKE
    AGNINTSLHTLGRCIAALRQNQQNRSKQNLVPFRDSKLTRVFQGFFTGRGRSCMIVNVNPCASTYDET
    LHVAKFSAIASQLVHAPPMQLGFPSLHSFIKEHSLQVSPSLEKGAKADTGLDDDIENEADISMYGKEE
    LLQVVEAMKTLLLKERQEKLQLEMHLRDEICNEMVEQMQQREQWCSEHLDTQKELLEEMYEEKLNILK
    ESLTSFYQEEIQERDEKIEELEALLQEARQQSVAHQQSGSELALRRSQRLAASASTQQLQEVKAKLQQ
    CKAELNSTTEELHKYQKMLEPPPSAKPFTIDVDKKLEEGQKNIRLLRTELQKLGESLQSAERACCHST
    GAGKLRQALTTCDDILIKQDQTLAELQNNMVLVKLDLRKKAACIAEQYHTVLKLQGQVSAKKRLGTNQ
    ENQQPNQQPPGKKPFLRNLLPRTPTCQSSTDCSPYARILRSRRSPLLKSGPFGKKY
    7177 Human LTB MGALGLEGRGGRLQGRGSLLLAVAGATSLVTLLLAVPITVLAVLALVPQDQGGLVTETADPGAQAQQG
    isoform 1 LGFQKLPEEEPETDLSPGLPAAHLIGAPLKGQGLGWETTKEQAFLTSGTQFSDAEGLALPQDGLYYLY
    (UniProtKB: CLVGYRGRAPPGGGDPQGRSVTLRSSLYRAGGAYGPGTPELLLEGAETVTPVLDPARRQGYGPLWYTS
    Q06643-1, v1) VGFGGLVQLRRGERVYVNISHPDMVDFARGKTFFGAVMVG
    7178 Human LTB MGALGLEGRGGRLQGRGSLLLAVAGATSLVTLLLAVPITVLAVLALVPQDQGGLGFRSCQRRSQKQIS
    isoform 2 APGSQLPTS
    (UniProtKB:
    Q06643-2)
    7179 Human MFAP4 GCAGACACCCAGCCACTCTGAGCAGAACTGACAGCATGAAGGTACGGGGCCCAGGGTCGGGGGACTCA
    transcript TAGCATGGGGGAACTGAGCCCACTCCAGAGGCCCCTGGCCACAGAGGGCACTATGAAGGCACAAGGAG
    variant 1 mRNA TTCTCTTGAAACTCGCACTCCTGGCCCTGCCGCTGCTGCTGCTTCTCTCCACGCCCCCGTGTGCCCCC
    NM_001198695. CAGGTCTCCGGGATCCGAGGAGATGCTCTGGAGAGGTTTTGCCTTCAGCAACCCCTGGACTGTGACGA
    2 CATCTATGCCCAGGGCTACCAGTCAGACGGCGTGTACCTCATCTACCCCTCGGGCCCCAGTGTGCCTG
    (GI:1677501926 TGCCCGTCTTCTGTGACATGACCACCGAGGGCGGGAAGTGGACGGTTTTCCAGAAGAGATTCAATGGC
    version 2) TCAGTAAGTTTCTTCCGCGGCTGGAATGACTACAAGCTGGGCTTCGGCCGTGCTGATGGAGAGTACTG
    GCTGGGGCTGCAGAACATGCACCTCCTGACACTGAAGCAGAAGTATGAGCTGCGAGTGGACTTGGAGG
    ACTTTGAGAACAACACGGCCTATGCCAAGTACGCTGACTTCTCCATCTCCCCGAACGCGGTCAGCGCA
    GAGGAGGATGGCTACACCCTCTTTGTGGCAGGCTTTGAGGATGGCGGGGCAGGTGACTCCCTGTCCTA
    CCACAGTGGCCAGAAGTTCTCTACCTTCGACCGGGACCAGGACCTCTTTGTGCAGAACTGCGCAGCTC
    TCTCCTCAGGAGCCTTCTGGTTCCGCAGCTGCCACTTTGCCAACCTCAATGGCTTCTACCTAGGTGGC
    TCCCACCTCTCTTATGCCAATGGCATCAACTGGGCCCAGTGGAAGGGCTTCTACTACTCCCTCAAACG
    CACTGAGATGAAAATCCGCCGGGCCTGAAGGGCTGGCCCCCTCAGGCACCTTTCCTCCCCTGGACACC
    CATGGTCTCCATGAGTGCTCCCTCTGCTGCCCCTGATGCATGCTTCTGCTGATTCCCGAGCACCAACT
    CCTTACAAGGGGGCCTTGTGGCTCTCAGCCATGCCACATCCCTGTCACACACCCAGGGCATCCATTCC
    TAAGCCAGACCCGGCTCCCCTACACCTGAAGTTACACTGCCAGCAGTTCCCCAGGCCTCTTCCGAGAG
    GCACATGGTTCTAGCCTGGACCTGGCTGGGCTCCATGAGAATGAGTTGCCTCCAACCTGTCCCAACAG
    CTGACAGCCAGGAGCCACTCTCCCAGCTGCAGGCCTTTGTGGTCCATCTTGTCCTGCTTCCTCACTGT
    GGACCCCTGTCTGGGCCACCCTAGTGTGCTAAGCTGAGCAGTGCAGTGTGAACAGGGCCCATGGTGTA
    TTCTAGGCCACAGCCCAGCACTCCTCTGGGCTGCTCTCAAACCATGTCCCATCTTCAGCATCCCTCCC
    ACCAACTTACTCCCCTGTGGTGAGTACCGTGGAACCCCAGCCCACCTCACTATCATACTCAGCTTCCC
    CTGATGGCCCATCCCAGCCCCTGAAGCTCTATGCCAAGAACACAGCTACCGCACACCACCCTGAAACA
    GCCACAGCCAAGGTAGGCATGCATATGAGGTCTTCCCCATACCCTCTGGGTGTTGAGAGGTTTAGCCA
    CATGAGGGAGCAGAGGACAATCTCTGCAGGGCTGGGAGTGGGTAGGGACTGAAGGTCTCAATAAACCT
    TCAGAACCTGAATGAACTGGCTTCATACACACAAACATATTTGTTTATCCCCCAAATGTAGGCACCTG
    GCTCCTCCTTGCTCCCCTGCTGATGGTGTCCTACCCCGAACTCCAAAAATTACACCTGGAGTCAGGTG
    CAGAAGGGAACCTTGTATTTCACAGGCCTCATTTTGATGGCAAAAAGACAGTGTAATAATAACATAAT
    AATAATAAAAATATAATACTGAAAA
    7180 Human MFAP4 GCAGACACCCAGCCACTCTGAGCAGAACTGACAGCATGAAGGCACTCCTGGCCCTGCCGCTGCTGCTG
    transcript CTTCTCTCCACGCCCCCGTGTGCCCCCCAGGTCTCCGGGATCCGAGGAGATGCTCTGGAGAGGTTTTG
    variant CCTTCAGCAACCCCTGGACTGTGACGACATCTATGCCCAGGGCTACCAGTCAGACGGCGTGTACCTCA
    2 mRNA TCTACCCCTCGGGCCCCAGTGTGCCTGTGCCCGTCTTCTGTGACATGACCACCGAGGGCGGGAAGTGG
    NM_002404.3 ACGGTTTTCCAGAAGAGATTCAATGGCTCAGTAAGTTTCTTCCGCGGCTGGAATGACTACAAGCTGGG
    (GI:1677501522 CTTCGGCCGTGCTGATGGAGAGTACTGGCTGGGGCTGCAGAACATGCACCTCCTGACACTGAAGCAGA
    version 3) AGTATGAGCTGCGAGTGGACTTGGAGGACTTTGAGAACAACACGGCCTATGCCAAGTACGCTGACTTC
    TCCATCTCCCCGAACGCGGTCAGCGCAGAGGAGGATGGCTACACCCTCTTTGTGGCAGGCTTTGAGGA
    TGGCGGGGCAGGTGACTCCCTGTCCTACCACAGTGGCCAGAAGTTCTCTACCTTCGACCGGGACCAGG
    ACCTCTTTGTGCAGAACTGCGCAGCTCTCTCCTCAGGAGCCTTCTGGTTCCGCAGCTGCCACTTTGCC
    AACCTCAATGGCTTCTACCTAGGTGGCTCCCACCTCTCTTATGCCAATGGCATCAACTGGGCCCAGTG
    GAAGGGCTTCTACTACTCCCTCAAACGCACTGAGATGAAAATCCGCCGGGCCTGAAGGGCTGGCCCCC
    TCAGGCACCTTTCCTCCCCTGGACACCCATGGTCTCCATGAGTGCTCCCTCTGCTGCCCCTGATGCAT
    GCTTCTGCTGATTCCCGAGCACCAACTCCTTACAAGGGGGCCTTGTGGCTCTCAGCCATGCCACATCC
    CTGTCACACACCCAGGGCATCCATTCCTAAGCCAGACCCGGCTCCCCTACACCTGAAGTTACACTGCC
    AGCAGTTCCCCAGGCCTCTTCCGAGAGGCACATGGTTCTAGCCTGGACCTGGCTGGGCTCCATGAGAA
    TGAGTTGCCTCCAACCTGTCCCAACAGCTGACAGCCAGGAGCCACTCTCCCAGCTGCAGGCCTTTGTG
    GTCCATCTTGTCCTGCTTCCTCACTGTGGACCCCTGTCTGGGCCACCCTAGTGTGCTAAGCTGAGCAG
    TGCAGTGTGAACAGGGCCCATGGTGTATTCTAGGCCACAGCCCAGCACTCCTCTGGGCTGCTCTCAAA
    CCATGTCCCATCTTCAGCATCCCTCCCACCAACTTACTCCCCTGTGGTGAGTACCGTGGAACCCCAGC
    CCACCTCACTATCATACTCAGCTTCCCCTGATGGCCCATCCCAGCCCCTGAAGCTCTATGCCAAGAAC
    ACAGCTACCGCACACCACCCTGAAACAGCCACAGCCAAGGTAGGCATGCATATGAGGTCTTCCCCATA
    CCCTCTGGGTGTTGAGAGGTTTAGCCACATGAGGGAGCAGAGGACAATCTCTGCAGGGCTGGGAGTGG
    GTAGGGACTGAAGGTCTCAATAAACCTTCAGAACCTGAATGAACTGGCTTCATACACACAAACATATT
    TGTTTATCCCCCAAATGTAGGCACCTGGCTCCTCCTTGCTCCCCTGCTGATGGTGTCCTACCCCGAAC
    TCCAAAAATTACACCTGGAGTCAGGTGCAGAAGGGAACCTTGTATTTCACAGGCCTCATTTTGATGGC
    AAAAAGACAGTGTAATAATAACATAATAATAATAAAAATATAATACTGAAAA
    7181 Human GRHPR ACATTCCCGGGCCAGCTTCTGTACTGCCAGGTCCGGGTCGGCGGCTGCACTGCGGATGAGACCGGTGC
    transcript GACTCATGAAGGTGTTCGTCACCCGCAGGATACCCGCCGAGGGTAGGGTCGCGCTCGCCCGGGCGGCA
    variant GACTGTGAGGTGGAGCAGTGGGACTCGGATGAGCCCATCCCTGCCAAGGAGCTAGAGCGAGGTGTGGC
    1 mRNA GGGGGCCCACGGCCTGCTCTGCCTCCTCTCCGACCACGTGGACAAGAGGATCCTGGATGCTGCAGGGG
    NM_012203.2 CCAATCTCAAAGTCATCAGCACCATGTCTGTGGGCATCGACCACTTGGCTTTGGATGAAATCAAGAAG
    (GI:1519473711 CGTGGGATCCGAGTTGGCTACACCCCAGATGTCCTGACAGATACCACCGCCGAACTCGCAGTCTCCCT
    version 2) GCTACTTACCACCTGCCGCCGGTTGCCGGAGGCCATCGAGGAAGTGAAGAATGGTGGCTGGACCTCGT
    GGAAGCCCCTCTGGCTGTGTGGCTATGGACTCACGCAGAGCACTGTCGGCATCATCGGGCTGGGGCGC
    ATAGGCCAGGCCATTGCTCGGCGTCTGAAACCATTCGGTGTCCAGAGATTTCTGTACACAGGGCGCCA
    GCCCAGGCCTGAGGAAGCAGCAGAATTCCAGGCAGAGTTTGTGTCTACCCCTGAGCTGGCTGCCCAAT
    CTGATTTCATCGTCGTGGCCTGCTCCTTAACACCTGCAACCGAGGGACTCTGCAACAAGGACTTCTTC
    CAGAAGATGAAGGAAACAGCTGTGTTCATCAACATCAGCAGGGGCGACGTCGTAAACCAGGACGACCT
    GTACCAGGCCTTGGCCAGTGGTAAGATTGCAGCTGCTGGACTGGATGTGACGAGCCCAGAACCACTGC
    CTACAAACCACCCTCTCCTGACCCTGAAGAACTGTGTGATTCTGCCCCACATTGGCAGTGCCACCCAC
    AGAACCCGCAACACCATGTCCTTGTTGGCAGCTAACAACTTGCTGGCTGGCCTGAGAGGGGAGCCGAT
    GCCTAGTGAACTCAAGCTGTAGCCAAACAGTAGAGATGGAGGGCCGGGAAGCAAACCGTGCCCTGGTA
    TTGTCAGACACACCCAGGCTTGATTTGGATCCACAGGCAGAGCCAAGGGAAGGTGTGATTCTCTGAGG
    AAAGAGTGATTCTGATATATGTACTTGTCACATTGGTGTTGGACACATTTGCGCCAAAAGTATGGTAA
    TTCTATTATTAAATAATTCTCTGAGA
    7182 Human ITFG1 GGGGGCTGAGGGGCTGCCATGGCGGCGGCGGGCCGGCTCCCGAGCTCCTGGGCCCTCTTCTCGCCGCT
    transcript  CCTCGCAGGGCTTGCACTACTGGGAGTCGGGCCGGTCCCAGCGCGGGCGCTGCACAACGTCACGGCCG
    variant AGCTCTTTGGGGCCGAGGCCTGGGGCACCCTTGCGGCTTTCGGGGACCTCAACTCCGACAAGCAGACG
    1 mRNA GATCTCTTCGTGCTGCGGGAAAGAAATGACTTAATCGTCTTTTTGGCAGACCAGAATGCACCCTATTT
    NM_030790.5 TAAACCCAAAGTAAAGGTATCTTTCAAGAATCACAGTGCATTGATAACAAGTGTAGTCCCTGGGGATT
    (GI:1653961895 ATGATGGAGATTCTCAAATGGATGTCCTTCTGACATATCTTCCCAAAAATTATGCCAAGAGTGAATTA
    version 5) GGAGCTGTTATCTTCTGGGGACAAAATCAAACATTAGATCCTAACAATATGACCATACTCAATAGGAC
    TTTTCAAGATGAGCCACTAATTATGGATTTCAATGGTGATCTAATTCCTGATATTTTTGGTATCACAA
    ATGAATCCAACCAGCCACAGATACTATTAGGAGGGAATTTATCATGGCATCCAGCATTGACCACTACA
    AGTAAAATGCGAATTCCACATTCTCATGCATTTATTGATCTGACTGAAGATTTTACAGCAGATTTATT
    CCTGACGACATTGAATGCCACCACTAGTACCTTCCAGTTTGAAATATGGGAAAATTTGGATGGAAACT
    TCTCTGTCAGTACTATATTGGAAAAACCTCAAAATATGATGGTGGTTGGACAGTCAGCATTTGCAGAC
    TTTGATGGAGATGGACACATGGATCATTTACTGCCAGGCTGTGAAGATAAAAATTGCCAAAAGAGTAC
    CATCTACTTAGTGAGATCTGGGATGAAGCAGTGGGTTCCAGTCCTACAAGATTTCAGCAATAAGGGCA
    CACTCTGGGGCTTTGTGCCATTTGTGGATGAACAGCAACCAACTGAAATACCAATTCCAATTACCCTT
    CATATTGGAGACTACAATATGGATGGCTATCCAGACGCTCTGGTCATACTAAAGAACACATCTGGAAG
    CAACCAGCAGGCCTTTTTACTGGAGAACGTCCCTTGTAATAATGCAAGCTGTGAAGAGGCGCGTCGAA
    TGTTTAAAGTCTACTGGGAGCTGACAGACCTAAATCAAATTAAGGATGCCATGGTTGCCACCTTCTTT
    GACATTTACGAAGATGGAATCTTGGACATTGTAGTGCTAAGTAAAGGATATACAAAGAATGATTTTGC
    CATTCATACACTAAAAAATAACTTTGAAGCAGATGCTTATTTTGTTAAAGTTATTGTTCTTAGTGGTC
    TGTGTTCTAATGACTGTCCTCGTAAGATAACACCCTTTGGAGTGAATCAACCTGGACCTTATATCATG
    TATACAACTGTAGATGCAAATGGGTATCTGAAAAATGGATCAGCTGGCCAACTCAGCCAATCCGCACA
    TTTAGCTCTCCAACTACCATACAACGTGCTTGGTTTAGGTCGGAGCGCAAATTTTCTTGACCATCTCT
    ACGTTGGTATTCCCCGTCCATCTGGAGAAAAATCTATACGAAAACAAGAGTGGACTGCAATCATTCCA
    AATTCCCAGCTAATTGTCATTCCATACCCTCACAATGTCCCTCGAAGTTGGAGTGCCAAACTGTATCT
    TACACCAAGTAATATTGTTCTGCTTACTGCTATAGCTCTCATCGGTGTCTGTGTTTTCATCTTGGCAA
    TAATTGGCATTTTACATTGGCAGGAAAAGAAAGCAGATGATAGAGAAAAACGACAAGAAGCCCACCGG
    TTTCATTTTGATGCTATGTGACTTGCCTTTAATATTACATAATGGAATGGCTGTTCACTTGATTAGTT
    GAAACACAAATTCTGGCTTGAAAAAATAGGGGAGATTAAATATTATTTATAAATGATGTATCCCATGG
    TAATTATTGGAAAGTATTCAAATAAATATGGTTTGAATATGTCACAAGGTCTTTTTTTTTAAAGCACT
    TTGTATATAAAAATTTGGGTTCTCTATTCTGTAGTGCTGTACATTTTTGTTCCTTTGTGGAATGTGTT
    GCATGTACTCCAGTGTTTGTGTATTTATAATCTTATTTGCATCATGATGATGGAAAAAGTTGTGTAAA
    TAAAAATAATTAAATGAGCAGGAATTTTTGTGTCCACTTGACTTGGTCTTGCTTCTTATTCTAATGAT
    GCAAATTATACTTTTGTGAATATATCACGGAGTCATTAGGCATTCAGCTTCATCACAGCAGGTCAGGG
    GTCTCACTGATGGCATACAATATAGTGATCGGGTACTCTGACTTGGTAGCACAGTAAGACAGACTTGC
    CTTAAACTCCTAATTCAACCACTTACAAAGTCATTGTTTGAACTTGGCTCTTGTTTAACCTCTGTAAA
    CCTCAGTTTTCTTGTTTATTCAGTGGGGCTAATACTTGAGTTACTGTAAACATTAAATGGGATGATGT
    ATGTGAAGTGCTTAGCTTGGTGCCTAGCACAGAGTAAGTGGTCAATATGTGGTAGTTGTCATTATTAA
    TATTTTAGATGATCTTATTAGACTTATACATCTAATTATAGAAATACATAGACTTGATAGAATTTTAT
    TTTCAGGCATGAAGAAATATTCTTTGGAAAAGCTAAATTTTTGGTGATTGACATAAAGATTTACTTGC
    TCATATTAACTAAAAATTATAGTACTCTCCAAGAATTAATGTGCCCTAAAAATTTTCCTCCAAAAACT
    TATCCTTATCATGTGATAATGAAGAACATTTGATTTCTTGAAAGGAAACTGCTGTAGGCAGCATCTGG
    GAATGCAAATCTTCAATCACATTTCTATTCTCAAACACTTGGAGAAGTCTATAATTTACATTCAGACT
    TCAATGCAAATTTTGTATTGTGAACTTCACATTTCCAAAAAGTTACTTTAAAAAGACTTTAAGACTGA
    AAAAAAAAAGTTTATCAATGCTAATAATTTTCTAGTATGCAAATGGACATGTGATGCCTATAAAACAC
    AAAAATTTCTCTGAAAACAATTTTGTTCTTATTTTTTTCTTTATAGTTCACTGAGATTGGCATGTGTT
    TTTACTTTGTATCTAAGCATGTTAACATGTCTTCTTAATAAATATTCCTTATTGAAA
    7183 Human ABCC4 GCTTCACAGGCTCCAGCCGAGCGGACAGGCGTGGCGGCCGGAGCCCCAGCATCCCTGCTTGAGGTCCA
    transcript GGAGCGGAGCCCGCGGCCACCGCCGCCTGATCAGCGCGACCCCGGCCCGCGCCCGCCCCGCCCGGCAA
    variant GATGCTGCCCGTGTACCAGGAGGTGAAGCCCAACCCGCTGCAGGACGCGAACCTCTGCTCACGCGTGT
    1 mRNA TCTTCTGGTGGCTCAATCCCTTGTTTAAAATTGGCCATAAACGGAGATTAGAGGAAGATGATATGTAT
    NM_005845.5 TCAGTGCTGCCAGAAGACCGCTCACAGCACCTTGGAGAGGAGTTGCAAGGGTTCTGGGATAAAGAAGT
    (GI:1813751621 TTTAAGAGCTGAGAATGACGCACAGAAGCCTTCTTTAACAAGAGCAATCATAAAGTGTTACTGGAAAT
