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US20210170017A1 - Novel rsv rna molecules and compositions for vaccination - Google Patents

Novel rsv rna molecules and compositions for vaccination Download PDF

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US20210170017A1
US20210170017A1 US17/047,947 US201917047947A US2021170017A1 US 20210170017 A1 US20210170017 A1 US 20210170017A1 US 201917047947 A US201917047947 A US 201917047947A US 2021170017 A1 US2021170017 A1 US 2021170017A1
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utr
fragment
variant
gene
rna
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Johannes Lutz
Susanne RAUCH
Regina HEIDENREICH
Benjamin Petsch
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Curevac SE
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Curevac AG
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    • C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A61K39/155—Paramyxoviridae, e.g. parainfluenza virus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
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    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
    • C12N15/88—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation using microencapsulation, e.g. using amphiphile liposome vesicle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
    • A61K2039/53—DNA (RNA) vaccination
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/60—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
    • A61K2039/6018—Lipids, e.g. in lipopeptides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/18011—Paramyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/18511—Pneumovirus, e.g. human respiratory syncytial virus
    • C12N2760/18522—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/18011—Paramyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/18511—Pneumovirus, e.g. human respiratory syncytial virus
    • C12N2760/18534—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to artificial RNA suitable for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of an infection with Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or of a disorder related to such an infection.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one heterologous untranslated region (UTR), preferably a 3′-UTR and/or a 5′-UTR, and a coding region encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV, in particular at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV fusion (F) protein.
  • the artificial RNA is preferably characterized by increased expression efficacies of coding regions operably linked to said UTR elements.
  • the present invention is also directed to compositions and vaccines comprising said artificial RNA in association with a polymeric carrier, a polycationic protein or peptide, or a lipid nanoparticle (LNP). Further, the invention concerns a kit, particularly a kit of parts comprising the artificial RNA or composition or vaccine. The invention is further directed to a method of treating or preventing a disorder or a disease, and first and second medical uses of the artificial RNA, composition, or vaccine.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus is an enveloped non-segmented negative-strand RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Pneumovirus . It is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among children in their first year of life. RSV also causes repeated infections including severe lower respiratory tract disease, which may occur at any age, especially among the elderly or those with compromised cardiac, pulmonary, or immune systems. Currently, passive immunization is used to prevent severe illness caused by RSV infection, especially in infants with prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or congenital heart disease.
  • RSV bronchiolitis primarily consists of respiratory support and hydration. No specific anti-viral therapy is recommended.
  • the neutralizing monoclonal antibody Palivizumab is used for prophylaxis of infants at highest risk for severe infection but is too expensive and impractical for universal use.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are the greatest remaining unmet infant vaccine need in developed countries and an important unmet infant vaccine need worldwide. More than 40 years of effort have not yet resulted in a licensed RSV vaccine for humans.
  • WO2015/024668 discloses RNA sequences encoding RSV antigenic peptides and proteins selected from fusion protein F, the glycoprotein G, the short hydrophobic protein SH, the matrix protein M, the nucleoprotein N, the large polymerase L, the M2-1 protein, the M2-2 protein, the phosphoprotein P, the non-structural protein NS1 or the non-structural protein NS2, and an antigenic composition comprising protamine-complexed RNA suitable for intradermal administration.
  • WO2017/070622 discloses a vaccine comprising RNA encoding RSV antigenic peptides and proteins selected from glycoprotein F and glycoprotein G, wherein the RNA is formulated in lipid nanoparticles.
  • RNA coding for antigenic peptides or proteins of RSV and compositions/vaccines comprising said RNA for the use as vaccine for prophylaxis or treatment of RSV infections, particularly in infants, newborns, pregnant women, elderly, and immunocompromised patients.
  • Adaptive immune response The term “adaptive immune response” as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to an antigen-specific response of the immune system (the adaptive immune system). Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells. The ability to mount these tailored responses is usually maintained in the body by “memory cells” (B-cells).
  • the antigen is provided by the artificial RNA coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein.
  • Antigen as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a substance which may be recognized by the immune system, preferably by the adaptive immune system, and is capable of triggering an antigen-specific immune response, e.g. by formation of antibodies and/or antigen-specific T cells as part of an adaptive immune response.
  • an antigen may be or may comprise a peptide or protein which may be presented by the MHC to T-cells. Also fragments, variants and derivatives of peptides or proteins derived from e.g. RSV F protein comprising at least one epitope are understood as antigens in the context of the invention.
  • an antigen may be the product of translation of a provided artificial RNA as specified herein.
  • Antigenic peptide or protein The term “antigenic peptide or protein” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a peptide, protein (or polyprotein) derived from a (antigenic) protein/polyprotein which may stimulate the body's adaptive immune system to provide an adaptive immune response. Therefore an “antigenic peptide or protein” comprises at least one epitope (as defined herein) or antigen (as defined herein) of the protein it is derived from (e.g., in the context of the invention, RSV peptide or protein, preferably RSV F protein or variants thereof).
  • Artificial nucleic acid The terms “artificial nucleic acid” as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to an artificial nucleic acid that does not occur naturally.
  • An artificial nucleic acid may be a DNA molecule, an RNA molecule or a hybrid-molecule comprising DNA and RNA portions.
  • artificial nucleic acids may be designed and/or generated by genetic engineering methods to correspond to a desired artificial sequence of nucleotides (heterologous sequence).
  • an artificial sequence is usually a sequence that may not occur naturally, i.e. it differs from the wild type sequence by at least one nucleotide.
  • wild type as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a sequence occurring in nature.
  • artificial nucleic acid is not restricted to mean “one single molecule” but is, typically, understood to comprise an ensemble of essentially identical molecules.
  • Artificial RNA The term “artificial RNA” as used herein is intended to refer to an RNA that does not occur naturally.
  • an artificial RNA may be understood as a non-natural nucleic acid molecule.
  • Such RNA molecules may be non-natural due to its individual sequence (which does not occur naturally, e.g. G/C content modified coding sequence, UTRs) and/or due to other modifications, e.g. structural modifications of nucleotides which do not occur naturally.
  • artificial RNA may be designed and/or generated by genetic engineering methods to correspond to a desired artificial sequence of nucleotides (heterologous sequence).
  • an artificial RNA sequence is usually a sequence that may not occur naturally, i.e.
  • RNA of the invention is an artificial RNA as defined herein.
  • Cationic Unless a different meaning is clear from the specific context, the term “cationic” means that the respective structure bears a positive charge, either permanently or not permanently but in response to certain conditions such as pH. Thus, the term “cationic” covers both “permanently cationic” and “cationisable”.
  • Cationisable means that a compound, or group or atom, is positively charged at a lower pH and uncharged at a higher pH of its environment. Also in non-aqueous environments where no pH value can be determined, a cationisable compound, group or atom is positively charged at a high hydrogen ion concentration and uncharged at a low concentration or activity of hydrogen ions. It depends on the individual properties of the cationisable or polycationisable compound, in particular the pKa of the respective cationisable group or atom, at which pH or hydrogen ion concentration it is charged or uncharged.
  • the fraction of cationisable compounds, groups or atoms bearing a positive charge may be estimated using the so-called Henderson-Hasselbalch equation which is well-known to a person skilled in the art.
  • a compound or moiety is cationisable, it is preferred that it is positively charged at a pH value of about 1 to 9, preferably 4 to 9, 5 to 8 or even 6 to 8, more preferably of a pH value of or below 9, of or below 8, of or below 7, most preferably at physiological pH values, e.g. about 7.3 to 7.4, i.e. under physiological conditions, particularly under physiological salt conditions of the cell in vivo.
  • the cationisable compound or moiety is predominantly neutral at physiological pH values, e.g. about 7.0-7.4, but becomes positively charged at lower pH values.
  • the preferred range of pKa for the cationisable compound or moiety is about 5 to about 7.
  • Coding sequence/coding region The terms “coding sequence” or “coding region” and the corresponding abbreviation “cds” as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to a sequence of several nucleotide triplets, which may be translated into a peptide or protein.
  • a coding sequence in the context of the present invention is preferably an RNA sequence, consisting of a number of nucleotides that may be divided by three, which starts with a start codon and which preferably terminates with a stop codon.
  • composition refers to any type of composition in which the specified ingredients (e.g. artificial RNA of the invention in association with LNP), may be incorporated, optionally along with any further constituents, usually with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the composition may be a dry composition such as a powder or granules, or a solid unit such as a lyophilized form or a tablet.
  • the composition may be in liquid form, and each constituent may be independently incorporated in dissolved or dispersed (e.g. suspended or emulsified) form.
  • a “compound” means a chemical substance, which is a material consisting of molecules having essentially the same chemical structure and properties.
  • the molecules are typically identical with respect to their atomic composition and structural configuration.
  • the molecules of a compound are highly similar but not all of them are necessarily identical.
  • a segment of a polymer that is designated to consist of 50 monomeric units may also contain individual molecules with e.g. 48 or 53 monomeric units.
  • nucleic acid i.e. for a nucleic acid “derived from” (another) nucleic acid
  • nucleic acid which is derived from (another) nucleic acid, shares at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 65%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, more preferably at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89% even more preferably at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, even more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, and particularly preferably at least 98%, 99% sequence identity with the nucleic acid from which it is derived.
  • sequence identity is typically calculated for the same types of nucleic acids, i.e. for DNA sequences or for RNA sequences.
  • a DNA is “derived from” an RNA or if an RNA is “derived from” a DNA
  • the RNA sequence is converted into the corresponding DNA sequence (in particular by replacing the uracils (U) by thymidines (T) throughout the sequence) or, vice versa
  • the DNA sequence is converted into the corresponding RNA sequence (in particular by replacing the thymidines (T) by uracils (U) throughout the sequence).
  • sequence identity of the DNA sequences or the sequence identity of the RNA sequences is determined.
  • nucleic acid “derived from” a nucleic acid also refers to nucleic acid, which is modified in comparison to the nucleic acid from which it is derived, e.g. in order to increase RNA stability even further and/or to prolong and/or increase protein production. It goes without saying that such modifications are preferred, which do not impair RNA stability, e.g. in comparison to the nucleic acid from which it is derived.
  • amino acid sequences e.g. antigenic peptides or proteins
  • the term “derived from” means that the amino acid sequence, which is derived from (another) amino acid sequence (e.g.
  • RSV F protein shares at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 65%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, more preferably at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89% even more preferably at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, even more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, and particularly preferably at least 98%, 99% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence from which it is derived.
  • the antigenic peptides or protein that is “derived from” said RSV F protein may represent a variant or fragment of the RSV F protein, e.g. F0 (full-length precursor), F-del, F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3 (as specified herein).
  • F0 full-length precursor
  • F-del F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3 (as specified herein
  • the antigenic peptides or protein that is “derived from” said RSV F proteins may differ in the amino acid sequence, sharing a certain percentage of identity as defined above.
  • RSV F proteins from which an antigenic peptides or protein may be “derived from” are provided in Table 1.
  • Epitope The term “epitope” (also called “antigen determinant” in the art) as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to T cell epitopes and B cell epitopes.
  • T cell epitopes or parts of the antigenic peptides or proteins may comprise fragments preferably having a length of about 6 to about 20 or even more amino acids, e.g. fragments as processed and presented by MHC class I molecules, preferably having a length of about 8 to about 10 amino acids, e.g.
  • fragments as processed and presented by MHC class II molecules, preferably having a length of about 13 to about 20 or even more amino acids, wherein these fragments may be selected from any part of the amino acid sequence.
  • These fragments are typically recognized by T cells in form of a complex consisting of the peptide fragment and an MHC molecule, i.e. the fragments are typically not recognized in their native form.
  • B cell epitopes are typically fragments located on the outer surface of (native) protein or peptide antigens, preferably having 5 to 15 amino acids, more preferably having 5 to 12 amino acids, even more preferably having 6 to 9 amino acids, which may be recognized by antibodies, i.e. in their native form.
  • epitopes of proteins or peptides may furthermore be selected from any of the herein mentioned variants of such proteins or peptides.
  • antigenic determinants can be conformational or discontinuous epitopes which are composed of segments of the proteins or peptides as defined herein that are discontinuous in the amino acid sequence of the proteins or peptides as defined herein but are brought together in the three-dimensional structure or continuous or linear epitopes which are composed of a single polypeptide chain.
  • an epitope may be the product of translation of a provided artificial RNA as specified herein.
  • fragment as used throughout the present specification in the context of a nucleic acid sequence or an amino acid sequence may typically be a shorter portion of a full-length sequence of e.g. a nucleic acid sequence or an amino acid sequence. Accordingly, a fragment, typically, consists of a sequence that is identical to the corresponding stretch within the full-length sequence.
  • a preferred fragment of a sequence in the context of the present invention consists of a continuous stretch of entities, such as nucleotides or amino acids corresponding to a continuous stretch of entities in the molecule the fragment is derived from, which represents at least 5%, 10%, 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 60%, even more preferably at least 70%, and most preferably at least 80% of the total (i.e. full-length) molecule from which the fragment is derived (e.g. RSV F protein).
  • entities such as nucleotides or amino acids corresponding to a continuous stretch of entities in the molecule the fragment is derived from, which represents at least 5%, 10%, 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 60%, even more preferably at least 70%, and most preferably at least 80% of the total (i.e. full-length) molecule from which the fragment is derived (e.g.
  • fragment as used throughout the present specification in the context of proteins or peptides may, typically, comprise a sequence of a protein or peptide as defined herein, which is, with regard to its amino acid sequence (or its encoded nucleic acid molecule), N-terminally and/or C-terminally truncated compared to the amino acid sequence of the original (native) protein (or its encoded nucleic acid molecule). Such truncation may thus occur either on the amino acid level or correspondingly on the nucleic acid level.
  • a sequence identity with respect to such a fragment as defined herein may therefore preferably refer to the entire protein or peptide as defined herein or to the entire (coding) nucleic acid molecule of such a protein or peptide.
  • such fragment may have a length of about 6 to about 20 or even more amino acids, e.g. fragments as processed and presented by MHC class I molecules, preferably having a length of about 8 to about 10 amino acids, e.g. 8, 9, or 10, (or even 6, 7, 11, or 12 amino acids), or fragments as processed and presented by MHC class I molecules, preferably having a length of about 13 or more amino acids, e.g. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or even more amino acids, wherein these fragments may be selected from any part of the amino acid sequence.
  • These fragments are typically recognized by T-cells in form of a complex consisting of the peptide fragment and an MHC molecule, i.e. the fragments are typically not recognized in their native form.
  • Fragments of proteins or peptides may comprise at least one epitope of those proteins or peptides.
  • domains of a protein like the extracellular domain, the intracellular domain or the transmembrane domain and shortened or truncated versions of a protein may be understood to comprise a fragment of a protein.
  • heterologous or “heterologous sequence” as used throughout the present specification in the context of a nucleic acid sequence or an amino acid sequence refers to a sequence (e.g. DNA, RNA, amino acid) will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is intended to refer to a sequence that is derived from another gene, from another allele, from another species. Two sequences are typically understood to be “heterologous” if they are not derivable from the same gene or in the same allele. I.e., although heterologous sequences may be derivable from the same organism, they naturally (in nature) do not occur in the same nucleic acid molecule, such as e.g. in the same RNA, or the same protein.
  • Humoral immune response The terms “humoral immunity” or “humoral immune response” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to B-cell mediated antibody production and optionally to accessory processes accompanying antibody production.
  • a humoral immune response may be typically characterized, e.g. by Th2 activation and cytokine production, germinal center formation and isotype switching, affinity maturation and memory cell generation.
  • Humoral immunity also typically may refer to the effector functions of antibodies, which include pathogen and toxin neutralization, classical complement activation, and opsonin promotion of phagocytosis and pathogen elimination.
  • Identity (of a sequence): The term “identity” as used throughout the present specification in the context of a nucleic acid sequence or an amino acid sequence will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to the percentage to which two sequences are identical. To determine the percentage to which two sequences are identical, e.g. nucleic acid sequences or amino acid sequences as defined herein, preferably the amino acid sequences encoded by the artificial nucleic acid sequence as defined herein or the amino acid sequences themselves, the sequences can be aligned in order to be subsequently compared to one another. Therefore, e.g. a position of a first sequence may be compared with the corresponding position of the second sequence.
  • a position in the first sequence is occupied by the same component (residue) as is the case at a position in the second sequence, the two sequences are identical at this position. If this is not the case, the sequences differ at this position. If insertions occur in the second sequence in comparison to the first sequence, gaps can be inserted into the first sequence to allow a further alignment. If deletions occur in the second sequence in comparison to the first sequence, gaps can be inserted into the second sequence to allow a further alignment. The percentage to which two sequences are identical is then a function of the number of identical positions divided by the total number of positions including those positions which are only occupied in one sequence. The percentage to which two sequences are identical can be determined using a mathematical algorithm. A preferred, but not limiting, example of a mathematical algorithm which can be used is the algorithm is integrated in the BLAST program. Sequences which are identical to the sequences of the present invention to a certain extent can be identified by this program.
  • Immunogen immunogenic
  • an immunogen is a peptide, polypeptide, or protein.
  • An immunogen in the sense of the present invention is the product of translation of a provided artificial nucleic acid, preferably RNA, comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide, protein derived from RSV as defined herein.
  • an immunogen elicits an adaptive immune response.
  • Immune response will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a specific reaction of the adaptive immune system to a particular antigen (so called specific or adaptive immune response) or an unspecific reaction of the innate immune system (so called unspecific or innate immune response), or a combination thereof.
  • Immune system The term “immune system” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a system of the organism that may protect the organisms from infection. If a pathogen succeeds in passing a physical barrier of an organism and enters this organism, the innate immune system provides an immediate, but non-specific response. If pathogens evade this innate response, vertebrates possess a second layer of protection, the adaptive immune system. Here, the immune system adapts its response during an infection to improve its recognition of the pathogen. This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory, and allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time this pathogen is encountered. According to this, the immune system comprises the innate and the adaptive immune system. Each of these two parts typically contains so called humoral and cellular components.
  • innate immune system also known as non-specific or unspecific immune system
  • innate immune system will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a system typically comprising the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms in a non-specific manner. This means that the cells of the innate system may recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but unlike the adaptive immune system, it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host.
  • the innate immune system may be, e.g.
  • TLRs Toll-like receptors
  • auxiliary substances such as lipopolysaccharides, TNF-alpha, CD40 ligand, or cytokines, monokines, lymphokines, interleukins or chemokines, IL-1 to IL-33, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, LT-beta, TNF-alpha, growth factors, and hGH, a ligand of human Toll-like receptor (e.g., TLR1 to TLR10), a ligand of murine Toll-like receptor, (e.g., TLR1 to TLR13), a ligand of a NOD-like receptor, a ligand of a RIG-I like receptor, an immunostimulatory nucleic acid, an immunostimulatory RNA (isRNA), a CpG-DNA, an antibacterial agent, or
  • Lipidoid compound A lipidoid compound, also simply referred to as lipidoid, is a lipid-like compound, i.e. an amphiphilic compound with lipid-like physical properties. In the context of the present invention the term lipid is considered to encompass lipidoid compounds.
  • Monovalent vaccine Monovalent vaccine, monovalent composition:
  • the terms “monovalent vaccine”, “monovalent composition” “univalent vaccine” or “univalent composition” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to a composition or a vaccine comprising only one antigen from a virus. Accordingly, said vaccine or composition comprises only one RNA species encoding a single antigen for a single organism.
  • the term “monovalent vaccine” includes the immunization against a single valence.
  • a monovalent RSV vaccine or composition would comprise an artificial RNA encoding one single antigenic peptide or protein derived from one specific RSV (e.g. RSV F).
  • nucleic acid or “nucleic acid molecule” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to a molecule comprising, preferably consisting of nucleic acid components.
  • the term nucleic acid molecule preferably refers to DNA or RNA molecules. It is preferably used synonymous with the term polynucleotide.
  • a nucleic acid or a nucleic acid molecule is a polymer comprising or consisting of nucleotide monomers, which are covalently linked to each other by phosphodiester-bonds of a sugar/phosphate-backbone.
  • nucleic acid molecule also encompasses modified nucleic acid molecules, such as base-modified, sugar-modified or backbone-modified DNA or RNA molecules as defined herein.
  • Nucleic acid sequence/RNA sequence/amino acid sequence The terms “nucleic acid sequence”, “RNA sequence” or “amino acid sequence” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to particular and individual order of the succession of its nucleotides or amino acids respectively.
  • Permanently cationic The term “permanently cationic” as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and means, for example, that the respective compound, or group or atom, is positively charged at any pH value or hydrogen ion activity of its environment. Typically, the positive charge is results from the presence of a quaternary nitrogen atom. Where a compound carries a plurality of such positive charges, it may be referred to as permanently polycationic, which is a subcategory of permanently cationic.
  • compositions comprising: a pharmaceutically effective amount or “effective amount” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to an amount of a compound (e.g. the artificial RNA of the invention) that is sufficient to induce a pharmaceutical effect, such as, in the context of the invention, an immune response (e.g. against an antigenic peptide, protein, polyprotein as defined herein).
  • a pharmaceutical effect such as, in the context of the invention, an immune response (e.g. against an antigenic peptide, protein, polyprotein as defined herein).
  • Polyvalent/multivalent vaccine, polyvalent/multivalent composition The terms “polyvalent vaccine”, “polyvalent composition” “multivalent vaccine” or “multivalent composition” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to a composition or a vaccine comprising antigens from more than one strain of a virus, or comprising different antigens of the same virus, or any combination thereof. The terms describe that said vaccine or composition has more than one valence.
  • a polyvalent RSV vaccine would comprise a vaccine comprising an artificial RNA encoding antigenic peptides or proteins derived from several different RSV strains or comprising artificial RNA encoding different antigens from the same RSV strain, or a combination thereof.
  • a polyvalent RSV vaccine or composition comprises more than one, preferably 2, 3, 4 or even more different artificial RNA species each encoding at least one different antigenic peptide or protein of RSV (e.g. RSV F and RSV M or RSV F and RSV N).
  • RSV F and RSV M or RSV F and RSV N different antigenic peptide or protein of RSV
  • Stabilized nucleic acid molecule or “stabilized RNA:
  • the term “stabilized nucleic acid molecule” or “stabilized RNA” refer to a nucleic acid molecule, preferably an RNA molecule that is modified such, that it is more stable to disintegration or degradation, e.g., by environmental factors or enzymatic digest, such as by an exo- or endonuclease degradation, than the nucleic acid molecule without the modification.
  • a stabilized nucleic acid molecule e.g. stabilized RNA
  • a stabilized nucleic acid molecule in the context of the present invention is stabilized in a cell, such as a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, preferably in a mammalian cell, such as a human cell.
  • the stabilization effect may also be exerted outside of cells, e.g. in a buffer solution etc., for example, in a manufacturing process for a pharmaceutical composition comprising the stabilized nucleic acid molecule.
  • cellular immunity or “cellular immune response” or “cellular T-cell responses” as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to the activation of macrophages, natural killer cells (NK), antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
  • cellular immunity is not based on antibodies, but on the activation of cells of the immune system.
  • a cellular immune response may be characterized e.g. by activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that are able to induce apoptosis in cells, e.g.
  • the antigen is provided by the artificial RNA encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV, suitably inducing T-cell responses.
  • the artificial RNA, the composition, the vaccine of the invention advantageously elicit cellular T-cell responses against RSV F antigens.
  • Variant of a sequence:
  • variant nucleic acid sequence may exhibit one or more nucleotide deletions, insertions, additions and/or substitutions compared to the nucleic acid sequence from which the variant is derived.
  • a variant of a nucleic acid sequence is at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95% identical to the nucleic acid sequence the variant is derived from.
  • the variant is a functional variant.
  • a “variant” of a nucleic acid sequence may have at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98% or 99% nucleotide identity over a stretch of 10, 20, 30, 50, 75 or 100 nucleotide of such nucleic acid sequence.
  • variants as used throughout the present specification in the context of proteins or peptides will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a proteins or peptide variant having an amino acid sequence which differs from the original sequence in one or more mutation(s), such as one or more substituted, inserted and/or deleted amino acid(s).
  • these fragments and/or variants Preferably, these fragments and/or variants have the same biological function or specific activity compared to the full-length native protein, e.g. its specific antigenic property.