    version 5) CTTATTTAGTTTTGGGAATTTTTACGTTAATTGAGGAAAGTGCCAAAGTAATCCAGCCCATATTTTTG
    GGAAAAATTATTAATTATTTTGAAAATTATGATCCCATGGATTCTGTGGCTTTGAACACAGCGTACGC
    CTATGCCACGGTGCTGACTTTTTGCACGCTCATTTTGGCTATACTGCATCACTTATATTTTTATCACG
    TTCAGTGTGCTGGGATGAGGTTACGAGTAGCCATGTGCCATATGATTTATCGGAAGGCACTTCGTCTT
    AGTAACATGGCCATGGGGAAGACAACCACAGGCCAGATAGTCAATCTGCTGTCCAATGATGTGAACAA
    GTTTGATCAGGTGACAGTGTTCTTACACTTCCTGTGGGCAGGACCACTGCAGGCGATTGCAGTGACTG
    CCCTACTCTGGATGGAGATAGGAATATCGTGCCTTGCTGGGATGGCAGTTCTAATCATTCTCCTGCCC
    TTGCAAAGCTGTTTTGGGAAGTTGTTCTCATCACTGAGGAGTAAAACTGCAACTTTCACGGATGCCAG
    GATCAGGACCATGAATGAAGTTATAACTGGTATAAGGATAATAAAAATGTACGCCTGGGAAAAGTCAT
    TTTCAAATCTTATTACCAATTTGAGAAAGAAGGAGATTTCCAAGATTCTGAGAAGTTCCTGCCTCAGA
    GGGATGAATTTGGCTTCATTTTTCAGTGCAAGCAAAATCATCGTGTTTGTGACCTTCACCACCTACGT
    GCTCCTCGGCAGTGTGATCACAGCCAGCCGCGTGTTCGTGGCAGTGACGCTGTATGGGGCTGTGCGGC
    TGACGGTTACCCTCTTCTTCCCCTCAGCCATTGAGAGGGTGTCAGAGGCAATCGTCAGCATCCGAAGA
    ATCCAGACCTTTTTGCTACTTGATGAGATATCACAGCGCAACCGTCAGCTGCCGTCAGATGGTAAAAA
    GATGGTGCATGTGCAGGATTTTACTGCTTTTTGGGATAAGGCATCAGAGACCCCAACTCTACAAGGCC
    TTTCCTTTACTGTCAGACCTGGCGAATTGTTAGCTGTGGTCGGCCCCGTGGGAGCAGGGAAGTCATCA
    CTGTTAAGTGCCGTGCTCGGGGAATTGGCCCCAAGTCACGGGCTGGTCAGCGTGCATGGAAGAATTGC
    CTATGTGTCTCAGCAGCCCTGGGTGTTCTCGGGAACTCTGAGGAGTAATATTTTATTTGGGAAGAAAT
    ACGAAAAGGAACGATATGAAAAAGTCATAAAGGCTTGTGCTCTGAAAAAGGATTTACAGCTGTTGGAG
    GATGGTGATCTGACTGTGATAGGAGATCGGGGAACCACGCTGAGTGGAGGGCAGAAAGCACGGGTAAA
    CCTTGCAAGAGCAGTGTATCAAGATGCTGACATCTATCTCCTGGACGATCCTCTCAGTGCAGTAGATG
    CGGAAGTTAGCAGACACTTGTTCGAACTGTGTATTTGTCAAATTTTGCATGAGAAGATCACAATTTTA
    GTGACTCATCAGTTGCAGTACCTCAAAGCTGCAAGTCAGATTCTGATATTGAAAGATGGTAAAATGGT
    GCAGAAGGGGACTTACACTGAGTTCCTAAAATCTGGTATAGATTTTGGCTCCCTTTTAAAGAAGGATA
    ATGAGGAAAGTGAACAACCTCCAGTTCCAGGAACTCCCACACTAAGGAATCGTACCTTCTCAGAGTCT
    TCGGTTTGGTCTCAACAATCTTCTAGACCCTCCTTGAAAGATGGTGCTCTGGAGAGCCAAGATACAGA
    GAATGTCCCAGTTACACTATCAGAGGAGAACCGTTCTGAAGGAAAAGTTGGTTTTCAGGCCTATAAGA
    ATTACTTCAGAGCTGGTGCTCACTGGATTGTCTTCATTTTCCTTATTCTCCTAAACACTGCAGCTCAG
    GTTGCCTATGTGCTTCAAGATTGGTGGCTTTCATACTGGGCAAACAAACAAAGTATGCTAAATGTCAC
    TGTAAATGGAGGAGGAAATGTAACCGAGAAGCTAGATCTTAACTGGTACTTAGGAATTTATTCAGGTT
    TAACTGTAGCTACCGTTCTTTTTGGCATAGCAAGATCTCTATTGGTATTCTACGTCCTTGTTAACTCT
    TCACAAACTTTGCACAACAAAATGTTTGAGTCAATTCTGAAAGCTCCGGTATTATTCTTTGATAGAAA
    TCCAATAGGAAGAATTTTAAATCGTTTCTCCAAAGACATTGGACACTTGGATGATTTGCTGCCGCTGA
    CGTTTTTAGATTTCATCCAGACATTGCTACAAGTGGTTGGTGTGGTCTCTGTGGCTGTGGCCGTGATT
    CCTTGGATCGCAATACCCTTGGTTCCCCTTGGAATCATTTTCATTTTTCTTCGGCGATATTTTTTGGA
    AACGTCAAGAGATGTGAAGCGCCTGGAATCTACAACTCGGAGTCCAGTGTTTTCCCACTTATCATCTT
    CTCTCCAGGGGCTCTGGACCATCCGGGCATACAAAGCAGAAGAGAGGTGTCAGGAACTGTTTGATGCA
    CACCAGGATTTACATTCAGAGGCTTGGTTCTTGTTTTTGACAACGTCCCGCTGGTTTGCCGTCCGTCT
    GGATGCCATCTGTGCCATGTTTGTCATCATCGTTGCCTTTGGGTCCCTGATTCTGGCAAAAACTCTGG
    ATGCCGGGCAGGTTGGTTTGGCACTGTCCTATGCCCTCACGCTCATGGGGATGTTTCAGTGGTGTGTT
    CGACAAAGTGCTGAAGTTGAGAATATGATGATCTCAGTAGAAAGGGTCATTGAATACACAGACCTTGA
    AAAAGAAGCACCTTGGGAATATCAGAAACGCCCACCACCAGCCTGGCCCCATGAAGGAGTGATAATCT
    TTGACAATGTGAACTTCATGTACAGTCCAGGTGGGCCTCTGGTACTGAAGCATCTGACAGCACTCATT
    AAATCACAAGAAAAGGTTGGCATTGTGGGAAGAACCGGAGCTGGAAAAAGTTCCCTCATCTCAGCCCT
    TTTTAGATTGTCAGAACCCGAAGGTAAAATTTGGATTGATAAGATCTTGACAACTGAAATTGGACTTC
    ACGATTTAAGGAAGAAGATGTCAATCATACCTCAGGAACCTGTTTTGTTCACTGGAACAATGAGGAAA
    AACCTGGATCCCTTTAATGAGCACACGGATGAGGAACTGTGGAATGCCTTACAAGAGGTACAACTTAA
    AGAAACCATTGAAGATCTTCCTGGTAAAATGGATACTGAATTAGCAGAATCAGGATCCAATTTTAGTG
    TTGGACAAAGACAACTGGTGTGCCTTGCCAGGGCAATTCTCAGGAAAAATCAGATATTGATTATTGAT
    GAAGCGACGGCAAATGTGGATCCAAGAACTGATGAGTTAATACAAAAAAAAATCCGGGAGAAATTTGC
    CCACTGCACCGTGCTAACCATTGCACACAGATTGAACACCATTATTGACAGCGACAAGATAATGGTTT
    TAGATTCAGGAAGACTGAAAGAATATGATGAGCCGTATGTTTTGCTGCAAAATAAAGAGAGCCTATTT
    TACAAGATGGTGCAACAACTGGGCAAGGCAGAAGCCGCTGCCCTCACTGAAACAGCAAAACAGGTATA
    CTTCAAAAGAAATTATCCACATATTGGTCACACTGACCACATGGTTACAAACACTTCCAATGGACAGC
    CCTCGACCTTAACTATTTTCGAGACAGCACTGTGAATCCAACCAAAATGTCAAGTCCGTTCCGAAGGC
    ATTTTCCACTAGTTTTTGGACTATGTAAACCACATTGTACTTTTTTTTACTTTGGCAACAAATATTTA
    TACATACAAGATGCTAGTTCATTTGAATATTTCTCCCAACTTATCCAAGGATCTCCAGCTCTAACAAA
    ATGGTTTATTTTTATTTAAATGTCAATAGTTGTTTTTTAAAATCCAAATCAGAGGTGCAGGCCACCAG
    TTAAATGCCGTCTATCAGGTTTTGTGCCTTAAGAGACTACAGAGTCAAAGCTCATTTTTAAAGGAGTA
    GGACAAAGTTGTCACAGGTTTTTGTTGTTGTTTTTATTGCCCCCAAAATTACATGTTAATTTCCATTT
    ATATCAGGGATTCTATTTACTTGAAGACTGTGAAGTTGCCATTTTGTCTCATTGTTTTCTTTGACATA
    ACTAGGATCCATTATTTCCCCTGAAGGCTTCTTGTTAGAAAATAGTACAGTTACAACCAATAGG
    AACAACAAAAAGAAAAAGTTTGTGACATTGTAGTAGGGAGTGTGTACCCCTTACTCCCCATCAAAAAA
    AAAAATGGATACATGGTTAAAGGATAGAAGGGCAATATTTTATCATATGTTCTAAAAGAGAAGGAAGA
    GAAAATACTACTTTCTCAAAATGGAAGCCCTTAAAGGTGCTTTGATACTGAAGGACACAAATGTGACC
    GTCCATCCTCCTTTAGAGTTGCATGACTTGGACACGGTAACTGTTGCAGTTTTAGACTCAGCATTGTG
    ACACTTCCCAAGAAGGCCAAACCTCTAACCGACATTCCTGAAATACGTGGCATTATTCTTTTTTGGAT
    TTCTCATTTATGGAAGGCTAACCCTCTGTTGACTGTAAGCCTTTTGGTTTGGGCTGTATTGAAATCCT
    TTCTAAATTGCATGAATAGGCTCTGCTAACGTGATGAGACAAACTGAAAATTATTGCAAGCATTGACT
    ATAATTATGCAGTACGTTCTCAGGATGCATCCAGGGGTTCATTTTCATGAGCCTGTCCAGGTTAGTTT
    ACTCCTGACCACTAATAGCATTGTCATTTGGGCTTTCTGTTGAATGAATCAACAAACCACAATACTTC
    CTGGGACCTTTTGTACTTTATTTGAACTATGAGTCTTTAATTTTTCCTGATGATGGTGGCTGTAATAT
    GTTGAGTTCAGTTTACTAAAGGTTTTACTATTATGGTTTGAAGTGGAGTCTCATGACCTCTCAGAATA
    AGGTGTCACCTCCCTGAAATTGCATATATGTATATAGACATGCACACGTGTGCATTTGTTTGTATACA
    TATATTTGTCCTTCGTATAGCAAGTTTTTTGCTCATCAGCAGAGAGCAACAGATGTTTTATTGAGTGA
    AGCCTTAAAAAGCACACACCACACACAGCTAACTGCCAAAATACATTGACCGTAGTAGCTGTTCAACT
    CCTAGTACTTAGAAATACACGTATGGTTAATGTTCAGTCCAACAAACCACACACAGTAAATGTTTATT
    AATAGTCATGGTTCGTATTTTAGGTGACTGAAATTGCATCAGTGATCATAATGAGGTTTGTTAAAACG
    ATAGCTATATTCAAAATGTCTATATGTTTATTTGGACTTTTGAGGTTAAAGACAGTCATATAAACGTC
    CTGTTTCTGTTTTAATGTTATCATAGAATTTTTTAATGAAACTAAATTCAATTGAAATAAATGATAGT
    TTTCATCTCCA
    7184 Human ABCC4 GCTTCACAGGCTCCAGCCGAGCGGACAGGCGTGGCGGCCGGAGCCCCAGCATCCCTGCTTGAGGTCCA
    transcript GGAGCGGAGCCCGCGGCCACCGCCGCCTGATCAGCGCGACCCCGGCCCGCGCCCGCCCCGCCCGGCAA
    variant GATGCTGCCCGTGTACCAGGAGGTGAAGCCCAACCCGCTGCAGGACGCGAACCTCTGCTCACGCGTGT
    2 mRNA TCTTCTGGTGGCTCAATCCCTTGTTTAAAATTGGCCATAAACGGAGATTAGAGGAAGATGATATGTAT
    NM_001105515. TCAGTGCTGCCAGAAGACCGCTCACAGCACCTTGGAGAGGAGTTGCAAGGGTTCTGGGATAAAGAAGT
    3 TTTAAGAGCTGAGAATGACGCACAGAAGCCTTCTTTAACAAGAGCAATCATAAAGTGTTACTGGAAAT
    (GI:1677498821 CTTATTTAGTTTTGGGAATTTTTACGTTAATTGAGGAAAGTGCCAAAGTAATCCAGCCCATATTTTTG
    version 3) GGAAAAATTATTAATTATTTTGAAAATTATGATCCCATGGATTCTGTGGCTTTGAACACAGCGTACGC
    CTATGCCACGGTGCTGACTTTTTGCACGCTCATTTTGGCTATACTGCATCACTTATATTTTTATCACG
    TTCAGTGTGCTGGGATGAGGTTACGAGTAGCCATGTGCCATATGATTTATCGGAAGGCACTTCGTCTT
    AGTAACATGGCCATGGGGAAGACAACCACAGGCCAGATAGTCAATCTGCTGTCCAATGATGTGAACAA
    GTTTGATCAGGTGACAGTGTTCTTACACTTCCTGTGGGCAGGACCACTGCAGGCGATTGCAGTGACTG
    CCCTACTCTGGATGGAGATAGGAATATCGTGCCTTGCTGGGATGGCAGTTCTAATCATTCTCCTGCCC
    TTGCAAAGCTGTTTTGGGAAGTTGTTCTCATCACTGAGGAGTAAAACTGCAACTTTCACGGATGCCAG
    GATCAGGACCATGAATGAAGTTATAACTGGTATAAGGATAATAAAAATGTACGCCTGGGAAAAGTCAT
    TTTCAAATCTTATTACCAATTTGAGAAAGAAGGAGATTTCCAAGATTCTGAGAAGTTCCTGCCTCAGA
    GGGATGAATTTGGCTTCATTTTTCAGTGCAAGCAAAATCATCGTGTTTGTGACCTTCACCACCTACGT
    GCTCCTCGGCAGTGTGATCACAGCCAGCCGCGTGTTCGTGGCAGTGACGCTGTATGGGGCTGTGCGGC
    TGACGGTTACCCTCTTCTTCCCCTCAGCCATTGAGAGGGTGTCAGAGGCAATCGTCAGCATCCGAAGA
    ATCCAGACCTTTTTGCTACTTGATGAGATATCACAGCGCAACCGTCAGCTGCCGTCAGATGGTAAAAA
    GATGGTGCATGTGCAGGATTTTACTGCTTTTTGGGATAAGGCATCAGAGACCCCAACTCTACAAGGCC
    TTTCCTTTACTGTCAGACCTGGCGAATTGTTAGCTGTGGTCGGCCCCGTGGGAGCAGGGAAGTCATCA
    CTGTTAAGTGCCGTGCTCGGGGAATTGGCCCCAAGTCACGGGCTGGTCAGCGTGCATGGAAGAATTGC
    CTATGTGTCTCAGCAGCCCTGGGTGTTCTCGGGAACTCTGAGGAGTAATATTTTATTTGGGAAGAAAT
    ACGAAAAGGAACGATATGAAAAAGTCATAAAGGCTTGTGCTCTGAAAAAGGATTTACAGCTGTTGGAG
    GATGGTGATCTGACTGTGATAGGAGATCGGGGAACCACGCTGAGTGGAGGGCAGAAAGCACGGGTAAA
    CCTTGCAAGAGCAGTGTATCAAGATGCTGACATCTATCTCCTGGACGATCCTCTCAGTGCAGTAGATG
    CGGAAGTTAGCAGACACTTGTTCGAACTGTGTATTTGTCAAATTTTGCATGAGAAGATCACAATTTTA
    GTGACTCATCAGTTGCAGTACCTCAAAGCTGCAAGTCAGATTCTGATATTGAAAGATGGTAAAATGGT
    GCAGAAGGGGACTTACACTGAGTTCCTAAAATCTGGTATAGATTTTGGCTCCCTTTTAAAGAAGGATA
    ATGAGGAAAGTGAACAACCTCCAGTTCCAGGAACTCCCACACTAAGGAATCGTACCTTCTCAGAGTCT
    TCGGTTTGGTCTCAACAATCTTCTAGACCCTCCTTGAAAGATGGTGCTCTGGAGAGCCAAGATACAGA
    GAATGTCCCAGTTACACTATCAGAGGAGAACCGTTCTGAAGGAAAAGTTGGTTTTCAGGCCTATAAGA
    ATTACTTCAGAGCTGGTGCTCACTGGATTGTCTTCATTTTCCTTATTCTCCTAAACACTGCAGCTC
    AGGTTGCCTATGTGCTTCAAGATTGGTGGCTTTCATACTGGGCAAACAAACAAAGTATGCTAAATGTC
    ACTGTAAATGGAGGAGGAAATGTAACCGAGAAGCTAGATCTTAACTGGTACTTAGGAATTTATTCAGG
    TTTAACTGTAGCTACCGTTCTTTTTGGCATAGCAAGATCTCTATTGGTATTCTACGTCCTTGTTAACT
    CTTCACAAACTTTGCACAACAAAATGTTTGAGTCAATTCTGAAAGCTCCGGTATTATTCTTTGATAGA
    AATCCAATAGGAAGAATTTTAAATCGTTTCTCCAAAGACATTGGACACTTGGATGATTTGCTGCCGCT
    GACGTTTTTAGATTTCATCCAGAGATGGGATCTCGCTGTGTTGTCCTGGCTGGTCTCAAACTCCTAGG
    CTCAAGCAATCCTCCTCCCTCCTCAAGCAAACCTCAGTGCTGGGATTATAGGCATGAGCCACTGTACC
    TGGCTAAATGTTGTTTTTTTGATATTCAATTTTTGTTTATAGAATTTTCATTTGTTTTGCTCTTATAC
    TTTTCATCTTTTTATGTTTATTGACCAATTAAATATCATTTGGGTAAGCACCTATTTAAGTGTCTTAA
    CAATTTTTCTATTGAGTACTCTGGGTTTTTGTTTTGTTTTTCTTACTGATTTGTAGAATTCTTTATGT
    ATTCTGAATTGCAGATACCTTCCTTCTGTACTAATGCTTATCTTTTTAGCCCTGTAATATTGTGTTTT
    CATAAACATACTTATCAATCTTT
    7185 Human ABCC4 GCTTCACAGGCTCCAGCCGAGCGGACAGGCGTGGCGGCCGGAGCCCCAGCATCCCTGCTTGAGGTCCA
    transcript GGAGCGGAGCCCGCGGCCACCGCCGCCTGATCAGCGCGACCCCGGCCCGCGCCCGCCCCGCCCGGCAA
    variant GATGCTGCCCGTGTACCAGGAGGTGAAGCCCAACCCGCTGCAGGACGCGAACCTCTGCTCACGCGTGT
    3 mRNA TCTTCTGGTGGCTCAATCCCTTGTTTAAAATTGGCCATAAACGGAGATTAGAGGAAGATGATATGTAT
    NM_001301829. TCAGTGCTGCCAGAAGACCGCTCACAGCACCTTGGAGAGGAGTTGCAAGGGTTCTGGGATAAAGAAGT
    2 TTTAAGAGCTGAGAATGACGCACAGAAGCCTTCTTTAACAAGAGCAATCATAAAGTGTTACTGGAAAT
    (GI:1677530022 CTTATTTAGTTTTGGGAATTTTTACGTTAATTGAGGAAAGTGCCAAAGTAATCCAGCCCATATTTTTG
    version 2) GGAAAAATTATTAATTATTTTGAAAATTATGATCCCATGGATTCTGTGGCTTTGAACACAGCGTACGC
    CTATGCCACGGTGCTGACTTTTTGCACGCTCATTTTGGCTATACTGCATCACTTATATTTTTATCACG
    TTCAGTGTGCTGGGATGAGGTTACGAGTAGCCATGTGCCATATGATTTATCGGAAGGCACTTCGTCTT
    AGTAACATGGCCATGGGGAAGACAACCACAGGCCAGATAGTCAATCTGCTGTCCAATGATGTGAACAA
    GTTTGATCAGGTGACAGTGTTCTTACACTTCCTGTGGGCAGGACCACTGCAGGCGATTGCAGTGACTG
    CCCTACTCTGGATGGAGATAGGAATATCGTGCCTTGCTGGGATGGCAGTTCTAATCATTCTCCTGCCC
    TTGCAAAGCTGTTTTGGGAAGTTGTTCTCATCACTGAGGAGTAAAACTGCAACTTTCACGGATGCCAG
    GATCAGGACCATGAATGAAGTTATAACTGGTATAAGGATAATAAAAATGTACGCCTGGGAAAAGTCAT
    TTTCAAATCTTATTACCAATTTGAGAAAGAAGGAGATTTCCAAGATTCTGAGAAGTTCCTGCCTCAGA
    GGGATGAATTTGGCTTCATTTTTCAGTGCAAGCAAAATCATCGTGTTTGTGACCTTCACCACCTACGT
    GCTCCTCGGCAGTGTGATCACAGCCAGCCGCGTGTTCGTGGCAGTGACGCTGTATGGGGCTGTGCGGC
    TGACGGTTACCCTCTTCTTCCCCTCAGCCATTGAGAGGGTGTCAGAGGCAATCGTCAGCATCCGAAGA
    ATCCAGACCTTTTTGCTACTTGATGAGATATCACAGCGCAACCGTCAGCTGCCGTCAGATGGTAAAAA
    GATGGTGCATGTGCAGGATTTTACTGCTTTTTGGGATAAGGCATCAGAGACCCCAACTCTACAAGGCC
    TTTCCTTTACTGTCAGACCTGGCGAATTGTTAGCTGTGGTCGGCCCCGTGGGAGCAGGGAAGTCATCA
    CTGTTAAGTGCCGTGCTCGGGGAATTGGCCCCAAGTCACGGGCTGGTCAGCGTGCATGGAAGAATTGC
    CTATGTGTCTCAGCAGCCCTGGGTGTTCTCGGGAACTCTGAGGAGTAATATTTTATTTGGGAAGAAAT
    ACGAAAAGGAACGATATGAAAAAGTCATAAAGGCTTGTGCTCTGAAAAAGGATTTACAGCTGTTGGAG
    GATGGTGATCTGACTGTGATAGGAGATCGGGGAACCACGCTGAGTGGAGGGCAGAAAGCACGGGTAAA
    CCTTGCAAGAGCAGTGTATCAAGATGCTGACATCTATCTCCTGGACGATCCTCTCAGTGCAGTAGATG
    CGGAAGTTAGCAGACACTTGTTCGAACTGTGTATTTGTCAAATTTTGCATGAGAAGATCACAATTTTA
    GTGACTCATCAGTTGCAGTACCTCAAAGCTGCAAGTCAGATTCTGATATTGAAAGATGGTAAAATGGT
    GCAGAAGGGGACTTACACTGAGTTCCTAAAATCTGGTATAGATTTTGGCTCCCTTTTAAAGAAGGATA
    ATGAGGAAAGTGAACAACCTCCAGTTCCAGGAACTCCCACACTAAGGAATCGTACCTTCTCAGAGTCT
    TCGGTTTGGTCTCAACAATCTTCTAGACCCTCCTTGAAAGATGGTGCTCTGGAGAGCCAAGATGTTGC
    CTATGTGCTTCAAGATTGGTGGCTTTCATACTGGGCAAACAAACAAAGTATGCTAAATGTCACTGTAA
    ATGGAGGAGGAAATGTAACCGAGAAGCTAGATCTTAACTGGTACTTAGGAATTTATTCAGGTTTAACT
    GTAGCTACCGTTCTTTTTGGCATAGCAAGATCTCTATTGGTATTCTACGTCCTTGTTAACTCTTCACA
    AACTTTGCACAACAAAATGTTTGAGTCAATTCTGAAAGCTCCGGTATTATTCTTTGATAGAAATCCAA
    TAGGAAGAATTTTAAATCGTTTCTCCAAAGACATTGGACACTTGGATGATTTGCTGCCGCTGACGTTT
    TTAGATTTCATCCAGACATTGCTACAAGTGGTTGGTGTGGTCTCTGTGGCTGTGGCCGTGATTCCTTG
    GATCGCAATACCCTTGGTTCCCCTTGGAATCATTTTCATTTTTCTTCGGCGATATTTTTTGGAAACGT
    CAAGAGATGTGAAGCGCCTGGAATCTACAACTCGGAGTCCAGTGTTTTCCCACTTATCATCTTCTCTC
    CAGGGGCTCTGGACCATCCGGGCATACAAAGCAGAAGAGAGGTGTCAGGAACTGTTTGATGCACACCA
    GGATTTACATTCAGAGGCTTGGTTCTTGTTTTTGACAACGTCCCGCTGGTTTGCCGTCCGTCTGGATG
    CCATCTGTGCCATGTTTGTCATCATCGTTGCCTTTGGGTCCCTGATTCTGGCAAAAACTCTGGATGCC
    GGGCAGGTTGGTTTGGCACTGTCCTATGCCCTCACGCTCATGGGGATGTTTCAGTGGTGTGTTCGACA
    AAGTGCTGAAGTTGAGAATATGATGATCTCAGTAGAAAGGGTCATTGAATACACAGACCTTGAAAAAG
    AAGCACCTTGGGAATATCAGAAACGCCCACCACCAGCCTGGCCCCATGAAGGAGTGATAATCTTTGAC
    AATGTGAACTTCATGTACAGTCCAGGTGGGCCTCTGGTACTGAAGCATCTGACAGCACTCATTAAATC
    ACAAGAAAAGGTTGGCATTGTGGGAAGAACCGGAGCTGGAAAAAGTTCCCTCATCTCAGCCCTTTTTA
    GATTGTCAGAACCCGAAGGTAAAATTTGGATTGATAAGATCTTGACAACTGAAATTGGACTTCACGAT
    TTAAGGAAGAAGATGTCAATCATACCTCAGGAACCTGTTTTGTTCACTGGAACAATGAGGAAAAACCT
    GGATCCCTTTAATGAGCACACGGATGAGGAACTGTGGAATGCCTTACAAGAGGTACAACTTAAAGAAA
    CCATTGAAGATCTTCCTGGTAAAATGGATACTGAATTAGCAGAATCAGGATCCAATTTTAGTGTTGGA
    CAAAGACAACTGGTGTGCCTTGCCAGGGCAATTCTCAGGAAAAATCAGATATTGATTATTGATGAAGC
    GACGGCAAATGTGGATCCAAGAACTGATGAGTTAATACAAAAAAAAATCCGGGAGAAATTTGCCCACT
    GCACCGTGCTAACCATTGCACACAGATTGAACACCATTATTGACAGCGACAAGATAATGGTTTTAGAT
    TCAGGAAGACTGAAAGAATATGATGAGCCGTATGTTTTGCTGCAAAATAAAGAGAGCCTATTTTACAA
    GATGGTGCAACAACTGGGCAAGGCAGAAGCCGCTGCCCTCACTGAAACAGCAAAACAGGTATACTTCA
    AAAGAAATTATCCACATATTGGTCACACTGACCACATGGTTACAAACACTTCCAATGGACAGCCCTCG
    ACCTTAACTATTTTCGAGACAGCACTGTGAATCCAACCAAAATGTCAAGTCCGTTCCGAAGGCATTTT
    CCACTAGTTTTTGGACTATGTAAACCACATTGTACTTTTTTTTACTTTGGCAACAAATATTTATACAT
    ACAAGATGCTAGTTCATTTGAATATTTCTCCCAACTTATCCAAGGATCTCCAGCTCTAACAAAATGGT
    TTATTTTTATTTAAATGTCAATAGTTGTTTTTTAAAATCCAAATCAGAGGTGCAGGCCACCAGTTAAA
    TGCCGTCTATCAGGTTTTGTGCCTTAAGAGACTACAGAGTCAAAGCTCATTTTTAAAGGAGTAGGACA
    AAGTTGTCACAGGTTTTTGTTGTTGTTTTTATTGCCCCCAAAATTACATGTTAATTTCCATTTATATC
    AGGGATTCTATTTACTTGAAGACTGTGAAGTTGCCATTTTGTCTCATTGTTTTCTTTGACATAACTAG
    GATCCATTATTTCCCCTGAAGGCTTCTTGTTAGAAAATAGTACAGTTACAACCAATAGGAACAACAAA
    AAGAAAAAGTTTGTGACATTGTAGTAGGGAGTGTGTACCCCTTACTCCCCATCAAAAAAAAAAATGGA
    TACATGGTTAAAGGATAGAAGGGCAATATTTTATCATATGTTCTAAAAGAGAAGGAAGAGAAAATACT
    ACTTTCTCAAAATGGAAGCCCTTAAAGGTGCTTTGATACTGAAGGACACAAATGTGACCGTCCATCCT
    CCTTTAGAGTTGCATGACTTGGACACGGTAACTGTTGCAGTTTTAGACTCAGCATTGTGACACTTCCC
    AAGAAGGCCAAACCTCTAACCGACATTCCTGAAATACGTGGCATTATTCTTTTTTGGATTTCTCATTT
    ATGGAAGGCTAACCCTCTGTTGACTGTAAGCCTTTTGGTTTGGGCTGTATTGAAATCCTTTCTAAATT
    GCATGAATAGGCTCTGCTAACGTGATGAGACAAACTGAAAATTATTGCAAGCATTGACTATAATTATG
    CAGTACGTTCTCAGGATGCATCCAGGGGTTCATTTTCATGAGCCTGTCCAGGTTAGTTTACTCCTGAC
    CACTAATAGCATTGTCATTTGGGCTTTCTGTTGAATGAATCAACAAACCACAATACTTCCTGGGACCT
    TTTGTACTTTATTTGAACTATGAGTCTTTAATTTTTCCTGATGATGGTGGCTGTAATATGTTGAGTTC
    AGTTTACTAAAGGTTTTACTATTATGGTTTGAAGTGGAGTCTCATGACCTCTCAGAATAAGGTGTCAC
    CTCCCTGAAATTGCATATATGTATATAGACATGCACACGTGTGCATTTGTTTGTATACATATATTTGT
    CCTTCGTATAGCAAGTTTTTTGCTCATCAGCAGAGAGCAACAGATGTTTTATTGAGTGAAGCCTTAAA
    AAGCACACACCACACACAGCTAACTGCCAAAATACATTGACCGTAGTAGCTGTTCAACTCCTAGTACT
    TAGAAATACACGTATGGTTAATGTTCAGTCCAACAAACCACACACAGTAAATGTTTATTAATAGTCAT
    GGTTCGTATTTTAGGTGACTGAAATTGCATCAGTGATCATAATGAGGTTTGTTAAAACGATAGCTATA
    TTCAAAATGTCTATATGTTTATTTGGACTTTTGAGGTTAAAGACAGTCATATAAACGTCCTGTTTCTG
    TTTTAATGTTATCATAGAATTTTTTAATGAAACTAAATTCAATTGAAATAAATGATAGTTTTCATCTC
    CA
    7186 Human ABCC4 GCTTCACAGGCTCCAGCCGAGCGGACAGGCGTGGCGGCCGGAGCCCCAGCATCCCTGCTTGAGGTCCA
    transcript GGAGCGGAGCCCGCGGCCACCGCCGCCTGATCAGCGCGACCCCGGCCCGCGCCCGCCCCGCCCGGCAA
    variant GATGCTGCCCGTGTACCAGGAGGTGAAGCCCAACCCGCTGCAGGACGCGAACCTCTGCTCACGCGTGT
    4 mRNA TCTTCTGGTGGCTCAATCCCTTGTTTAAAATTGGCCATAAACGGAGATTAGAGGAAGATGATATGTAT
    NM_001301830. TCAGTGCTGCCAGAAGACCGCTCACAGCACCTTGGAGAGGAGTTGCAAGGGTTCTGGGATAAAGAAGT
    2 TTTAAGAGCTGAGAATGACGCACAGAAGCCTTCTTTAACAAGAGCAATCATAAAGTGTTACTGGAAAT
    (GI:1677498275 CTTATTTAGTTTTGGGAATTTTTACGTTAATTGAGGCACTTCGTCTTAGTAACATGGCCATGGGGAAG
    version 2) ACAACCACAGGCCAGATAGTCAATCTGCTGTCCAATGATGTGAACAAGTTTGATCAGGTGACAGTGTT
    CTTACACTTCCTGTGGGCAGGACCACTGCAGGCGATTGCAGTGACTGCCCTACTCTGGATGGAGATAG
    GAATATCGTGCCTTGCTGGGATGGCAGTTCTAATCATTCTCCTGCCCTTGCAAAGCTGTTTTGGGAAG
    TTGTTCTCATCACTGAGGAGTAAAACTGCAACTTTCACGGATGCCAGGATCAGGACCATGAATGAAGT
    TATAACTGGTATAAGGATAATAAAAATGTACGCCTGGGAAAAGTCATTTTCAAATCTTATTACCAATT
    TGAGAAAGAAGGAGATTTCCAAGATTCTGAGAAGTTCCTGCCTCAGAGGGATGAATTTGGCTTCATTT
    TTCAGTGCAAGCAAAATCATCGTGTTTGTGACCTTCACCACCTACGTGCTCCTCGGCAGTGTGATCAC
    AGCCAGCCGCGTGTTCGTGGCAGTGACGCTGTATGGGGCTGTGCGGCTGACGGTTACCCTCTTCTTCC
    CCTCAGCCATTGAGAGGGTGTCAGAGGCAATCGTCAGCATCCGAAGAATCCAGACCTTTTTGCTACTT
    GATGAGATATCACAGCGCAACCGTCAGCTGCCGTCAGATGGTAAAAAGATGGTGCATGTGCAGGATTT
    TACTGCTTTTTGGGATAAGGCATCAGAGACCCCAACTCTACAAGGCCTTTCCTTTACTGTCAGACCTG
    GCGAATTGTTAGCTGTGGTCGGCCCCGTGGGAGCAGGGAAGTCATCACTGTTAAGTGCCGTGCTCGGG
    GAATTGGCCCCAAGTCACGGGCTGGTCAGCGTGCATGGAAGAATTGCCTATGTGTCTCAGCAGCCCTG
    GGTGTTCTCGGGAACTCTGAGGAGTAATATTTTATTTGGGAAGAAATACGAAAAGGAACGATATGAAA
    AAGTCATAAAGGCTTGTGCTCTGAAAAAGGATTTACAGCTGTTGGAGGATGGTGATCTGACTGTGATA
    GGAGATCGGGGAACCACGCTGAGTGGAGGGCAGAAAGCACGGGTAAACCTTGCAAGAGCAGTGTATCA
    AGATGCTGACATCTATCTCCTGGACGATCCTCTCAGTGCAGTAGATGCGGAAGTTAGCAGACACTTGT
    TCGAACTGTGTATTTGTCAAATTTTGCATGAGAAGATCACAATTTTAGTGACTCATCAGTTGCAGTAC
    CTCAAAGCTGCAAGTCAGATTCTGATATTGAAAGATGGTAAAATGGTGCAGAAGGGGACTTACACTGA
    GTTCCTAAAATCTGGTATAGATTTTGGCTCCCTTTTAAAGAAGGATAATGAGGAAAGTGAACAACCTC
    CAGTTCCAGGAACTCCCACACTAAGGAATCGTACCTTCTCAGAGTCTTCGGTTTGGTCTCAACAATCT
    TCTAGACCCTCCTTGAAAGATGGTGCTCTGGAGAGCCAAGATACAGAGAATGTCCCAGTTACACTATC
    AGAGGAGAACCGTTCTGAAGGAAAAGTTGGTTTTCAGGCCTATAAGAATTACTTCAGAGCTGGTGCTC
    ACTGGATTGTCTTCATTTTCCTTATTCTCCTAAACACTGCAGCTCAGGTTGCCTATGTGCTTCAAGAT
    TGGTGGCTTTCATACTGGGCAAACAAACAAAGTATGCTAAATGTCACTGTAAATGGAGGAGGAAATGT
    AACCGAGAAGCTAGATCTTAACTGGTACTTAGGAATTTATTCAGGTTTAACTGTAGCTACCGTTCTTT
    TTGGCATAGCAAGATCTCTATTGGTATTCTACGTCCTTGTTAACTCTTCACAAACTTTGCACAACAAA
    ATGTTTGAGTCAATTCTGAAAGCTCCGGTATTATTCTTTGATAGAAATCCAATAGGAAGAATTTTAAA
    TCGTTTCTCCAAAGACATTGGACACTTGGATGATTTGCTGCCGCTGACGTTTTTAGATTTCATCCAGA
    GATGGGATCTCGCTGTGTTGTCCTGGCTGGTCTCAAACTCCTAGGCTCAAGCAATCCTCCTCCCTCCT
    CAAGCAAACCTCAGTGCTGGGATTATAGGCATGAGCCACTGTACCTGGCTAAATGTTGTTTTTTTGAT
    ATTCAATTTTTGTTTATAGAATTTTCATTTGTTTTGCTCTTATACTTTTCATCTTTTTATGTTTATTG
    ACCAATTAAATATCATTTGGGTAAGCACCTATTTAAGTGTCTTAACAATTTTTCTATTGAGTACTCTG
    GGTTTTTGTTTTGTTTTTCTTACTGATTTGTAGAATTCTTTATGTATTCTGAATTGCAGATACCTTCC
    TTCTGTACTAATGCTTATCTTTTTAGCCCTGTAATATTGTGTTTTCATAAACATACTTATCAATCTTT
    7187 Human PAK3 AGAGCATCCTCAGCAGCTGCCACCGAAGCAGCCTCCTCCTTCTCTCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTACCACGGC
    transcript CGCCGCCACCACCGCTGCGGCTGTGATCTCCTATCCCCTCTGGTCCTCCTTCCTCCCCCAGTTCCTGC
    variant TCCTCCTCCCATCCCCTGCTCCTCCTGCCCAGCAGCGAAGGGCAGAACCCTCGGCTGCCGCCCTCCTT
    1 mRNA CGCTCTGACCAAGAAGAGGCTGGAACAGAATAACATACAGAGGACAGCTTTCTCTTCTGAGGAGTCAG
    NM_ AAGTTCAGTTCGCCCAACATGGAATGACTTGAGGAGCTGTGAAATTAGTTGTAACTGAAAATGTCTGA
    001128166.3 CGGTCTGGATAATGAAGAGAAACCCCCGGCTCCTCCACTGAGGATGAATAGTAACAACCGGGATTCTT
    (GI:1889680926 CAGCACTCAACCACAGCTCCAAACCACTTCCCATGGCCCCTGAAGAGAAGAATAAGAAAGCCAGGCTT
    version 3) CGCTCTATCTTCCCAGGAGGAGGGGATAAAACCAATAAGAAGAAGGAGAAAGAGCGCCCAGAGATCTC
    TCTTCCTTCAGACTTTGAGCATACGATTCATGTGGGGTTTGATGCAGTCACCGGGGAATTCACTGGAA
    TTCCAGAGCAATGGGCACGATTACTCCAAACTTCCAACATAACAAAATTGGAACAGAAGAAGAACCCA
    CAAGCTGTTCTAGATGTTCTCAAATTCTATGATTCCAAAGAAACAGTCAACAACCAGAAATACATGAG
    CTTTACATCAGGAGATAAAAGTGCACATGGATACATAGCAGCCCATCCTTCGAGTACAAAAACAGCAT
    CTGAGCCTCCATTGGCCCCTCCTGTGTCTGAAGAAGAAGATGAAGAGGAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGATGAA
    AATGAGCCACCACCAGTTATCGCACCAAGACCAGAGCATACAAAATCAATCTATACTCGTTCTGTGGT
    TGAATCCATTGCTTCACCAGCAGTACCAAATAAAGAGGTCACACCACCCTCTGCTGAAAATGCCAATT
    CCAGTACTTTGTACAGGAACACAGATCGGCAAAGAAAAAAATCCAAGATGACAGATGAGGAGATCTTA
    GAGAAGCTAAGAAGCATTGTGAGTGTTGGGGACCCAAAGAAAAAATACACAAGATTTGAAAAAATTGG
    TCAAGGGGCATCAGGTACTGTTTATACAGCACTAGACATTGCAACAGGACAAGAGGTGGCCATAAAGC
    AGATGAACCTTCAACAGCAACCCAAGAAGGAATTAATTATTAATGAAATTCTGGTCATGAGGGAAAAT
    AAGAACCCTAATATTGTTAATTATTTAGATAGCTACTTGGTGGGTGATGAACTATGGGTAGTCATGGA
    ATACTTGGCTGGTGGCTCTCTGACTGATGTGGTCACAGAGACCTGTATGGATGAAGGACAGATAGCAG
    CTGTCTGCAGAGAGTGCCTGCAAGCTTTGGATTTCCTGCACTCAAACCAGGTGATCCATAGAGATATA
    AAGAGTGACAATATTCTTCTCGGGATGGATGGCTCTGTTAAATTGACTGACTTTGGGTTCTGTGCCCA
    GATCACTCCTGAGCAAAGTAAACGAAGCACTATGGTGGGAACCCCATATTGGATGGCACCTGAGGTGG
    TGACTCGAAAAGCTTATGGTCCGAAAGTTGATATCTGGTCTCTTGGAATTATGGCAATTGAAATGGTG
    GAAGGTGAACCCCCTTACCTTAATGAAAATCCACTCAGGGCATTGTATCTGATAGCCACTAATGGAAC
    TCCAGAGCTCCAGAATCCTGAGAGACTGTCAGCTGTATTCCGTGACTTTTTAAATCGCTGTCTTGAGA
    TGGATGTGGATAGGCGAGGATCTGCCAAGGAGCTTTTGCAGCATCCATTTTTAAAATTAGCCAAGCCT
    CTCTCCAGCCTGACTCCTCTGATTATCGCTGCAAAGGAAGCAATTAAGAACAGCAGCCGCTAAGACTG
    CAAGCCTTACACCTCACCATCTCCCTCATGAGTAAGACTGAAATAAAACTCTGCTGCAGGAAAGATGG
    AAGAAAAGACAGTCAAATGGGGTGGGGGTTCTTTACCTTTCAAATGAATAGAAACTTCTTATAAGCCT
    TTTTCCTACTCCCTCAGATTATGTAATTTATTTGTAAGCCTGAATCGCAGCCCAAACAGGGCAGCAAT