  • “Variants” of proteins or peptides as defined in the context of the present invention may comprise conservative amino acid substitution(s) compared to their native, i.e. non-mutated physiological, sequence.
  • amino acids as well as their encoding nucleotide sequences in particular fall under the term variants as defined herein.
  • Substitutions in which amino acids, which originate from the same class, are exchanged for one another are called conservative substitutions.
  • an amino acid having a polar side chain is replaced by another amino acid having a likewise polar side chain, or, for example, an amino acid characterized by a hydrophobic side chain is substituted by another amino acid having a likewise hydrophobic side chain (e.g. serine (threonine) by threonine (serine) or leucine (isoleucine) by isoleucine (leucine)).
  • Insertions and substitutions are possible, in particular, at those sequence positions which cause no modification to the three-dimensional structure or do not affect the binding region. Modifications to a three-dimensional structure by insertion(s) or deletion(s) can easily be determined e.g. using CD spectra (circular dichroism spectra).
  • a “variant” of a protein or peptide may have at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98% or 99% amino acid identity over a stretch of 10, 20, 30, 50, 75 or 100 amino acids of such protein or peptide.
  • a variant of a protein comprises a functional variant of the protein, which means that the variant exerts the same effect or functionality as the protein it is derived from.
  • 3′-untranslated region 3′-UTR element, 3′-UTR:
  • the term “3′-untranslated region” or “3′-UTR element” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to a part of a nucleic acid molecule, which is located 3′ (i.e. “downstream”) of a coding sequence and which is typically not translated into protein.
  • a 3′-UTR is the part of an mRNA which is located between the coding sequence (cds) and the poly(A) sequence of the mRNA.
  • the term 3′-UTR may also comprise elements, which are not encoded in the DNA template, from which an artificial RNA is transcribed, but which are added after transcription during maturation, e.g. a poly(A) sequence.
  • 5′-UTR element The term “5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR)” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to a part of a nucleic acid molecule, which is located 5′ (i.e. “upstream”) of a coding sequence and which is not translated into protein.
  • a 5′-UTR is typically understood to be a particular section of messenger RNA (mRNA), which is located 5′ of the coding sequence of the mRNA.
  • mRNA messenger RNA
  • the 5′-UTR starts with the transcriptional start site and ends one nucleotide before the start codon of the coding sequence.
  • the 5′-UTRs have a length of more than 20, 30, 40 or 50 nucleotides.
  • the 5′-UTR may comprise elements for controlling gene expression, also called regulatory elements. Such regulatory elements may be, for example, ribosomal binding sites.
  • the 5′-UTR may be post-transcriptionally modified, for example by addition of a 5′-cap.
  • 5-terminal oligopyrimidine tract TOP-UTR
  • the term “5′-terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP)” has to be understood as a stretch of pyrimidine nucleotides located in the 5-terminal region of a nucleic acid molecule, such as the 5-terminal region of certain mRNA molecules or the 5-terminal region of a functional entity, e.g. the transcribed region, of certain genes.
  • the sequence starts with a cytidine, which usually corresponds to the transcriptional start site, and is followed by a stretch of usually about 3 to 30 pyrimidine nucleotides.
  • the TOP may comprise 3-30 or even more nucleotides.
  • Messenger RNA that contains a 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine tract is often referred to as TOP mRNA. Accordingly, genes that provide such messenger RNAs are referred to as TOP genes.
  • TOP motif or “5′-TOP motif” has to be understood as a nucleic acid sequence which corresponds to a 5′-TOP as defined above.
  • a TOP motif in the context of the present invention is preferably a stretch of pyrimidine nucleotides having a length of 3-30 nucleotides.
  • the TOP-motif consists of at least 3 pyrimidine nucleotides, preferably at least 4 pyrimidine nucleotides, preferably at least 5 pyrimidine nucleotides, more preferably at least 6 nucleotides, more preferably at least 7 nucleotides, most preferably at least 8 pyrimidine nucleotides, wherein the stretch of pyrimidine nucleotides preferably starts at its 5′-end with a cytosine nucleotide.
  • the TOP-motif preferably starts at its 5′-end with the transcriptional start site and ends one nucleotide 5′ to the first purine residue in said gene or mRNA.
  • a TOP motif in the sense of the present invention is preferably located at the 5′-end of a sequence which represents a 5′-UTR or at the 5′-end of a sequence which codes for a 5′-UTR.
  • TOP motif a stretch of 3 or more pyrimidine nucleotides is called “TOP motif” in the sense of the present invention if this stretch is located at the 5′-end of a respective sequence, such as the artificial nucleic acid, the 5′-UTR element of the artificial nucleic acid, or the nucleic acid sequence which is derived from the 5′-UTR of a TOP gene as described herein.
  • a stretch of 3 or more pyrimidine nucleotides which is not located at the 5′-end of a 5′-UTR or a 5′-UTR element but anywhere within a 5′-UTR or a 5′-UTR element, is preferably not referred to as “TOP motif”.
  • the nucleic acid sequence of the 5′-UTR element which is derived from a 5′-UTR of a TOP gene, terminates at its 3′-end with a nucleotide located at position 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 upstream of the start codon (e.g. A(U/T)G) of the gene or RNA it is derived from.
  • the 5′-UTR element does not comprise any part of the protein coding sequence.
  • the only protein coding part of the at least one nucleic acid sequence, particularly of the RNA sequence is provided by the coding sequence.
  • the present invention is based on the inventor's surprising finding that at least one peptide or protein derived from of a Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein encoded by the artificial RNA of the invention can efficiently be expressed in a mammalian cell. Even more unexpected, the inventors showed that the artificial RNA of the invention can induce specific functional and protective immune responses in e.g. cotton rats (see e.g. Example 2, 3). Through different optimizations in RSV F antigen design, the immune responses could be further improved.
  • RSV Respiratory syncytial virus
  • the expression of the RSV F antigen encoded by the artificial nucleic RNA could be increased by selecting suitable heterologous 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) and suitable heterologous 3 untranslated regions (UTRs) (see e.g. Example 4).
  • said artificial RNA of the invention comprising advantageous 3-UTR/5′-UTR combinations induce very efficient antigen-specific immune responses against the encoded RSV F.
  • artificial RNA of the invention comprised in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) very efficiently induces antigen-specific immune responses against RSV F at a very low dosages and dosing regimen (see e.g. Example 3). Further, e.g.
  • Example 8 and Example 12 provide compositions/vaccines comprising a further artificial RNA encoding a further antigen wherein said artificial RNA encoding a further antigen suitably elicits or enhances T-cell responses and results in a Th1-biased immune response, which is considered to be an important prerequisite for a potential RSV vaccine (Th2-biased responses have been associated with enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) in animal models). Furthermore the compositions are suitable to induce T-cell responses. Accordingly, the artificial RNA, and the composition/vaccine comprising said artificial RNA of the invention are suitable for eliciting an immune response against RSV F in a mammalian subject. The artificial RNA and the composition/vaccine comprising said artificial RNA is therefore suitable for use as a vaccine, e.g. as a human vaccine, e.g. as a vaccine for pregnant women or infants.
  • a vaccine e.g. as a human vaccine, e.g. as a vaccine for pregnant women or infants.
  • the present invention provides an artificial nucleic acid, preferably an artificial RNA comprising at least one 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and/or at least one 3′ untranslated region (UTR), and at least one coding sequence operably linked to said 3′-UTR and/or 5′-UTR encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F protein or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • an artificial nucleic acid preferably an artificial RNA comprising at least one 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and/or at least one 3′ untranslated region (UTR), and at least one coding sequence operably linked to said 3′-UTR and/or 5′-UTR encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F protein or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence derived from a 3′-UTR of a gene selected from an ALB7 gene, an alpha-globin gene, a PSMB3, CASP1, COX6B1, GNAS, NDUFA1 and RPS9, or from a homolog, a fragment or a variant of any one of these genes
  • the artificial RNA comprises at least one nucleic acid sequence derived from a 5′-UTR of gene selected from a RPL32 gene, a HSD17B4, ASAH1, ATP5A1, MP68, NDUFA4, NOSIP, RPL31, SLC7A3, TUBB4 and UBQLN2, or from a homolog, a fragment or variant of any one of these genes.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a RSV F protein operably linked to a 3′-UTR and a 5′-UTR selected from a-1 (HSD17B4/PSMB3), a-2 (Ndufa4/PSMB3), a-3 (SLC7A3/PSMB3), a-4 (NOSIP/PSMB3), a-5 (MP68/PSMB3), b-1 (UBQLN2/RPS9), b-2 (ASAH1/RPS9), b-3 (HSD17B4/RPS9), b-4 (HSD17B4/CASP1), b-5 (NOSIP/COX6B1), c-1 (NDUFA4/RPS9), c-2 (NOSIP/NDUFA1), c-3 (NDUFA4/COX6B1), c-4 (NDUFA4/NDUFA1), c-5 (ATP5A1/PS
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F protein may be a full-length F protein (referred to as “F0”, aa 1-574) or an F protein with deleted C-terminus (referred to as “F-del”, aa 1-553), or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein may additionally comprise a mutation that stabilizes the antigen in pre-conformation state/pre-fusion conformation, preferably a DSCav1 mutation (S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L) or a fragment or a variant, or a functional variant thereof (referred to as “DSCav1”, e.g. “F0_DSCav1” or “F-del_DSCav1”).
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein may be a fusion protein comprising the two subunits, F1 and F2 of mature F into a single chain, connected via a linker (GS) to enhance stability of the protein (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574); F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553)).
  • GS linker
  • the protein comprising the two subunits of mature F into a single chain (referred to as “F2-linker-F1”), e.g. (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574); F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) may additionally comprise a DSCav1 mutation (herein referred to as “mut0”).
  • F2-linker-F1 e.g. (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574); F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) may additionally comprise a DSCav1 mutation (herein referred to as “mut0”).
  • the protein comprising the two subunits of mature F into a single chain may additionally to the DSCav1 mutation comprise at least one further mutation that promotes inter-protomer disulphide bonds, wherein the mutations may be selected from (S46G, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q; herein referred to as “mut1”), (S46G, E92D, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q; herein referred to as “mut2”), or (S46G, N671, E92D, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q; herein referred to as “mut3”), (A149C, Y458C; herein referred to as “mut4”), (N183GC, N428C; herein referred to as “mut5”), (Q98C, Q361C, S46G, E92D, L95M, S2
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F protein encoded by the artificial RNA of the invention may be selected from F0, F-del, F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut4, F_DSCav1_mut5, F_DSCav1_mut6, F_DSCav1_mut7, F_DSCav1_mut8, F_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut4, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut6, F-del_DSCav1_mut7, F-del_DSCav1_mut
  • the at least one coding sequence may encode at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 68, 483, 898, 1267, 1636, 2005, 2374, 2743, 3112, 3481, 3850, 4219, 4588, 4957, 5326, 5695, 6064, 6433, 6802, 7171, 7540, 7909, 8279-9683, 11726, 12095, 12464, 12833, 13940, 14309, 14678, 15047, 15416, 15785, 13202, 13571, 16154, 16523, 16892, 17261, 17630, 17999, 18368, 18737, 19106, 19475 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the artificial RNA may comprise a coding sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 69-77, 484-492, 899-906, 1268-1275, 1637-1644, 2006-2013, 2375-2382, 2744-2751, 3113-3120, 3482-3489, 3851-3858, 4220-4227, 4589-4596, 4958-4965, 5327-5334, 5696-5703, 6065-6072, 6434-6441, 6803-6810, 7172-7179, 7541-7548, 7910-7917, 21363-21384, 11727-11734, 12096-12103, 12465-12472, 12834-12841, 13941-13948, 14310-14317, 14679-14686, 15048-
  • the artificial RNA may comprise a codon modified coding sequence selected from C maximized coding sequence, CAI maximized coding sequence, human codon usage adapted coding sequence, G/C content modified coding sequence, and G/C optimized coding sequence, or any combination thereof.
  • the artificial RNA may be an mRNA, a viral RNA, self-replicating RNA, a circular RNA, or a replicon RNA.
  • the artificial RNA is an mRNA.
  • the artificial RNA may further comprise at least one selected from a cap structure, a poly(A)sequence, a poly(C)sequence, a histone-stem loop, and/or a 3′-terminal sequence element.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention preferably comprises or consists of an RNA sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 78-482, 11735-12094, 21415-21417, 21561-21563, 21489, 21490, 21635, 21636 or a fragment or variant of any of these (encoding F0), SEQ ID NOs: 493-897, 12104-12463, 21418-21420, 21564-21566, 21491, 21492, 21637, 21638 or a fragment or variant of any of these (encoding F-del), SEQ ID NOs: 907-1266, 12473-12832, 21421-21423, 21567-21569, 21493-21495, 21639-21641 or
  • the present invention provides a composition comprising the artificial RNA of the first aspect.
  • the composition comprising the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV selected from matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, M2-1 protein, and/or phosphoprotein P or combinations thereof.
  • Matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, M2-1 protein, M2-2 protein, and/or phosphoprotein P are suitable T-cell antigens and may promote efficient T-cell responses of the composition or vaccine when administered to a subject.
  • the further artificial RNA may comprise a coding sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 9685-9692, 10135-10142, 10638-10645, 11184-11191, 21385-21388, 19845-19852, 20214-20221, 20583-20590, 20952-20959, 21411-21414 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • said further artificial RNA comprises or consists of an RNA sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a nucleic acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 9693-10052, 10143-10502, 10646-11005, 11192-11551, 19853-20212, 20222-20581, 20591-20950, 20960-21319, 21481-21488, 21627-21634, 21553-21560, 21699-21706 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the composition may comprise the artificial RNA of the invention complexed with, encapsulated in, or associated with one or more lipids, thereby forming lipid nanoparticles.
  • composition may preferably comprise the artificial RNA of the invention complexed with one or more lipids thereby forming lipid nanoparticles (LNP), wherein the LNP essentially consists of
  • a neutral lipid as defined herein, preferably 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC);
  • a PEG-lipid as defined herein e.g. PEG-DMG or PEG-cDMA, preferably a PEGylated lipid of formula (IVa); wherein (i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 20-60% cationic lipid: 5-25% neutral lipid: 25-55% sterol; 0.5-15% PEG-lipid.
  • the present invention also concerns a RSV vaccine comprising said artificial RNA or said composition.
  • the present invention is also directed to the use of the artificial RNA, the composition and the vaccine in treatment or prophylaxis of an infection with RSV.
  • the present invention is directed to the use of the artificial RNA, the composition and the vaccine in treatment or prophylaxis of an infection with RSV or a disorder related to such an infection.
  • the invention further concerns a method of treating or preventing a disorder or a disease in a subject, first and second medical uses of the artificial RNA, compositions and vaccines. Further, the invention is directed to a kit, particularly to a kit of parts, comprising the artificial RNA, compositions and vaccines.
  • sequence listing in electronic format, which is part of the description of the present application (WIPO standard ST.25).
  • the information contained in the electronic format of the sequence listing filed together with this application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • a “SEQ ID NO” the corresponding nucleic acid sequence or amino acid (aa) sequence in the sequence listing having the respective identifier is referred to.
  • the sequence listing also provides additional detailed information, e.g. regarding certain structural features, sequence optimizations, GenBank identifiers, or additional detailed information regarding its coding capacity.
  • numeric identifier ⁇ 223> in the WIPO standard ST.25 sequence listing. Accordingly, information provided under said numeric identifier ⁇ 223> is explicitly included herein in its entirety and has to be understood as integral part of the description of the underlying invention.
  • the invention relates to an artificial nucleic acid comprising
  • the invention relates to an artificial RNA, preferably an RNA suitable for vaccination, comprising
  • the RNA of the invention may be composed of a protein-coding region, and 5′- and/or 3-untranslated regions (UTRs).
  • the 3′-UTR is variable in sequence and size; it spans between the stop codon and the poly(A) tail.
  • the 3′-UTR sequence harbors several regulatory motifs that determine RNA turnover, stability and localization, and thus governs many aspects of post-transcriptional regulation.
  • RNA e.g. immunotherapy applications, vaccination
  • the regulation of RNA translation into protein is of paramount importance to therapeutic safety and efficacy.
  • RNA molecules harboring the inventive UTR combinations advantageously enable the rapid and transient expression of high amounts of RSV antigenic peptides or proteins derived from RSV F. Accordingly, the artificial RNA provided herein is particularly useful and suitable for various applications in vivo, including the vaccination against RSV.
  • the artificial RNA may comprise at least one heterologous 5′-UTR and/or at least one heterologous 3′-UTR.
  • an UTR of the invention comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence derived from a 5′-UTR or a 3′-UTR of any naturally occurring gene or a fragment, a homolog or a variant thereof.
  • a 5-UTR or a 3′-UTR of the invention is heterologous to the at least one coding sequence encoding the at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F.
  • Suitable heterologous 5′-UTRs or heterologous 3′-UTRs are derived from naturally occurring genes (that are not derived from RSV).
  • synthetically engineered 5′-UTRs or 3-UTRs may be used in the context of the present invention.
  • the at least one artificial RNA comprises at least one heterologous 3′-UTR.
  • the at least one heterologous 3′-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence derived from a 3′-UTR of a chordate gene, preferably a vertebrate gene, more preferably a mammalian gene, most preferably a human gene, or from a variant of a 3′-UTR of a chordate gene, preferably a vertebrate gene, more preferably a mammalian gene, most preferably a human gene.
  • the artificial RNA of the present invention comprises a 3′-UTR, which may be derivable from a gene that relates to an RNA with an enhanced half-life (that provides a stable RNA), for example a 3′-UTR as defined and described below.
  • the at least one heterologous 3′-UTR comprises a nucleic acid sequence derived from a 3′-UTR of a gene, which preferably encodes a stable mRNA, or from a homolog, a fragment or a variant of said gene.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one heterologous 3′-UTR, wherein the at least one heterologous 3′-UTR comprises a nucleic acid sequence derived from a 3′-UTR of a gene selected from PSMB3, ALB7, alpha-globin (referred to as “muag”), CASP1, COX6B1, GNAS, NDUFA1 and RPS9, or from a homolog, a fragment or variant of any one of these genes.
  • muag alpha-globin
  • CASP1, COX6B1, GNAS, NDUFA1 and RPS9 or from a homolog, a fragment or variant of any one of these genes.
  • the 3′-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is derived from the 3′-UTR of a vertebrate albumin gene or from a variant thereof, preferably from the 3′-UTR of a mammalian albumin gene or from a variant thereof, more preferably from the 3′-UTR of a human albumin gene or from a variant thereof, even more preferably from the 3′-UTR of the human albumin gene according to GenBank Accession number NM_000477.5, or from a homolog, fragment or variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR derived from a ALB7 gene, wherein said 3′-UTR derived from a ALB7 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 35 or 36 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the 3′-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence which is derived from the 3′-UTR of a vertebrate alpha-globin gene (referred to as “muag”) or from a variant thereof, preferably from the 3′-UTR of a mammalian alpha-globin or from a variant thereof, more preferably from the 3′-UTR of a human alpha-globin gene or from a variant thereof, even more preferably from the 3′-UTR of the human alpha-globin gene.
  • miag vertebrate alpha-globin gene
  • the RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR derived from a alpha-globin gene, wherein said 3′-UTR derived from a alpha-globin gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 37 or 38 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR which is derived from a 3′-UTR of a gene encoding a proteasome subunit beta type-3 (PSMB3) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Such 3′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequences derived from the 3′-UTR of a proteasome subunit beta type-3 (PSMB3) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian, most preferably a human proteasome subunit beta type-3 (PSMB3) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a proteasome subunit beta type-3 (PSMB3) protein corresponding to a human proteasome subunit beta type-3 (PSMB3) protein (UniProt Ref. No. P49720, entry version #183 of 30 Aug. 2017).
  • PSMB3 proteasome subunit beta type-3
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR derived from a PSMB3 gene, wherein said 3′-UTR derived from a PSMB3 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 23 or 24 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR which is derived from a 3′-UTR of a gene encoding a Caspase-1 (CASP1) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Such 3′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 3′-UTR of a Caspase-1 (CASP1) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian, most preferably a human Caspase-1 (CASP1) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • the RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR derived from a CASP1 gene, wherein said 3′-UTR derived from a CASP1 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 25 or 26 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • COX6B1-derived 3′-UTR The artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR which is derived from a 3′-UTR of a COX6B1 gene encoding a cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 (COX6B1) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • COX6B1 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1
  • Such 3′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence which is derived from the 3′-UTR of a cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 (COX6B1) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian, most preferably a human cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 (COX6B1) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a cytochrome c oxidase subunit 681 (COX6B1) protein corresponding to a human cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 (COX6B1) protein (UniProt Ref. No.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR derived from a COX6B1 gene, wherein said 3′-UTR derived from a COX6B1 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 27 or 28 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR which is derived from a 3′-UTR of a GNAS gene encoding a Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short (GNAS) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • GNAS Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
  • Such 3-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence which is derived from the 3′-UTR of a Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short (GNAS) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short (GNAS) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • GNAS Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
  • Said gene may preferably encode a Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short (GNAS) protein corresponding to a human Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short (GNAS) protein (UniProt Ref. No. P63092, entry version #153 of 30 Aug. 2017).
  • GNAS Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR derived from a GNAS gene, wherein said 3′-UTR derived from a GNAS gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 29 or 30 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR which is derived from a 3′-UTR of a gene encoding a NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha sub complex subunit 1 (NDUFA1) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • NDUFA1 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha sub complex subunit 1
  • Such 3′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 3′-UTR of a NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha sub complex subunit 1 (NDUFA1) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone]1 alpha sub complex subunit 1 (NDUFA1) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • NDUFA1 NADH dehydrogenase
  • Said gene may preferably encode a NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha sub complex subunit 1 (NDUFA1) protein corresponding to a human NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha sub complex subunit 1 (NDUFA1) protein (UniProt Ref. No. 015239, entry version #152 of 30 Aug. 2017).
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR derived from a NDUFA1 gene, wherein said 3′-UTR derived from a NDUFA1 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 31 or 32 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR which is derived from a 3′-UTR of a gene encoding a 40S ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Such 3′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 3′-UTR of a 40S ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian, most preferably a human 40S ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a 40S ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) protein corresponding to a human 40S ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) protein (UniProt Ref. No. P46781, entry version #179 of 30 Aug. 2017).
  • RPS9 40S ribosomal protein S9
  • P46781 entry version #179 of 30 Aug. 2017
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-UTR derived from a RPS9 gene, wherein said 3′-UTR derived from a RPS9 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 33 or 34 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA as defined herein comprises a 3′-UTR as described in WO2016/107877.
  • the disclosure of WO2016/107877 relating to 3′-UTR sequences is herewith incorporated by reference.
  • Particularly suitable 3′-UTRs are SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 24 and SEQ ID NOs: 49 to 318 of patent application WO2016/107877, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • the 3′-UTRs of the artificial RNA of the present invention may comprise or consists of a corresponding RNA sequence of the nucleic acid sequence according SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 24 and SEQ ID NOs: 49 to 318 of the patent application WO2016/107877.
  • the artificial RNA as defined herein comprises a 3′-UTR as described in WO2017/036580.
  • the disclosure of WO2017/036580 relating to 3′-UTR sequences is herewith incorporated by reference.
  • Particularly suitable 3-UTRs are SEQ ID NOs: 152 to 204 of the patent application WO2017/036580, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • the 3′-UTR of the artificial RNA of the present invention may comprise or consist of a corresponding RNA sequence of the nucleic acid sequence according SEQ ID NOs: 152 to 204 of the patent application WO2017/036580.
  • the artificial RNA comprises at least one heterologous 5′-UTR.
  • the at least one artificial nucleic acid as defined herein, particularly the RNA as defined herein may comprise at least one heterologous 5′-UTR.
  • the at least one 5′-UTR comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a chordate gene, preferably a vertebrate gene, more preferably a mammalian gene, most preferably a human gene, or from a variant of the 5′-UTR of a chordate gene, preferably a vertebrate gene, more preferably a mammalian gene, most preferably a human gene.
  • the artificial RNA of the present invention comprises a 5′-UTR, which may be derivable from a gene that relates to an RNA with an enhanced half-life (that provides a stable RNA), for example a 5′-UTR as defined and described below.
  • the at least one heterologous 5′-UTR comprises a nucleic acid sequence derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene, which preferably encodes a stable mRNA, or from a homolog, a fragment or a variant of said gene.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one heterologous 5′-UTR, wherein the at least one heterologous 5′-UTR comprises a nucleic acid sequence derived from a 5′-UTR of gene selected from HSD17B4, RPL32, ASAH1, ATP5A1, MP68, NDUFA4, NOSIP, RPL31, SLC7A3, TUBB4B, and UBQLN2, or from a homolog, a fragment or variant of any one of these genes.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding a 60S ribosomal protein L32, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof, wherein said 5′-UTR preferably lacks the 5′TOP motif.
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a 60S ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian, most preferably a human 60S ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof, wherein the 5′-UTR preferably does not comprise the 5′TOP of said gene.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a 60S ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32) corresponding to a human 60S ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32) (UniProt Ref. No.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a RPL32 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a RPL32 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 21 or 22 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof, preferably lacking the 5′TOP motif.
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 (also referred to as peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably mammalian, most preferably human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 (HSD17B4) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof, wherein preferably the 5′-UTR does not comprise the 5′TOP of said gene.
  • a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 also referred to as peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 gene
  • HSD17B4 human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4
  • Said gene may preferably encode a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 protein corresponding to human 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 (UniProt Ref. No. Q9BPX1, entry version #139 of Aug. 30, 2017), or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a HSD17B4 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a HSD17B4 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding acid ceramidase (ASAH1), or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of an acid ceramidase (ASAH1) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably mammalian, most preferably human acid ceramidase (ASAH1) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Said gene may preferably encode an acid ceramidase (ASAH1) protein corresponding to human acid ceramidase (ASAH1) (UniProt Ref. No. Q13510, entry version #177 of Jun. 7, 2017), or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • ASAH1 acid ceramidase
  • ASAH1 human acid ceramidase
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a ASAH1 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a ASAH1 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3 or 4 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR which is derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1), or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof, wherein said 5′-UTR preferably lacks the 5′TOP motif.
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian and most preferably a human mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof, wherein the 5′-UTR preferably does not comprise the 5′TOP of said gene.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha protein corresponding to human acid mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (UniProt Ref. No. P25705, entry version #208 of Aug.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a ATP5A1 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a ATP5A1 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR which is derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding MP68, or a homolog, fragment or variant thereof.
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a 6.8 kDa mitochondrial proteolipid (MP68) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian 6.8 kDa mitochondrial proteolipid (MP68) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a 6.8 kDa mitochondrial proteolipid (MP68) protein corresponding to a human 6.8 kDa mitochondrial proteolipid (MP68) protein (UniProt Ref. No. P56378, entry version #127 of 15 Feb. 2017).
  • MP68 6.8 kDa mitochondrial proteolipid
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a MP68 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a MP68 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR which is derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding a Cytochrome c oxidase subunit (NDUFA4), or a homolog, fragment or variant thereof.
  • NDUFA4 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a Cytochrome c oxidase subunit (NDUFA4) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian Cytochrome c oxidase subunit (NDUFA4) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a Cytochrome c oxidase subunit (NDUFA4) protein corresponding to a human Cytochrome c oxidase subunit (NDUFA4) protein (UniProt Ref. No. 000483, entry version #149 of 30 Aug. 2017).
  • NDUFA4 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a NDUFA4 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a NDUFA4 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9 or 10 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR which is derived from a 5-UTR of a gene encoding a Nitric oxide synthase-interacting (NOSIP) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein (NOSIP) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian, most preferably a human Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein (NOSIP) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • NOSIP Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein
  • Said gene may preferably encode a Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein (NOSIP) protein corresponding to a human Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein (NOSIP) protein (UniProt Ref. No. Q9Y314, entry version #130 of 7 Jun. 2017).
  • NOSIP Nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a NOSIP gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a NOSIP gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11 or 12 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR which is derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding a 60S ribosomal protein L31, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof, wherein said 5′-UTR preferably lacks the 5′TOP motif.
  • Such 5′-UTR preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a 60S ribosomal protein L31 (RPL31) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian60S ribosomal protein L31 (RPL31) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof, wherein the 5′-UTR preferably does not comprise the 5′TOP of said gene.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a 60S ribosomal protein L31 (RPL31) corresponding to a human 60S ribosomal protein L31 (RPL31) (UniProt Ref. No. P62899, entry version #138 of 30 Aug. 2017).
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a RPL31 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a RPL31 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 13 or 14 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR which is derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding a cationic amino acid transporter 3 (solute carrier family 7 member 3, SLC7A3) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • a 5′-UTR preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a cationic amino acid transporter 3 (SLC7A3) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian cationic amino acid transporter 3 (SLC7A3) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a cationic amino acid transporter 3 (SLC7A3) protein corresponding to a human cationic amino acid transporter 3 (SLC7A3) protein (UniProt Ref. No. Q8WY07, entry version #139 of 30 Aug. 2017).
  • SLC7A3 cationic amino acid transporter 3
  • SLC7A3 human cationic amino acid transporter 3
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a SLC7A3 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a SLC7A3 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15 or 16 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR which is derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding a tubulin beta-4B chain (TUBB4B) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • TUBB4B tubulin beta-4B chain
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of a tubulin beta-4B chain (TUBB4B) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian and most preferably a human tubulin beta-48 chain (TUBB4B) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Said gene may preferably encode a tubulin beta-4B chain (TUBB4B) protein corresponding to human tubulin beta-4B chain (TUBB4B) protein (UniProt Ref. No. Q8WY07, entry version #142 of 30 Aug. 2017).
  • TUBB4B tubulin beta-4B chain
  • TUBB4B human tubulin beta-4B chain
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a TUBB4B gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a TUBB4B gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 17 or 18 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR which is derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene encoding an ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) protein, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • Such 5′-UTRs preferably comprise or consist of a nucleic acid sequence derived from the 5′-UTR of an ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) gene, preferably from a vertebrate, more preferably a mammalian ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) gene, or a homolog, variant, fragment or derivative thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-UTR derived from a UBQLN2 gene, wherein said 5′-UTR derived from a UBQLN2 gene comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 19 or 20 or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA as defined herein comprises a 5′-UTR as described in WO2013/143700.
  • the disclosure of WO2013/143700 relating to 5′-UTR sequences is herewith incorporated by reference.
  • Particularly preferred 5′-UTRs are nucleic acid sequences derived from SEQ ID NOs: 1-1363, SEQ ID NO: 1395, SEQ ID NO: 1421 and SEQ ID NO: 1422 of the patent application WO2013/143700, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • the 5′-UTR of the artificial RNA according to the present invention comprises or consists of a corresponding RNA sequence of the nucleic acid sequence according SEQ ID NOs: 1-1363, SEQ ID NO: 1395, SEQ ID NO: 1421 and SEQ ID NO: 1422 of the patent application WO2013/143700.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises a 5′-UTR as described in WO2016/107877.
  • the disclosure of WO2016/107877 relating to 5′-UTR sequences is herewith incorporated by reference.
  • Particularly preferred 5′-UTRs are nucleic acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 30 and SEQ ID NOs: 319 to 382 of the patent application WO2016/107877, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • the 5′-UTR of the artificial RNA comprises or consists of a corresponding RNA sequence of the nucleic acid sequence according SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 30 and SEQ ID NOs: 319 to 382 of the patent application WO2016/107877.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises a 5′-UTR as described in WO2017/036580.
  • 5′-UTRs are nucleic acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 151 of the patent application WO2017/036580, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • the 5′-UTR of the artificial RNA comprises or consists of a corresponding RNA sequence of the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 151 of the patent application WO2017/036580.
  • the inventors observed that certain combinations of at least one heterologous 5′-UTR and/or at least one heterologous 3′-UTR are advantageously increasing the translation of the at least one coding sequence operably linked to said 3′-UTR and/or 5′-UTR encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a RSV F protein in the target tissue (e.g., muscle, dermis).
  • the at least one heterologous 5′-UTR as defined herein and the at least one heterologous 3′-UTR as defined herein act synergistically to increase production (that is translation) of antigenic peptide or protein from the artificial RNA of the invention.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a RSV F protein as specified herein operably linked to a 3′-UTR and a 5′-UTR selected from a-1 (HSD17B4/PSMB3), a-2 (Ndufa4/PSMB3), a-3 (SLC7A3/PSMB3), a-4 (NOSIP/PSMB3), a-5 (MP68/PSMB3), b-1 (UBQLN2/RPS9), b-2 (ASAH1/RPS9), b-3 (HSD17B4/RPS9), b-4 (HSD17B4/CASP1), b-5 (NOSIP/COX6B1), c-1 (NDUFA4/RPS9), c-2 (NOSIP/NDUFA1), c-3 (NDUFA4/COX6B1), c-4 (NDUFA4/NDUFA1), c-5 (ATP), a
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprise UTR elements according to a-1 (HSD17B4/PSMB3), a-4 (NDUFA4/PSMB3), c-1 (NDUFA4/RPS9), e-4 (NOSIP/RPS9), g-2 (NDUFA4/CASP1), i-2 (RPL32/ALB7), or i-3 (alpha-globin (muag)).
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises UTR elements according to a-1 (HSD17B4/PSMB3).
  • the invention relates to an artificial RNA, preferably an RNA suitable for vaccination, comprising at least one heterologous 5′-UTR as defined above and/or at least one heterologous 3′-UTR as defined above and at least one coding sequence operably linked to said 3′-UTR and/or 5′-UTR, wherein said coding sequence encodes at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a Respiratory syncytial virus (“RSV”), or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • RSV Respiratory syncytial virus
  • Respiratory syncytial virus or the corresponding abbreviation “RSV” is not limited to a particular virus strain, variant, serotype, or isolate, etc. comprising any Respiratory syncytial virus of any origin.
  • the artificial RNA preferably the coding sequence of the artificial RNA comprises or consists of a nucleic acid sequence that is derived from viruses, with NCBI Taxonomy ID (“NCBI-ID”) provided in List 1 below.
  • NCBI-ID NCBI Taxonomy ID
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein is derived from a Respiratory syncytial virus isolate RSV Memphis-37 (strain Memphis-37) (NCBI-ID: 12814).
  • RSV Respiratory syncytial virus isolate
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein is derived from a Human respiratory syncytial virus A2, Human respiratory syncytial virus (strain A2) (NCBI-ID: 11259).
  • HRSV(A2) Human respiratory syncytial virus
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein may be selected from fusion protein (F), glycoprotein G, short hydrophobic protein SH, matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, large polymerase L, M2-1 protein, M2-2 protein, phosphoprotein P, non-structural protein NS1, or non-structural protein NS2 of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or a fragment, variant or derivative thereof.
  • F fusion protein
  • G glycoprotein G
  • short hydrophobic protein SH matrix protein M
  • nucleoprotein N nucleoprotein N
  • large polymerase L M2-1 protein
  • M2-2 protein phosphoprotein P
  • NS1 non-structural protein NS1
  • non-structural protein NS2 of Respiratory syncytial virus
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein is derived from an RSV fusion (F) protein.
  • the amino acid sequence of the at least one antigenic peptide or protein may be selected from any peptide or protein derived from RSV fusion protein F or from a fragment, variant or derivative thereof.
  • RSV F protein is initially expressed (after infection of a host cell) as a single polypeptide precursor, designated full-length fusion protein F (herein referred to as “F0”).
  • F0 forms a trimer in the endoplasmic reticulum and is processed by a cellular/host furin-like protease at two conserved sites, generating, F1, F2, and Pep27 polypeptides.
  • the Pep27 polypeptide is excised and does not form part of the mature F protein.
  • the F2 polypeptide originates from the N-terminal portion of the F0 precursor and links to the F1 polypeptide via two disulfide bonds.
  • the F1 polypeptide originates from the C-terminal portion of the F0 precursor and anchors the mature F protein in the membrane via a transmembrane domain, which is linked to a cytoplasmic tail.
  • Three F2-F1 heterodimer units (“protomers”) assemble to form a mature F protein.
  • the mature F protein is in a metastable form (herein referred to as “pre-fusion conformation”).
  • pre-fusion conformation Upon triggering, it undergoes a dramatic and irreversible conformational change (herein referred to as “postfusion conformation”) that fuses the viral and target-cell membranes.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect preferably the artificial RNA suitable for vaccination, encodes at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a RSV F protein or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • At least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a RSV F protein may be derived from any one of the following amino acid sequences (NCBI Protein Accession numbers) provided in List 2 below.
  • RSV F protein RSV fusion protein (F)”, “RSV F”, or “F” may be understood in its broadest sense and refers to F0 (F polypeptide precursor), F1, F2 and Pep27 polypeptides, F2-F1 heterodimer, or the mature F protein (comprising three F2-F1 heterodimers), or fragments and variants of any of these.
  • peptide or protein derived from a RSV fusion (F) protein refers to a peptide, protein, fragment or variant derived from e.g. F0 (F protein polypeptide precursor), F1, F2 and Pep27 polypeptides, F2-F1 heterodimer, or the mature F protein.
  • peptide or protein derived from a RSV fusion (F) protein refers to peptide, protein, fragment or variant derived from “RSV F protein” or “RSV fusion protein (F)” as defined above which may be genetically engineered to e.g. to lack certain protein elements (e.g. the cytoplasmic tail, the furin cleavage site, Pep27) or e.g. comprise additional elements (e.g., linker elements, heterologous signal peptides etc.).
  • peptide or protein derived from a RSV fusion (F) protein refers to peptide, protein, fragment or variant derived from F0, F-del, F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut4, F_DSCav1_mut5, F_DSCav1_mut6, F_DSCav1_mut7, F_DSCav1_mut8, F_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut4, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut6, F-del_DSCav1_mut7, F-del_DSCav1_
  • the at least one coding sequence of the RNA of the first aspect encodes at least one antigenic peptide or protein from RSV F protein, wherein RSV F protein is a full-length F protein (F0) or an F protein with deleted C-terminus (F-del), or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • any RSV F full-length protein may be used as suitable antigen and may preferably be derived from any NCBI Protein Accession numbers provided in List 2 or may be chosen from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 68, 8279-8967 or 11726.
  • the full-length F protein (F0) of HRSV(A2) (SEQ ID NO: 68) is suitably used, see overview Table 1.
  • the full-length F protein (F0) of HRSV(Memphis-37) (SEQ ID NO: 8937 or 11726) is suitably used, see overview Table 1.
  • any RSV F with deleted C-terminus may be used as suitable antigen and may preferably be derived from any NCBI Protein Accession numbers provided in List 2 or may be chosen from any one of SEQ ID NOs: 483, 8968-9683, or 12095.
  • An example of such a deletion mutant is the RSV-Fdel554-574 protein according to (Oomens et al. 2006. J. Virol. 80(21):10465-77) where aa residue 554-574 of the full-length F0 protein are removed. Deletion of the main part of the cytoplasmic tail (aa 554-574) of F0 leads to improved intracellular trafficking/cell surface transport in vitro and increases cell surface expression of RSV F significantly.
  • F protein with deleted C-terminus herein referred to as “F-del” (SEQ ID NO: 483, 9653 or 12095) is suitably used, see overview Table 1.
  • F-del SEQ ID NO: 483, 9653 or 12095
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect encodes least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F protein, wherein said RSV F protein is designed to stabilize the antigen in pre-fusion conformation.
  • RSV F protein is designed to stabilize the antigen in pre-fusion conformation.
  • a pre-fusion conformation is particularly advantageous in the context of an efficient RSV vaccine, as several potential epitopes for neutralizing antibodies are merely accessible in said protein conformation.
  • the RSV F protein includes one or more amino acid substitutions that stabilize the F protein in the pre-fusion conformation, for example, substitutions that stabilize the membrane distal portion of the F protein (including the N-terminal region of the F1 polypeptide) in the pre-fusion conformation.
  • the amino acid substitution can introduce a non-natural disulfide bond or can be a cavity-filling amino acid substitution.
  • a preferred RSV F protein includes S155C and S290C substitutions that form a non-natural disulfide bond that stabilizes the protein in a pre-fusion conformation; that is, in a conformation that specifically binds to one or more pre-fusion specification antibodies, and/or presents a suitable antigenic site that is present on the pre-fusion conformation but not in the postfusion conformation of RSV F protein.
  • the recombinant RSV F protein can additionally include F, L, W, Y, H, or M substitution at position 190, position 207, or positions 190 and 207.
  • RSV F protein designed to stabilize the antigen in pre-fusion conformation
  • RSV F protein comprising a DSCav1 mutation (S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L), or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • DSCav1 mutation S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L
  • RSV F DSCav1 proteins have been described in the art (W2014160463).
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect encodes least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F protein, wherein the RSV F protein comprises a DSCav1 mutation (S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L), or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • RSV F protein comprises a DSCav1 mutation (S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L), or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • any RSV F may be mutated at positions S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L to stabilize the protein in the pre-fusion conformation and may be suitably used in the context of the invention.
  • any NCBI Protein Accession numbers provided above, or any protein selected from SEQ ID NOs: 68, 8279-8967, 483, 8968-9683, 12095, or 11726 or fragments or variants thereof can be chosen by the skilled person to introduce such amino acid changes according to S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L to generate various RSV F DSCav1 proteins.
  • RSV F full-length protein (precursor protein, “F0”) of HRSV(A2) (SEQ ID NO: 68) is used to introduce S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L amino acid changes, leading to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 898.
  • RSV F protein is herein referred to as “F0_DSCav1” throughout the present invention (see overview Table 1 (preferred RSV F protein antigen designs)).
  • RSV F_del protein (deleted cytoplasmic tail (aa 554-574)) of HRSV(A2) (SEQ ID NO: 483) is used to introduce S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L amino acid changes, leading to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1267.
  • RSV F protein is herein referred to as “F-del_DSCav1” throughout the present invention (see overview Table 1 (preferred RSV F protein antigen designs)).
  • RSV F full-length protein (precursor protein, “F0”) of HRSV(Memphis-37) (SEQ ID NO: 8937 or 11726) is used to introduce S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L amino acid changes, leading to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 12464.
  • RSV F protein is herein referred to as “FO_DSCav1” throughout the present invention (see overview Table 1 (preferred RSV F protein antigen designs)).
  • RSV F_del protein (deleted cytoplasmic tail (aa 554-574)) of HRSV(Memphis-37) (SEQ ID NO: 9653 or 12095) is used to introduce S155C, S290C, S190F, and V207L amino acid changes, leading to an amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 12833.
  • RSV F protein is herein referred to as “F-del_DSCav1” throughout the present invention (see overview Table 1 (preferred RSV F protein antigen designs).
  • the at least one antigenic peptide or protein may be an engineered protein comprising the two subunits, F1 and F2 of mature F as a single polypeptide chain, wherein F2 and F1 are preferably connected via a linker (GS).
  • GS linker
  • engineered F2-linker-F1 fusion proteins e.g., F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553)
  • F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) have been described in the art (Joyce, M. Gordon, et al. “Iterative structure-based improvement of a fusion-glycoprotein vaccine against RSV.” Nature structural & molecular biology 23.9 (2016): 811; WO2017172890).
  • Said F2-linker-F1 RSV F proteins lack aa104-144 (comprising the furine cleavage site and Pep27) and comprise a linker element between F2 polypeptide and F1 polypeptide (e.g. GSlinker).
  • Said F2-linker-F1 proteins may show superior properties in terms of stability and/or antigenicity.
  • the RSV F protein comprises the two subunits F2 and F1 fused into a single polypeptide chain, wherein F2 and F1 are connected via a linker element, preferably a GS linker as specified herein, preferably generating a stable F2-linker-F1 proteins.
  • said F2-linker-F1 fusion proteins e.g. F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) additionally comprise a DScav1 mutation as outlined above (herein referred to as “mut0”; e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 3850, 4219 or 13940, 14309).
  • the RSV F protein may additionally comprise at least one further mutation selected from (S46G, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q), (S46G, E92D, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q), (S46G, N671, E92D, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q), (A149C, Y458C), (N183GC, N428C), (Q98C, Q361C, S46G, E92D, L95M, S215P, I217P, I221M, R429K, K465Q), (Q98C, Q361C, L95M, I221M, R429K), or (N183GC, N428C, S46G, N671, E92D, S215P, K465Q) or a fragment or a variant thereof.
  • said F2-linker-F1 proteins may additionally comprise, preferably in addition to the DSCav1 mutation, at least one mutation selected from S46G, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q, herein referred to as “mut1”, e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 1636, 2005, or 14678, 15047; or S46G, E92D, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q, herein referred to as “mut2”, e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 2374, 2743 or 15416, 15785; or S46G, N671, E92D, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q, herein referred to as “mut3”, e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 3112, 3481 or 13202
  • said F2-linker-F1 proteins may additionally comprise, preferably in addition to the DSCav1 mutation, at least one mutation selected from A149C, Y458C, herein referred to as “mut4”, e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 4588, 4957 or 16154, 16523; or N183GC, N428C, herein referred to as “mut5”, e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 5326, 5695 or 16892, 17261; or Q98C, Q361C, S46G, E92D, L95M, S215P, I217P, I221M, R429K, K465Q, herein referred to as “mut6”, e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 6064, 6433 or 17630, 17999; or Q98C, Q361C, L95M, I
  • any RSV F may be adapted in a way that the two subunits, F1 and F2 are comprised in a single polypeptide chain, wherein F2 and F1 may be connected via a linker, e.g. a (GS) linker to enhance stability of the protein as explained for mutations “mut1”, “mut2” and “mut3”, e.g. by deleting aa104-144 of the F0 polypeptide chain (as explained above), by introducing a linker element between F2 and F1 as explained above, and by introducing suitable amino acid substitutions as explained above.
  • a linker e.g. a (GS) linker to enhance stability of the protein as explained for mutations “mut1”, “mut2” and “mut3”, e.g. by deleting aa104-144 of the F0 polypeptide chain (as explained above), by introducing a linker element between F2 and F1 as explained above, and by introducing suitable amino acid substitutions as explained above.
  • any NCBI Protein Accession numbers provided above can be adapted by the skilled person to generate F2-linker-F1 fusion proteins as outlined herein, and may additionally be adapted by introducing (S46G, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q), (S46G, E92D, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q), (S46G, N671, E92D, A149C, S215P, Y458C, K465Q), (A149C, Y458C), (N183GC, N428C), (Q98C, Q361C, S46G, E92D, L95M, S215P, I217P, I221M, R429K, K465Q), (Q98C, Q
  • RSV F protein variants e.g. selected from SEQ ID NOs: 117-162 of the patent application WO2017/172890 or fragments or variants of these sequences, or selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1509-1565 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1_mut0 or F-del_DSCav1_mut0.
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, and additionally an amino acid substitution mut1 as defined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1_mut1 or F-del_DSCav1_mut1.
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, and additionally an amino acid substitution mut2 as defined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1_mut2 or F-del_DSCav1_mut2.
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, and additionally an amino acid substitution mut3 as defined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1_mut3 or F-del_DSCav1_mut3.
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, and additionally an amino acid substitution mut4 as defined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1_mut4 or F-del_DSCav1_mut4.
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, and additionally an amino acid substitution mut5 as defined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1_mut5 or F-del_DSCav1_mut5.
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, and additionally an amino acid substitution mut6 as defined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1_mut6 or F-del_DSCav1_mut6 .
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, and additionally an amino acid substitution mut7 as defined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1_mut7 or F-del_DSCav1_mut7.
  • F2-linker-F1 proteins (F(1-103)-GS-F(145-574) or F(1-103)-GS-F(145-553) comprise a DSCav-1 mutation as outlined above, and additionally an amino acid substitution mut8 as defined above, herein referred to as F_DSCav1 mut8 or F-del_DSCav1 mut8.