    GTTGAAGTGACCATAAAGTGGTCACTTCCACCGTGAAGCGAAAGAGCCAGTAGTGAATCCCCTCATTT
    TGTGCATTCACTTTGAAGAAAAAGGTTTCTCAAAGATGCACACTCCCTCTTCATAGTGTTGTGTTTGT
    TTTTAAGTTAGAGAGTAGTCCCTCTTGCATTCAAACCTCCTTCAAAACTCCTTACCCAATGTGATGTT
    TTTCACTTGCATTGTCATTAGATGTCCAGAAAAAAAAAAGATGTCAAAATGTTTTTCTAAAAAAAGAA
    AGCAAAAAAAGCAAGGCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAACAAAAACAAAAACAAAACAAAAACAAGCAA
    ACAAAAAATACCAGAGCAAGTACTGTGTGAACATGTGGAAGTCCATGCCCTAATAGAGTTGCAATTTT
    TTATTCTTCTTCTATAGTGGTGGCTTGGTTTGTGTACCTATTTTTCTGCATTTGTATTGGAAAAGGTT
    TCTTTTAAGACATTTTCCAAAAGTGGAGAGGAATATGTGTGTTCAGGAAGGGCTTTCAAAAAACTGTA
    TATCTAAATAAAGCTCAAACGGTGAAATCCTGTCACATTTTCACAATGATGCTTAAAAGATAATTGAG
    TAAACCAGGTTGTTAATCTCCTTAATACCTGAAAGAGGACACACTGAAACTGAAACTGTGACATCCTG
    CTAGGTGAGTTCAGGTTCTGAACCTAGGAAATCCTCATAGGAGAAACCACATTTAAACAAAGATGGGA
    CTTTCTCTGAGAGCCAAAACCAGATAAATGTAGAATACTGAAATCCTTGTTGGACATTAAGTAAACAA
    AGATAATGATACCTAAATTAATCCTCTCTTGTGCTTATGAAACATATGCACTGTAAAATAGGCATACC
    AGGAGGAAATAGATACATTAATCATCATTTACTTATGATACAAATTATTTATTTTGACAATTTATAAC
    GTTTAAAAAAGTTTTTTAAAGATCTAGAGAAAGGTGATATAGTAAACATTCAACTCTGTAAGAAATGG
    GAGGTCAGTGAAGGCTACATCCCAATCAATATTTGGCTCTAAGTACCTCTTCCCATTTTTCCTATGTA
    TCACCTATTTCTGTTTCGGAATATGGTGTGTTCATGCTTAGTTCTTTGGGCTTTTGAATATCAAAAGC
    ATATTCATAAATGTCTTGAAATTCTCTCCAGTGGAAAATAATTTTAACTTACAATCATATCCCAAGAA
    ATGTCAGTCCGACAGAATTCCTTATATGACTTGGGGAAAATAACAAAATTTGACTACTATTTCACCAT
    ATATCTATTTATTAAAAAATTCAACAGTTGGCACTTCCTGAATCTTCTGAGAGTAGAAAAATATCTGC
    GGAGTGTCTGTGTAGAAAAGGATATGCCTCTCTTTTGAGTGTATTGACAATTTTGTAAATTACAGAAA
    GTTGTTTCTCTAAGCCTTTGAAAAACTAACAATTTGTGTTATAGAAGGCTTCTTAATTTGCAGTATAA
    AAGAATCTAAACAGAACTTATGTACATTCAGCCAGAAGGGGAAAGAGATCAGTTACATAGGCCTCTCT
    CCTTCTTTGCCAAGGTACATCCATCCATCTAACCATCCATATATCCACATCTTAAAATGAAAGCACTT
    TCTTTAGAGTTTCAGCAAACTATATAGTGTACGTGTTTATGTTCAGGAGATGACCCCACTGGTGTATT
    TCCTATTTTCCCTATTGTTTTCTTTGACTGTAAAAGTTGGGAGAGGCTTGACCTCCTCCCCTTGAAAA
    TGTCCACAGTGGGATAAAACAACAAATGTGAAAAGAAAATGAAACGGTAATATTAATTTGAAGCATAC
    TATGTTATACTTTGCAAAAACGAATCTGGGCCTGTAATTTTTAATGCCACACTGCTCTAATGAGAGAG
    AGAGGCCTTAATTTTGATTTCATTTAAAAATAAGTACTTTAAAAAATTTTTCACTCATAGTGCCGGGA
    AATTCAATGAAATCCTGGGATGCAAATAAAAATCAGTACATTAGTGACTGTGTCCTGCCAGTGGAGAG
    AGCCCAATACCTGGTTAGGAAGCCCTATTCATTAGTTAGCATCCCTTACATGTTGAGAAGGCCTTTTT
    TTTGTTGTTATTTTGGAGACCTTGGAGCAGTGACCCTTCAGATCACTGTAGGCAGAGAAATGGCTTCT
    CTCTTATGCTTTCAGTTCAGCATATTAACAATGAGGAGCCAGGTACTTCTTTACTACCACTTTGTACC
    AAGATTTGATAATAATATATCCCAGGAGGCATTACTTTTATAAATTTGTATTCATGTAAATTTTCAAA
    TGAGAACAGCTTCTAAAGCCCCTTCCCTGTATTGGAGAGTTATGTATATTTCTAATAAGTATTAGAAA
    GAAGCTGTTTCTCATGCCACAGTGATGCTGAAGGATTCACATTTGGTACAATCGAGTAACTTGAACGC
    CAGATTGTTAACAGTTTATTCTCTTTCCCTGGATTTTTAAGCTCATCTTGACACAGGTGAGTCTATCC
    AAATCTTTGATGTTGCTAGTGTGCCCTGAGATAACGAGGGCACATCTTTCAATGTTGATTCCAAAATG
    TCCTGAGTTAGGAATAGGGCAGTGGGAAAGTCAGGGAAGGGTGAGAAGCACAGTAGAGATTATTTATT
    TAAAAAAGGAAAGAACGTTAATGTTGTTAGCAAGGATCCAGTGCGTTGTCATAATCCCATGAGGATTT
    TCAGATGACACAATCCCCTCAAATCAGTCACCATGTTGGGTAATGACTTCGTTCTTGCTGATCTCGTG
    TGTGTGTCATTGTAAATATTTGTGTGTCCATGTTCCATTTTGGCTACTGGATGGCCAAGCCATGTAAG
    AAGATTTAACTCAAGTATTTATTCTTTATGTTATTCAGATTTCTTTCAGGCTTGTGAACTGCACCCCA
    ATGTTTGAGTTTAACCACCTGATCCTTACATCTATCCCTCCCCGGTGAAGCACATTCCATTGCTAAAA
    GAAAAAGAAACACGAAATTGCTTCCTGTTGTCTGTATAACTGTTTTGATAGTTTGAGATATTTGTCTA
    TAAATGATATTTCTCAGCTCAAAGATCGTGTAAATAATTATATTCCTTTGCTCAATGGGTTTATTTCT
    AATGAGGCTGCCAGTTCTGAGAGATTCTATAATATCACTTTTAAATAACATAAACAGGGATTACAACT
    ATGTAAAAAGAAATGCATATGGACAAAGACTGGGAACACAGATAATTGAAATCAGTTGTGTTAGGGTG
    GTGGAATTATGTGAATTTTTTTTTCTTTTTAAAATTTTATTTGATATTGTTATAATATTGCTTTACAA
    TAAATAAACAGCAGAAAGGGAACTATAGACACATAGAAAAGATGCCAGAAGCAGATGCCTTCTGGCCA
    GAGCGCAGAGCATGCAGGGCAGAGATATTTGCTAGTTACAATTATTCCATAGGCTTTATGCTTGCCTG
    GGTGCTGAGGTTGGCACACGCTCGGGTATGGCACACGCTTTCTTAGGAGACTATTATCTATAAGTTAA
    AGCTAGGGAGATGTCACTATTAGAACTCCAAACACACTCTTCTGCTTTAAAACAGGTTGTCTGCCCTC
    TGCTTTGGTATGGCATTCGGGTGTCTGTTTTGTGGTTGCTTTAGATTGGAGGGGTGACCATTTTATTA
    GCCCCCTTGATAACATCTGTTGCAGATATTGCCTTTCTGGAACGTTTTAACAGACTCTCAGGTTGAAT
    TTTGGAGGACTAGAAGGATAAAATCCCCAGCTCCCACCATTTTCTTGTCCAACAGGATATTACTGTAT
    ATCATTCAGGTAGGATTCTTCTTTTAATAACCAATAGGGCAAGTCCCACTAATTTCAATAGAAGTTAT
    GACTTGCAATTAAAAGCTGACTTTGAAATCATTAAACAAATATGTAGGACTGTCTCTGCCTGTTGGCA
    TTCAGTTATAGTTCTGTTAATTTTGGCTTGGGATGGTCTCCATGTGCTTTTTTCTGCCTATTTATAGG
    TTGTTTGCAGTAGTTGTGATTTTTAAAGAGCAAGGGAGACCATCTAACCAAAGGATAACTTCCTTCTA
    ACTCACCAAAGAAATTTTAGGTGAGAACTTTAATAATGAGGTAGTCACCTCAGATATGCTGCTTAGTT
    TCACTAAAAGCAGACCCTATACCTAGAGAAGTCACTGGCTTTTTATTGGTCATTCTCAATACAGAAAT
    ACTTAGGGGAGTCTTAACCCTGCCATCCCCGGTTGAATCTCTTGGTCTTTATCTAAGCTACTTGCAGT
    TAATATTCAGTTAAGCAAAGGTATGGCCAGTAGTGCAAGTATCTCCCAGTCTCTGAGCTCTGAACAAG
    AGGACTGAAATTCAGCATTTGTAAACTGACAGTTTGATGGGCCTGGGATTTGAAGTGAACTCAGCACA
    CAATTCTGAACGTGTATTTGCATGTGGACTGGGAAGGAAATAAATGGGAACTTGGAAATAATGGAATA
    TTTCTCCTATGAAAGAATTTTTCGTAGAAGATTTGTTTTTGATATAATCTTTCTGTTGGTTAGCTTTT
    AGTGTTTTCATTCCTTTTCTGATCCACACTCCTTTAAGTGACCAAATGAATATAACCCAACATGCATT
    GGGAATGTGTTTAATATTAAACAATGTCTAACTGAATCTGCAAATGCGGGAACTGAGATATCACCTCC
    ATGTGCACACCTGTGTGTACGAGTATTCTATACAACTTGTAGCATTTACTGCCACTTAATTG
    GGTTGAACTTGCAAGATAAACTTTTGGAAACTGCTTAGTGCCATCGGAGTCTCCTTTAGAAGCTGCCA
    TCAGGCAAATGCTATCCCATAATACCAGCAGTAAGCCTGGCAACATGTTCAACAGATTTAGTACCCAA
    GAGGAAATCAACAGCGATAGTAGAGAATGAGTCAGATGTAGTGGGATAAATACTAGCCTAGGAAGAAG
    GAGCCCCGGAGTCTAATATGAGCTTTATTACTAAATTGCTATGTGACGCTAGGCAAGTCACTTAACCT
    CTCCATGGCTGTTTCCTCATCTGTAAAATAAGTGTATTGGACTAGATGATCCTTAGGGTCTTTCCAAA
    AGTCTAACATTCTATGGCATTATAGGTTGCCTTGCAAATTCAGCCTGCTATAGTGATGGCAAATATCA
    CGTTTAAGCCTGAGTCTCTTATGTTGCAGTTAAATAAAAGAACTATGTAAGATGATTTTTAAAATTCA
    AGCAAATGGGCCGGGTGCGGTGGCTCATACCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCAAGGCAGGCGGA
    TCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGACCAACATAGAGAAACCCCATCTCTACTAAAAATAC
    AAAATTAGCCGGGTGTGGTGGCGGGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTTGGGAGGCTGAGGTGGGAGAATC
    GCTTGAACCCAGGAGGCGGAGGTTGTGGTGAGCTGAGATCATGCCATTGCACTCCAGCCTCGGCAACA
    AGAGTGAAACTTCGTCTCCAAAAAAAAAAACTCAAGCAAATGAAGTTCATAATAATAGGGGATGTTGA
    TAAAACTTGTGGCAGCCTTCCAATTCATTTACAGTTGTTTCGTTTTGTTTTTGTTTTAATGTCCATTT
    TCTGTTGACTGTTCCCAGTTTTCATTTTCCATACAGTCTGTATGTAAAGTCTGGTTTTCATTAAGCTG
    TGGCCAGTATTTGCCACTACAACAGAAACACACTGTCACACTTGCTAGAATATAACTGTACTTGAGCT
    TCTCCTTTCCTGTGAAGTAGTGCTGGGCTTTCTAGAGTTTAATTCTCAAGTGGCACAAGATAGCAGAG
    CCCATGCATTTTAATGGCTGAGACTGCTAAGAGTGAACCTAAACACTTACAAGTTGCAGAGAGAAATG
    AAAAAGTAATTACATGCTATTAGCATTGAGAAATGTTGACAAATTAATTTGTTGGGAACCAAAGATAG
    CATTTCTGATGACAACTCCCACAGTGATTGGCCAGTTGTATGATGAGTACACTGCTGGAAAGAGGGTA
    AACTGGGAGTTAGTGGATGGTCCCAATGCCCTGCCTACAGCAGAGTGCCAACCAGCCCTGAGTGCAAA
    ATTCAAGTTCAATGTGTGTGCTTGTGTGTGGTGTGCTTTATGGACCCGCAAATACCATATTCATTATT
    GATGATAAGATCTTCACAGAATCCTGTAGCTACTAATGCATTGAGTTTTTAATCTCAGTACATCAGCC
    AGGAGGAGCCAGATCACAGGGTAGTGATGTCTACTGGGATTATACTCATAACATCTACACAAAACAAG
    TTGAGAAGGATCCACGTTTTCATTGTTTATCAGAATTGTATCTCATTTGGCTGAGCATTACTTTTGTC
    AGAATGTGTTATCTGTAAACCATGTGTAGTGAAATTCTTCTGTAACTTTGGATTAAAGGTATTTATGG
    TCTTTTTGTTTGTTTGATTTTTAAGTAAGTTATTTCTTTTGTAGACCTGCTGATGGTATGGTTCCATC
    CTTCTGACCTCAGCATCCAATCTTTTTAAGGATTTTTGTTTTCAATATTGTTATTTTAAATTGTGGTT
    GAAGCAATAGAAAATTGAAATATGGATTGTGCATGACTGTGTCTTGAGTGTAAAAATATTGCAGTTTG
    AAACTTGGACCTAAAGTATTGCAAATAAAAATGACAAACATCAATGA
    7188 Human PAK3 ACCGCGGGCGGGCAGCTGTGCCAGCTAACCGTCTGGGATCTCGCACTGGGGGCTGCAGCTTTTCCCCG
    transcript CCTCGAGCCAGTGTGCGGGGGCGGGAGAAGAGCCAGGGGGAGCGGGCTGGGCCCGGGGCTGCGGCTGC
    variant GGCCGCGGGGCTGCGGCTCCCCAGCCCCGCCAGCTGGAGCGCTCGGAGGTAGAGGAAAGGTCTTGACG
    2 mRNA GGGTGGCTGGATCCGTGGCAGAATCCAGTTCCAGATTCTAGACTTGAGGGTTCTGGGCTGTTGGTCTG
    NM_002578.5 TAGAAGCGAAGGAGAGAAGGACTCAAATCCAGGCCAAGTGTATGGCTGTCTGAGGTATTGGAACAGAA
    (GI:1519316149 GGAGGTCCATTCCTGTTGGTGACAACACCGTGGCCCTGTTCTGGGATGAGCAAGGTGTAAAGGTTTCC
    version 5) CCCAAGAAAGAGCAGCTGAGTCCTTGCATCTTGTGGCAGCTGGTGTGCCCAGCACTGAGTCTGTAGGA
    GCTGAAGCCAGCCCGGACCCTTCTCATGGGCAGTGCCCACCTGTGCTGAAGTCCTGCAGCGGTGGCGG
    TGTGAGGAGCTGTGAAATTAGTTGTAACTGAAAATGTCTGACGGTCTGGATAATGAAGAGAAACCCCC
    GGCTCCTCCACTGAGGATGAATAGTAACAACCGGGATTCTTCAGCACTCAACCACAGCTCCAAACCAC
    TTCCCATGGCCCCTGAAGAGAAGAATAAGAAAGCCAGGCTTCGCTCTATCTTCCCAGGAGGAGGGGAT
    AAAACCAATAAGAAGAAGGAGAAAGAGCGCCCAGAGATCTCTCTTCCTTCAGACTTTGAGCATACGAT
    TCATGTGGGGTTTGATGCAGTCACCGGGGAATTCACTGGAATTCCAGAGCAATGGGCACGATTACTCC
    AAACTTCCAACATAACAAAATTGGAACAGAAGAAGAACCCACAAGCTGTTCTAGATGTTCTCAAATTC
    TATGATTCCAAAGAAACAGTCAACAACCAGAAATACATGAGCTTTACATCAGGAGATAAAAGTGCACA
    TGGATACATAGCAGCCCATCCTTCGAGTACAAAAACAGCATCTGAGCCTCCATTGGCCCCTCCTGTGT
    CTGAAGAAGAAGATGAAGAGGAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGATGAAAATGAGCCACCACCAGTTATCGCACCA
    AGACCAGAGCATACAAAATCAATCTATACTCGTTCTGTGGTTGAATCCATTGCTTCACCAGCAGTACC
    AAATAAAGAGGTCACACCACCCTCTGCTGAAAATGCCAATTCCAGTACTTTGTACAGGAACACAGATC
    GGCAAAGAAAAAAATCCAAGATGACAGATGAGGAGATCTTAGAGAAGCTAAGAAGCATTGTGAGTGTT
    GGGGACCCAAAGAAAAAATACACAAGATTTGAAAAAATTGGTCAAGGGGCATCAGGTACTGTTTATAC
    AGCACTAGACATTGCAACAGGACAAGAGGTGGCCATAAAGCAGATGAACCTTCAACAGCAACCCAAGA
    AGGAATTAATTATTAATGAAATTCTGGTCATGAGGGAAAATAAGAACCCTAATATTGTTAATTATTTA
    GATAGCTACTTGGTGGGTGATGAACTATGGGTAGTCATGGAATACTTGGCTGGTGGCTCTCTGACTGA
    TGTGGTCACAGAGACCTGTATGGATGAAGGACAGATAGCAGCTGTCTGCAGAGAGTGCCTGCAAGCTT
    TGGATTTCCTGCACTCAAACCAGGTGATCCATAGAGATATAAAGAGTGACAATATTCTTCTCGGGATG
    GATGGCTCTGTTAAATTGACTGACTTTGGGTTCTGTGCCCAGATCACTCCTGAGCAAAGTAAACGAAG
    CACTATGGTGGGAACCCCATATTGGATGGCACCTGAGGTGGTGACTCGAAAAGCTTATGGTCCGAAAG
    TTGATATCTGGTCTCTTGGAATTATGGCAATTGAAATGGTGGAAGGTGAACCCCCTTACCTTAATGAA
    AATCCACTCAGGGCATTGTATCTGATAGCCACTAATGGAACTCCAGAGCTCCAGAATCCTGAGAGACT
    GTCAGCTGTATTCCGTGACTTTTTAAATCGCTGTCTTGAGATGGATGTGGATAGGCGAGGATCTGCCA
    AGGAGCTTTTGCAGCATCCATTTTTAAAATTAGCCAAGCCTCTCTCCAGCCTGACTCCTCTGATTATC
    GCTGCAAAGGAAGCAATTAAGAACAGCAGCCGCTAAGACTGCAAGCCTTACACCTCACCATCTCCCTC
    ATGAGTAAGACTGAAATAAAACTCTGCTGCAGGAAAGATGGAAGAAAAGACAGTCAAATGGGGTGG
    GGGTTCTTTACCTTTCAAATGAATAGAAACTTCTTATAAGCCTTTTTCCTACTCCCTCAGATTATGTA
    ATTTATTTGTAAGCCTGAATCGCAGCCCAAACAGGGCAGCAATGTTGAAGTGACCATAAAGTGGTCAC
    TTCCACCGTGAAGCGAAAGAGCCAGTAGTGAATCCCCTCATTTTGTGCATTCACTTTGAAGAAAAAGG
    TTTCTCAAAGATGCACACTCCCTCTTCATAGTGTTGTGTTTGTTTTTAAGTTAGAGAGTAGTCCCTCT
    TGCATTCAAACCTCCTTCAAAACTCCTTACCCAATGTGATGTTTTTCACTTGCATTGTCATTAGATGT
    CCAGAAAAAAAAAAGATGTCAAAATGTTTTTCTAAAAAAAGAAAGCAAAAAAAGCAAGGCAAAAAAAA
    AAAAAAAAACAAACAAAAACAAAAACAAAACAAAAACAAGCAAACAAAAAATACCAGAGCAAGTACTG
    TGTGAACATGTGGAAGTCCATGCCCTAATAGAGTTGCAATTTTTTATTCTTCTTCTATAGTGGTGGCT
    TGGTTTGTGTACCTATTTTTCTGCATTTGTATTGGAAAAGGTTTCTTTTAAGACATTTTCCAAAAGTG
    GAGAGGAATATGTGTGTTCAGGAAGGGCTTTCAAAAAACTGTATATCTAAATAAAGCTCAAACGGTGA
    AATCCTGTCACATTTTCACAATGATGCTTAAAAGATAATTGAGTAAACCAGGTTGTTAATCTCCTTAA
    TACCTGAAAGAGGACACACTGAAACTGAAACTGTGACATCCTGCTAGGTGAGTTCAGGTTCTGAACCT
    AGGAAATCCTCATAGGAGAAACCACATTTAAACAAAGATGGGACTTTCTCTGAGAGCCAAAACCAGAT
    AAATGTAGAATACTGAAATCCTTGTTGGACATTAAGTAAACAAAGATAATGATACCTAAATTAATCCT
    CTCTTGTGCTTATGAAACATATGCACTGTAAAATAGGCATACCAGGAGGAAATAGATACATTAATCAT
    CATTTACTTATGATACAAATTATTTATTTTGACAATTTATAACGTTTAAAAAAGTTTTTTAAAGATCT
    AGAGAAAGGTGATATAGTAAACATTCAACTCTGTAAGAAATGGGAGGTCAGTGAAGGCTACATCCCAA
    TCAATATTTGGCTCTAAGTACCTCTTCCCATTTTTCCTATGTATCACCTATTTCTGTTTCGGAATATG
    GTGTGTTCATGCTTAGTTCTTTGGGCTTTTGAATATCAAAAGCATATTCATAAATGTCTTGAAATTCT
    CTCCAGTGGAAAATAATTTTAACTTACAATCATATCCCAAGAAATGTCAGTCCGACAGAATTCCTTAT
    ATGACTTGGGGAAAATAACAAAATTTGACTACTATTTCACCATATATCTATTTATTAAAAAATTCAAC
    AGTTGGCACTTCCTGAATCTTCTGAGAGTAGAAAAATATCTGCGGAGTGTCTGTGTAGAAAAGGATAT
    GCCTCTCTTTTGAGTGTATTGACAATTTTGTAAATTACAGAAAGTTGTTTCTCTAAGCCTTTGAAAAA
    CTAACAATTTGTGTTATAGAAGGCTTCTTAATTTGCAGTATAAAAGAATCTAAACAGAACTTATGTAC
    ATTCAGCCAGAAGGGGAAAGAGATCAGTTACATAGGCCTCTCTCCTTCTTTGCCAAGGTACATCCATC
    CATCTAACCATCCATATATCCACATCTTAAAATGAAAGCACTTTCTTTAGAGTTTCAGCAAACTATAT
    AGTGTACGTGTTTATGTTCAGGAGATGACCCCACTGGTGTATTTCCTATTTTCCCTATTGTTTTCTTT
    GACTGTAAAAGTTGGGAGAGGCTTGACCTCCTCCCCTTGAAAATGTCCACAGTGGGATAAAACAACAA
    ATGTGAAAAGAAAATGAAACGGTAATATTAATTTGAAGCATACTATGTTATACTTTGCAAAAACGAAT
    CTGGGCCTGTAATTTTTAATGCCACACTGCTCTAATGAGAGAGAGAGGCCTTAATTTTGATTTCATTT
    AAAAATAAGTACTTTAAAAAATTTTTCACTCATAGTGCCGGGAAATTCAATGAAATCCTGGGATGCAA
    ATAAAAATCAGTACATTAGTGACTGTGTCCTGCCAGTGGAGAGAGCCCAATACCTGGTTAGGAAGCCC
    TATTCATTAGTTAGCATCCCTTACATGTTGAGAAGGCCTTTTTTTTGTTGTTATTTTGGAGACCTTGG
    AGCAGTGACCCTTCAGATCACTGTAGGCAGAGAAATGGCTTCTCTCTTATGCTTTCAGTTCAGCATAT
    TAACAATGAGGAGCCAGGTACTTCTTTACTACCACTTTGTACCAAGATTTGATAATAATATATCCCAG
    GAGGCATTACTTTTATAAATTTGTATTCATGTAAATTTTCAAATGAGAACAGCTTCTAAAGCCCCTTC
    CCTGTATTGGAGAGTTATGTATATTTCTAATAAGTATTAGAAAGAAGCTGTTTCTCATGCCACAGTGA
    TGCTGAAGGATTCACATTTGGTACAATCGAGTAACTTGAACGCCAGATTGTTAACAGTTTATTCTCTT
    TCCCTGGATTTTTAAGCTCATCTTGACACAGGTGAGTCTATCCAAATCTTTGATGTTGCTAGTGTGCC
    CTGAGATAACGAGGGCACATCTTTCAATGTTGATTCCAAAATGTCCTGAGTTAGGAATAGGGCAGTGG
    GAAAGTCAGGGAAGGGTGAGAAGCACAGTAGAGATTATTTATTTAAAAAAGGAAAGAACGTTAATGTT
    GTTAGCAAGGATCCAGTGCGTTGTCATAATCCCATGAGGATTTTCAGATGACACAATCCCCTCAAATC
    AGTCACCATGTTGGGTAATGACTTCGTTCTTGCTGATCTCGTGTGTGTGTCATTGTAAATATTTGTGT
    GTCCATGTTCCATTTTGGCTACTGGATGGCCAAGCCATGTAAGAAGATTTAACTCAAGTATTTATTCT
    TTATGTTATTCAGATTTCTTTCAGGCTTGTGAACTGCACCCCAATGTTTGAGTTTAACCACCTGATCC
    TTACATCTATCCCTCCCCGGTGAAGCACATTCCATTGCTAAAAGAAAAAGAAACACGAAATTGCTTCC
    TGTTGTCTGTATAACTGTTTTGATAGTTTGAGATATTTGTCTATAAATGATATTTCTCAGCTCAAAGA
    TCGTGTAAATAATTATATTCCTTTGCTCAATGGGTTTATTTCTAATGAGGCTGCCAGTTCTGAGAGAT
    TCTATAATATCACTTTTAAATAACATAAACAGGGATTACAACTATGTAAAAAGAAATGCATATGGACA
    AAGACTGGGAACACAGATAATTGAAATCAGTTGTGTTAGGGTGGTGGAATTATGTGAATTTTTTTTTC
    TTTTTAAAATTTTATTTGATATTGTTATAATATTGCTTTACAATAAATAAACAGCAGAAAGGGAACTA
    TAGACACATAGAAAAGATGCCAGAAGCAGATGCCTTCTGGCCAGAGCGCAGAGCATGCAGGGCAGAGA
    TATTTGCTAGTTACAATTATTCCATAGGCTTTATGCTTGCCTGGGTGCTGAGGTTGGCACACGCTCGG
    GTATGGCACACGCTTTCTTAGGAGACTATTATCTATAAGTTAAAGCTAGGGAGATGTCACTATTAGAA
    CTCCAAACACACTCTTCTGCTTTAAAACAGGTTGTCTGCCCTCTGCTTTGGTATGGCATTCGGGTGTC
    TGTTTTGTGGTTGCTTTAGATTGGAGGGGTGACCATTTTATTAGCCCCCTTGATAACATCTGTTGCAG
    ATATTGCCTTTCTGGAACGTTTTAACAGACTCTCAGGTTGAATTTTGGAGGACTAGAAGGATAAAATC
    CCCAGCTCCCACCATTTTCTTGTCCAACAGGATATTACTGTATATCATTCAGGTAGGATTCTTCTTTT
    AATAACCAATAGGGCAAGTCCCACTAATTTCAATAGAAGTTATGACTTGCAATTAAAAGCTGACTTTG
    AAATCATTAAACAAATATGTAGGACTGTCTCTGCCTGTTGGCATTCAGTTATAGTTCTGTTAATTTTG
    GCTTGGGATGGTCTCCATGTGCTTTTTTCTGCCTATTTATAGGTTGTTTGCAGTAGTTGTGATTTTTA
    AAGAGCAAGGGAGACCATCTAACCAAAGGATAACTTCCTTCTAACTCACCAAAGAAATTTTAGGTGAG
    AACTTTAATAATGAGGTAGTCACCTCAGATATGCTGCTTAGTTTCACTAAAAGCAGACCCTATACCTA
    GAGAAGTCACTGGCTTTTTATTGGTCATTCTCAATACAGAAATACTTAGGGGAGTCTTAACCCTGCCA
    TCCCCGGTTGAATCTCTTGGTCTTTATCTAAGCTACTTGCAGTTAATATTCAGTTAAGCAAAGGTATG
    GCCAGTAGTGCAAGTATCTCCCAGTCTCTGAGCTCTGAACAAGAGGACTGAAATTCAGCATTTGTAAA
    CTGACAGTTTGATGGGCCTGGGATTTGAAGTGAACTCAGCACACAATTCTGAACGTGTATTTGCATGT
    GGACTGGGAAGGAAATAAATGGGAACTTGGAAATAATGGAATATTTCTCCTATGAAAGAATTTTTCGT
    AGAAGATTTGTTTTTGATATAATCTTTCTGTTGGTTAGCTTTTAGTGTTTTCATTCCTTTTCTGATCC
    ACACTCCTTTAAGTGACCAAATGAATATAACCCAACATGCATTGGGAATGTGTTTAATATTAAACAAT
    GTCTAACTGAATCTGCAAATGCGGGAACTGAGATATCACCTCCATGTGCACACCTGTGTGTACGAGTA
    TTCTATACAACTTGTAGCATTTACTGCCACTTAATTGGGTTGAACTTGCAAGATAAACTTTTGGAAAC
    TGCTTAGTGCCATCGGAGTCTCCTTTAGAAGCTGCCATCAGGCAAATGCTATCCCATAATACCAGCAG
    TAAGCCTGGCAACATGTTCAACAGATTTAGTACCCAAGAGGAAATCAACAGCGATAGTAGAGAATGAG
    TCAGATGTAGTGGGATAAATACTAGCCTAGGAAGAAGGAGCCCCGGAGTCTAATATGAGCTTTATTAC
    TAAATTGCTATGTGACGCTAGGCAAGTCACTTAACCTCTCCATGGCTGTTTCCTCATCTGTAAAATAA
    GTGTATTGGACTAGATGATCCTTAGGGTCTTTCCAAAAGTCTAACATTCTATGGCATTATAGGTTGCC
    TTGCAAATTCAGCCTGCTATAGTGATGGCAAATATCACGTTTAAGCCTGAGTCTCTTATGTTGCAGTT
    AAATAAAAGAACTATGTAAGATGATTTTTAAAATTCAAGCAAATGGGCCGGGTGCGGTGGCTCATACC
    TGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCAAGGCAGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCT
    GACCAACATAGAGAAACCCCATCTCTACTAAAAATACAAAATTAGCCGGGTGTGGTGGCGGGCGCCTG
    TAATCCCAGCTACTTGGGAGGCTGAGGTGGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCAGGAGGCGGAGGTTGTGGTGA
    GCTGAGATCATGCCATTGCACTCCAGCCTCGGCAACAAGAGTGAAACTTCGTCTCCAAAAAAAAAAAC
    TCAAGCAAATGAAGTTCATAATAATAGGGGATGTTGATAAAACTTGTGGCAGCCTTCCAATTCATTTA
    CAGTTGTTTCGTTTTGTTTTTGTTTTAATGTCCATTTTCTGTTGACTGTTCCCAGTTTTCATTTTCCA
    TACAGTCTGTATGTAAAGTCTGGTTTTCATTAAGCTGTGGCCAGTATTTGCCACTACAACAGAAACAC
    ACTGTCACACTTGCTAGAATATAACTGTACTTGAGCTTCTCCTTTCCTGTGAAGTAGTGCTGGGCTTT
    CTAGAGTTTAATTCTCAAGTGGCACAAGATAGCAGAGCCCATGCATTTTAATGGCTGAGACTGCTAAG
    AGTGAACCTAAACACTTACAAGTTGCAGAGAGAAATGAAAAAGTAATTACATGCTATTAGCATTGAGA
    AATGTTGACAAATTAATTTGTTGGGAACCAAAGATAGCATTTCTGATGACAACTCCCACAGTGATTGG
    CCAGTTGTATGATGAGTACACTGCTGGAAAGAGGGTAAACTGGGAGTTAGTGGATGGTCCCAATGCCC
    TGCCTACAGCAGAGTGCCAACCAGCCCTGAGTGCAAAATTCAAGTTCAATGTGTGTGCTTGTGTGTGG
    TGTGCTTTATGGACCCGCAAATACCATATTCATTATTGATGATAAGATCTTCACAGAATCCTGTAGCT
    ACTAATGCATTGAGTTTTTAATCTCAGTACATCAGCCAGGAGGAGCCAGATCACAGGGTAGTGATGTC
    TACTGGGATTATACTCATAACATCTACACAAAACAAGTTGAGAAGGATCCACGTTTTCATTGTTTATC
    AGAATTGTATCTCATTTGGCTGAGCATTACTTTTGTCAGAATGTGTTATCTGTAAACCATGTGTAGTG
    AAATTCTTCTGTAACTTTGGATTAAAGGTATTTATGGTCTTTTTGTTTGTTTGATTTTTAAGTAAGTT
    ATTTCTTTTGTAGACCTGCTGATGGTATGGTTCCATCCTTCTGACCTCAGCATCCAATCTTTTTAAGG
    ATTTTTGTTTTCAATATTGTTATTTTAAATTGTGGTTGAAGCAATAGAAAATTGAAATATGGATTGTG
    CATGACTGTGTCTTGAGTGTAAAAATATTGCAGTTTGAAACTTGGACCTAAAGTATTGCAAATAAAAA
    TGACAAACATCAATGA
    7189 Human PAK3 AGAGCATCCTCAGCAGCTGCCACCGAAGCAGCCTCCTCCTTCTCTCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTACCACGGC
    transcript CGCCGCCACCACCGCTGCGGCTGTGATCTCCTATCCCCTCTGGTCCTCCTTCCTCCCCCAGTTCCTGC
    variant TCCTCCTCCCATCCCCTGCTCCTCCTGCCCAGCAGCGAAGGGCAGAACCCTCGGCTGCCGCCCTCCTT
    3 mRNA CGCTCTGACCAAGAAGAGGCTGGAACAGGAGCTGTGAAATTAGTTGTAACTGAAAATGTCTGACGGTC
    NM_001128167. TGGATAATGAAGAGAAACCCCCGGCTCCTCCACTGAGGATGAATAGTAACAACCGGGATTCTTCAGCA
    3 CTCAACCACAGCTCCAAACCACTTCCCATGGCCCCTGAAGAGAAGAATAAGAAAGCCAGGCTTCGCTC
    (GI:1890283404 TATCTTCCCAGGAGGAGGGGATAAAACCAATAAGAAGAAGGAGAAAGAGCGCCCAGAGATCTCTCTTC
    version 3) CTTCAGACTTTGAGCATACGATTCATGTGGGGTTTGATGCAGTCACCGGGGAATTCACTGGAATTCCA
    GAGCAATGGGCACGATTACTCCAAACTTCCAACATAACAAAATTGGAACAGAAGAAGAACCCACAAGC
    TGTTCTAGATGTTCTCAAATTCTATGATTCCAAAGAAACAGTCAACAACCAGAAATACATGAGCTTTA
    CATCAGGAGATAAAAGTGCACATGGATACATAGCAGCCCATCCTTCGAGTACAAAAACAGCATCTGAG
    CCTCCATTGGCCCCTCCTGTGTCTGAAGAAGAAGATGAAGAGGAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGATGAAAATGA
    GCCACCACCAGTTATCGCACCAAGACCAGAGCATACAAAATCAATCTATACTCGTTCTGTGGTTGAAT
    CCATTGCTTCACCAGCAGTACCAAATAAAGAGGTCACACCACCCTCTGCTGAAAATGCCAATTCCAGT
    ACTTTGTACAGGAACACAGATCGGCAAAGAAAAAAATCCAAGATGACAGATGAGGAGATCTTAGAGAA
    GCTAAGAAGCATTGTGAGTGTTGGGGACCCAAAGAAAAAATACACAAGATTTGAAAAAATTGGTCAAG
    GGGCATCAGGTACTGTTTATACAGCACTAGACATTGCAACAGGACAAGAGGTGGCCATAAAGCAGATG
    AACCTTCAACAGCAACCCAAGAAGGAATTAATTATTAATGAAATTCTGGTCATGAGGGAAAATAAGAA
    CCCTAATATTGTTAATTATTTAGATAGCTACTTGGTGGGTGATGAACTATGGGTAGTCATGGAATACT
    TGGCTGGTGGCTCTCTGACTGATGTGGTCACAGAGACCTGTATGGATGAAGGACAGATAGCAGCTGTC
    TGCAGAGAGTGCCTGCAAGCTTTGGATTTCCTGCACTCAAACCAGGTGATCCATAGAGATATAAAGAG
    TGACAATATTCTTCTCGGGATGGATGGCTCTGTTAAATTGACTGACTTTGGGTTCTGTGCCCAGATCA
    CTCCTGAGCAAAGTAAACGAAGCACTATGGTGGGAACCCCATATTGGATGGCACCTGAGGTGGTGACT
    CGAAAAGCTTATGGTCCGAAAGTTGATATCTGGTCTCTTGGAATTATGGCAATTGAAATGGTGGAAGG
    TGAACCCCCTTACCTTAATGAAAATCCACTCAGGGCATTGTATCTGATAGCCACTAATGGAACTCCAG
    AGCTCCAGAATCCTGAGAGACTGTCAGCTGTATTCCGTGACTTTTTAAATCGCTGTCTTGAGATGGAT
    GTGGATAGGCGAGGATCTGCCAAGGAGCTTTTGCAGCATCCATTTTTAAAATTAGCCAAGCCTCTCTC
    CAGCCTGACTCCTCTGATTATCGCTGCAAAGGAAGCAATTAAGAACAGCAGCCGCTAAGACTGCAAGC
    CTTACACCTCACCATCTCCCTCATGAGTAAGACTGAAATAAAACTCTGCTGCAGGAAAGATGGAAGAA
    AAGACAGTCAAATGGGGTGGGGGTTCTTTACCTTTCAAATGAATAGAAACTTCTTATAAGCCTTTTTC
    CTACTCCCTCAGATTATGTAATTTATTTGTAAGCCTGAATCGCAGCCCAAACAGGGCAGCAATGTTGA
    AGTGACCATAAAGTGGTCACTTCCACCGTGAAGCGAAAGAGCCAGTAGTGAATCCCCTCATTTTGTGC
    ATTCACTTTGAAGAAAAAGGTTTCTCAAAGATGCACACTCCCTCTTCATAGTGTTGTGTTTGTTTTTA
    AGTTAGAGAGTAGTCCCTCTTGCATTCAAACCTCCTTCAAAACTCCTTACCCAATGTGATGTTTTTCA
    CTTGCATTGTCATTAGATGTCCAGAAAAAAAAAAGATGTCAAAATGTTTTTCTAAAAAAAGAAAGCAA
    AAAAAGCAAGGCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAACAAAAACAAAAACAAAACAAAAACAAGCAAACAAA
    AAATACCAGAGCAAGTACTGTGTGAACATGTGGAAGTCCATGCCCTAATAGAGTTGCAATTTTTTATT
    CTTCTTCTATAGTGGTGGCTTGGTTTGTGTACCTATTTTTCTGCATTTGTATTGGAAAAGGTTTCTTT
    TAAGACATTTTCCAAAAGTGGAGAGGAATATGTGTGTTCAGGAAGGGCTTTCAAAAAACTGTATATCT
    AAATAAAGCTCAAACGGTGAAATCCTGTCACATTTTCACAATGATGCTTAAAAGATAATTGAGTAAAC
    CAGGTTGTTAATCTCCTTAATACCTGAAAGAGGACACACTGAAACTGAAACTGTGACATCCTGCTAGG
    TGAGTTCAGGTTCTGAACCTAGGAAATCCTCATAGGAGAAACCACATTTAAACAAAGATGGGACTTTC
    TCTGAGAGCCAAAACCAGATAAATGTAGAATACTGAAATCCTTGTTGGACATTAAGTAAACAAAGATA
    ATGATACCTAAATTAATCCTCTCTTGTGCTTATGAAACATATGCACTGTAAAATAGGCATACCAGGAG
    GAAATAGATACATTAATCATCATTTACTTATGATACAAATTATTTATTTTGACAATTTATAACGTTTA
    AAAAAGTTTTTTAAAGATCTAGAGAAAGGTGATATAGTAAACATTCAACTCTGTAAGAAATGGGAGGT
    CAGTGAAGGCTACATCCCAATCAATATTTGGCTCTAAGTACCTCTTCCCATTTTTCCTATGTATCACC
    TATTTCTGTTTCGGAATATGGTGTGTTCATGCTTAGTTCTTTGGGCTTTTGAATATCAAAAGCATATT
    CATAAATGTCTTGAAATTCTCTCCAGTGGAAAATAATTTTAACTTACAATCATATCCCAAGAAATGTC