  • RSV F protein antigen designs in Table 1 are used throughout the description of the invention (e.g., “F0”, “F-del”, “F0_DSCav1”, “F-del_DSCav1”, “F_DSCav1_mut1”, “F-del_DSCav1_mut1”, “F_DSCav1_mut2”, “F-del_DSCav1_mut2”, “F_DSCav1_mut3”, “F-del_DSCav1_mut3”, “F_DSCav1_mut4”, “F-del_DSCav1_mut4”, “F_DSCav1_mut5”, “F-del_DSCav1_mut5”, “F_DSCav1_mut6”, “F_DSCav1_mut6”, “F_DSCav1_mut7”, “F-del_DSCav1_mut7”, “F-del_DSCav1_
  • the artificial RNA according to the first aspect encodes at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a RSV fusion (F) protein, wherein the RSV F protein is selected from F0, F-del, F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut0, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut4, F_DSCav1_mut5, F_DSCav1_mut6, F_DSCav1_mut7, F_DSCav1_mut8, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut4, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSC
  • RSV F proteins selected from F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut4, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut6, F-del_DSCav1_mut7, F-del_DSCav1_mut8 or a fragment or a variant thereof (see e.g. Table 1).
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein comprising or consisting of at least one amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 19475 (see e.g. Table 1), or 8279-9683 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • each of these suitable amino acid sequences encoding RSV proteins may also be derived from the or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 68, 483, 898, 1267, 1636, 2005, 2374, 2743, 3112, 3481, 3850, 4219, 4588, 4957, 5326, 5695, 6064, 6433, 6802, 7171, 7540, 7909, 11726, 12095, 12464, 12833, 13940, 14309, 14678, 15047, 15416, 15785, 13202, 13571, 16154, 16523, 16892, 17261, 17630, 17999, 18368, 18737, 19106, sequence listing, in particular from the details provided therein under identifier ⁇ 223> as explained in the following.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein comprising or consisting of at least one amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 68, 483, 898, 1267, 1636, 2005, 2374, 2743, 3112, 3481, 3850, 4219, 4588, 4957, 5326, 5695, 6064, 6433, 6802, 7171, 7540, 7909, 11726, 12095, 12464, 12833, 13940, 14309, 14678, 15047, 15416, 15785, 13202, 13571, 16154, 16523, 16892, 17261, 17630, 17999, 18368, 18737, 19106, 19475 (see
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein comprising or consisting of at least one amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1267, 2005, 2743, 3481, 4219, 4957, 5695, 6433, 7171, 7909, 12833, 14309, 15047, 15785, 13571, 16523, 17261, 17999, 18737, 19475 (see e.g.
  • the artificial RNA according to the first aspect comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 8279-9683 a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. Additional information regarding each of these suitable amino acid sequences encoding RSV proteins may also be derived from the sequence listing, in particular from the details provided therein under identifier ⁇ 223> as explained in the following.
  • the artificial RNA as defined herein comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV comprising or consisting of at least one amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-1428 of patent application WO2014/160463 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • SEQ ID NOs: 1-1428 of patent application WO2014/160463 and the disclosure related thereto are herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the artificial RNA as defined herein comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV comprising or consisting of at least one amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-11 of patent application WO2015/024668 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • SEQ ID NOs: 1-11 of patent application WO2015/024668 and the disclosure related thereto are herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the artificial RNA as defined herein comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV comprising or consisting of at least one amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 243, or 245 of patent application WO2017/070622 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 243, or 245, of patent application WO2017/070622 and the disclosure related thereto are herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the artificial RNA as defined herein comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV comprising or consisting of at least one amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-65, 81-95, 110-116 of patent application WO2017/172890 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • SEQ ID NOs: 1-65, 81-95, 110-116, of patent application WO2017/172890 and the disclosure related thereto are herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention encodes at least one antigenic peptide or protein as defined above and may additionally encode at least one further heterologous peptide or protein element.
  • the at least one further peptide or protein element may promote secretion of the encoded antigenic peptide or protein of the invention (e.g. via secretory signal sequences), promote anchoring of the encoded antigenic peptide or protein of the invention in the plasma membrane (e.g. via transmembrane elements), promote formation of antigen complexes (e.g. via multimerization domains), promote virus-like particle formation (VLP forming sequence).
  • the artificial nucleic acid sequence according to the present invention may additionally encode peptide linker elements, self-cleaving peptides, immunologic adjuvant sequences or dendritic cell targeting sequences.
  • Suitable multimerization domains may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1116-1167 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • Trimerization and tetramerization elements may be selected from e.g. engineered leucine zippers (engineered ⁇ -helical coiled coil peptide that adopt a parallel trimeric state), fibritin foldon domain from enterobacteria phage T4, GCN4pII, GCN4-pLI, and p53. In that context, fibritin foldon domain from enterobacteria phage T4, GCN4pII, GCN4-pLI, and p53 are preferred.
  • Suitable transmembrane elements may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1228-1343 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • Suitable VLP forming sequences may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1168-1227 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • Suitable peptide linkers may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1509-1565 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • Suitable self-cleaving peptides may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1434-1508 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • Suitable immunologic adjuvant sequences may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1360-1421 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • Suitable dendritic cell (DCs) targeting sequences may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1344-1359 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • Suitable secretory signal peptides may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1-1115 and SEQ ID NO: 1728 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • any nucleic acid sequence e.g. RNA sequence
  • the heterologous secretory signal sequence may increase the secretion of the encoded antigenic peptide or protein.
  • the secretory signal sequence comprises an amino acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21329-21362 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. Additional information regarding each of these suitable amino acid sequences encoding secretory signal sequences may also be derived from the sequence listing, in particular from the details provided therein under identifier ⁇ 223>.
  • the artificial nucleic acid particularly the artificial RNA comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV as defined herein, preferably derived from RSV F protein, or fragments and variants thereof.
  • any coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV, preferably derived from RSV F protein, or fragments and variants thereof may be understood as suitable coding sequence and may therefore be comprised in the artificial RNA of the first aspect.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect may comprise or consist of at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F protein as defined herein, preferably encoding any one of SEQ ID NO: 68, 483, 898, 1267, 1636, 2005, 2374, 2743, 3112, 3481, 3850, 4219, 4588, 4957, 5326, 5695, 6064, 6433, 6802, 7171, 7540, 7909, 11726, 12095, 12464, 12833, 13940, 14309, 14678, 15047, 15416, 15785, 13202, 13571, 16154, 16523, 16892, 17261, 17630, 17999, 18368, 18737, 19106, 19475 or fragments of variants thereof.
  • any nucleic acid sequence in particular, any RNA sequence which encodes an amino acid sequences being identical to SEQ ID NO: 68, 483, 898, 1267, 1636, 2005, 2374, 2743, 3112, 3481, 3850, 4219, 4588, 4957, 5326, 5695, 6064, 6433, 6802, 7171, 7540, 7909, 11726, 12095, 12464, 12833, 13940, 14309, 14678, 15047, 15416, 15785, 13202, 13571, 16154, 16523, 16892, 17261, 17630, 17999, 18368, 18737, 19106, 19475 or fragments or variants thereof, or any nucleic acid sequence (e.g.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect may comprise or consist of at least one coding sequence encoding any one of SEQ ID NOs: 8279-9683 or fragments of variants thereof. It has to be understood that, on nucleic acid level, any nucleic acid sequence, in particular, any RNA sequence which encodes an amino acid sequences being identical to SEQ ID NOs: 8279-9683 or fragments or variants thereof, or any nucleic acid sequence (e.g.
  • DNA sequence, RNA sequence) which encodes amino acid sequences being at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 8279-9683 or fragments or variants thereof, may be selected and may accordingly be understood as suitable coding sequence and may therefore be comprised in the artificial RNA of the first aspect of the invention.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect may comprise or consist of at least one coding sequence encoding any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-1428 of patent application WO2014/160463 or fragments of variants thereof. It has to be understood that, on nucleic acid level, any nucleic acid sequence, in particular, any RNA sequence which encodes an amino acid sequences being identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1-1428 of patent application WO2014/160463 or fragments or variants thereof, or any nucleic acid sequence (e.g.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect may comprise or consist of at least one coding sequence encoding any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-11 of patent application WO2015/024668 or fragments of variants thereof. It has to be understood that, on nucleic acid level, any nucleic acid sequence, in particular, any RNA sequence which encodes an amino acid sequences being identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1-11 of patent application WO2015/024668 or fragments or variants thereof, or any nucleic acid sequence (e.g.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect may comprise or consist of at least one coding sequence encoding any one of SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 243, or 245 of patent application WO2017/070622 or fragments of variants thereof. It has to be understood that, on nucleic acid level, any nucleic acid sequence, in particular, any RNA sequence which encodes an amino acid sequences being identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 243, or 245 of patent application WO2017/070622 or fragments or variants thereof, or any nucleic acid sequence (e.g.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect may comprise or consist of at least one coding sequence encoding any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-65, 81-95, 110-116 of patent application WO2017/172890 or fragments of variants thereof. It has to be understood that, on nucleic acid level, any nucleic acid sequence, in particular, any RNA sequence which encodes an amino acid sequences being identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1-65, 81-95, 110-116 of patent application WO2017/172890 or fragments or variants thereof, or any nucleic acid sequence (e.g.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises a coding sequence located between said 5′-UTR and said 3′-UTR, preferably downstream of said 5′-UTR and upstream of said 3′-UTR.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises a coding sequence that comprises at least one of the nucleic acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 69-482, 484-897, 899-1266, 1268-1635, 1637-2004, 2006-2373, 2375-2742, 2744-3111, 3113-3480, 3482-3849, 3851-4218, 4220-4587, 4589-4956, 4958-5325, 5327-5694, 5696-6063, 6065-6432, 6434-6801, 6803-7170, 7172-7539, 7541-7908, 7910-8277, 8278, 11727-12094, 12096-12463, 12465-12832, 12834-13201, 13941-14308,
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises a coding sequence that comprises at least one of the nucleic acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 69-77, 484-492, 899-906, 1268-1275, 1637-1644, 2006-2013, 2375-2382, 2744-2751, 3113-3120, 3482-3489, 3851-3858, 4220-4227, 4589-4596, 4958-4965, 5327-5334, 5696-5703, 6065-6072, 6434-6441, 6803-6810, 7172-7179, 7541-7548, 7910-7917, 21363-21384, 11727-11734, 12096-12103, 12465-12472, 12834-12841, 13941-13948, 14
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises a coding sequence that comprises at least one of the nucleic acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 383-388 of patent application WO2014/160463 or a fragment or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises a coding sequence that comprises at least one of the nucleic acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 12-22 of patent application WO2015/024668 or a fragment or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises a coding sequence that comprises at least one of the nucleic acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 242, 244, 246, 257, 258-280 of patent application WO2017/070622 or a fragment or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises a coding sequence that comprises at least one of the nucleic acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 96-99 of patent application WO2017/172890 or a fragment or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences.
  • the artificial RNA is a modified and/or stabilized artificial RNA.
  • the artificial RNA of the present invention may thus be provided as a “stabilized artificial RNA” that is to say an RNA showing improved resistance to in vivo degradation and/or an artificial RNA showing improved stability in vivo, and/or an artificial RNA showing improved translatability in vivo.
  • a stabilized artificial RNA that is to say an RNA showing improved resistance to in vivo degradation and/or an artificial RNA showing improved stability in vivo, and/or an artificial RNA showing improved translatability in vivo.
  • specific suitable modifications in this context are described which are suitably to “stabilize” the artificial RNA.
  • Such stabilization may be effected by providing a “dried RNA” and/or a “purified RNA” as specified herein.
  • a modified phosphate backbone of the artificial RNA of the present invention is a modification in which phosphates of the backbone of the nucleotides contained in the RNA are chemically modified.
  • Nucleotides that may be preferably used in this connection contain e.g. a phosphorothioate-modified phosphate backbone, preferably at least one of the phosphate oxygens contained in the phosphate backbone being replaced by a sulfur atom.
  • Stabilized RNAs may further include, for example: non-ionic phosphate analogues, such as, for example, alkyl and aryl phosphonates, in which the charged phosphonate oxygen is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group, or phosphodiesters and alkylphosphotriesters, in which the charged oxygen residue is present in alkylated form.
  • non-ionic phosphate analogues such as, for example, alkyl and aryl phosphonates, in which the charged phosphonate oxygen is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group
  • phosphodiesters and alkylphosphotriesters in which the charged oxygen residue is present in alkylated form.
  • backbone modifications typically include, without implying any limitation, modifications from the group consisting of methylphosphonates, phosphoramidates and phosphorothioates (e.g. cytidine-5-O-(1-thiophosphate)).
  • the artificial RNA according to the invention is a modified artificial RNA, wherein the modification refers to chemical modifications comprising backbone modifications as well as sugar modifications or base modifications.
  • a modified artificial RNA as defined herein may contain nucleotide analogues/modifications, e.g. backbone modifications, sugar modifications or base modifications.
  • a backbone modification in connection with the present invention is a modification, in which phosphates of the backbone of the nucleotides contained in a nucleic acid, e.g. an artificial RNA, are chemically modified.
  • a sugar modification in connection with the present invention is a chemical modification of the sugar of the nucleotides of the RNA as defined herein.
  • a base modification in connection with the present invention is a chemical modification of the base moiety of the nucleotides of the RNA.
  • nucleotide analogues or modifications are preferably selected from nucleotide analogues which are applicable for transcription and/or translation.
  • the nucleotide analogues/modifications which may be incorporated into a modified nucleic acid or particularly into a modified RNA as described herein are preferably selected from 2-amino-6-chloropurineriboside-5′-triphosphate, 2-Aminopurine-riboside-5′-triphosphate; 2-aminoadenosine-5′-triphosphate, 2′-Amino-2′-deoxycytidine-triphosphate, 2-thiocytidine-5′-triphosphate, 2-thiouridine-5′-triphosphate, 2′-Fluorothymidine-5′-triphosphate, 2′-O-Methyl-inosine-5′-triphosphate 4-thiouridine-5′-triphosphate, 5-aminoallylcytidine-5′-triphosphate, 5-aminoallyluridine-5′-triphosphate, 5-bromocytidine-5′-triphosphate, 5-bromouridine-5
  • nucleotides for base modifications selected from the group of base-modified nucleotides consisting of 5-methylcytidine-5′-triphosphate, 7-deazaguanosine-5′-triphosphate, 5-bromocytidine-5′-triphosphate, and pseudouridine-5′-triphosphate, pyridin-4-one ribonucleoside, 5-aza-uridine, 2-thio-5-aza-uridine, 2-thiouridine, 4-thio-pseudouridine, 2-thio-pseudouridine, 5-hydroxyuridine, 3-methyluridine, 5-carboxymethyl-uridine, 1-carboxymethyl-pseudouridine, 5-propynyl-uridine, 1-propynyl-pseudouridine, 5-taurinomethyluridine, 1-taurinomethyl-pseudouridine, 5-taurinomethyl-2-thio-uridine, 1-taurinomethyl-4-thio-
  • the artificial RNA as defined herein may comprise at least one modified nucleotide selected from pseudouridine ( ⁇ ), N1-methylpseudouridine (m1 ⁇ ), 5-methylcytosine, and 5-methoxyuridine.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one coding sequence is a pseudouridine ( ⁇ ) modified coding sequence.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises a nucleic acid sequence wherein at least one or more than one, preferably wherein all uracil nucleotides are replaced by pseudouridine ( ⁇ ) nucleotides
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one coding sequence is a N1-methylpseudouridine (m1 ⁇ ) modified coding sequence.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises a nucleic acid sequence wherein at least one or more than one, preferably wherein all uracil nucleotides are replaced by N1-methylpseudouridine (m1 ⁇ ) nucleotides
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the at least one coding sequence is a codon modified coding sequence.
  • the at least one coding sequence of the invention is a codon modified coding sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence encoded by the at least one codon modified coding sequence is preferably not being modified compared to the amino acid sequence encoded by the corresponding wild type coding sequence.
  • codon modified coding sequence relates to coding sequences that differ in at least one codon (triplets of nucleotides coding for one amino acid) compared to the corresponding wild type coding sequence.
  • a codon modified coding sequence in the context of the invention may show improved resistance to in vivo degradation and/or improved stability in vivo, and/or improved translatability in vivo. Codon modifications in the broadest sense make use of the degeneracy of the genetic code wherein multiple codons may encode the same amino acid and may be used interchangeably (cf. Table 2) to optimize/modify the coding sequence for in vivo applications as outlined above.
  • the at least one sequence is a codon modified coding sequence, wherein the codon modified coding sequence is selected from C maximized coding sequence, CAI maximized coding sequence, human codon usage adapted coding sequence, G/C content modified coding sequence, and G/C optimized coding sequence, or any combination thereof, or any combination thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may be modified, wherein the C content of the at least one coding sequence may be increased, preferably maximized, compared to the C content of the corresponding wild type coding sequence (herein referred to as “C maximized coding sequence”).
  • the amino acid sequence encoded by the C maximized coding sequence of the RNA is preferably not modified as compared to the amino acid sequence encoded by the respective wild type nucleic acid coding sequence.
  • the generation of a C maximized nucleic acid sequences may suitably be carried out using a modification method according to WO2015/062738. In this context, the disclosure of WO2015/062738 is included herewith by reference.
  • C maximized coding sequences of suitable RSV nucleic acid sequences are indicated by the abbreviation “opt2”.
  • the artificial RNA of the present invention may be modified, wherein the G/C content of the at least one coding sequence of the invention may be modified compared to the G/C content of the corresponding wild type coding sequence (herein referred to as “G/C content modified coding sequence”).
  • G/C optimization or “G/C content modification” relate to a nucleic acid, preferably an artificial nucleic acid of the invention that comprises a modified, preferably an increased number of guanosine and/or cytosine nucleotides as compared to the corresponding wild type nucleic acid sequence.
  • Such an increased number may be generated by substitution of codons containing adenosine or thymidine nucleotides by codons containing guanosine or cytosine nucleotides.
  • the enriched G/C content occurs in a coding sequence of DNA or RNA, it makes use of the degeneracy of the genetic code.
  • sequences having an increased G (guanosine)/C (cytosine) content are more stable than sequences having an increased A (adenosine)/U (uracil) content.
  • the amino acid sequence encoded by the G/C content modified coding sequence of the nucleic acid sequence is preferably not modified as compared to the amino acid sequence encoded by the respective wild type nucleic acid coding sequence.
  • the G/C content of the coding sequence of the artificial nucleic acid sequence e.g. the RNA sequence of the present invention is increased by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, more preferably by at least 30%, most preferably by at least 40% compared to the G/C content of the coding sequence of the corresponding wild type nucleic acid sequence (e.g. RNA sequence), which codes for a RSV antigen as defined herein or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the present invention may be modified, wherein the G/C content of the at least one coding sequence of the invention may be optimized compared to the G/C content of the corresponding wild type coding sequence (herein referred to as “G/C content optimized coding sequence”).
  • G/C content optimized coding sequence refers to a coding sequence wherein the G/C content is preferably increased to the essentially highest possible G/C content.
  • the amino acid sequence encoded by the G/C content optimized coding sequence of the nucleic acid sequence is preferably not modified as compared to the amino acid sequence encoded by the respective wild type nucleic acid coding sequence.
  • a G/C content optimized nucleic RNA sequence may suitably be carried out using a G/C content optimization method according to WO2002/098443.
  • the disclosure of WO2002/098443 is included in its full scope in the present invention.
  • G/C optimized coding sequences of suitable RSV nucleic acid sequences are indicated by the abbreviation “opt1, opt5, opt6, opt11”.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may be modified, wherein the codons in the at least one coding sequence of the invention may be adapted to human codon usage (herein referred to as “human codon usage adapted coding sequence”). Codons encoding the same amino acid occur at different frequencies in a subject, e.g. a human. Accordingly, the coding sequence of the artificial RNA is preferably modified such that the frequency of the codons encoding the same amino acid corresponds to the naturally occurring frequency of that codon according to the human codon usage e.g. as shown in Table 2.
  • the wild type coding sequence is preferably adapted in a way that the codon “GCC” is used with a frequency of 0.40, the codon “GCT” is used with a frequency of 0.28, the codon “GCA” is used with a frequency of 0.22 and the codon “GCG” is used with a frequency of 0.10 etc. (see Table 2). Accordingly, such a procedure (as exemplified for Ala) is applied for each amino acid encoded by the coding sequence of the artificial nucleic acid of the invention to obtain sequences adapted to human codon usage.
  • human codon usage adapted coding sequences of suitable RSV nucleic acid sequences are indicated by the abbreviation “opt3”.
  • the artificial RNA of the present invention may be modified, wherein the codon adaptation index (CAI) may be increased or preferably maximised in the at least one coding sequence of the invention (herein referred to as “CAI maximized coding sequence”).
  • CAI maximized coding sequence it is preferred that all codons of the wild type nucleic acid sequence that are relatively rare in e.g. a human cell are exchanged fora respective codon that is frequent in the e.g. a human cell, wherein the frequent codon encodes the same amino acid as the relatively rare codon.
  • the most frequent codons are used for each encoded amino acid (see Table 2, most frequent human codons are marked with asterisks).
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one coding sequence, wherein the codon adaptation index (CAI) of the at least one coding sequence is at least 0.5, at least 0.8, at least 0.9 or at least 0.95.
  • the codon adaptation index (CAI) of the at least one coding sequence is 1.
  • the wild type coding sequence is adapted in a way that the most frequent human codon “GCC” is always used for said amino acid. Accordingly, such a procedure (as exemplified for Ala) is applied for each amino acid encoded by the coding sequence of the artificial RNA of the invention to obtain CAI maximized coding sequences.
  • CAI maximized coding sequences of suitable RSV nucleic acid sequences are indicated by the abbreviation “opt4”.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises at least one coding sequence comprising a codon modified nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a codon modified nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 70-77, 485-492, 899-906, 1268-1275, 1637-1644, 2006-2013, 2375-2382, 2744-2751, 3113-3120, 3482-3489, 3851-3858, 4220-4227, 4589-4596, 4958-4965, 5327-5334, 5696-5703, 6065-6072, 6434-6441, 6803-6810, 7172-7179, 7541-7548, 7910-7917, 11728-11734, 12097-12103, 12465-124
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises at least one coding sequence comprising a codon modified nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of the G/C optimized or G/C content modified nucleic acid sequence according to the SEQ ID NOs: 70-71, 75-77, 485-486, 490-492, 899-900, 904-906, 1268-1269, 1273-1275, 1637-1638, 1642-1644, 2006-2007, 2011-2013, 2375-2376, 2380-2382, 2744-2745, 2749-2751, 3113-3114, 3118-3120, 3482-3483, 3487-3489, 3852, 4221, 4590, 4959, 5328, 5697, 6066, 6435, 6804, 7173, 75
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one coding sequence comprising a codon modified nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of the human codon usage adapted nucleic acid sequence according to the SEQ ID NOs: 73, 488, 902, 1271, 1640, 2009, 2378, 2747, 3116, 3485, 3854, 4223, 4592, 4961, 5330, 5699, 6068, 6437, 6806, 7175, 7544, 7913, 11730, 12099, 12468, 12837, 13944, 14313, 14682, 15051, 15420, 15789, 13206, 13575, 16158, 16527, 16896, 17265, 17634, 18003, 18372, 18741, 19
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises at least one coding sequence comprising a codon modified nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of the C maximized nucleic acid sequence according to the SEQ ID NOs: 72, 487, 901, 1270, 1639, 2008, 2377, 2746, 3115, 3484, 3853, 4222, 4591, 4960, 5329, 5698, 6067, 6436, 6805, 7174, 7543, 7912, 11729, 12098, 12467, 12836, 13943, 14312, 14681, 15050, 15419, 15788, 13205, 13574, 16157, 16526, 16895, 17264, 17633, 18002, 18371, 18740, 19109, 19478
  • nucleic acid sequences encoding may also be derived from the sequence listing, in particular from the details provided therein under identifier ⁇ 223>.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one coding sequence comprising a codon modified nucleic acid sequence which is identical or at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of the CAI maximized nucleic acid sequence according to the SEQ ID NOs 74, 489, 903, 1272, 1641, 2010, 2379, 2748, 3117, 3486, 3855, 4224, 4593, 4962, 5331, 5700, 6069, 6438, 6807, 7176, 7545, 7914, 11731, 12100, 12469, 12838, 13945, 14314, 14683, 15052, 15421, 15790, 13207, 13576, 16159, 16528, 16897, 17266, 17635, 18004, 18373, 18742, 19111, 19480 or
  • the A/U content in the environment of the ribosome binding site of the artificial nucleic acid, particularly the artificial RNA of the invention may be increased compared to the A/U content in the environment of the ribosome binding site of its respective wild type nucleic acid.
  • This modification (an increased A/U content around the ribosome binding site) increases the efficiency of ribosome binding to the nucleic acid, preferably the RNA.
  • An effective binding of the ribosomes to the ribosome binding site in turn has the effect of an efficient translation of the RNA.
  • the artificial nucleic acid of the invention comprises a ribosome binding site, also referred to as “Kozak sequence” identical to or at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% identical to any one of the sequences SEQ ID NOs: 41, 42, or fragments or variants thereof.
  • RSV polypeptide and nucleic acid coding sequences are provided in Table 3A and 3B and Table 4A and 4B.
  • Columns A to J represent specific suitable constructs of the invention derived from RSV Fusion (F) protein, wherein Column A provides suitable sequences for F0, Column B provides suitable sequences for F-del, Column C provides suitable sequences for F0_DSCav1, Column D provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1, Column E provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut1, Column F provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut1, Column G provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut2, Column H provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut2, Column I provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut3, Column J provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut3.
  • F RSV Fusion
  • the specific protein SEQ ID NOs as provided in the sequence listing are in row 2 (“PRT”).
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding wild type/non-modified coding sequences are provided in row 3 (“wt”).
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding codon modified coding sequences for each protein construct are provided in row 4 to row 10 (“opt1”, “opt2”, “opt3”, “opt4”, “opt5”, “opt6”, “opt11”).
  • Table 3A coding sequences derived from HRSV(A2) are provided, in Table 3B coding sequences derived from HRSV(Memphis-37) are provided. Further information is provided in the ⁇ 223> identifier for each of the respective SEQ ID NO in the sequence listing.
  • Columns K to V represent specific suitable constructs of the invention derived from RSV Fusion (F) protein, wherein Column K provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut0, Column L provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut0, Column M provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut4, Column N provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut4, Column O provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut5, Column P provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut5, Column Q provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut6, Column R provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut6, Column S provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut7, Column T provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut7, Column U provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut8, Column V provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCa
  • the specific protein SEQ ID NOs as provided in the sequence listing are in row 2 (“PRT”).
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding codon modified coding sequences for each protein construct are provided in row 3 to row 9 (“opt1”, “opt2”, “opt3”, “opt4”, “opt5”, “opt6”, “opt11”).
  • Table 4A coding sequences derived from HRSV(A2) are provided, in Table 4B coding sequences derived from HRSV(Memphis-37) are provided. Further information is provided in the ⁇ 223> identifier for each of the respective SEQ ID NO in the sequence listing.
  • RSV F (columns K-V), derived from HRSV(A2) K L M N O P Q R S T U V PRT 3850 4219 4588 4957 5326 5695 6064 6433 6802 7171 7540 7909 opt1 3851, 4220, 4589, 4958, 5327, 5696, 6065, 6434, 6803, 7172, 7541, 7910, 3852, 4221, 4590, 4959, 5328, 5697, 6066, 6435, 6804, 7173, 7542, 7911, 21367 21368 21375 21376 21377 21378 21379 21380 21381 21382 21383 21384 opt2 3853 4222 4591 4960 5329 5698 6067 6436 6805 7174 7543 7912 opt3 3854 4223 4592 4961 5330 5699 6068 6437 6806 7175 7544 7913 opt4 3855 4224 4593 4962 53
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect is monocistronic, bicistronic, or multicistronic.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention is monocistronic.
  • nucleic acid or “monocistronic nucleic acid” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to an artificial RNA that comprises only one coding sequences as defined herein.
  • bicistronic nucleic acid, multicistronic nucleic acid” or “monocistronic RNA” as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to an artificial RNA that may have two (bicistronic) or even more (multicistronic) coding sequences.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention is monocistronic and the coding sequence of said monocistronic artificial RNA encodes at least two different antigenic peptides or proteins derived from RSV F as defined herein, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the at least one coding sequence of the monocistronic artificial RNA may encode at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight and more antigenic peptides or proteins derived from a RSV, preferably a RSV F as defined herein linked with or without an amino acid linker sequence, wherein said linker sequence can comprise rigid linkers, flexible linkers, cleavable linkers (e.g. self-cleaving peptides) as defined above, or a combination thereof (herein referred to as “multi-antigen-constructs/nucleic acid”).
  • the artificial RNA of the invention is bicistronic or multicistronic and comprises at least two coding sequences, wherein the at least two coding sequences encode two or more different antigenic peptides or proteins derived from RSV, preferably RSV F as defined herein, or a fragment or variant of any of these.
  • the coding sequences in a bicistronic or multicistronic artificial RNA suitably encodes distinct antigenic proteins or peptides as defined herein or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the coding sequences in said bicistronic or multicistronic artificial RNA may be separated by at least one IRES (internal ribosomal entry site) sequence.
  • the term “encoding two or more antigenic peptides or proteins” may mean, without being limited thereto, that the bicistronic or multicistronic artificial RNA encodes e.g. at least two, three, four, five, six or more (preferably different) antigenic peptides or proteins of different RSV or their fragments or variants within the definitions provided herein.
  • the bicistronic or multicistronic artificial RNA may encode e.g. at least two, three, four, five, six or more (preferably different) antigenic peptides or proteins derived from the same RSV or fragments or variants within the definitions provided herein.
  • suitable IRES sequences may be selected from the list of nucleic acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1566-1662 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • SEQ ID NOs: 1566-1662 of the patent application WO2017/081082 or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • the disclosure of WO2017/081082 relating to IRES sequences is herewith incorporated by reference.
  • certain combinations of coding sequences may be generated by any combination of monocistronic, bicistronic and multicistronic artificial nucleic acids and/or multi-antigen-constructs/nucleic acid to obtain a nucleic acid composition encoding multiple antigenic peptides or proteins as defined herein.
  • the artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence as defined herein typically comprises a length of about 50 to about 20000, or 500 to about 20000 nucleotides, or about 500 to about 20000 nucleotides, or about 500 to about 10000 nucleotides, or of about 1000 to about 10000 nucleotides, or preferably of about 1000 to about 5000 nucleotides, or even more preferably of about 1000 to about 2500 nucleotides.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect may be an mRNA, a self-replicating RNA, a circular RNA, or a replicon RNA.
  • the artificial RNA is a circular RNA.
  • circular RNA or “circRNAs” has to be understood as a circular polynucleotide that can encode at least one antigenic peptide or protein as defined herein. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, said circular RNA comprises at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV or a fragment or variant thereof as defined herein.
  • the production of circRNAs can be performed using various methods provided in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No.
  • 6,210,931 teaches a method of synthesizing circRNAs by inserting DNA fragments into a plasmid containing sequences having the capability of spontaneous cleavage and self-circularization.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,244 teaches producing circRNAs by making a DNA construct encoding an RNA cyclase ribozyme, expressing the DNA construct as an RNA, and then allowing the RNA to self-splice, which produces a circRNA free from intron in vitro.
  • WO1992/001813 teaches a process of making single strand circular nucleic acids by synthesizing a linear polynucleotide, combining the linear nucleotide with a complementary linking oligonucleotide under hybridization conditions, and ligating the linear polynucleotide.
  • the person skilled in the art may also use methods provided in WO2015/034925 or WO2016/011222 to produce circular RNA. Accordingly, methods for producing circular RNA as provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,210,931, 5,773,244, WO1992/001813, WO2015/034925 and WO2016/011222 are incorporated herewith by reference.
  • the artificial RNA is a replicon RNA.
  • replicon RNA will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to be optimized self-replicating artificial RNA constructs.
  • Such constructs include replication elements (replicase) derived from alphaviruses and the substitution of the structural virus proteins with the artificial nucleic acid of interest (in the context of the invention, an artificial nucleic acid comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV.
  • the replicase may be provided on an independent construct comprising a replicase RNA sequence derived from e.g.
  • Semliki forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus (SIN), Venezuelan equine Encephalitis virus (VEE), Ross-River virus (RRV), or other viruses belonging to the alphavirus family.
  • Downstream of the replicase lies a sub-genomic promoter that controls replication of the artificial nucleic acid of the invention, i.e. an artificial nucleic acid comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect is an mRNA.
  • RNA and mRNA will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to be a ribonucleic acid molecule, i.e. a polymer consisting of nucleotides. These nucleotides are usually adenosine-monophosphate, uridine-monophosphate, guanosine-monophosphate and cytidine-monophosphate monomers which are connected to each other along a so-called backbone. The backbone is formed by phosphodiester bonds between the sugar, i.e. ribose, of a first and a phosphate moiety of a second, adjacent monomer. The specific succession of the monomers is called the RNA-sequence.
  • the mRNA messenger RNA
  • the mRNA usually provides the nucleotide sequence that may be translated into an amino-acid sequence of a particular peptide or protein.
  • the artificial RNA preferably the mRNA of the invention may be prepared using any method known in the art, including chemical synthesis such as e.g. solid phase RNA synthesis, as well as in vitro methods, such as RNA in vitro transcription reactions.
  • the artificial RNA preferably the mRNA is obtained by RNA in vitro transcription.
  • RNA of the invention is preferably an in vitro transcribed RNA.
  • RNA in vitro transcription or “in vitro transcription” relate to a process wherein RNA is synthesized in a cell-free system (in vitro).
  • RNA may be obtained by DNA-dependent in vitro transcription of an appropriate DNA template, which according to the present invention is a linearized plasmid DNA template or a PCR-amplified DNA template.
  • the promoter for controlling RNA in vitro transcription can be any promoter for any DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
  • DNA-dependent RNA polymerases are the T7, T3, SP6, or Syn5 RNA polymerases.
  • the DNA template is linearized with a suitable restriction enzyme, before it is subjected to RNA in vitro transcription.
  • Reagents used in RNA in vitro transcription typically include: a DNA template (linearized plasmid DNA or PCR product) with a promoter sequence that has a high binding affinity for its respective RNA polymerase such as bacteriophage-encoded RNA polymerases (T7, T3, SP6, or Syn5); ribonucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) for the four bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil); optionally, a cap analogue as defined herein (e.g.
  • m7G(5′)ppp(5′)G m7G, m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG)pG or m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)pG)
  • a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase capable of binding to the promoter sequence within the DNA template
  • RNA polymerase T7, T3, SP6, or Syn5 RNA polymerase
  • RNase ribonuclease
  • a pyrophosphatase to degrade pyrophosphate, which may inhibit RNA in vitro transcription
  • MgCl2 which supplies Mg2+ ions as a co-factor for the polymerase
  • a buffer TRIS or HEPES
  • polyamines such as spermidine at optimal concentrations, e.g. a buffer system comprising TRIS-Citrate as disclosed in WO2017/109161.
  • the nucleotide mixture used in RNA in vitro transcription may additionally contain modified nucleotides as defined herein.
  • preferred modified nucleotides comprise pseudouridine ( ⁇ ), N1-methylpseudouridine (m1 ⁇ ), 5-methylcytosine, and/or 5-methoxyuridine.
  • the nucleotide mixture i.e. the fraction of each nucleotide in the mixture
  • the nucleotide mixture used for RNA in vitro transcription reactions may be optimized for the given RNA sequence, preferably as described WO2015/188933.
  • RNA as defined herein has to be produced, e.g. where 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or even more different artificial RNAs have to be produced (e.g. encoding different RSV F antigens, or e.g. a combination of RSV F and RSV G; see second aspect), procedures as described in WO2017/109134 may be suitably used.
  • RNA vaccine production it may be required to provide GMP-grade RNA.
  • GMP-grade RNA may be produced using a manufacturing process approved by regulatory authorities. Accordingly, in a particularly preferred embodiment, RNA production is performed under current good manufacturing practice (GMP), implementing various quality control steps on DNA and RNA level, preferably according to WO2016/180430.
  • the RNA of the invention is a GMP-grade RNA, particularly a GMP-grade mRNA.
  • RNA products are preferably purified using PureMessenger® (CureVac, Tubingen, Germany; RP-HPLC according to WO2008/077592) and/or tangential flow filtration (as described in WO2016/193206).
  • the RNA is lyophilized according to WO2016/165831 or WO2011/069586 to yield a temperature stable dried artificial RNA (powder) as defined herein.
  • the RNA of the invention, particularly the purified RNA may also be dried using spray-drying or spray-freeze drying according to WO2016/184575 or WO2016184576 to yield a temperature stable RNA (powder) as defined herein.
  • WO2017/109161, WO2015/188933, WO2016/180430, WO2008/077592, WO2016/193206, WO2016/165831, WO2011/069586, WO2016/184575, and WO2016/184576 are incorporated herewith by reference.
  • the RNA is a dried RNA, particularly a dried mRNA.
  • RNA dried RNA
  • spray-dried or spray-freeze dried as defined above to obtain a temperature stable dried RNA (powder).
  • the artificial RNA of the invention is a purified RNA, particularly purified mRNA.
  • purified RNA or “purified mRNA” as used herein has to be understood as RNA which has a higher purity after certain purification steps (e.g. HPLC, TFF, Oligo d(T) purification, precipitation steps) than the starting material (e.g. in vitro transcribed RNA).
  • Typical impurities that are essentially not present in purified RNA comprise peptides or proteins (e.g. enzymes derived from DNA dependent RNA in vitro transcription, e.g.
  • RNA polymerases RNases, pyrophosphatase, restriction endonuclease, DNase), spermidine, BSA, abortive RNA sequences, RNA fragments (short double stranded RNA fragments, abortive sequences etc.), free nucleotides (modified nucleotides, conventional NTPs, cap analogue), template DNA fragments, buffer components (HEPES, TRIS, MgCl2) etc.
  • Other potential impurities that may be derived from e.g. fermentation procedures comprise bacterial impurities (bioburden, bacterial DNA) or impurities derived from purification procedures (organic solvents etc.).
  • RNA purity it is desirable in this regard for the “degree of RNA purity” to be as close as possible to 100%. It is also desirable for the degree of RNA purity that the amount of full-length RNA transcripts is as close as possible to 100%. Accordingly “purified RNA” as used herein has a degree of purity of more than 75%, 80%, 85%, very particularly 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% and most favorably 99% or more.
  • the degree of purity may for example be determined by an analytical HPLC, wherein the percentages provided above correspond to the ratio between the area of the peak for the target RNA and the total area of all peaks representing the by-products.
  • the degree of purity may for example be determined by an analytical agarose gel electrophoresis or capillary gel electrophoresis.
  • RNA as defined herein and “purified RNA” as defined herein or “GMP-grade mRNA” as defined herein may have superior stability characteristics (in vitro, in vivo) and improved efficiency (e.g. better translatability of the mRNA in vivo) and are therefore particularly suitable in the context of the invention.
  • “dried RNA” as defined herein and “purified RNA” as defined herein or “GMP-grade mRNA” may be particularly suitable for medical use as defined herein.
  • the artificial RNA may suitably be modified by the addition of a 5′-cap structure, which preferably stabilizes the nucleic acid as described herein.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises a 5′-cap structure, preferably m7G, cap0 (e.g. m7G(5′)ppp(5′)G), cap1 (e.g. m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG) or m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)), cap2, a modified cap0, or a modified cap1 structure (generated using a cap analogue as defined below).
  • 5′-cap structure as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a modified nucleotide (cap analogue), particularly a guanine nucleotide, added to the 5′-end of an RNA molecule, e.g. an mRNA molecule.
  • the 5′-cap is added using a 5-5-triphosphate linkage (also named m7GpppN).
  • 5′-cap structures include glyceryl, inverted deoxy abasic residue (moiety), 4′,5′ methylene nucleotide, 1-(beta-D-erythrofuranosyl) nucleotide, 4′-thio nucleotide, carbocyclic nucleotide, 1,5-anhydrohexitol nucleotide, L-nucleotides, alpha-nucleotide, modified base nucleotide, threo-pentofuranosyl nucleotide, acyclic 3′,4′-seco nucleotide, acyclic 3,4-dihydroxybutyl nucleotide, acyclic 3,5 dihydroxypentyl nucleotide, 3′-3-inverted nucleotide moiety, 3′-3′-inverted abasic moiety, 3′-2′-inverted nucleotide moiety, 3′-2′-inverted abasic
  • cap1 additional methylation of the ribose of the adjacent nucleotide of m7GpppN
  • cap2 additional methylation of the ribose of the 2nd nucleotide downstream of the m7GpppN
  • cap3 additional methylation of the ribose of the 3rd nucleotide downstream of the m7GpppN
  • cap4 additional methylation of the ribose of the 4th nucleotide downstream of the m7GpppN
  • ARCA anti-reverse cap analogue
  • modified ARCA e.g.
  • phosphothioate modified ARCA inosine, N1-methyl-guanosine, 2′-fluoro-guanosine, 7-deaza-guanosine, 8-oxo-guanosine, 2-amino-guanosine, LNA-guanosine, and 2-azido-guanosine.
  • a 5′-cap (cap0 or cap1) structure may also be formed in chemical RNA synthesis or, preferably, RNA in vitro transcription (co-transcriptional capping) using cap analogues.
  • cap analogue as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a non-polymerizable di-nucleotide that has cap functionality in that it facilitates translation or localization, and/or prevents degradation of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of an RNA molecule, when incorporated at the 5′-end of the nucleic acid molecule.
  • Non-polymerizable means that the cap analogue will be incorporated only at the 5′-terminus because it does not have a 5′ triphosphate and therefore cannot be extended in the 3′-direction by a template-dependent polymerase, particularly, by template-dependent RNA polymerase.
  • cap analogues include, but are not limited to, a chemical structure selected from the group consisting of m7GpppG, m7GpppA, m7GpppC; unmethylated cap analogues (e.g. GpppG); dimethylated cap analogue (e.g. m2,7GpppG), trimethylated cap analogue (e.g. m2,2,7GpppG), dimethylated symmetrical cap analogues (e.g. m7Gpppm7G), or anti reverse cap analogues (e.g.
  • cap analogues in that context are described in WO2017/066793, WO2017/066781, WO2017/066791, WO2017/066789, WO2017/053297, WO2017/066782, WO2018075827 and WO2017/066797 wherein the disclosures referring to cap analogues are incorporated herewith by reference.
  • the 5′-cap structure may suitably be added co-transcriptionally using cap-analogues as defined herein in an RNA in vitro transcription reaction as defined herein.
  • a modified cap1 structure is generated using a cap analogue as disclosed in WO2017/053297, WO2017/066793, WO2017/066781, WO2017/066791, WO2017/066789, WO2017/066782, WO2018075827 and WO2017/066797.
  • any cap structures derivable from the structure disclosed in claim 1-5 of WO2017/053297 may be suitably used to co-transcriptionally generate a modified cap1 structure.
  • any cap structures derivable from the structure defined in claim 1 or claim 21 of WO2018075827 may be suitably used to co-transcriptionally generate a modified cap1 structure.
  • Preferred cap-analogues are the di-nucleotide cap analogues m7G(5′)ppp(5′)G (m7G) or 3 O-Me-m7G(5′)ppp(5′)G to co-transcriptionally generate cap0 structures.
  • Particularly preferred cap-analogues are the tri-nucleotide cap analogues m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)pG or m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG)pG to co-transcriptionally generate cap1 structures.
  • the RNA of the invention comprises a Cap1 structure as defined above, which preferably result in an increased protein expression through e.g. high capping efficiencies and increased translation efficiencies.
  • the RNA of the invention comprising a Cap1 structure displays a decreased stimulation of the innate immune system as compared to Cap0 constructs of the same nucleic acid sequence.
  • the person of ordinary skill knows how to determine translation efficiencies, capping degree, and immune stimulation.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect of the invention comprises a cap1 structure, wherein said cap1 structure may be formed enzymatically or co-transcriptionally (e.g. using m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)pG or m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG)pG analogues).
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises an m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)pG cap structure.
  • the coding RNA comprises a 5′ terminal m7G cap, and an additional methylation of the ribose of the adjacent nucleotide of m7GpppN, in that case, a 2′O methylated adenosine.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises an m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG)pG cap structure.
  • the coding RNA comprises a 5′ terminal m7G cap, and an additional methylation of the ribose of the adjacent nucleotide, in that case, a 2′O methylated guanosine.
  • the first nucleotide of said RNA or mRNA sequence may be a 2′O methylated guanosine or a 2′O methylated adenosine.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 5′-cap sequence element according to SEQ ID NOs: 43 or 21321, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the 5′-cap structure is added via enzymatic capping using capping enzymes (e.g. vaccinia virus capping enzymes, commercially available capping kits) to generate cap or cap1 or cap2 structures.
  • capping enzymes e.g. vaccinia virus capping enzymes, commercially available capping kits
  • the 5′-cap structure (cap0, cap1) is added via enzymatic capping using immobilized capping enzymes, e.g. using a capping reactor (WO2016/193226).
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one poly(A) sequence, preferably comprising 30 to 150 adenosine nucleotides.
  • the poly(A) sequence suitable located at the 3′ terminus, comprises 10 to 500 adenosine nucleotides, 10 to 200 adenosine nucleotides, 40 to 200 adenosine nucleotides or 40 to 150 adenosine nucleotides.
  • the poly(A) sequence comprises about 64 adenosine nucleotides.
  • the poly(A) sequence comprises about 75 adenosine nucleotides.
  • the poly(A) sequence comprises about 100 adenosine nucleotides.
  • poly(A) sequence “poly(A) tail” or “3′-poly(A) tail” as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to be a sequence of adenosine nucleotides, typically located at the 3′-end of an RNA, of up to about 1000 adenosine nucleotides.
  • said poly(A) sequence is essentially homopolymeric, e.g. a poly(A) sequence of e.g. 100 adenosine nucleotides has essentially the length of 100 nucleotides.
  • the poly(A) sequence may be interrupted by at least one nucleotide different from an adenosine nucleotide, e.g. a poly(A) sequence of e.g. 100 adenosine nucleotides may have a length of more than 100 nucleotides (comprising 100 adenosine nucleotides and in addition said at least one nucleotide different from an adenosine nucleotide).
  • a poly(A) sequence of e.g. 100 adenosine nucleotides may have a length of more than 100 nucleotides (comprising 100 adenosine nucleotides and in addition said at least one nucleotide different from an adenosine nucleotide).
  • a poly(A) sequence may be located within an mRNA or any other nucleic acid molecule, such as, e.g., in a DNA vector, for example, in a vector serving as template for the generation of an RNA, preferably an mRNA, e.g., by transcription said DNA vector.
  • the poly(A) sequence of the artificial RNA is obtained from a DNA template during RNA in vitro transcription.
  • the poly(A) sequence is obtained in vitro by common methods of chemical synthesis without being necessarily transcribed from a DNA template.
  • poly(A) sequences are generated by enzymatic polyadenylation of the RNA (after RNA in vitro transcription) using commercially available polyadenylation kits and corresponding protocols known in the art, or alternatively, by using immobilized poly(A)polymerases e.g. using a polyadenylation reactor (as described in WO2016/174271).
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may contain a poly(A) sequence derived from a vector and may comprise at least one additional poly(A) sequence generated by enzymatic polyadenylation, e.g. as described in WO2016/091391.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one poly(C) sequence, preferably comprising 10 to 40 cytosine nucleotides.
  • the poly(C) sequence suitable located at the 3′ terminus, comprises 10 to 200 cytosine nucleotides, 10 to 100 cytosine nucleotides, 20 to 70 cytosine nucleotides, 20 to 60 cytosine nucleotides, or 10 to 40 cytosine nucleotides. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the poly(C) sequence comprises about cytosine nucleotides.
  • poly(C) sequence as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to be a sequence of cytosine nucleotides, typically located at the 3′-end of an RNA, of up to about 200 cytosine nucleotides.
  • a poly(C) sequence may be located within an mRNA or any other nucleic acid molecule, such as, e.g., in a DNA vector, for example, in a vector serving as template for the generation of an RNA, preferably an mRNA, e.g., by transcription of the vector.
  • the poly(C) sequence in the RNA sequence of the present invention is derived from a DNA template by RNA in vitro transcription.
  • the poly(C) sequence is obtained in vitro by common methods of chemical synthesis without being necessarily transcribed from a DNA template.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention does not comprises a poly(C) sequence as defined herein.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect comprises at least one histone stem-loop.