    AGTCCGACAGAATTCCTTATATGACTTGGGGAAAATAACAAAATTTGACTACTATTTCACCATATATC
    TATTTATTAAAAAATTCAACAGTTGGCACTTCCTGAATCTTCTGAGAGTAGAAAAATATCTGCGGAGT
    GTCTGTGTAGAAAAGGATATGCCTCTCTTTTGAGTGTATTGACAATTTTGTAAATTACAGAAAGTTGT
    TTCTCTAAGCCTTTGAAAAACTAACAATTTGTGTTATAGAAGGCTTCTTAATTTGCAGTATAAAAGAA
    TCTAAACAGAACTTATGTACATTCAGCCAGAAGGGGAAAGAGATCAGTTACATAGGCCTCTCTCCTTC
    TTTGCCAAGGTACATCCATCCATCTAACCATCCATATATCCACATCTTAAAATGAAAGCACTTTCTTT
    AGAGTTTCAGCAAACTATATAGTGTACGTGTTTATGTTCAGGAGATGACCCCACTGGTGTATTTCCTA
    TTTTCCCTATTGTTTTCTTTGACTGTAAAAGTTGGGAGAGGCTTGACCTCCTCCCCTTGAAAATGTCC
    ACAGTGGGATAAAACAACAAATGTGAAAAGAAAATGAAACGGTAATATTAATTTGAAGCATACTATGT
    TATACTTTGCAAAAACGAATCTGGGCCTGTAATTTTTAATGCCACACTGCTCTAATGAGAGAGAGAGG
    CCTTAATTTTGATTTCATTTAAAAATAAGTACTTTAAAAAATTTTTCACTCATAGTGCCGGGAAATTC
    AATGAAATCCTGGGATGCAAATAAAAATCAGTACATTAGTGACTGTGTCCTGCCAGTGGAGAGAGCCC
    AATACCTGGTTAGGAAGCCCTATTCATTAGTTAGCATCCCTTACATGTTGAGAAGGCCTTTTTTTTGT
    TGTTATTTTGGAGACCTTGGAGCAGTGACCCTTCAGATCACTGTAGGCAGAGAAATGGCTTCTCTCTT
    ATGCTTTCAGTTCAGCATATTAACAATGAGGAGCCAGGTACTTCTTTACTACCACTTTGTACCAAGAT
    TTGATAATAATATATCCCAGGAGGCATTACTTTTATAAATTTGTATTCATGTAAATTTTCAAATGAGA
    ACAGCTTCTAAAGCCCCTTCCCTGTATTGGAGAGTTATGTATATTTCTAATAAGTATTAGAAAGAAGC
    TGTTTCTCATGCCACAGTGATGCTGAAGGATTCACATTTGGTACAATCGAGTAACTTGAACGCCAGAT
    TGTTAACAGTTTATTCTCTTTCCCTGGATTTTTAAGCTCATCTTGACACAGGTGAGTCTATCCAAATC
    TTTGATGTTGCTAGTGTGCCCTGAGATAACGAGGGCACATCTTTCAATGTTGATTCCAAAATGTCCTG
    AGTTAGGAATAGGGCAGTGGGAAAGTCAGGGAAGGGTGAGAAGCACAGTAGAGATTATTTATTTAAAA
    AAGGAAAGAACGTTAATGTTGTTAGCAAGGATCCAGTGCGTTGTCATAATCCCATGAGGATTTTCAGA
    TGACACAATCCCCTCAAATCAGTCACCATGTTGGGTAATGACTTCGTTCTTGCTGATCTCGTGTGTGT
    GTCATTGTAAATATTTGTGTGTCCATGTTCCATTTTGGCTACTGGATGGCCAAGCCATGTAAGAAGAT
    TTAACTCAAGTATTTATTCTTTATGTTATTCAGATTTCTTTCAGGCTTGTGAACTGCACCCCAATGTT
    TGAGTTTAACCACCTGATCCTTACATCTATCCCTCCCCGGTGAAGCACATTCCATTGCTAAAAGAAAA
    AGAAACACGAAATTGCTTCCTGTTGTCTGTATAACTGTTTTGATAGTTTGAGATATTTGTCTATAAAT
    GATATTTCTCAGCTCAAAGATCGTGTAAATAATTATATTCCTTTGCTCAATGGGTTTATTTCTAATGA
    GGCTGCCAGTTCTGAGAGATTCTATAATATCACTTTTAAATAACATAAACAGGGATTACAACTATGTA
    AAAAGAAATGCATATGGACAAAGACTGGGAACACAGATAATTGAAATCAGTTGTGTTAGGGTGGTGGA
    ATTATGTGAATTTTTTTTTCTTTTTAAAATTTTATTTGATATTGTTATAATATTGCTTTACAATAAAT
    AAACAGCAGAAAGGGAACTATAGACACATAGAAAAGATGCCAGAAGCAGATGCCTTCTGGCCAGAGCG
    CAGAGCATGCAGGGCAGAGATATTTGCTAGTTACAATTATTCCATAGGCTTTATGCTTGCCTGGGTGC
    TGAGGTTGGCACACGCTCGGGTATGGCACACGCTTTCTTAGGAGACTATTATCTATAAGTTAAAGCTA
    GGGAGATGTCACTATTAGAACTCCAAACACACTCTTCTGCTTTAAAACAGGTTGTCTGCCCTCTGCTT
    TGGTATGGCATTCGGGTGTCTGTTTTGTGGTTGCTTTAGATTGGAGGGGTGACCATTTTATTAGCCCC
    CTTGATAACATCTGTTGCAGATATTGCCTTTCTGGAACGTTTTAACAGACTCTCAGGTTGAATTTTGG
    AGGACTAGAAGGATAAAATCCCCAGCTCCCACCATTTTCTTGTCCAACAGGATATTACTGTATATCAT
    TCAGGTAGGATTCTTCTTTTAATAACCAATAGGGCAAGTCCCACTAATTTCAATAGAAGTTATGACTT
    GCAATTAAAAGCTGACTTTGAAATCATTAAACAAATATGTAGGACTGTCTCTGCCTGTTGGCATTCAG
    TTATAGTTCTGTTAATTTTGGCTTGGGATGGTCTCCATGTGCTTTTTTCTGCCTATTTATAGGTTGTT
    TGCAGTAGTTGTGATTTTTAAAGAGCAAGGGAGACCATCTAACCAAAGGATAACTTCCTTCTAACTCA
    CCAAAGAAATTTTAGGTGAGAACTTTAATAATGAGGTAGTCACCTCAGATATGCTGCTTAGTTTCACT
    AAAAGCAGACCCTATACCTAGAGAAGTCACTGGCTTTTTATTGGTCATTCTCAATACAGAAATACTTA
    GGGGAGTCTTAACCCTGCCATCCCCGGTTGAATCTCTTGGTCTTTATCTAAGCTACTTGCAGTTAATA
    TTCAGTTAAGCAAAGGTATGGCCAGTAGTGCAAGTATCTCCCAGTCTCTGAGCTCTGAACAAGAGGAC
    TGAAATTCAGCATTTGTAAACTGACAGTTTGATGGGCCTGGGATTTGAAGTGAACTCAGCACACAATT
    CTGAACGTGTATTTGCATGTGGACTGGGAAGGAAATAAATGGGAACTTGGAAATAATGGAATATTTCT
    CCTATGAAAGAATTTTTCGTAGAAGATTTGTTTTTGATATAATCTTTCTGTTGGTTAGCTTTTAGTGT
    TTTCATTCCTTTTCTGATCCACACTCCTTTAAGTGACCAAATGAATATAACCCAACATGCATTGGGAA
    TGTGTTTAATATTAAACAATGTCTAACTGAATCTGCAAATGCGGGAACTGAGATATCACCTCCATGTG
    CACACCTGTGTGTACGAGTATTCTATACAACTTGTAGCATTTACTGCCACTTAATTGGGTTGAACTTG
    CAAGATAAACTTTTGGAAACTGCTTAGTGCCATCGGAGTCTCCTTTAGAAGCTGCCATCAGGCAAATG
    CTATCCCATAATACCAGCAGTAAGCCTGGCAACATGTTCAACAGATTTAGTACCCAAGAGGAAATCAA
    CAGCGATAGTAGAGAATGAGTCAGATGTAGTGGGATAAATACTAGCCTAGGAAGAAGGAGCCCCGGAG
    TCTAATATGAGCTTTATTACTAAATTGCTATGTGACGCTAGGCAAGTCACTTAACCTCTCCATGGCTG
    TTTCCTCATCTGTAAAATAAGTGTATTGGACTAGATGATCCTTAGGGTCTTTCCAAAAGTCTAACATT
    CTATGGCATTATAGGTTGCCTTGCAAATTCAGCCTGCTATAGTGATGGCAAATATCACGTTTAAGCCT
    GAGTCTCTTATGTTGCAGTTAAATAAAAGAACTATGTAAGATGATTTTTAAAATTCAAGCAAATGGGC
    CGGGTGCGGTGGCTCATACCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCAAGGCAGGCGGATCACCTGAGGT
    CAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGACCAACATAGAGAAACCCCATCTCTACTAAAAATACAAAATTAGCCG
    GGTGTGGTGGCGGGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTTGGGAGGCTGAGGTGGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCA
    GGAGGCGGAGGTTGTGGTGAGCTGAGATCATGCCATTGCACTCCAGCCTCGGCAACAAGAGTGAAACT
    TCGTCTCCAAAAAAAAAAACTCAAGCAAATGAAGTTCATAATAATAGGGGATGTTGATAAAACTTGTG
    GCAGCCTTCCAATTCATTTACAGTTGTTTCGTTTTGTTTTTGTTTTAATGTCCATTTTCTGTTGACTG
    TTCCCAGTTTTCATTTTCCATACAGTCTGTATGTAAAGTCTGGTTTTCATTAAGCTGTGGCCAGTATT
    TGCCACTACAACAGAAACACACTGTCACACTTGCTAGAATATAACTGTACTTGAGCTTCTCCTTTCCT
    GTGAAGTAGTGCTGGGCTTTCTAGAGTTTAATTCTCAAGTGGCACAAGATAGCAGAGCCCATGCATTT
    TAATGGCTGAGACTGCTAAGAGTGAACCTAAACACTTACAAGTTGCAGAGAGAAATGAAAAAGTAATT
    ACATGCTATTAGCATTGAGAAATGTTGACAAATTAATTTGTTGGGAACCAAAGATAGCATTTCTGATG
    ACAACTCCCACAGTGATTGGCCAGTTGTATGATGAGTACACTGCTGGAAAGAGGGTAAACTGGGAGTT
    AGTGGATGGTCCCAATGCCCTGCCTACAGCAGAGTGCCAACCAGCCCTGAGTGCAAAATTCAAGTTCA
    ATGTGTGTGCTTGTGTGTGGTGTGCTTTATGGACCCGCAAATACCATATTCATTATTGATGATAAGAT
    CTTCACAGAATCCTGTAGCTACTAATGCATTGAGTTTTTAATCTCAGTACATCAGCCAGGAGGAGCCA
    GATCACAGGGTAGTGATGTCTACTGGGATTATACTCATAACATCTACACAAAACAAGTTGAGAAGGAT
    CCACGTTTTCATTGTTTATCAGAATTGTATCTCATTTGGCTGAGCATTACTTTTGTCAGAATGTGTTA
    TCTGTAAACCATGTGTAGTGAAATTCTTCTGTAACTTTGGATTAAAGGTATTTATGGTCTTTTTGTTT
    GTTTGATTTTTAAGTAAGTTATTTCTTTTGTAGACCTGCTGATGGTATGGTTCCATCCTTCTGACCTC
    AGCATCCAATCTTTTTAAGGATTTTTGTTTTCAATATTGTTATTTTAAATTGTGGTTGAAGCAATAGA
    AAATTGAAATATGGATTGTGCATGACTGTGTCTTGAGTGTAAAAATATTGCAGTTTGAAACTTGGACC
    TAAAGTATTGCAAATAAAAATGACAAACATCAATGA
    7190 Human PAK3 ACCGCGGGCGGGCAGCTGTGCCAGCTAACCGTCTGGGATCTCGCACTGGGGGCTGCAGCTTTTCCCCG
    transcript CCTCGAGCCAGTGTGCGGGGGCGGGAGAAGAGCCAGGGGGAGCGGGCTGGGCCCGGGGCTGCGGCTGC
    variant GGCCGCGGGGCTGCGGCTCCCCAGCCCCGCCAGCTGGAGCGCTCGGAGGTAGAGGAAAGGTCTTGACG
    4 mRNA GGGTGGCTGGATCCGTGGCAGAATCCAGTTCCAGATTCTAGACTTGAGGGTTCTGGGCTGTTGGTCTG
    NM_001128168. TAGAAGCGAAGGAGAGAAGGACTCAAATCCAGGCCAAGTGTATGGCTGTCTGAGGTATTGGAACAGAA
    3 GGAGGTCCATTCCTGTTGGTGACAACACCGTGGCCCTGTTCTGGGATGAGCAAGGTGTAAAGCAGGTT
    (GI:1676441496 TCCCCCAAGAAAGAGCAGCTGAGTCCTTGCATCTTGTGGCAGCTGGTGTGCCCAGCACTGAGTCTGTA
    version 3) GGAGCTGAAGCCAGCCCGGACCCTTCTCATGGGCAGTGCCCACCTGTGCTGAAGTCCTGCAGCGGTGG
    CGGTGTGAGGAGCTGTGAAATTAGTTGTAACTGAAAATGTCTGACGGTCTGGATAATGAAGAGAAACC
    CCCGGCTCCTCCACTGAGGATGAATAGTAACAACCGGGATTCTTCAGCACTCAACCACAGCTCCAAAC
    CACTTCCCATGGCCCCTGAAGAGAAGAATAAGAAAGCCAGGCTTCGCTCTATCTTCCCAGGAGGAGGG
    GATAAAACCAATAAGAAGAAGGAGAAAGAGCGCCCAGAGATCTCTCTTCCTTCAGACTTTGAGCATAC
    GATTCATGTGGGGTTTGATGCAGTCACCGGGGAATTCACTAACTCCCCTTTCCAGACCTCTAGACCTG
    TGACGGTCGCTTCAAGTCAATCAGAGGGAAAAATGCCAGATCTCTATGGCTCACAGATGTGCCCAGGG
    AAGCTCCCAGAGGGAATTCCAGAGCAATGGGCACGATTACTCCAAACTTCCAACATAACAAAATTGGA
    ACAGAAGAAGAACCCACAAGCTGTTCTAGATGTTCTCAAATTCTATGATTCCAAAGAAACAGTCAACA
    ACCAGAAATACATGAGCTTTACATCAGGAGATAAAAGTGCACATGGATACATAGCAGCCCATCCTTCG
    AGTACAAAAACAGCATCTGAGCCTCCATTGGCCCCTCCTGTGTCTGAAGAAGAAGATGAAGAGGAAGA
    AGAAGAAGAAGATGAAAATGAGCCACCACCAGTTATCGCACCAAGACCAGAGCATACAAAATCAATCT
    ATACTCGTTCTGTGGTTGAATCCATTGCTTCACCAGCAGTACCAAATAAAGAGGTCACACCACCCTCT
    GCTGAAAATGCCAATTCCAGTACTTTGTACAGGAACACAGATCGGCAAAGAAAAAAATCCAAGATGAC
    AGATGAGGAGATCTTAGAGAAGCTAAGAAGCATTGTGAGTGTTGGGGACCCAAAGAAAAAATACACAA
    GATTTGAAAAAATTGGTCAAGGGGCATCAGGTACTGTTTATACAGCACTAGACATTGCAACAGGACAA
    GAGGTGGCCATAAAGCAGATGAACCTTCAACAGCAACCCAAGAAGGAATTAATTATTAATGAAATTCT
    GGTCATGAGGGAAAATAAGAACCCTAATATTGTTAATTATTTAGATAGCTACTTGGTGGGTGATGAAC
    TATGGGTAGTCATGGAATACTTGGCTGGTGGCTCTCTGACTGATGTGGTCACAGAGACCTGTATGGAT
    GAAGGACAGATAGCAGCTGTCTGCAGAGAGTGCCTGCAAGCTTTGGATTTCCTGCACTCAAACCAGGT
    GATCCATAGAGATATAAAGAGTGACAATATTCTTCTCGGGATGGATGGCTCTGTTAAATTGACTGACT
    TTGGGTTCTGTGCCCAGATCACTCCTGAGCAAAGTAAACGAAGCACTATGGTGGGAACCCCATATTGG
    ATGGCACCTGAGGTGGTGACTCGAAAAGCTTATGGTCCGAAAGTTGATATCTGGTCTCTTGGAATTAT
    GGCAATTGAAATGGTGGAAGGTGAACCCCCTTACCTTAATGAAAATCCACTCAGGGCATTGTATCTGA
    TAGCCACTAATGGAACTCCAGAGCTCCAGAATCCTGAGAGACTGTCAGCTGTATTCCGTGACTTTTTA
    AATCGCTGTCTTGAGATGGATGTGGATAGGCGAGGATCTGCCAAGGAGCTTTTGCAGCATCCATTTTT
    AAAATTAGCCAAGCCTCTCTCCAGCCTGACTCCTCTGATTATCGCTGCAAAGGAAGCAATTAAGAACA
    GCAGCCGCTAAGACTGCAAGCCTTACACCTCACCATCTCCCTCATGAGTAAGACTGAAATAAAACTCT
    GCTGCAGGAAAGATGGAAGAAAAGACAGTCAAATGGGGTGGGGGTTCTTTACCTTTCAAATGAATAGA
    AACTTCTTATAAGCCTTTTTCCTACTCCCTCAGATTATGTAATTTATTTGTAAGCCTGAATCGCAGCC
    CAAACAGGGCAGCAATGTTGAAGTGACCATAAAGTGGTCACTTCCACCGTGAAGCGAAAGAGCCAGTA
    GTGAATCCCCTCATTTTGTGCATTCACTTTGAAGAAAAAGGTTTCTCAAAGATGCACACTCCCTCTTC
    ATAGTGTTGTGTTTGTTTTTAAGTTAGAGAGTAGTCCCTCTTGCATTCAAACCTCCTTCAAAACTCCT
    TACCCAATGTGATGTTTTTCACTTGCATTGTCATTAGATGTCCAGAAAAAAAAAAGATGTCAAAATGT
    TTTTCTAAAAAAAGAAAGCAAAAAAAGCAAGGCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAACAAAAACAAAAACA
    AAACAAAAACAAGCAAACAAAAAATACCAGAGCAAGTACTGTGTGAACATGTGGAAGTCCATGCCCTA
    ATAGAGTTGCAATTTTTTATTCTTCTTCTATAGTGGTGGCTTGGTTTGTGTACCTATTTTTCTGCATT
    TGTATTGGAAAAGGTTTCTTTTAAGACATTTTCCAAAAGTGGAGAGGAATATGTGTGTTCAGGAAGGG
    CTTTCAAAAAACTGTATATCTAAATAAAGCTCAAACGGTGAAATCCTGTCACATTTTCACAATGATGC
    TTAAAAGATAATTGAGTAAACCAGGTTGTTAATCTCCTTAATACCTGAAAGAGGACACACTGAAACTG
    AAACTGTGACATCCTGCTAGGTGAGTTCAGGTTCTGAACCTAGGAAATCCTCATAGGAGAAACCACAT
    TTAAACAAAGATGGGACTTTCTCTGAGAGCCAAAACCAGATAAATGTAGAATACTGAAATCCTTGTTG
    GACATTAAGTAAACAAAGATAATGATACCTAAATTAATCCTCTCTTGTGCTTATGAAACATATGCACT
    GTAAAATAGGCATACCAGGAGGAAATAGATACATTAATCATCATTTACTTATGATACAAATTATTTAT
    TTTGACAATTTATAACGTTTAAAAAAGTTTTTTAAAGATCTAGAGAAAGGTGATATAGTAAACATTCA
    ACTCTGTAAGAAATGGGAGGTCAGTGAAGGCTACATCCCAATCAATATTTGGCTCTAAGTACCTCTTC
    CCATTTTTCCTATGTATCACCTATTTCTGTTTCGGAATATGGTGTGTTCATGCTTAGTTCTTTGGGCT
    TTTGAATATCAAAAGCATATTCATAAATGTCTTGAAATTCTCTCCAGTGGAAAATAATTTTAACTTAC
    AATCATATCCCAAGAAATGTCAGTCCGACAGAATTCCTTATATGACTTGGGGAAAATAACAAAATTTG
    ACTACTATTTCACCATATATCTATTTATTAAAAAATTCAACAGTTGGCACTTCCTGAATCTTCTGAGA
    GTAGAAAAATATCTGCGGAGTGTCTGTGTAGAAAAGGATATGCCTCTCTTTTGAGTGTATTGACAATT
    TTGTAAATTACAGAAAGTTGTTTCTCTAAGCCTTTGAAAAACTAACAATTTGTGTTATAGAAGGCTTC
    TTAATTTGCAGTATAAAAGAATCTAAACAGAACTTATGTACATTCAGCCAGAAGGGGAAAGAGATCAG
    TTACATAGGCCTCTCTCCTTCTTTGCCAAGGTACATCCATCCATCTAACCATCCATATATCCACATCT