  • histone stem-loop as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to nucleic acid sequences that are predominantly found in histone mRNAs. Exemplary histone stem-loop sequences are described in Lopez et al. (Davila Lopez et al, (2008), RNA, 14(1)). The stem-loops in histone pre-mRNAs are typically followed by a purine-rich sequence known as the histone downstream element (HDE).
  • HDE histone downstream element
  • pre-mRNAs are processed in the nucleus by a single endonucleolytic cleavage approximately 5 nucleotides downstream of the stem-loop, catalysed by the U7 snRNP through base pairing of the U7 snRNA with the HDE.
  • Histone stem-loop sequences/structures may suitably be selected from histone stem-loop sequences as disclosed in WO2012/019780, the disclosure relating to histone stem-loop sequences/structures incorporated herewith by reference.
  • a histone stem-loop sequence that may be used within the present invention may preferably be derived from formulae (I) or (II) of the patent application WO2012/019780.
  • the RNA as defined herein may comprise at least one histone stem-loop sequence derived from at least one of the specific formulae (Ia) or (IIa) of the patent application WO2012/019780.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one histone stem-loop, wherein said histone stem-loop comprises a nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 39 or 40 or a fragments or variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect does not comprises a histone stem-loop as defined herein.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises a 3′-terminal sequence element.
  • Said 3′-terminal sequence element has to be understood as a sequence element comprising a poly(A)sequence and a histone-stem-loop sequence, wherein said sequence element is located at the 3′ terminus of the artificial RNA of the invention.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention may comprise a 3′-terminal sequence element according to SEQ ID NOs: 44-63 or 21322-21328 or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one pseudouridine ( ⁇ ) modified coding sequence.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises a nucleic acid sequence wherein at least one or more than one, preferably wherein all uracil nucleotides are replaced by pseudouridine ( ⁇ ) nucleotides.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises at least one N1-methylpseudouridine (m1 ⁇ ) modified coding sequence.
  • the artificial RNA of the invention comprises a nucleic acid sequence wherein at least one or more than one, preferably wherein all uracil nucleotides are replaced by N1-methylpseudouridine (m1P) nucleotides
  • the artificial RNA preferably mRNA comprises preferably in 5′- to 3-direction the following elements a)-i):
  • the artificial RNA preferably mRNA comprises the following elements preferably in 5′- to 3-direction:
  • the artificial RNA preferably mRNA comprises the following elements preferably in 5′- to 3-direction:
  • the artificial RNA preferably mRNA comprises the following elements in 5′- to 3′-direction:
  • the artificial RNA preferably mRNA comprises the following elements in 5′- to 3′-direction:
  • RSV polypeptide, nucleic acid, and mRNA sequences are provided in Table 5A, 5B and Table 6A, 6B.
  • Columns A to J represent specific suitable constructs of the invention derived from RSV Fusion (F) protein, wherein Column A provides suitable sequences for F0, Column B provides suitable sequences for F-del, Column C provides suitable sequences for F0_DSCav1, Column D provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1, Column E provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut1, Column F provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut1, Column G provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut2, Column H provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut2, Column I provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut3, Column J provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut3.
  • F RSV Fusion
  • the protein designs are indicated in row 1 (Columns A to J), the specific protein SEQ ID NOs as provided in the sequence listing are in row 2 (“protein”).
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding coding sequences for each protein construct are provided in row 3 (“cds”, compare with Table 3 for different cds optimizations). Further information e.g. regarding the type of codon modified coding sequence (opt1, opt2, opt3, opt4, opt5, opt6, opt11 etc.) is provided in the ⁇ 223> identifier of the respective SEQ ID NO in the sequence listing and in Table 3.
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding mRNA constructs comprising said coding sequences and suitable 3′-UTRs and 5′-UTRs according to the invention are provided in rows 4 to 47 (mRNA designs a-1 to i-3 as specified herein).
  • mRNA sequences derived from HRSV(A2) are provided
  • Table 5B mRNA sequences derived from HRSV(Memphis-37) are provided. Further information e.g. regarding the type of coding sequence (wt, opt1, opt2, opt3, opt4, opt5, opt6, opt11 etc.) comprised in the mRNA constructs is provided in the ⁇ 223> identifier of the respective SEQ ID NO in the sequence listing.
  • Columns K to V represent specific suitable constructs of the invention derived from RSV Fusion (F) protein, wherein Column K provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut0, Column L provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut0, Column M provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut4, Column N provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut4, Column O provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut5, Column P provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut5, Column Q provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut6, Column R provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut6, Column S provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut7, Column T provides suitable sequences for F-del_DSCav1_mut7, Column U provides suitable sequences for F_DSCav1_mut8, Column V provides suitable
  • the protein designs are indicated in the first row (Columns K to V), the specific protein SEQ ID NOs as provided in the sequence listing are in row 2, “PRT”.
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding coding sequences for each protein construct are provided in row 3, “cds” (compare with Table 4 for different cds optimizations).
  • Further information e.g. regarding the type of codon modified coding sequence (opt1, opt2, opt3, opt4, opt5, opt6, opt11 etc.) is provided in the ⁇ 223> identifier of the respective SEQ ID NO in the sequence listing and in Table 4.
  • SEQ ID NOs of corresponding mRNA constructs comprising said coding sequences and suitable 3′-UTRs and 5′-UTRs according to the invention are provided in each following row (mRNA designs “a-1” to “i-3” as specified herein).
  • the artificial RNA comprises or consists of an RNA sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of Seq ID NOs: 78-482, 493-897, 907-1266, 1276-1635, 1645-2004, 2014-2373, 2383-2742, 2752-3111, 3121-3480, 3490-3849, 3859-4218, 4228-4587, 4597-4956, 4966-5325, 5335-5694, 5704-6063, 6073-6432, 6442-6801, 6811-7170, 7180-7539, 7549-7908, 7918-8277, 8278, 21415-21480, 21561-21626, 11735-12094, 12104-12463, 12473-12832,
  • the artificial RNA comprises (a) at least one heterologous 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) and/or at least one heterologous 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) and (b) at least one coding sequence operably linked to said 3′-UTR and/or 5′-UTR encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a RSV F or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein
  • the artificial RNA comprises (a) at least one heterologous 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) and/or at least one heterologous 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) and (b) at least one coding sequence operably linked to said 3′-UTR and/or 5′-UTR encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from a RSV F or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein said artificial RNA comprises or consists of an RNA sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 5704-6063, 17270-17629, 21460-21462, 21606-21608, 21532-21534, 21678-21680 (encoding F-del_DSCav1_mut5) or a
  • nucleic acid sequences may also be derived from the sequence listing, in particular from the details provided therein under identifier ⁇ 223> as explained in the following.
  • numeric identifier ⁇ 223> in the sequence listing of SEQ ID NO: 68 reads as follows: “derived and/or modified protein sequence (artificial) from HRSV(A2)_F0”. It has to be noted that throughout the sequence listing, information provided under numeric identifier ⁇ 223> follows the same structure: “ ⁇ SEQUENCE_DESCRIPTOR> from ⁇ CONSTRUCT_IDENTIFIER>”.
  • the ⁇ SEQUENCE_DESCRIPTOR> relates to the type of sequence (e.g., “derived and/or modified protein sequence”, “derived and/or modified CDS” “mRNA product Design a-1 comprising derived and/or modified sequence”, or “mRNA product Design b-4 comprising derived and/or modified sequence”, or “mRNA product Design c-5 comprising derived and/or modified sequence”, or “mRNA product Design g-4 comprising derived and/or modified sequence” etc.) and whether the sequence comprises or consists of a wild type sequence (“wt”) or whether the sequence comprises or consists of a sequence-optimized sequence (e.g.
  • numeric identifier ⁇ 223> of SEQ ID NO: 68 reads as follows: “derived and/or modified protein sequence (artificial)”.
  • the ⁇ CONSTRUCT_IDENTIFIER> provided under numeric identifier ⁇ 223> has the following structures: (“organism_construct name”, or “organism__accession number__construct name”) and is intended to help the person skilled in the art to explicitly derive suitable nucleic acid sequences (e.g., RNA, mRNA) encoding the same RSV protein according to the invention.
  • suitable nucleic acid sequences e.g., RNA, mRNA
  • the ⁇ CONSTRUCT_IDENTIFIER> provided under numeric identifier ⁇ 223> of SEQ ID NO: 68 reads as follows: “HRSV(A2)_F0”.
  • the respective protein sequence is derived from “HRSV(A2)” (organism), wherein the protein comprises the structural elements “F0” (construct name, full-length F).
  • HRSV(A2)_F0 construct name, full-length F.
  • a second aspect relates to a composition comprising at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect.
  • the composition comprises at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” as used herein preferably includes the liquid or non-liquid basis of the composition.
  • the carrier will preferably be water, typically pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline or buffered (aqueous) solutions, e.g. phosphate, citrate etc. buffered solutions.
  • Water or preferably a buffer, more preferably an aqueous buffer may be used, containing a sodium salt, preferably at least 50 mM of a sodium salt, a calcium salt, preferably at least 0.01 mM of a calcium salt, and optionally a potassium salt, preferably at least 3 mM of a potassium salt.
  • the sodium, calcium and, optionally, potassium salts may occur in the form of their halogenides, e.g. chlorides, iodides, or bromides, in the form of their hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, or sulfates, etc.
  • examples of sodium salts include e.g. NaCl, NaI, NaBr, Na 2 CO 3 , NaHC 3 , Na 2 SO 4
  • examples of the optional potassium salts include e.g. KCl, KI, KBr, K 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , K 2 SO 4
  • examples of calcium salts include e.g. CaCl 2 , CaI 2 , CaBr 2 , CaCO 3 , CaSO 4 , Ca(OH) 2 .
  • organic anions of the aforementioned cations may be contained in the buffer.
  • composition as defined herein may comprise a plurality or at least more than one of the artificial RNAs as defined in the context of the first aspect or the second aspect of the invention.
  • the at least one RNA comprised in the composition is a bi- or multicistronic nucleic acid, particularly a bi- or multicistronic nucleic acid as defined herein, which encodes the at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven or twelve distinct antigenic peptides or protein derived from the same RSV and/or a different RSV.
  • the composition may comprise at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or even more different artificial RNAs as defined in the context of the first aspect of the invention each encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from genetically the same RSV or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the terms “same” or “same RSV” as used in the context of a virus, e.g. “same virus”, have to be understood as genetically the same.
  • said (genetically) same virus expresses the same proteins or peptides, wherein all proteins or peptides have the same amino acid sequence.
  • said (genetically) same RSV expresses essentially the same proteins, peptides or polyproteins, wherein these protein, peptide or polyproteins preferably do not differ in their amino acid sequence(s).
  • a non-limiting list of exemplary RSV viruses is provided in List 1.
  • the composition comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or even more different RNAs as defined in the context of the first aspect of the invention each encoding at least one peptide or protein derived from a genetically different RSV or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the terms “different” or “different RSV” as used throughout the present specification in the context of a virus, e.g. “different” virus, has to be understood as the difference between at least two respective viruses, wherein the difference is manifested on the RNA genome of the respective different virus.
  • said (genetically) different RSV expresses at least one different protein, peptide or polyprotein, wherein the at least one different protein, peptide or polyprotein preferably differs in at least one amino acid.
  • the composition comprises at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or even more further RNA constructs encoding RSV antigens selected from glycoprotein G, short hydrophobic protein SH, matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, large polymerase L, M2-1 protein, M2-2 protein, phosphoprotein P, non-structural protein NS1 or non-structural protein NS2, or any combination thereof.
  • compositions comprising at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 further RNA constructs encoding RSV
  • methods as disclosed in the PCT application PCT/EP2016/082487 or in published patent application WO2017/1090134A1 are preferably used and adapted accordingly.
  • the composition of the second aspect comprises at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV selected from matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, M2-1 protein, and/or phosphoprotein P or combinations thereof.
  • the addition of a further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M, N, M2-1, and/or phosphoprotein P (or combinations thereof) is particularly advantageous to e.g. promote a T-cell immune response.
  • embodiments relating to the artificial RNA of the first aspect may likewise be read on and be understood as suitable embodiments of the at least one further artificial RNA of the second aspect (e.g., embodiments relating to UTR combinations, cds optimizations, histone stem loop, PolyA, PolyC, cap structure, mRNA structure, mRNA production and mRNA purification etc.).
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV matrix protein M.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV N.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV P.
  • composition of the second aspect comprises two further artificial RNA species each comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV selected from matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, M2-1, and phosphoprotein P.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV N.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV N, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV P, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV P, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV N.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV P.
  • the composition of the second aspect comprises three further artificial RNA species each comprising at comprising three further artificial RNA species each comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV selected from matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, M2-1, and phosphoprotein P.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV N, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV P.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV N, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV P.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV P.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV N.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1.
  • the composition of the second aspect comprises four further artificial RNA species each comprising at comprising three further artificial RNA species each comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV selected from matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, M2-1, and phosphoprotein P.
  • composition of the second aspect may suitably comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect encoding RSF F, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV N, at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV P, and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV M2-1.
  • the coding sequence of the further artificial RNA encodes at least one of the amino acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 9684, 10053-10133, 10134, 10503-10636, 10637, 11006-11182, 11183, 11552-11725, 19844, 20213, 20582, 20951 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. Additional information regarding each of these suitable amino acid sequences encoding RSV proteins may also be derived from the sequence listing, in particular from the details provided therein under identifier ⁇ 223> as explained in the following.
  • the coding sequence of the further artificial RNA encodes at least one antigenic peptide or protein as defined herein and additionally a heterologous secretory signal sequence or heterologous secretory signal peptide.
  • the heterologous secretory signal sequence may increase the secretion of the encoded antigenic peptide or protein.
  • Suitable secretory signal peptides may be selected from the list of amino acid sequences according to SEQ ID NOs: 1-1115 and SEQ ID NO: 1728 of the patent application WO2017/081082, or fragments or variants of these sequences.
  • any nucleic acid sequence e.g. RNA sequence
  • RNA sequence may be selected which encodes such amino acid sequences.
  • the disclosure of WO2017/081082 is herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the secretory signal sequence comprises an amino acid sequence being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21329-21362 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences. Additional information regarding each of these suitable amino acid sequences encoding secretory signal sequences may also be derived from the sequence listing, in particular from the details provided therein under identifier ⁇ 223>.
  • the further artificial RNA of the composition comprises
  • the further artificial RNA of the composition comprises
  • the further artificial RNA of the composition comprises a coding sequence is operably linked to a 3′-UTR and a 5′-UTR selected from a-1, a-2, a-3, a-4, a-5, b-1, b-2, b-3, b-4, b-5, c-1, c-2, c-3, c-4, c-5, d-1, d-2, d-3, d-4, d-5, e-1, e-2, e-3, e-4, e-5, e-6, f-1, f-2, f-3, f-4, f-5, g-1, g-2, g-3, g-4, g-5, h-1, h-2, h- 3, h-4, h-5, i-1, i-2, or i-3 (as defined in the context of the first aspect).
  • the further artificial RNA of the composition comprises a coding sequence wherein at least one or more than one, or wherein preferably all uracil nucleotides are replaced by pseudouridine (L) nucleotides or N1-methylpseudouridine (m1L) nucleotides.
  • L pseudouridine
  • m1L N1-methylpseudouridine
  • the further artificial RNA of of the composition may comprise a 5′-cap sequence element according to SEQ ID NOs: 43 or 21321, or a fragment or variant thereof.
  • the coding sequence of the further RNA comprises at least one of the nucleic acid sequences being identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 9685-9692, 10135-10142, 10638-10645, 11184-11119, 19845-19852, 20214-20221, 20583-20590, 20952-20959, 21385-21388, 21411-21414 or a fragment or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences (cds optimizations as defined in the context of the first aspect). Additional information regarding each of these suitable amino acid sequences encoding RSV proteins may also be derived from the sequence listing, in particular from the details provided therein under identifier ⁇ 223> as explained in the following.
  • the further artificial RNA preferably the further mRNA of the composition comprises preferably in 5′- to 3-direction the following elements a)-i):
  • the further artificial RNA preferably the further mRNA of the composition comprises preferably in 5′- to 3′-direction the following elements a)-i):
  • RSV polypeptide, nucleic acid, and mRNA sequences of the second aspect are provided in Table 7A.
  • Columns A to D represent specific suitable constructs of the second aspect derived from RSV protein, wherein Column A provides suitable sequences for M, Column B provides suitable sequences for N, Column C provides suitable sequences for P, and Column D provides suitable sequences M2-1.
  • the protein names/designs are indicated in row 1 (Columns A to D), the protein SEQ ID NOs as provided in the sequence listing are in row 2 (“PRT”). Preferred protein SEQ ID NOs of HRSV(A2) are provided in row 3 (“HRSV(A2) PRT”).
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding coding sequences for each indicated HRSV(A2) protein are provided in rows 4-11 (“cds wt”, “cds opt1”, “cds opt2”, “cds opt3”, “cds opt4”, “cds opt5”, “cds opt6”, “cds opt11”, respectively).
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding mRNA constructs comprising said coding sequences and suitable 3′-UTRs and 5′-UTRs according to the invention are provided in rows 12 to 55 (“mRNA design a-1” to “mRNA design i-3” as specified herein).
  • SEQ ID NOs of HRSV(Memphis-37) are provided in row 56 (“Memphis-37 PRT”).
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding coding sequences for each indicated HRSV(Memphis-37) protein are provided in rows 57-64 (“cds wt”, “cds opt1”, “cds opt2”, “cds opt3”, “cds opt4”, “cds opt5”, “cds opt6”, “cds opt11”, respectively).
  • the SEQ ID NOs of corresponding mRNA constructs comprising said coding sequences and suitable 3′-UTRs and 5′-UTRs according to the invention are provided in rows 65 to 108 (“mRNA design a-” to “mRNA design i-3” as specified herein).
  • the composition of the second aspect comprises at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV selected from matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, M2-1 protein, phosphoprotein P, wherein the further artificial RNA comprises or consists of an RNA sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a nucleic acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 9693-10052, 10143-10502, 10646-11005, 11192-11551, 19853-20212, 20222-20581, 20591-20950, 20960-21319, 21481-21488, 21627-21634, 21553-21560, 21699-21706 or a fragment or variant of any of these sequences, wherein, optionally, at least one or more than
  • composition of the second aspect comprises
  • uracil nucleotides are replaced by pseudouridine ( ⁇ ) nucleotides or N1-methylpseudouridine (m1 ⁇ ) nucleotides.
  • RSV F (F0, F-del, F0_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F_DSCav1_mut0, F_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut4, F-del_DSCav1_mut4, F_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F_DSCav1_mut6, F-del_DSCav1_mut6, F_DSCav1_mut7, F-del_DSCav1_mut7, F_DSCav1_mut8, F-del_DSCav1_mut8) RNA
  • RNA constructs encoding RSV F and RNA constructs encoding T-cell antigens SEQ ID NO: T-cell antigen SEQ ID NO: Combination RSV F construct Protein construct Protein 1 F0 68 M 9684 2 F-del 483 M 9684 3 F_DSCav1 898 M 9684 4 F-del_DSCav1 1267 M 9684 5 F_DSCav1_mut1 1636 M 9684 6 F-del_DSCav1_mut1 2005 M 9684 7 F_DSCav1_mut2 2374 M 9684 8 F-del_DSCav1_mut2 2743 M 9684 9 F_DSCav1_mut3 3112 M 9684 10 F-del_DSCav1_mut3 3481 M 9684 11 F_DSCav1_mut0 3850 M 9684 12 F-del_DSCav1_mut0 4219 M 9684 13
  • Table 7B discloses compositions of the second aspect comprising at least one RNA encoding RSV F from the strain A2 as defined in the first aspect and at least one further artificial RNA comprising at least one coding sequence encoding at least one antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV from the strain A2 selected from matrix protein M, nucleoprotein N, M2-1 protein, phosphoprotein P.
  • all disclosed compositions in Table 7B are also applicable for antigenic peptides or proteins derived from a RSV isolate Memphis-37 (strain Memphis-37).
  • the composition comprises one RSV F RNA construct (F0, F-del, F0_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut4, F-del_DSCav1_mut4, F_DSCav1_mut4, F_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F_DSCav1_mut6, F-del_DSCav1_mut6, F_DSCav1_mut7, F-del_DSCav1_mut7, F_DSCav1_mut8, F-del_DSCav
  • one RNA construct encoding RSV F selected from SEQ ID NOs: 5704-5711, 21460-21462, 21606-21608, 17270-17277, 21532-21534, 21678-21680 and one RNA construct encoding M2-1, selected from SEQ ID NOs: 11192-11199, 21487, 21488, 21633, 21634, 20960-20967, 21559, 21560, 21705, 21706 are comprised in the composition of the invention.
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and the at least one further artificial RNA as specified herein are derived from the same RSV virus (e.g. any virus selected from List 1).
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect is derived from HRSV(A2) and the at least one further artificial RNA as specified herein is derived from HRSV(A2).
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect is derived from HRSV(Memphis-37) and the at least one further artificial RNA as specified herein is derived from HRSV(Memphis-37).
  • certain combinations of coding sequences may be generated by any combination of monocistronic, bicistronic and multicistronic artificial nucleic acids and/or multi-antigen-constructs/nucleic acid to obtain a nucleic acid composition encoding multiple antigenic peptides or proteins as defined herein.
  • compatible solid or liquid fillers or diluents or encapsulating compounds may be used as well, which are suitable for administration to a person.
  • the term “compatible” as used herein means that the constituents of the composition are capable of being mixed with the at least one RNA and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the composition, in such a manner that no interaction occurs, which would substantially reduce the biological activity or the pharmaceutical effectiveness of the composition under typical use conditions.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, fillers and diluents must have sufficiently high purity and sufficiently low toxicity to make them suitable for administration to a person to be treated.
  • sugars such as, for example, lactose, glucose, trehalose and sucrose
  • starches such as, for example, corn starch or potato starch
  • dextrose cellulose and its derivatives, such as, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; tallow; solid glidants, such as, for example, stearic acid, magnesium stearate; calcium sulfate
  • vegetable oils such as, for example, groundnut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and oil from theobroma
  • polyols such as, for example, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol
  • alginic acid such as, for example, lactose, glucose, trehalose and sucrose
  • starches such as, for example, corn starch or potato starch
  • dextrose
  • emulsifiers such as, for example, Tween
  • wetting agents such as, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate
  • colouring agents such as, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate
  • taste-imparting agents pharmaceutical carriers
  • tablet-forming agents such as, for example, stabilizers; antioxidants; preservatives.
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed or associated with or at least partially complexed or partially associated with one or more cationic or polycationic compound, preferably cationic or polycationic polymer, cationic or polycationic polysaccharide, cationic or polycationic lipid, cationic or polycationic protein, cationic or polycationic peptide, or any combinations thereof.
  • cationic or polycationic compound as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to a charged molecule, which is positively charged at a pH value ranging from about 1 to 9, at a pH value ranging from about 3 to 8, at a pH value ranging from about 4 to 8, at a pH value ranging from about 5 to 8, more preferably at a pH value ranging from about 6 to 8, even more preferably at a pH value ranging from about 7 to 8, most preferably at a physiological pH, e.g. ranging from about 7.2 to about 7.5.
  • a cationic component e.g.
  • a cationic peptide, cationic protein, cationic polymer, cationic polysaccharide, cationic lipid may be any positively charged compound or polymer which is positively charged under physiological conditions.
  • a “cationic or polycationic peptide or protein” may contain at least one positively charged amino acid, or more than one positively charged amino acid, e.g. selected from Arg, His, Lys or Orn. Accordingly, “polycationic” components are also within the scope exhibiting more than one positive charge under the given conditions.
  • Cationic or polycationic compounds being particularly preferred in this context may be selected from the following list of cationic or polycationic peptides or proteins of fragments thereof: protamine, nucleoline, spermine or spermidine, or other cationic peptides or proteins, such as poly-L-lysine (PLL), poly-arginine, basic polypeptides, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), including HIV-binding peptides, HIV-1 Tat (HIV), Tat-derived peptides, Penetratin, VP22 derived or analog peptides, HSV VP22 (Herpes simplex), MAP, KALA or protein transduction domains (PTDs), PpT620, prolin-rich peptides, arginine-rich peptides, lysine-rich peptides, MPG-peptide(s), Pep-1, L-oligomers, Calcitonin peptide(s), Antennapedia-derived peptid
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with protamine
  • cationic or polycationic compounds which can be used as transfection or complexation agent may include cationic polysaccharides, for example chitosan, polybrene etc.; cationic lipids, e.g. DOTMA, DMRIE, di-C14-amidine, DOTIM, SAINT, DC-Chol, BGTC, CTAP, DOPC, DODAP, DOPE: Dioleyl phosphatidylethanol-amine, DOSPA, DODAB, DOIC, DMEPC, DOGS, DIMRI, DOTAP, DC-6-14, CLIP1, CLIP6, CLIP9, oligofectamine; or cationic or polycationic polymers, e.g.
  • cationic polysaccharides for example chitosan, polybrene etc.
  • cationic lipids e.g. DOTMA, DMRIE, di-C14-amidine, DOTIM, SAINT, DC-Chol, BGTC, CTAP, DOPC, DODAP, DO
  • modified polyaminoacids such as beta-aminoacid-polymers or reversed polyamides, etc.
  • modified polyethylenes such as PVP etc.
  • modified acrylates such as pDMAEMA etc.
  • modified amidoamines such as pAMAM etc.
  • modified polybetaaminoester PBAE
  • dendrimers such as polypropylamine dendrimers or pAMAM based dendrimers, etc.
  • polyimine(s) such as PEI, poly(propyleneimine), etc.
  • polyallylamine sugar backbone based polymers, such as cyclodextrin based polymers, dextran based polymers, etc.
  • silan backbone based polymers such as PMOXA-PDMS copolymers, etc., blockpolymers consisting of a combination of one or
  • the at least one artificial RNA as defined herein and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed or at least partially complexed with a cationic or polycationic compound and/or a polymeric carrier, preferably cationic proteins or peptides.
  • a cationic or polycationic compound and/or a polymeric carrier, preferably cationic proteins or peptides.
  • the disclosure of WO2010/037539 and WO2012/113513 is incorporated herewith by reference. Partially means that only a part of the artificial nucleic acid is complexed with a cationic compound and that the rest of the artificial nucleic acid is (comprised in the inventive (pharmaceutical) composition) in uncomplexed form (“free”).
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with one or more cationic or polycationic compounds, preferably protamine, and at least one free artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally the further RNA of the second aspect.
  • the at least one artificial RNA as defined herein, and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed, or at least partially complexed with protamine.
  • the molar ratio of the nucleic acid, particularly the RNA of the protamine-complexed RNA to the free RNA may be selected from a molar ratio of about 0.001:1 to about 1:0.001, including a ratio of about 1:1.
  • the complexed RNA is complexed with protamine by addition of protamine-trehalose solution to the RNA sample at a RNA:protamine weight to weight ratio (w/w) of 2:1.
  • cationic or polycationic proteins or peptides that may be used for complexation can be derived from formula (Arg)l;(Lys)m;(His)n;(Orn)o;(Xaa)x of the patent application WO2009/030481 or WO2011/026641, the disclosure of WO2009/030481 or WO2011/026641 relating thereto incorporated herewith by reference.
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed, or at least partially complexed with at least one cationic or polycationic proteins or peptides preferably selected from SEQ ID NOs: 64-67, 21320 or any combinations thereof.
  • composition of the present invention comprises the RNA as defined herein, and a polymeric carrier.
  • polymeric carrier as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and are for example intended to refer to a compound that facilitates transport and/or complexation of another compound (cargo).
  • a polymeric carrier is typically a carrier that is formed of a polymer.
  • a polymeric carrier may be associated to its cargo (nucleic acid, RNA) by covalent or non-covalent interaction.
  • a suitable polymeric carrier may be a polymeric carrier formed by disulfide-crosslinked cationic compounds.
  • the disulfide-crosslinked cationic compounds may be the same or different from each other.
  • the polymeric carrier can also contain further components.
  • the polymeric carrier used according to the present invention may comprise mixtures of cationic peptides, proteins or polymers and optionally further components as defined herein, which are crosslinked by disulfide bonds (via —SH groups).
  • polymeric carriers according to formula ⁇ (Arg)I;(Lys)m;(His)n;(Orn)o;(Xaa′)x(Cys)y ⁇ and formula Cys, ⁇ (Arg);(Lys)m;(His)n;(Orn)o;(Xaa)x ⁇ Cys2 of the patent application WO2012/013326 are preferred, the disclosure of WO2012/013326 relating thereto incorporated herewith by reference.
  • the polymeric carrier used to complex the RNA as defined herein may be derived from a polymeric carrier molecule according formula (L-P 1 -S-[S-P 2 -S] n -S-P 1 -L) of the patent application WO2011/026641, the disclosure of WO2011/026641 relating thereto incorporated herewith by reference.
  • the polymeric carrier compound is formed by, or comprises or consists of the peptide elements CysArg12Cys (SEQ ID NO: 64) or CysArg12 (SEQ ID NO: 65) or TrpArg12Cys (SEQ ID NO: 66).
  • the polymeric carrier compound consists of a (R 12 C)-(R 12 C) dimer, a (WR 12 C)-(WR 12 C) dimer, or a (CR 12 )-(CR 12 C)-(CR 12 ) trimer, wherein the individual peptide elements in the dimer (e.g. (WR 12 C)), or the trimer (e.g. (CR 12 )), are connected via —SH groups.
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and optionally the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed or associated with a polyethylene glycol/peptide polymer comprising HO-PEG5000-S-(S-CHHHHHHRRRRHHHHHHC-S-)7-S-PEG5000-OH (SEQ ID NO: 67 as peptide monomer).
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed or associated with a polyethylene glycol/peptide polymer comprising HO-PEG5000-S-(S-CHHHHHHRRRRHHHHHHC-S-)4-S-PEG5000-OH (SEQ ID NO: 67 as peptide monomer).
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed or associated with a polyethylene glycol/peptide polymer comprising HO-PEG5000-S-(S-CGHHHHHRRRRHHHHHGC-S-)7-S-PEG5000-OH (SEQ ID NO: 21320 as peptide monomer).
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed or associated with a polyethylene glycol/peptide polymer comprising HO-PEG5000-S-(S-CGHHHHHRRRRHHHHHGC-S-)4-S-PEG5000-OH (SEQ ID NO: 21320 as peptide monomer).
  • the composition comprises at least one artificial RNA as described herein, and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect, wherein the at least one artificial RNA and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect, is complexed or associated with polymeric carriers and, optionally, with at least one lipid component as described in the published PCT applications WO2017/212008A1, WO2017/212006A1, WO2017/212007A1, and WO2017/212009A1.
  • the disclosures of WO2017/212008A1, WO2017/212006A1, WO2017/212007A1, and WO2017/212009A1 are herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the polymeric carrier is a peptide polymer, preferably a polyethylene glycol/peptide polymer as defined above, and a lipid component, preferably a lipidoid component, more preferably lipidoid component.
  • the at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed or associated with a polymeric carrier, preferably with a polyethylene glycol/peptide polymer as defined above, and a lipidoid component, wherein the lipidoid component is a compound according to formula A
  • the lipidoid component is 3-C12-OH according to formula B
  • the peptide polymer comprising lipidoid 3-C12-OH as specified above is used to complex the RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect, to form complexes having an N/P ratio from about 0.1 to about 20, or from about 0.2 to about 15, or from about 2 to about 15, or from about 2 to about 12, wherein the N/P ratio is defined as the mole ratio of the nitrogen atoms of the basic groups of the cationic peptide or polymer to the phosphate groups of the artificial nucleic acid.
  • the disclosure of WO2017/212009A1, in particular Claims 1 to 10 of WO2017/212009A1, and the specific disclosure relating thereto is herewith incorporated by reference.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed or associated with one or more lipids (e.g. cationic lipids and/or neutral lipids), thereby forming liposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), lipoplexes, and/or nanoliposomes.
  • lipids e.g. cationic lipids and/or neutral lipids
  • compositions comprising more than one artificial RNA construct as defined herein (e,g, F-del and M2-1), said constructs may be co-formulated in e.g. LNPs to form the respective composition.
  • said more than one artificial RNA constructs may be formulated separately, and may subsequently be combined, to form the respective composition.
  • the terms “complexed” or “associated” refer to the essentially stable combination of artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect, with one or more lipids into larger complexes or assemblies without covalent binding.
  • lipid nanoparticle also referred to as “LNP”
  • LNP lipid nanoparticle
  • a liposome, a lipid complex, a lipoplex and the like are within the scope of a lipid nanoparticle (LNP).
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with one or more lipids thereby forming lipid nanoparticles (LNP).
  • LNP lipid nanoparticles
  • LNPs typically comprise a cationic lipid and one or more excipient selected from neutral lipids, charged lipids, steroids and polymer conjugated lipids (e.g. PEGylated lipid).
  • the RNA may be encapsulated in the lipid portion of the LNP or an aqueous space enveloped by some or the entire lipid portion of the LNP.
  • the RNA or a portion thereof may also be associated and complexed with the LNP.
  • An LNP may comprise any lipid capable of forming a particle to which the nucleic acids are attached, or in which the one or more nucleic acids are encapsulated.
  • the LNP comprising nucleic acids comprises one or more cationic lipids, and one or more stabilizing lipids.
  • Stabilizing lipids include neutral lipids and PEGylated lipids.
  • the cationic lipid of an LNP may be cationisable, i.e. it becomes protonated as the pH is lowered below the pK of the ionizable group of the lipid, but is progressively more neutral at higher pH values. At pH values below the pK, the lipid is then able to associate with negatively charged nucleic acids.
  • the cationic lipid comprises a zwitterionic lipid that assumes a positive charge on pH decrease.
  • the LNP may comprise any further cationic or cationisable lipid, i.e. any of a number of lipid species which carry a net positive charge at a selective pH, such as physiological pH.
  • Such lipids include, but are not limited to, N,N-dioleyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DODAC), N,N-distearyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), 1,2-dioleoyltrimethyl ammonium propane chloride (DOTAP) (also known as N-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride and 1,2-Dioleyloxy-3-trimethylaminopropane chloride salt), N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA), N,N-dimethyl-2,3-dioleyloxy)propylamine (DODMA), 1,2-DiLinoleyloxy-N,N-dimethylaminopropane (DLinDMA), 1,2-Dilinolenyloxy-N
  • the lipid is selected from the group consisting of 98N12-5, C12-200, and ckk-E12.
  • the further cationic lipid is an amino lipid.
  • Representative amino lipids include, but are not limited to, 1,2-dilinoleyoxy-3-(dimethylamino)acetoxypropane (DLin-DAC), 1,2-dilinoleyoxy-3morpholinopropane (DLin-MA), 1,2-dilinoleoyl-3-dimethylaminopropane (DLinDAP), 1,2-dilinoleylthio-3-dimethylaminopropane (DLin-S-DMA), 1-linoleoyl-2-linoleyloxy-3dimethylaminopropane (DLin-2-DMAP), 1,2-dilinoleyloxy-3-trimethylaminopropane chloride salt (DLin-TMA.CI), 1,2-dilinoleoyl-3-trimethylaminopropane chloride salt (DLin-TAP.CI), 1,2-dilinoleyloxy-3-(N-methylpiperazino)propane (DLin-MPZ), 3-(N,Nd
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect may be formulated in an aminoalcohol lipidoid.
  • Aminoalcohol lipidoids which may be used in the present invention may be prepared by the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,450,298, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • Suitable (ionizable) lipids can also be the compounds as disclosed in Tables 1, 2 and 3 and as defined in claims 1-24 of WO2017/075531A1, hereby incorporated by reference.
  • ionizable lipids can also be the compounds as disclosed in WO2015/074085A1 (i.e. ATX-001 to ATX-032 or the compounds as specified in claims 1-26), U.S. Appl. Nos. 61/905,724 and 15/614,499 or U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,593,077 and 9,567,296 hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Ri and R2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 9 carbons, an alkenyl or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 11 carbons, Li and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkylene or alkenylene consisting of 5 to 18 carbons, or forming a heterocycle with N,
  • Xi is a bond, or is —CO—O— whereby -L2-CO—O—R2 is formed, X2 is S or O,
  • L3 is a bond or a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons, or forming a heterocycle with N,
  • R3 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons, and R4 and R 5 are the same or different, each hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be suitably used.
  • suitable cationic lipids can also be the compounds as disclosed in WO2017/117530A1 (i.e. lipids 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or the compounds as specified in the claims), hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • X is a linear or branched alkylene or alkenylene, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic arene or heteroarene;
  • Y is a bond, an ethene, or an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring;
  • Z is S or O;
  • L is a linear or branched alkylene of 1 to 6 carbons
  • R-3 and R4 are independently a linear or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons
  • Ri and R2 are independently a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl of 1 to 20 carbons; r is 0 to 6; and
  • n, p, and q are independently 1 to 18;
  • a lipid may be used derived from formula (X2), wherein, X is a bond, linear or branched alkylene, alkenylene, or monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic arene or heteroarene; Y is a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic arene or heteroarene; Z is S or O; L is a linear or branched alkylene of 1 to 6 carbons; R3 and R4 are independently a linear or branched alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons; Ri and R2 are independently a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl of 1 to 20 carbons; r is 0 to 6; and m, n, p, and q are independently 1 to 18; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be suitably used.
  • formula (X2) wherein, X is a bond, linear or branched alkylene, alkenylene, or monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic arene or heteroa
  • ionizable lipids may also be selected from the lipid compounds disclosed in PCT application PCT/EP2017/077517 (i.e. lipid compounds derived form formula I, II, and III of PCT/EP2017/077517, or lipid compounds as specified in Claims 1 to 12 of PCT/EP2017/077517), the disclosure of PCT/EP2017/077517 hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • lipid compounds disclosed in Table 7 of PCT/EP2017/077517 e.g. lipid compounds derived from formula I-1 to I-41) and lipid compounds disclosed in Table 8 of PCT/EP2017/077517 (e.g.
  • formula I-1 to formula I-41 and formula II-1 to formula I-36 of PCT/EP2017/077517, and the specific disclosure relating thereto, are herewith incorporated by reference.
  • a suitable lipid may be a cationic lipid according to formula (III)
  • R1, R2, R3, L1, L2, G1, G2, and G3 are as below.
  • one of L 1 or L 2 is —O(C ⁇ O)—, —(C ⁇ O)O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, —O—, —S(O)—, —S—S—, —C( ⁇ O)S—, SC( ⁇ O)—, —NR a C( ⁇ O)—, —C( ⁇ O)NR a —, —NR a C( ⁇ O)NR a —, —OC( ⁇ O)NR a — or —NR a C( ⁇ O)O—, and the other of L1 or L 2 is —O(C ⁇ O)—, —(C ⁇ O)O—, —C( ⁇ O)—, —O—, —S(O)—, —S—S—, —C( ⁇ O)S—, SC( ⁇ O)—, —NR a C( ⁇ O)—, —C( ⁇ O)NR a —, —NR a C( ⁇ O)NR
  • G 1 and G 2 are each independently unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkylene or C 1 -C 12 alkenylene;
  • G 3 is C 1 -C 24 alkylene, C 1 -C 24 alkenylene, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkylene, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkenylene;
  • R a is H or C 1 -C 12 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 6 -C 24 alkyl or C 6 -C 24 alkenyl
  • R 3 is H, OR 5 , CN, —C( ⁇ O)OR 4 , —OC( ⁇ O)R 4 or —NR 5 C( ⁇ O)R 4 ;
  • R 4 is C 1 -C 12 alkyl
  • R 5 is H or C 1 -C 12 alkyl
  • x 0, 1 or 2.
  • the lipid has one of the following structures (IIIA) or (IIIB):
  • A is a 3 to 8-membered cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene ring;
  • R 6 is, at each occurrence, independently H, OH or C 1 -C 24 alkyl;
  • n is an integer ranging from 1 to 15.
  • the lipid has structure (IIIA), and in other embodiments, the lipid has structure (IIIB).
  • the lipid has one of the following structures (IIC) or (IIID):
  • y and z are each independently integers ranging from 1 to 12.
  • one of L 1 or L 2 is —O(C ⁇ O)—.
  • each of L 1 and L 2 are —O(C ⁇ O)—.
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently —(C ⁇ O)O— or —O(C ⁇ O)—.
  • each of L 1 and L 2 is —(C ⁇ O)O—.
  • the cationic lipid of the LNP is a compound of formula I, wherein:
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently —O(C ⁇ O)— or (C ⁇ O)—O—;
  • G 3 is C 1 -C 24 alkylene or C 1 -C 24 alkenylene
  • R 3 is H or OR 5 .
  • the lipid has one of the following structures (IIIE) or (IIIF):
  • the lipid has one of the following structures (IIIG), (IIIH),
  • n is an integer ranging from 2 to 12, for example from 2 to 8 or from 2 to 4. In some embodiments, n is 3, 4, 5 or 6. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, n is 4. In some embodiments, n is 5. In some embodiments, n is 6. In some other of the foregoing embodiments of formula (III), y and z are each independently an integer ranging from 2 to 10. For example, in some embodiments, y and z are each independently an integer ranging from 4 to 9 or from 4 to 6. In some of the foregoing embodiments of formula (II), R 6 is H. In other of the foregoing embodiments, R 6 is C 1 -C 24 alkyl.
  • R 6 is OH.
  • G3 is unsubstituted.
  • G3 is substituted.
  • G 3 is linear C 1 -C 24 alkylene or linear C 1 -C 24 alkenylene.
  • R 1 or R 2 is C 6 -C 24 alkenyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 each, independently have the following structure:
  • R 7a and R 7b are, at each occurrence, independently H or C 1 -C 12 alkyl; and a is an integer from 2 to 12, wherein
  • R 7a , R 7b and a are each selected such that R 1 and R 2 each independently comprise from 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • a is an integer ranging from 5 to 9 or from 8 to 12.
  • at least one occurrence of R 7a is H.
  • R 7a is H at each occurrence.
  • at least one occurrence of R 7b is C 1 -C 8 alkyl.
  • C 1 -C 8 alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl or n-octyl.
  • R 1 or R 2 has one of the following structures:
  • the cationic lipid of the LNP is a compound of formula III, wherein:
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently —O(C ⁇ O)— or (C ⁇ O)—O—;
  • R 1 and R 2 each independently have one of the following structures:
  • R 3 is OH, CN, —C( ⁇ O)OR 4 , —OC( ⁇ O)R 4 or —NHC( ⁇ O)R 4 .
  • R 4 is methyl or ethyl.
  • the cationic lipid of the LNP is a compound of formula II, wherein R 3 is OH.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with one or more lipids thereby forming lipid nanoparticles (LNP), wherein the LNP is selected from structures III-1 to III-36 (see Table 8).
  • LNP lipid nanoparticles
  • the LNPs comprise a lipid of formula (III), an artificial RNA of the first aspect, and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect, and one or more excipient selected from neutral lipids, steroids and PEGylated lipids.
  • the lipid of formula (III) is compound III-3.
  • the lipid of formula (III) is compound III-7.
  • the LNP comprises a cationic lipid selected from:
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with one or more lipids thereby forming lipid nanoparticles (LNP), wherein the LNP comprises the following cationic lipid (lipid according to formula III-3 of Table 8):
  • the cationic lipid is present in the LNP in an amount from about 30 to about 70 mole percent. In one embodiment, the cationic lipid is present in the LNP in an amount from about 40 to about 60 mole percent, such as about 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 or 60 mole percent, respectively.
  • the cationic lipid is present in the LNP in an amount from about 47 to about 48 mole percent, such as about 47.0, 47.1, 47.2, 47.3, 47.4, 47.5, 47.6, 47.7, 47.8, 47.9, 50.0 mole percent, respectively, wherein 47.7 mole percent are particularly preferred.
  • the cationic lipid is present in a ratio of from about 20 mol % to about 70 or 75 mol % or from about 45 to about 65 mol % or about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, or about 70 mol % of the total lipid present in the LNP.
  • the LNPs comprise from about 25% to about 75% on a molar basis of cationic lipid, e.g., from about 20 to about 70%, from about 35 to about 65%, from about 45 to about 65%, about 60%, about 57.5%, about 57.1%, about 50% or about 40% on a molar basis (based upon 100% total moles of lipid in the lipid nanoparticle).
  • the ratio of cationic lipid to nucleic acid, preferably to the artificial RNA of the first aspect, and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is from about 3 to about 15, such as from about 5 to about 13 or from about 7 to about 11.
  • the LNP comprises a combination or mixture of any the lipids described above.
  • Suitable (cationic) lipids are disclosed in WO2009/086558, WO2009/127060, WO2010/048536, WO2010/054406, WO2010/088537, WO2010/129709, WO2011/153493, US2011/0256175, US2012/0128760, US2012/0027803, U.S. Pat. No. 8,158,601, WO2016/118724, WO2016/118725, WO2017/070613, WO2017/070620, WO2017/099823, and WO2017/112865.
  • the lipid is selected from the group consisting of 98N12-5, C12-200, and ckk-E12.
  • amino or cationic lipids as defined herein have at least one protonatable or deprotonatable group, such that the lipid is positively charged at a pH at or below physiological pH (e.g. pH 7.4), and neutral at a second pH, preferably at or above physiological pH.
  • physiological pH e.g. pH 7.4
  • second pH preferably at or above physiological pH.
  • the protonatable lipids have a pKa of the protonatable group in the range of about 4 to about 11, e.g., a pKa of about 5 to about 7.
  • LNPs can comprise two or more (different) cationic lipids.
  • the cationic lipids may be selected to contribute different advantageous properties.
  • cationic lipids that differ in properties such as amine pKa, chemical stability, half-life in circulation, half-life in tissue, net accumulation in tissue, or toxicity can be used in the LNP.
  • the cationic lipids can be chosen so that the properties of the mixed-LNP are more desirable than the properties of a single-LNP of individual lipids.
  • the amount of the permanently cationic lipid or lipidoid may be selected taking the amount of the nucleic acid cargo into account. In one embodiment, these amounts are selected such as to result in an N/P ratio of the nanoparticle(s) or of the composition in the range from about 0.1 to about 20.
  • the N/P ratio is defined as the mole ratio of the nitrogen atoms (“N”) of the basic nitrogen-containing groups of the lipid or lipidoid to the phosphate groups (“P”) of the RNA which is used as cargo.
  • the N/P ratio may be calculated on the basis that, for example, 1 ⁇ g RNA typically contains about 3 nmol phosphate residues, provided that the RNA exhibits a statistical distribution of bases.
  • the “N”-value of the lipid or lipidoid may be calculated on the basis of its molecular weight and the relative content of permanently cationic and—if present—cationisable groups.
  • LNP in vivo characteristics and behavior can be modified by addition of a hydrophilic polymer coating, e.g. polyethylene glycol (PEG), to the LNP surface to confer steric stabilization.
  • a hydrophilic polymer coating e.g. polyethylene glycol (PEG)
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • LNPs can be used for specific targeting by attaching ligands (e.g. antibodies, peptides, and carbohydrates) to its surface or to the terminal end of the attached PEG chains (e.g. via PEGylated lipids).
  • the LNPs comprise a polymer conjugated lipid.
  • polymer conjugated lipid refers to a molecule comprising both a lipid portion and a polymer portion.
  • An example of a polymer conjugated lipid is a PEGylated lipid.
  • PEGylated lipid refers to a molecule comprising both a lipid portion and a polyethylene glycol portion. PEGylated lipids are known in the art and include 1-(monomethoxy-polyethyleneglycol)-2,3-dimyristoylglycerol (PEG-s-DMG) and the like.
  • the LNP comprises an additional, stabilizing-lipid which is a polyethylene glycol-lipid (PEGylated lipid).
  • Suitable polyethylene glycol-lipids include PEG-modified phosphatidylethanolamine, PEG-modified phosphatidic acid, PEG-modified ceramides (e.g. PEG-CerC14 or PEG-CerC20), PEG-modified dialkylamines, PEG-modified diacylglycerols, PEG-modified dialkylglycerols.