    TAAAATGAAAGCACTTTCTTTAGAGTTTCAGCAAACTATATAGTGTACGTGTTTATGTTCAGGAGATG
    ACCCCACTGGTGTATTTCCTATTTTCCCTATTGTTTTCTTTGACTGTAAAAGTTGGGAGAGGCTTGAC
    CTCCTCCCCTTGAAAATGTCCACAGTGGGATAAAACAACAAATGTGAAAAGAAAATGAAACGGTAATA
    TTAATTTGAAGCATACTATGTTATACTTTGCAAAAACGAATCTGGGCCTGTAATTTTTAATGCCACAC
    TGCTCTAATGAGAGAGAGAGGCCTTAATTTTGATTTCATTTAAAAATAAGTACTTTAAAAAATTTTTC
    ACTCATAGTGCCGGGAAATTCAATGAAATCCTGGGATGCAAATAAAAATCAGTACATTAGTGACTGTG
    TCCTGCCAGTGGAGAGAGCCCAATACCTGGTTAGGAAGCCCTATTCATTAGTTAGCATCCCTTACATG
    TTGAGAAGGCCTTTTTTTTGTTGTTATTTTGGAGACCTTGGAGCAGTGACCCTTCAGATCACTGTAGG
    CAGAGAAATGGCTTCTCTCTTATGCTTTCAGTTCAGCATATTAACAATGAGGAGCCAGGTACTTCTTT
    ACTACCACTTTGTACCAAGATTTGATAATAATATATCCCAGGAGGCATTACTTTTATAAATTTGTATT
    CATGTAAATTTTCAAATGAGAACAGCTTCTAAAGCCCCTTCCCTGTATTGGAGAGTTATGTATATTTC
    TAATAAGTATTAGAAAGAAGCTGTTTCTCATGCCACAGTGATGCTGAAGGATTCACATTTGGTACAAT
    CGAGTAACTTGAACGCCAGATTGTTAACAGTTTATTCTCTTTCCCTGGATTTTTAAGCTCATCTTGAC
    ACAGGTGAGTCTATCCAAATCTTTGATGTTGCTAGTGTGCCCTGAGATAACGAGGGCACATCTTTCAA
    TGTTGATTCCAAAATGTCCTGAGTTAGGAATAGGGCAGTGGGAAAGTCAGGGAAGGGTGAGAAGCACA
    GTAGAGATTATTTATTTAAAAAAGGAAAGAACGTTAATGTTGTTAGCAAGGATCCAGTGCGTTGTCAT
    AATCCCATGAGGATTTTCAGATGACACAATCCCCTCAAATCAGTCACCATGTTGGGTAATGACTTCGT
    TCTTGCTGATCTCGTGTGTGTGTCATTGTAAATATTTGTGTGTCCATGTTCCATTTTGGCTACTGGAT
    GGCCAAGCCATGTAAGAAGATTTAACTCAAGTATTTATTCTTTATGTTATTCAGATTTCTTTCAGGCT
    TGTGAACTGCACCCCAATGTTTGAGTTTAACCACCTGATCCTTACATCTATCCCTCCCCGGTGAAGCA
    CATTCCATTGCTAAAAGAAAAAGAAACACGAAATTGCTTCCTGTTGTCTGTATAACTGTTTTGATAGT
    TTGAGATATTTGTCTATAAATGATATTTCTCAGCTCAAAGATCGTGTAAATAATTATATTCCTTTGCT
    CAATGGGTTTATTTCTAATGAGGCTGCCAGTTCTGAGAGATTCTATAATATCACTTTTAAATAACATA
    AACAGGGATTACAACTATGTAAAAAGAAATGCATATGGACAAAGACTGGGAACACAGATAATTGAAAT
    CAGTTGTGTTAGGGTGGTGGAATTATGTGAATTTTTTTTTCTTTTTAAAATTTTATTTGATATTGTTA
    TAATATTGCTTTACAATAAATAAACAGCAGAAAGGGAACTATAGACACATAGAAAAGATGCCAGAAGC
    AGATGCCTTCTGGCCAGAGCGCAGAGCATGCAGGGCAGAGATATTTGCTAGTTACAATTATTCCATAG
    GCTTTATGCTTGCCTGGGTGCTGAGGTTGGCACACGCTCGGGTATGGCACACGCTTTCTTAGGAGACT
    ATTATCTATAAGTTAAAGCTAGGGAGATGTCACTATTAGAACTCCAAACACACTCTTCTGCTTTAAAA
    CAGGTTGTCTGCCCTCTGCTTTGGTATGGCATTCGGGTGTCTGTTTTGTGGTTGCTTTAGATTGGAGG
    GGTGACCATTTTATTAGCCCCCTTGATAACATCTGTTGCAGATATTGCCTTTCTGGAACGTTTTAACA
    GACTCTCAGGTTGAATTTTGGAGGACTAGAAGGATAAAATCCCCAGCTCCCACCATTTTCTTGTCCAA
    CAGGATATTACTGTATATCATTCAGGTAGGATTCTTCTTTTAATAACCAATAGGGCAAGTCCCACTAA
    TTTCAATAGAAGTTATGACTTGCAATTAAAAGCTGACTTTGAAATCATTAAACAAATATGTAGGACTG
    TCTCTGCCTGTTGGCATTCAGTTATAGTTCTGTTAATTTTGGCTTGGGATGGTCTCCATGTGCTTTTT
    TCTGCCTATTTATAGGTTGTTTGCAGTAGTTGTGATTTTTAAAGAGCAAGGGAGACCATCTAACCAAA
    GGATAACTTCCTTCTAACTCACCAAAGAAATTTTAGGTGAGAACTTTAATAATGAGGTAGTCACCTCA
    GATATGCTGCTTAGTTTCACTAAAAGCAGACCCTATACCTAGAGAAGTCACTGGCTTTTTATTGGTCA
    TTCTCAATACAGAAATACTTAGGGGAGTCTTAACCCTGCCATCCCCGGTTGAATCTCTTGGTCTTTAT
    CTAAGCTACTTGCAGTTAATATTCAGTTAAGCAAAGGTATGGCCAGTAGTGCAAGTATCTCCCAGTCT
    CTGAGCTCTGAACAAGAGGACTGAAATTCAGCATTTGTAAACTGACAGTTTGATGGGCCTGGGATTTG
    AAGTGAACTCAGCACACAATTCTGAACGTGTATTTGCATGTGGACTGGGAAGGAAATAAATGGGAACT
    TGGAAATAATGGAATATTTCTCCTATGAAAGAATTTTTCGTAGAAGATTTGTTTTTGATATAATCTTT
    CTGTTGGTTAGCTTTTAGTGTTTTCATTCCTTTTCTGATCCACACTCCTTTAAGTGACCAAATGAATA
    TAACCCAACATGCATTGGGAATGTGTTTAATATTAAACAATGTCTAACTGAATCTGCAAATGCGGGAA
    CTGAGATATCACCTCCATGTGCACACCTGTGTGTACGAGTATTCTATACAACTTGTAGCATTTACTGC
    CACTTAATTGGGTTGAACTTGCAAGATAAACTTTTGGAAACTGCTTAGTGCCATCGGAGTCTCCTTTA
    GAAGCTGCCATCAGGCAAATGCTATCCCATAATACCAGCAGTAAGCCTGGCAACATGTTCAACAGATT
    TAGTACCCAAGAGGAAATCAACAGCGATAGTAGAGAATGAGTCAGATGTAGTGGGATAAATACTAGCC
    TAGGAAGAAGGAGCCCCGGAGTCTAATATGAGCTTTATTACTAAATTGCTATGTGACGCTAGGCAAGT
    CACTTAACCTCTCCATGGCTGTTTCCTCATCTGTAAAATAAGTGTATTGGACTAGATGATCCTTAGGG
    TCTTTCCAAAAGTCTAACATTCTATGGCATTATAGGTTGCCTTGCAAATTCAGCCTGCTATAGTGATG
    GCAAATATCACGTTTAAGCCTGAGTCTCTTATGTTGCAGTTAAATAAAAGAACTATGTAAGATGATTT
    TTAAAATTCAAGCAAATGGGCCGGGTGCGGTGGCTCATACCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCAA
    GGCAGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGACCAACATAGAGAAACCCCATCTCTA
    CTAAAAATACAAAATTAGCCGGGTGTGGTGGCGGGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTTGGGAGGCTGAGG
    TGGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCAGGAGGCGGAGGTTGTGGTGAGCTGAGATCATGCCATTGCACTCCAGC
    CTCGGCAACAAGAGTGAAACTTCGTCTCCAAAAAAAAAAACTCAAGCAAATGAAGTTCATAATAATAG
    GGGATGTTGATAAAACTTGTGGCAGCCTTCCAATTCATTTACAGTTGTTTCGTTTTGTTTTTGTTTTA
    ATGTCCATTTTCTGTTGACTGTTCCCAGTTTTCATTTTCCATACAGTCTGTATGTAAAGTCTGGTTTT
    CATTAAGCTGTGGCCAGTATTTGCCACTACAACAGAAACACACTGTCACACTTGCTAGAATATAACTG
    TACTTGAGCTTCTCCTTTCCTGTGAAGTAGTGCTGGGCTTTCTAGAGTTTAATTCTCAAGTGGCACAA
    GATAGCAGAGCCCATGCATTTTAATGGCTGAGACTGCTAAGAGTGAACCTAAACACTTACAAGTTGCA
    GAGAGAAATGAAAAAGTAATTACATGCTATTAGCATTGAGAAATGTTGACAAATTAATTTGTTGGGAA
    CCAAAGATAGCATTTCTGATGACAACTCCCACAGTGATTGGCCAGTTGTATGATGAGTACACTGCTGG
    AAAGAGGGTAAACTGGGAGTTAGTGGATGGTCCCAATGCCCTGCCTACAGCAGAGTGCCAACCAGCCC
    TGAGTGCAAAATTCAAGTTCAATGTGTGTGCTTGTGTGTGGTGTGCTTTATGGACCCGCAAATACCAT
    ATTCATTATTGATGATAAGATCTTCACAGAATCCTGTAGCTACTAATGCATTGAGTTTTTAATCTCAG
    TACATCAGCCAGGAGGAGCCAGATCACAGGGTAGTGATGTCTACTGGGATTATACTCATAACATCTAC
    ACAAAACAAGTTGAGAAGGATCCACGTTTTCATTGTTTATCAGAATTGTATCTCATTTGGCTGAGCAT
    TACTTTTGTCAGAATGTGTTATCTGTAAACCATGTGTAGTGAAATTCTTCTGTAACTTTGGATTAAAG
    GTATTTATGGTCTTTTTGTTTGTTTGATTTTTAAGTAAGTTATTTCTTTTGTAGACCTGCTGATGGTA
    TGGTTCCATCCTTCTGACCTCAGCATCCAATCTTTTTAAGGATTTTTGTTTTCAATATTGTTATTTTA
    AATTGTGGTTGAAGCAATAGAAAATTGAAATATGGATTGTGCATGACTGTGTCTTGAGTGTAAAAATA
    TTGCAGTTTGAAACTTGGACCTAAAGTATTGCAAATAAAAATGACAAACATCAATGA
    7191 Human TRNP1 GGGGTGGGGGCTGTGGCCGTGTCTAGCTGTTCGGGTGTGCTGTGGTCATCCTCCCTGCGCACCTACAG
    mRNA CCGCAGACCGCCGGTGGGGGGCGGGGGATGCCGGGCTGCCGCATCAGCGCCTGCGGCCCGGGGGCCCA
    NM_001013642. GGAGGGGACGGCAGAGCAGAGGTCGCCGCCGCCGCCCTGGGATCCCATGCCGTCCTCTCAGCCCCCGC
    3 CCCCAACTCCGACCTTGACTCCTACCCCGACCCCGGGTCAGTCCCCGCCGCTGCCGGACGCAGCTGGG
    (GI:1519242294 GCTTCAGCAGGCGCGGCCGAGGACCAGGAGCTGCAGCGCTGGCGCCAGGGCGCTAGCGGGATCGCGGG
    version 3) GCTCGCCGGCCCCGGAGGGGGCTCTGGCGCGGCTGCGGGGGCGGGGGGCCGCGCGCTGGAGCTGGCCG
    AAGCACGGCGGCGGCTGCTGGAGGTGGAGGGCCGCCGGCGCCTGGTGTCGGAGCTGGAGAGCCGCGTG
    CTGCAGCTGCACCGCGTTTTCTTGGCGGCCGAGCTGCGCCTGGCGCACCGCGCGGAGAGCCTGAGCCG
    CCTGAGCGGCGGCGTGGCGCAGGCCGAGCTCTACCTGGCGGCTCACGGGTCGCGCCTCAAGAAGGGCC
    CGCGCCGCGGCCGCCGCGGCCGACCCCCCGCGCTGCTGGCCTCGGCGCTGGGCCTGGGCGGCTGCGTG
    CCCTGGGGTGCCGGGCGACTGCGGCGCGGCCACGGCCCCGAGCCCGACTCGCCCTTCCGCCGCAGCCC
    GCCCCGCGGCCCCGCCTCCCCGCAGCGCTGACCTCCACGCCCGGACCCCTGGCCACCCCGACAAGCTT
    CGCCGAGGTGCCGACCGACCGACTGATCGCGGACGCCGGCTGGAAGGACTACGGATCCGCAGGAAGAG
    GCAGTTGGGGGCCAGGGGCCCAGTAGAGGAGGCTGAGCTCCTTCCAACTCCTCAGAACCTCCACTCTA
    TGGATCTGGACCTCTGGATTCGGCTTTCTCCCTGGGCACTGCCTTCAGGAAGACGTTGAGAATTGACC
    TTACACAATCCCAGCGCCCTCCTCACAGGAGCCTTTCACTTTACAGTGGCAAGGGGCTGGTTCTGGAG
    AACTGGCTGATGCTCTGAATTTCTTCATATACCCCACATTTGACTTTGGCTTACACTGTACAATTGGA
    GATGTTGCTACAGGTCCCTGAGATGCAATCAGATTAAGCGTAGCAAGCATTGCCAATGGGAAAGTCAA
    AATAATTTATTTTTTTTCCCTTTCCCCCTACCCCATCCCCAGCCAAGAATTTCTTTTCAAGATATCGT
    CATCATTCTTAAACAACATTCTTAACCCCCAGCTGGGGTCCCCATTTTAATAGATGTCATTGCTTCAA
    GTCTAACGGCGCCGGGAGGCCTGTTTGAGGGAAAACATTAGTTTGAAAAATCCCCGTTCCCTTCATCC
    ACTGCCCTTGTTCTCCACGTGGGAGTGTGCTTGTGGCCCCTCAGAAAGATAGTCTGCTGGCTCCTAGG
    GGTTGGGGTGGGGGACACACCTTTTTCTCAGGAAGAGGTGATGGCAATGTAAAACATCTAAGCAAAGT
    TTTAAATGAAAAAAAGGAAACACATTTAAACATCCTGATAATGGAGGGAAGGGGGGCACATTTACACA
    TAGCCCAGAACTTGTAGAATTCTGCATAGTGAATGTATATTGAATTAGTCTCCTGCCTTATACATTCA
    GGAGGAATAAATTTCCATAATGTAAGGCAAATGCATGGGGTTCTGAGGTTCACTTTGCAAGTGCCCTT
    GCTGCCTTTCCTCTGTGTCTATTATGGCTCTTTAAGTTGACGGTTCCTGGAGCAGCTTGTATTTAGTT
    TCGTTTGGCAGTCTGGCCCTGTTGACTTTGATTTGCAGACCAATTCTCCCTTGACCTGACTCACAGCC
    GCCTGCTCTTACCCCCCTCCTCAGGAAGTCTTCCTCATTAAAGGATGTGATGACGGA
    7192 Human APLN GAGCATTCTCTCTGGCAGCCGGGGTCACGGGCAGTTGCAGCCGCGGCCGAGCAGCCAGCCGCTAAGAA
    mRNA AGAGCTCGCCGCTGCCGCTCCCGGAGCCGCCGAGGCCAGCTTCGCGGCGCTGCCCCGCGGCGGGAGAG
    NM_017413.5 GAGGCTGCAGAAGAGCGGAGGCGGCCAGCGGGAGCGGCGGGGCTCAGCGCGCACACTCAGCGGCCGGG
    (GI:1519315208 GAGCCTCCCGAGCTCTGCGCCCGCACGCGCCAGCCGCGGCTCGCGCCTTTCTTGGCCTCCGGGCGCCC
    version 5) GACCTCTCCTCCCCCGCGCCGGCTCGCCGGGGCCGCGGCGGCCCAAGGAGCAGCATGAATCTGCGGCT
    CTGCGTGCAGGCGCTCCTGCTGCTCTGGCTCTCCTTGACCGCGGTGTGTGGAGGGTCCCTGATGCCGC
    TTCCCGATGGGAATGGGCTGGAAGACGGCAATGTCCGCCACCTGGTGCAGCCCAGAGGGTCAAGGAAT
    GGGCCAGGGCCCTGGCAGGGAGGTCGGAGGAAATTCCGCCGCCAGCGGCCCCGCCTCTCCCATAAGGG
    ACCCATGCCTTTCTGAAGCAGGACTGAAGGGGCCCCCAAGTGCCCACCCCCGGCGGTTATGTCTCCTC
    CATAGATTGGTCTGCTTCTCTGGAGGCCTCACGTCCATTCAGCTCTCACCTCGCACCTGCTGTAGCCA
    CCAGTGGGCCCAGCTCTTCTCACCTGCCTGCTTCCCCCAGTGGCGTGCTCCTGGCTGTAGTTTGGATG
    ATTCCCGTTCTCTCACAAGAATCCGTCCAGTCCATCTTCCTGGCCCCTCCCTGGACTGACTTTGGAGA
    CCTAGCCCCAGAAAGCCTCCCTTCTTCTCCAGGTCCCCTCCGCCCTAGTCCCTGCCTGTCTCATCTAA
    CGCCCCAAACCTTCATTTGGGCCTTCCTTCCTCATGTCTGCCCTGAGCGCGGGGTGGAAGTGCTCCCT
    TCTGTGGGCTCCAGCAGATCCCTTGTTTTCCTGTCAGTTGGACCCCTCACCTGGCCTCCAGGGAAGAA
    TGCAGAGAAAAGCAAGGAGAGACTCTAGTTAAGAGGTGCTGGCTGCGGGGATCCAGACAGGGCACATT
    GGGGGCATGGAAGTGCCAGGGTGGTTTTCAGGAGCTCTGGTGAAGTGGGTGGAGCATCAGCGTTTGCT
    CAGTTAAGGGAGAGGTAGAGAGGGGCCCGTGAAGTCCTTTGTCACTTCTCTTGCCTTAGTGTGCCTCC
    CAATACTCCCTTCTTCCTGCCCCCACACCCCATCCCCAGCTAGCCCAAGCTCCAGGTCAGGAGGGGAG
    GGTGCTGGGCCTGACATGGCTATATACCCTCCCAGGAGTAAAAGCCAAGCAAGAGGTTGTTTTTGCCA
    AGAATCACAGAATGTTAGAGCTGACAGGACCCTTGAAGGTCACTTAGCCTTCTTAGGCAAACGCCTGC
    AAAACAGAAGCCTGGAGAGGGGAGTGACCTGCTCAGAGTCATTGCAGAGCCGGGATGGGGACCAGGTC
    TCCCATCTCCTACTTTATGACGCCCTCTTCCCTCTTGATGATGTCTTTTCAAAGCAAATGAAGTGCCT
    TTTCCCGAGGCTGGGGCTGGGGGTGGCTGGGAGGGGAAGGGAAGGGAGAGGCAAGCTGGCTGTGAACT
    GTCCTGTTGTGGGGCTGGAGCTGCTCCCACCTCCCTGACCTACCCCTGCTGCACCATTCCCCCAGCTG
    GGCTGGAAGGTTCCATAACTGGCCAGCTGCCCCCATAACTGGCAGCATTCCCAGACCCAGGGTACTCT
    AATAGGGGCGGCTCAGGCACTGAGACTACCGCTCAACCCCAGGGTGGTTTTCAGGAGTCCGAGGTAGC
    CTTCAATCACTGGACTCCATGGCCTTCCCTTCGTGTTGACCGGACCTTCCTTCCAGGGCTTTTCCTTT
    GGGGGAGGCGGAGAGGGGAGAAGAAGGAAGGGAAGGGCAGAAGGAAGGAGGGAAGAAAAGAAAGCAAA
    GGAACAGAAGGAAGGAAAGAAAGATGGGAGGAAGTGCAGCAGGAATAGCACCCTCTCCCCGGGAGGCC
    CTAGCTTCCGTGAGGGGCCATCACCAGCCATTCCTTGGAGGGGGCTTTCTCCCCTTTTGCTTGAGCAG
    GGTTCCCAGGAGGGAGAAAGAGAAGACAAGAGCCTGATGCCCAACTTTGTGTGTGTGGGGACGGGGGA
    GTCAGGGCCCCCCAAGTCCCACAATAGCCCCAATGTTTGCCTATCCACCTCCCCCAAGCCCCTTTACC
    TATGCTGCTGCTAACGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTTAAAGGCTCATGCTTGGAGTGGGGACT
    GGTCGGTGCCCAGAAAGTCTCTTCTGCCACTGACGCCCCCATCAGGGATTGGGCCTTCTTTCCCCCTT
    CCTTTCTGTGTCTCCTGCCTCATCGGCCTGCCATGACCTGCAGCCAAGCCCAGCCCCGTGGGGAAGGG
    GAGAAAGTGGGGGATGGCTAAGAAAGCTGGGAGATAGGGAACAGAAGAGGGTAGTGGGTGGGCTAGGG
    GGGCTGCCTTATTTAAAGTGGTTGTTTATGATTCTTATACTAATTTATACAAAGATATTAAGGCCCTG
    TTCATTAAGAAATTGTTCCCTTCCCCTGTGTTCAATGTTTGTAAAGATTGTTCTGTGTAAATATGTCT
    TTATAATAAACAGTTAAAAGCTGACAGTTCGCCCTTACTCTTGGAGGTCATGTTCAGGAGGGGCATTC
    CTTTCCCCTGGGGGTCATGGGTGTCCCCATGCCCACATATTGCACGTGCAGGGAGGTAAGTGCCTGCA
    TCCCAAATCGGTTCTAGGTCAACTGGCCTCAAACTGATTTGCCATGAGCTCACAAAATGAATCCCTAT
    GCTTAATGACCAGGTCACATAAAATCCAGCCCACTTACAGGTTTTCTGGCATCTGTTTGGGTGTCCTA
    ATTTTTTTGGCAGTGTCATTTGAAGAATTTTTTTAAAGCAGTTTATTTAAGAACATACTGATTAAATG
    CAGGATCGCTACTAAAAATTGTTTTGTATCCTTGGTGGGTGTCTTCTGCTATTTTATCTACTTTTGAA
    CACTTTCAGGACTTTTTAGCCAGTTTGCCTTTCTTGAAAAATGTTATGTTTTCAGCAATAAATACATT
    TGATAATGACTTTGTTTGTATCATTTTATGTTTCACAAAGTAGAGTTGCTTGATGAATGAGATAGCCT
    GAAAAATAAAATGCAAAGAGTTCAATATAA
    7193 Human KIF20A GGAGTTGTGCTCTGCGGCTGCGAAAGTCCAGCTTCGGCGACTAGGTGTGAGTAAGCCAGTATCCCAGG
    transcript AGGAGCAAGTGGCACGTCTTCGGACCTAGGCTGCCCCTGCCGTCATGTCGCAAGGGATCCTTTCTCCG
    variant CCAGCGGGCTTGCTGTCCGATGACGATGTCGTAGTTTCTCCCATGTTTGAGTCCACAGCTGCAGATTT
    1 mRNA GGGGTCTGTGGTACGCAAGAACCTGCTATCAGACTGCTCTGTCGTCTCTACCTCCCTAGAGGACAAGC
    NM_005733.3 AGCAGGTTCCATCTGAGGACAGTATGGAGAAGGTGAAAGTATACTTGAGGGTTAGGCCCTTGTTACCT
    (GI:1519313609 TCAGAGTTGGAACGACAGGAAGATCAGGGTTGTGTCCGTATTGAGAATGTGGAGACCCTTGTTCTACA
    version 3) AGCACCCAAGGACTCTTTTGCCCTGAAGAGCAATGAACGGGGAATTGGCCAAGCCACACACAGGTTCA
    CCTTTTCCCAGATCTTTGGGCCAGAAGTGGGACAGGCATCCTTCTTCAACCTAACTGTGAAGGAGATG
    GTAAAGGATGTACTCAAAGGGCAGAACTGGCTCATCTATACATATGGAGTCACTAACTCAGGGAAAAC
    CCACACGATTCAAGGTACCATCAAGGATGGAGGGATTCTCCCCCGGTCCCTGGCGCTGATCTTCAATA
    GCCTCCAAGGCCAACTTCATCCAACACCTGATCTGAAGCCCTTGCTCTCCAATGAGGTAATCTGGCTA
    GACAGCAAGCAGATCCGACAGGAGGAAATGAAGAAGCTGTCCCTGCTAAATGGAGGCCTCCAAGAGGA
    GGAGCTGTCCACTTCCTTGAAGAGGAGTGTCTACATCGAAAGTCGGATAGGTACCAGCACCAGCTTCG
    ACAGTGGCATTGCTGGGCTCTCTTCTATCAGTCAGTGTACCAGCAGTAGCCAGCTGGATGAAACAAGT
    CATCGATGGGCACAGCCAGACACTGCCCCACTACCTGTCCCGGCAAACATTCGCTTCTCCATCTGGAT
    CTCATTCTTTGAGATCTACAACGAACTGCTTTATGACCTATTAGAACCGCCTAGCCAACAGCGCAAGA
    GGCAGACTTTGCGGCTATGCGAGGATCAAAATGGCAATCCCTATGTGAAAGATCTCAACTGGATTCAT
    GTGCAAGATGCTGAGGAGGCCTGGAAGCTCCTAAAAGTGGGTCGTAAGAACCAGAGCTTTGCCAGCAC
    CCACCTCAACCAGAACTCCAGCCGCAGTCACAGCATCTTCTCAATCAGGATCCTACACCTTCAGGGGG
    AAGGAGATATAGTCCCCAAGATCAGCGAGCTGTCACTCTGTGATCTGGCTGGCTCAGAGCGCTGCAAA
    GATCAGAAGAGTGGTGAACGGTTGAAGGAAGCAGGAAACATTAACACCTCTCTACACACCCTGGGCCG
    CTGTATTGCTGCCCTTCGTCAAAACCAGCAGAACCGGTCAAAGCAGAACCTGGTTCCCTTCCGTGACA
    GCAAGTTGACTCGAGTGTTCCAAGGTTTCTTCACAGGCCGAGGCCGTTCCTGCATGATTGTCAATGTG
    AATCCCTGTGCATCTACCTATGATGAAACTCTTCATGTGGCCAAGTTCTCAGCCATTGCTAGCCAGCT
    TGTGCATGCCCCACCTATGCAACTGGGATTCCCATCCCTGCACTCGTTCATCAAGGAACATAGTCTTC
    AGGTATCCCCCAGCTTAGAGAAAGGGGCTAAGGCAGACACAGGCCTTGATGATGATATTGAAAATGAA
    GCTGACATCTCCATGTATGGCAAAGAGGAGCTCCTACAAGTTGTGGAAGCCATGAAGACACTGCTTTT
    GAAGGAACGACAGGAAAAGCTACAGCTGGAGATGCATCTCCGAGATGAAATTTGCAATGAGATGGTAG
    AACAGATGCAACAGCGGGAACAGTGGTGCAGTGAACATTTGGACACCCAAAAGGAACTATTGGAGGAA
    ATGTATGAAGAAAAACTAAATATCCTCAAGGAGTCACTGACAAGTTTTTACCAAGAAGAGATTCAGGA
    GCGGGATGAAAAGATTGAAGAGCTAGAAGCTCTCTTGCAGGAAGCCAGACAACAGTCAGTGGCCCATC
    AGCAATCAGGGTCTGAATTGGCCCTACGGCGGTCACAAAGGTTGGCAGCTTCTGCCTCCACCCAGCAG
    CTTCAGGAGGTTAAAGCTAAATTACAGCAGTGCAAAGCAGAGCTAAACTCTACCACTGAAGAGTTGCA
    TAAGTATCAGAAAATGTTAGAACCACCACCCTCAGCCAAGCCCTTCACCATTGATGTGGACAAGAAGT
    TAGAAGAGGGCCAGAAGAATATAAGGCTGTTGCGGACAGAGCTTCAGAAACTTGGTGAGTCTCTCCAA
    TCAGCAGAGAGAGCTTGTTGCCACAGCACTGGGGCAGGAAAACTTCGTCAAGCCTTGACCACTTGTGA
    TGACATCTTAATCAAACAGGACCAGACTCTGGCTGAACTGCAGAACAACATGGTGCTAGTGAAACTGG
    ACCTTCGGAAGAAGGCAGCATGTATTGCTGAGCAGTATCATACTGTGTTGAAACTCCAAGGCCAGGTT
    TCTGCCAAAAAGCGCCTTGGTACCAACCAGGAAAATCAGCAACCAAACCAACAACCACCAGGGAAGAA
    ACCATTCCTTCGAAATTTACTTCCCCGAACACCAACCTGCCAAAGCTCAACAGACTGCAGCCCTTATG
    CCCGGATCCTACGCTCACGGCGTTCCCCTTTACTCAAATCTGGGCCTTTTGGCAAAAAGTACTAAGGC
    TGTGGGGAAAGAGAAGAGCAGTCATGGCCCTGAGGTGGGTCAGCTACTCTCCTGAAGAAATAGGTCTC
    TTTTATGCTTTACCATATATCAGGAATTATATCCAGGATGCAATACTCAGACACTAGCTTTTTTCTCA
    CTTTTGTATTATAACCACCTATGTAATCTCATGTTGTTGTTTTTTTTTATTTACTTATATGATTTCTA
    TGCACACAAAAACAGTTATATTAAAGATATTATTGTTCACATTTTTTATTGAATTCCAAATGTAGCAA
    AATCATTAAAACAAATTATAAAAGGGACAGAAAAA
    7194 Human LTB AGTCTCAATGGGGGCACTGGGGCTGGAGGGCAGGGGTGGGAGGCTCCAGGGGAGGGGTTCCCTCCTGC
    transcript TAGCTGTGGCAGGAGCCACTTCTCTGGTGACCTTGTTGCTGGCGGTGCCTATCACTGTCCTGGCTGTG
    variant CTGGCCTTAGTGCCCCAGGATCAGGGAGGACTGGTAACGGAGACGGCCGACCCCGGGGCACAGGCCCA
    1 mRNA GCAAGGACTGGGGTTTCAGAAGCTGCCAGAGGAGGAGCCAGAAACAGATCTCAGCCCCGGGCTCCCAG
    NM_002341.2 CTGCCCACCTCATAGGCGCTCCGCTGAAGGGGCAGGGGCTAGGCTGGGAGACGACGAAGGAACAGGCG
    (GI:1720810086 TTTCTGACGAGCGGGACGCAGTTCTCGGACGCCGAGGGGCTGGCGCTCCCGCAGGACGGCCTCTATTA
    version 2) CCTCTACTGTCTCGTCGGCTACCGGGGCCGGGCGCCCCCTGGCGGCGGGGACCCCCAGGGCCGCTCGG
    TCACGCTGCGCAGCTCTCTGTACCGGGCGGGGGGCGCCTACGGGCCGGGCACTCCCGAGCTGCTGCTC
    GAGGGCGCCGAGACGGTGACTCCAGTGCTGGACCCGGCCAGGAGACAAGGGTACGGGCCTCTCTGGTA
    CACGAGCGTGGGGTTCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAGCTCCGGAGGGGCGAGAGGGTGTACGTCAACATCAGTC
    ACCCCGATATGGTGGACTTCGCGAGAGGGAAGACCTTCTTTGGGGCCGTGATGGTGGGGTGAGGGAAT
    ATGAGTGCGTGGTGCGAGTGCGTGAATATTGGGGGCCCGGACGCCCAGGACCCCATGGCAGTGGGAAA
    AATGTAGGAGACTGTTTGGAAATTGATTTTGAACCTGATGAAAATAAAGAATGGAAAGCTTCAGTGCT
    GCCGATAAA
    7195 Human LTB CAGTCTCAATGGGGGCACTGGGGCTGGAGGGCAGGGGTGGGAGGCTCCAGGGGAGGGGTTCCCTCCTG
    transcript CTAGCTGTGGCAGGAGCCACTTCTCTGGTGACCTTGTTGCTGGCGGTGCCTATCACTGTCCTGGCTGT
    variant GCTGGCCTTAGTGCCCCAGGATCAGGGAGGACTGGGTTTCAGAAGCTGCCAGAGGAGGAGCCAGAAAC
    2 mRNA AGATCTCAGCCCCGGGCTCCCAGCTGCCCACCTCATAGGCGCTCCGCTGAAGGGGCAGGGGCTAGGCT
    NM_009588.1 GGGAGACGACGAAGGAACAGGCGTTTCTGACGAGCGGGACGCAGTTCTCGGACGCCGAGGGGCTGGCG
    (GI:6996015, CTCCCGCAGGACGGCCTCTATTACCTCTACTGTCTCGTCGGCTACCGGGGCCGGGCGCCCCCTGGCGG
    version 1) CGGGGACCCCCAGGGCCGCTCGGTCACGCTGCGCAGCTCTCTGTACCGGGCGGGGGGCGCCTACGGGC
    CGGGCACTCCCGAGCTGCTGCTCGAGGGCGCCGAGACGGTGACTCCAGTGCTGGACCCGGCCAGGAGA
    CAAGGGTACGGGCCTCTCTGGTACACGAGCGTGGGGTTCGGCGGCCTGGTGCAGCTCCGGAGGGGCGA
    GAGGGTGTACGTCAACATCAGTCACCCCGATATGGTGGACTTCGCGAGAGGGAAGACCTTCTTTGGGG
    CCGTGATGGTGGGGTGAGGGAATATGAGTGCGTGGTGCGAGTGCGTGAATATTGGGGGCCCGGACGCC
    CAGGACCCCATGGCAGTGGGAAAAATGTAGGAGACTGTTTGGAAATTGATTTTGAACCTGATGAAAAT
    AAAGAATGGAAAGCTTCAGTGCTGCCGATAAA

Claims (18)

What is claimed is:
1. A method of treating fibrosis in a disease characterised by fibrosis, comprising administering a therapeutically-effective amount of an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid for inhibiting ITFG1 gene expression to a subject having the disease characterised by fibrosis.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the disease characterised by fibrosis is a disease characterised by fibrosis of the liver.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the disease characterised by fibrosis of the liver is selected from: acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, mild liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALFD), alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis, liver damage, liver injury, liver failure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, end-stage liver disease, inflammation of the liver, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the disease characterised by fibrosis of the liver is selected from: acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) hepatitis and liver damage.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid is an siRNA, dsiRNA, shRNA or antisense oligonucleotide.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more modified nucleotides selected from: 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, and 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphorothioate.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the antisense nucleic acid for inhibiting the expression of ITFG1 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs:457 to 1482.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises a moiety facilitating delivery to and/or uptake by a hepatocyte and/or hepatic tissue.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more GalNAc moieties.
10. A method of inhibiting fibrosis of the liver in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an inhibitory nucleic acid comprising or encoding antisense nucleic acid for inhibiting ITFG1 gene expression.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the subject has a disease characterised by fibrosis of the liver.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the disease characterised by fibrosis of the liver is selected from: acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, mild liver fibrosis, advanced liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALFD), alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), hepatitis, liver damage, liver injury, liver failure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, end-stage liver disease, inflammation of the liver, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the disease characterised by fibrosis of the liver is selected from: acute liver disease, chronic liver disease, metabolic liver disease, steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) hepatitis and liver damage.
14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid is an siRNA, dsiRNA, shRNA or antisense oligonucleotide.
15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more modified nucleotides selected from: 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-O-methyluridine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methyladenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-O-methylcytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphate, 2′-fluorocytidine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroguanosine-3′-phosphorothioate, 2′-fluoroadenosine-3′-phosphorothioate, and 2′-fluorouridine-3′-phosphorothioate.
16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the antisense nucleic acid for inhibiting the expression of ITFG1 comprises or consists of a nucleotide sequence having at least 75% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs:457 to 1482.
17. The method according to claim 10, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises a moiety facilitating delivery to and/or uptake by a hepatocyte and/or hepatic tissue.
18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid comprises one or more GalNAc moieties.
US17/823,839 2020-07-30 2022-08-31 Method of stimulating proliferation of a cell Abandoned US20230167440A1 (en)

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