  • Representative polyethylene glycol-lipids include PEG-c-DOMG, PEG-c-DMA, and PEG-s-DMG.
  • the polyethylene glycol-lipid is N-[(methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)2000)carbamyl]-1,2-dimyristyloxlpropyl-3-amine (PEG-c-DMA). In a preferred embodiment, the polyethylene glycol-lipid is PEG-2000-DMG. In one embodiment, the polyethylene glycol-lipid is PEG-c-DOMG).
  • the LNPs comprise a PEGylated diacylglycerol (PEG-DAG) such as 1-(monomethoxy-polyethyleneglycol)-2,3-dimyristoylglycerol (PEG-DMG), a PEGylated phosphatidylethanoloamine (PEG-PE), a PEG succinate diacylglycerol (PEG-S-DAG) such as 4-O-(2′,3′-di(tetradecanoyloxy)propyl-1-O-(w-methoxy(polyethoxy)ethyl)butanedioate (PEG-S-DMG), a PEGylated ceramide (PEG-cer), or a PEG dialkoxypropylcarbamate such as w-methoxy(polyethoxy)ethyl-N-(2,3di(tetradecanoxy)propyl)carbamate or 2,3-di(PEG-DA
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with one or more lipids thereby forming lipid nanoparticles (LNP), wherein the LNP additionally comprises a PEGylated lipid with the formula (IV):
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl chain is optionally interrupted by one or more ester bonds; and w has mean value ranging from 30 to 60.
  • R 8 and R 9 are not both n-octadecyl when w is 42.
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing from 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing 12 carbon atoms.
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing 14 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, R 8 and R 9 are each independently a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing 16 carbon atoms. In still more embodiments, R 8 and R 9 are each independently a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing 18 carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, R 8 is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing 12 carbon atoms and R 9 is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain containing 14 carbon atoms.
  • w spans a range that is selected such that the PEG portion of the PEGylated lipid according to formula (IV) has an average molecular weight of about 400 to about 6000 g/mol. In some embodiments, the average w is about 50.
  • R 8 and R 9 of the PEGylated lipid according to formula (IV) are saturated alkyl chains.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with one or more lipids thereby forming lipid nanoparticles (LNP), wherein the LNP additionally comprises a PEGylated lipid, wherein the PEG lipid is of formula (IVa)
  • n has a mean value ranging from 30 to 60, such as about 28 to about 32, about 30 to about 34, 32 to about 36, about 34 to about 38, 36 to about 40, about 38 to about 42, 40 to about 44, about 42 to about 46, 44 to about 48, about 46 to about 50, 48 to about 52, about 50 to about 54, 52 to about 56, about 54 to about 58, 56 to about 60, about 58 to about 62.
  • n is about 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54.
  • n has a mean value of 49.
  • the PEGylated lipid has one of the following structures:
  • n is an integer selected such that the average molecular weight of the PEGylated lipid is about 2500 g/mol, most preferably n is about 49.
  • PEG-lipids suitable in that context are provided in US2015/0376115A1 and WO2015/199952, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • LNPs include less than about 3, 2, or 1 mole percent of PEG or PEG-modified lipid, based on the total moles of lipid in the LNP.
  • LNPs comprise from about 0.1% to about 20% of the PEG-modified lipid on a molar basis, e.g., about 0.5 to about 10%, about 0.5 to about 5%. about 10%. about 5%, about 3.5%, about 3%, about 2.5%, about 2%, about 1.5%, about 1%, about 0.5%, or about 0.3% on a molar basis (based on 100% total moles of lipids in the LNP).
  • LNPs comprise from about 1.0% to about 2.0% of the PEG-modified lipid on a molar basis, e.g., about 1.2 to about 1.9%, about 1.2 to about 1.8%, about 1.3 to about 1.8%, about 1.4 to about 1.8%, about 1.5 to about 1.8%, about 1.6 to about 1.8%, in particular about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, most preferably 1.7% (based on 100% total moles of lipids in the LNP).
  • the molar ratio of the cationic lipid to the PEGylated lipid ranges from about 100:1 to about 25:1.
  • the LNP additionally comprises one or more additional lipids which stabilize the formation of particles during their formation (e.g. neutral lipid and/or one or more steroid or steroid analogue).
  • additional lipids which stabilize the formation of particles during their formation (e.g. neutral lipid and/or one or more steroid or steroid analogue).
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with one or more lipids thereby forming lipid nanoparticles (LNP), wherein the LNP additionally comprises one or more neutral lipid and/or one or more steroid or steroid analogue.
  • LNP lipid nanoparticles
  • Suitable stabilizing lipids include neutral lipids and anionic lipids.
  • neutral lipid refers to any one of a number of lipid species that exist in either an uncharged or neutral zwitterionic form at physiological pH.
  • Representative neutral lipids include diacylphosphatidylcholines, diacylphosphatidylethanolamines, ceramides, sphingomyelins, dihydro sphingomyelins, cephalins, and cerebrosides.
  • the LNP additionally comprises one or more neutral lipids, wherein the neutral lipid is selected from the group comprising distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1carboxylate (DOPE-mal), dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DPPE), dimyristoylphosphoethanolamine (DM)
  • the LNPs comprise a neutral lipid selected from DSPC, DPPC, DMPC, DOPC, POPC, DOPE and SM.
  • the molar ratio of the cationic lipid to the neutral lipid ranges from about 2:1 to about 8:1.
  • the neutral lipid is 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC).
  • DSPC 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  • the steroid is cholesterol.
  • the molar ratio of the cationic lipid to cholesterol may be in the range from about 2:1 to 1:1.
  • the sterol can be about 10 mol % to about 60 mol % or about 25 mol % to about 40 mol % of the lipid particle. In one embodiment, the sterol is about 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or about 60 mol % of the total lipid present in the lipid particle. In another embodiment, the LNPs include from about 5% to about 50% on a molar basis of the sterol, e.g., about 15% to about 45%, about 20% to about 40%, about 48%, about 40%, about 38.5%, about 35%, about 34.4%, about 31.5% or about 31% on a molar basis (based upon 100% total moles of lipid in the lipid nanoparticle).
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise: (a) at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect, and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect, (b) a cationic lipid, (c) an aggregation reducing agent (such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid or PEG-modified lipid), (d) optionally a non-cationic lipid (such as a neutral lipid), and (e) optionally, a sterol.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise: (a) at least one artificial RNA encoding F of the first aspect or a derivative or fragment thereof and at least one artificial RNA encoding N, M, P, or M2-1 of the second aspect or a derivative or fragment thereof, (b) a cationic lipid, (c) an aggregation reducing agent (such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid or PEG-modified lipid), (d) optionally a non-cationic lipid (such as a neutral lipid), and (e) optionally, a sterol.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the LNPs comprise a lipid of formula (III), an artificial RNA as defined herein, a neutral lipid, a steroid and a PEGylated lipid.
  • the lipid of formula (III) is lipid compound III-3
  • the neutral lipid is DSPC
  • the steroid is cholesterol
  • the PEGylated lipid is the compound of formula (IVa).
  • the LNP consists essentially of (i) at least one cationic lipid; (ii) a neutral lipid; (iii) a sterol, e.g., cholesterol; and (iv) a PEG-lipid, e.g. PEG-DMG or PEG-cDMA, in a molar ratio of about 20-60% cationic lipid: 5-25% neutral lipid: 25-55% sterol; 0.5-15% PEG-lipid.
  • a PEG-lipid e.g. PEG-DMG or PEG-cDMA
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect is complexed with one or more lipids thereby forming lipid nanoparticles (LNP), wherein the LNP essentially consists of
  • At least one cationic lipid as defined herein preferably a lipid of formula (III), more preferably lipid III-3;
  • a neutral lipid as defined herein, preferably 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC);
  • a steroid or steroid analogue as defined herein, preferably cholesterol; and
  • a PEG-lipid as defined herein, e.g.
  • PEG-DMG or PEG-cDMA preferably a PEGylated lipid of formula (IVa), wherein (i) to (iv) are in a molar ratio of about 20-60% cationic lipid: 5-25% neutral lipid: 25-55% sterol; 0.5-15% PEG-lipid.
  • the lipid nanoparticle comprises: a cationic lipid with formula (III) and/or PEG lipid with formula (IV), optionally a neutral lipid, preferably 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and optionally a steroid, preferably cholesterol, wherein the molar ratio of the cationic lipid to DSPC is optionally in the range from about 2:1 to 8:1, wherein the molar ratio of the cationic lipid to cholesterol is optionally in the range from about 2:1 to 1:1.
  • a neutral lipid preferably 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and optionally a steroid, preferably cholesterol
  • LNPs lipid nanoparticles
  • the composition of the second aspect comprises lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which have a molar ratio of approximately 50:10:38.5:1.5, preferably 47.5:10:40.8:1.7 or more preferably 47.4:10:40.9:1.7 (i.e.
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise at least one RNA encoding F (F0, F-del, F0_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F_DSCav1_mut0, F_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut4, F-del_DSCav1_mut4, F_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F_DSCav1_mut6, F-del
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise at least one RNA encoding M, N, M2-1, or P.
  • the composition of the second aspect comprises lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which have a molar ratio of approximately 50:10:38.5:1.5, preferably 47.5:10:40.8:1.7 or more preferably 47.4:10:40.9:1.7 (i.e.
  • lipid nanoparticles comprise at least one RNA encoding F (F0, F-del, F0_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F_DSCav1_mut0, F_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut4, F-del_DSCav1_mut4, F_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F_DSCav1_mut6, F-del
  • the total amount of RNA in the lipid nanoparticles may vary and is defined depending on the e.g. RNA to total lipid w/w ratio.
  • the artificial RNA to total lipid ratio is less than 0.06 w/w, preferably between 0.03 w/w and 0.04 w/w.
  • the LNP as defined herein have a mean diameter of from about 50 nm to about 200 nm, from about 60 nm to about 200 nm, from about 70 nm to about 200 nm, from about 80 nm to about 200 nm, from about 90 nm to about 200 nm, from about 90 nm to about 190 nm, from about 90 nm to about 180 nm, from about 90 nm to about 170 nm, from about 90 nm to about 160 nm, from about 90 nm to about 150 nm, from about 90 nm to about 140 nm, from about 90 nm to about 130 nm, from about 90 nm to about 120 nm, from about 90 nm to about 100 nm, from about 70 nm to about 90 nm, from about 80 nm to about 90 nm, from about 70 nm to about 80 nm, or about 30 nm, 35 nm, 40
  • the lipid nanoparticles have a hydrodynamic diameter in the range from about 50 nm to about 300 nm, or from about 60 nm to about 250 nm, from about 60 nm to about 150 nm, or from about 60 nm to about 120 nm, respectively.
  • the composition of the second aspect may comprise at least one adjuvant.
  • the adjuvant is preferably added to enhance the immunostimulatory properties of the composition.
  • adjuvant as used herein will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to refer to a pharmacological and/or immunological agent that may modify, e.g. enhance, the effect of other agents (herein: the effect of the artificial nucleic acid of the invention) or that may be suitable to support administration and delivery of the composition.
  • adjuvant refers to a broad spectrum of substances. Typically, these substances are able to increase the immunogenicity of antigens.
  • adjuvants may be recognized by the innate immune systems and, e.g., may elicit an innate immune response (that is, a non-specific immune response). “Adjuvants” typically do not elicit an adaptive immune response. In the context of the invention, adjuvants may enhance the effect of the antigenic peptide or protein provided by the artificial nucleic acid as defined herein or the polyprotein as defined herein.
  • the at least one adjuvant may be selected from any adjuvant known to a skilled person and suitable for the present case, i.e. supporting the induction of an immune response in a subject, e.g. in a human subject.
  • composition of the second aspect may comprise at least one adjuvant, wherein the at least one adjuvant may be suitably selected from any adjuvant provided in of published PCT application WO2016/203025.
  • Adjuvants disclosed in any of the claims 2 to 17 of WO2016/203025, preferably adjuvants disclosed in claim 17 of WO2016/203025 are particularly suitable, the specific content relating thereto herewith incorporated by reference.
  • composition of the second aspect may comprise, besides the components specified herein, at least one further component which may be selected from the group consisting of further antigens (e.g. in the form of a peptide or protein) or further antigen-encoding nucleic acids; a further immunotherapeutic agent; one or more auxiliary substances (cytokines, such as monokines, lymphokines, interleukins or chemokines); or any further compound, which is known to be immune stimulating due to its binding affinity (as ligands) to human Toll-like receptors; and/or an adjuvant nucleic acid, preferably an immunostimulatory RNA (isRNA), e.g. CpG-RNA etc.
  • further antigens e.g. in the form of a peptide or protein
  • further immunotherapeutic agent e.g. in the form of a peptide or protein
  • auxiliary substances such as monokines, lymphokines, interleukins or chemokines
  • an adjuvant nucleic acid
  • the present invention provides a polypeptide, preferably an antigenic polypeptide, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence or a fragment thereof encoded by the artificial RNA of the first aspect.
  • the polypeptide has an amino acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 68, 483, 898, 1267, 1636, 2005, 2374, 2743, 3112, 3481, 3850, 4219, 4588, 4957, 5326, 5695, 6064, 6433, 6802, 7171, 7540, 7909, 11726, 12095, 12464, 12833, 13940, 14309, 14678, 15047, 15416, 15785, 13202, 13571, 16154, 16523, 16892, 17261, 17630, 17999, 18368, 18737, 19106, 19475 or a variant of any of these polypeptides.
  • the polypeptide has an amino acid sequence which is identical or at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NOs: 1267, 2005, 2743, 3481, 4219, 4957, 5695, 6433, 7171, 7909, 12833, 14309, 15047, 15785, 13571, 16523, 17261, 17999, 18737, 19475 or a variant of any of these polypeptides.
  • the invention relates to an immunogenic composition, comprising the polypeptide of the third aspect.
  • the composition of the fourth aspect may additionally comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as defined herein.
  • the composition of the fourth aspect may additionally comprise at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, at least one further artificial RNA of the second aspect, or an RNA composition of the second aspect.
  • compositions of the second aspect or the vaccine of the fifth aspect may likewise be read on and be understood as suitable embodiments of the composition of the fourth aspect.
  • the present invention provides a vaccine wherein the vaccine comprises the RNA of the first aspect, and, optionally, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, or the composition of the fourth aspect.
  • embodiments relating to the composition of the second aspect or the composition of the fourth aspect may likewise be read on and be understood as suitable embodiments of the vaccine of the fifth aspect.
  • embodiments relating to the vaccine of the fifth aspect may likewise be read on and be understood as suitable embodiments of the composition of the second aspect (comprising the RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect) or the composition of the fourth aspect (comprising the polypeptide of the third aspect).
  • the term “vaccine” will be recognized and understood by the person of ordinary skill in the art, and is for example intended to be a prophylactic or therapeutic material providing at least one epitope or antigen, preferably an immunogen.
  • the antigen or antigenic function is provided by the inventive RNA of the first aspect (said RNA comprising a coding sequence encoding a antigenic peptide or protein derived from RSV F protein), the composition of the second aspect (comprising the RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect), the polypeptide of the third aspect, or the composition of the fourth aspect (comprising said polypeptide).
  • the vaccine comprises the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect (comprising the RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further artificial RNA of the second aspect), the polypeptide of the third aspect, or the composition of the fourth aspect wherein said RNA, said composition of the second aspect, said polypeptide, or said composition of the fourth aspect (comprising said polypeptide) elicits an adaptive immune response.
  • the vaccine comprises the RNA of the first aspect or the composition of the second aspect wherein said RNA or said composition elicits an adaptive immune response, preferably an adaptive immune response against RSV.
  • the vaccine comprises the RNA of the first aspect or the composition of the second aspect wherein said RNA or said composition induces a T cell immune response
  • the vaccine as defined herein may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally at least one adjuvant as specified in the context of the second aspect.
  • Suitable adjuvants in that context may be selected from adjuvants disclosed in claim 17 of WO2016/203025.
  • the vaccine is a monovalent vaccine.
  • the vaccine is a polyvalent vaccine comprising a plurality or at least more than one of the artificial RNAs as defined in the context of the first aspect, and, optionally, at least more than one of the further artificial RNAs as defined in the context of the second aspect.
  • Embodiments relating to a polyvalent composition as disclosed in the context of the second aspect may likewise be read on and be understood as suitable embodiments of the polyvalent vaccine of the fifth aspect.
  • the vaccine of the fifth aspect typically comprises a safe and effective amount of the RNA of the first aspect and, optionally, the further RNA of the second aspect.
  • safe and effective amount means an amount of the RNA that is sufficient to significantly induce a positive modification of a disease or disorder related to an infection with a RSV.
  • a “safe and effective amount” is small enough to avoid serious side-effects.
  • the expression “safe and effective amount” preferably means an amount of the RNA that is suitable for stimulating the adaptive immune system in such a manner that no excessive or damaging immune reactions are achieved but, preferably, also no such immune reactions below a measurable level.
  • a “safe and effective amount” of the RNA of the composition or vaccine as defined above will furthermore vary in connection with the particular condition to be treated and also with the age and physical condition of the patient to be treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of the treatment, the nature of the accompanying therapy, of the particular pharmaceutically acceptable carrier used, and similar factors, within the knowledge and experience of the accompanying medical doctor.
  • the “safe and effective amount” of the RNA, the composition, the vaccine may depend from application route (intradermal, intramuscular), application device (jet injection, needle injection, microneedle patch) and/or complexation (protamine complexation or LNP encapsulation).
  • the “safe and effective amount” of the artificial RNA, the composition, the vaccine may depend from the condition of the treated subject (infant, pregnant women, immunocompromised human subject etc.). Accordingly, the suitable “safe and effective amount” has to be adapted accordingly and will be chosen and defined by the skilled person.
  • the vaccine can be used according to the invention for human medical purposes and also for veterinary medical purposes (mammals, vertebrates, avian species), as a pharmaceutical composition, or as a vaccine.
  • the RNA, the composition (comprising said RNA and, optionally, a further RNA), the polypeptide, the composition (comprising said polypeptide), or the vaccine is provided in lyophilized form (using e.g. lyophilisation methods as described in WO2016/165831, WO2011/069586, WO2016/184575 or WO2016/184576).
  • the lyophilized RNA, the lyophilized composition, the lyophilized polypeptide, the lyophilized composition comprising the polypeptide, or the lyophilized vaccine is reconstituted in a suitable buffer, advantageously based on an aqueous carrier, prior to administration, e.g. Ringer-Lactate solution or a phosphate buffer solution.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as used herein preferably includes the liquid or non-liquid basis of the inventive vaccine.
  • the carrier will be water, typically pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline or buffered (aqueous) solutions, e.g. phosphate, citrate etc. buffered solutions.
  • Ringer-Lactate solution is used as a liquid basis for the vaccine or the composition according to the invention as described in WO2006/122828, the disclosure relating to suitable buffered solutions incorporated herewith by reference.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as defined herein is determined, in principle, by the manner, in which the pharmaceutical composition(s) or vaccine according to the invention is administered.
  • the vaccine can be administered, for example, systemically or locally.
  • Routes for systemic administration in general include, for example, transdermal, oral, parenteral routes, including subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intradermal and intraperitoneal injections and/or intranasal administration routes.
  • Routes for local administration in general include, for example, topical administration routes but also intradermal, transdermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular injections or intralesional, intracranial, intrapulmonal, intracardial, intraarticular and sublingual injections.
  • composition or vaccines according to the present invention may be administered by an intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular route, preferably by injection, which may be needle-free and/or needle injection.
  • Compositions/vaccines are therefore preferably formulated in liquid or solid form.
  • the suitable amount of the vaccine or composition according to the invention to be administered can be determined by routine experiments, e.g. by using animal models. Such models include, without implying any limitation, rabbit, sheep, mouse, rat, dog and non-human primate models.
  • Preferred unit dose forms for injection include sterile solutions of water, physiological saline or mixtures thereof. The pH of such solutions should be adjusted to about 7.4.
  • Suitable carriers for injection include hydrogels, devices for controlled or delayed release, polylactic acid and collagen matrices.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for topical application include those which are suitable for use in lotions, creams, gels and the like. If the inventive compositionor vaccine is to be administered perorally, tablets, capsules and the like are the preferred unit dose form.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for the preparation of unit dose forms which can be used for oral administration are well known in the prior art. The choice thereof will depend on secondary considerations such as taste, costs and storability, which are not critical for the purposes of the present invention, and can be made without difficulty by a person skilled in the art.
  • inventive vaccine or composition as defined herein can additionally contain one or more auxiliary substances as defined above in order to further increase the immunogenicity.
  • Such immunogenicity increasing agents or compounds may be provided separately (not co-formulated with the inventive vaccine or composition) and administered individually.
  • emulsifiers such as for example, Tween
  • wetting agents such as, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate
  • colouring agents such as, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate
  • taste-imparting agents pharmaceutical carriers
  • tablet-forming agents such as, for example, stabilizers; antioxidants; preservatives.
  • the present invention provides a kit or kit of parts, wherein the kit or kit of parts comprises the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect (comprising said RNA), the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect (comprising said polypeptide), and/or the vaccine of the fifth aspect, optionally comprising a liquid vehicle for solubilising, and optionally technical instructions providing information on administration and dosage of the components.
  • the kit of the sixth aspect comprises at least the following components
  • the kit of the sixth aspect comprises at least the following components
  • components a), b) and c) are provided as separate entities or as a single entity.
  • the kit of the sixth aspect comprises at least the following components
  • components a), b), c) and d) are provided as separate entities or as a single entity.
  • the kit may further comprise additional components as described in the context of the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, and/or the vaccine of the fifth aspect.
  • kits may contain information about administration and dosage and patient groups.
  • kits preferably kits of parts, may be applied e.g. for any of the applications or uses mentioned herein, preferably for the use of the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, or the vaccine of the fifth aspect, for the treatment or prophylaxis of an infection or diseases caused by RSV or disorders related thereto.
  • the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, or the vaccine of the fifth aspect is provided in a separate part of the kit, wherein the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, or the vaccine of the fifth aspect is preferably lyophilised.
  • the kit may further contain as a part a vehicle (e.g. buffer solution) for solubilising the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition fourth aspect, or the vaccine of the fifth aspect.
  • a vehicle e.g. buffer solution
  • kit or kit of parts as defined herein comprises Ringer lactate solution.
  • any of the above kits may be used in a treatment or prophylaxis as defined herein. More preferably, any of the above kits may be used as a vaccine, preferably a vaccine against infections caused by RSV as defined herein.
  • the present invention relates to the first medical use of the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect.
  • RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect is for use as a medicament.
  • the present invention furthermore provides several applications and uses of the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect.
  • RNA, composition (comprising said RNA), polypeptide, composition (comprising said polypeptide), vaccine, or the kit or kit of parts may be used for human medical purposes and also for veterinary medical purposes, preferably for human medical purposes.
  • said RNA, composition (comprising said RNA), polypeptide, composition (comprising said polypeptide), vaccine, or the kit or kit of parts may is for use as a medicament for human medical purposes, wherein said RNA, composition (comprising said RNA), polypeptide, composition (comprising said polypeptide), vaccine, or the kit or kit of parts may be particularly suitable for young infants, newborns, immunocompromised recipients, as well as pregnant and breast-feeding women and elderly people.
  • the present invention relates to the second medical use of the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect.
  • the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect is for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of an infection with a pathogen (e.g. a virus), in particular with Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or a disorder related to such an infection.
  • a pathogen e.g. a virus
  • RSV Respiratory syncytial virus
  • RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect may be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of an infection with a virus, in particular with RSV, or a disorder related to such an infection for human and also for veterinary medical purposes, preferably for human medical purposes.
  • RNA, composition (comprising said RNA), polypeptide, composition (comprising said polypeptide), vaccine, or the kit or kit of parts may be particularly suitable for young infants, newborns, immunocompromised recipients, as well as pregnant and breast-feeding women and elderly people for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of an infection with RSV.
  • a disorder related to a RSV infection may preferably comprise a typical symptom or a complication of an RSV infection.
  • the artificial RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect may be used in a method of prophylactic (pre-exposure prophylaxis or post-exposure prophylaxis) and/or therapeutic treatment of infections caused by RSV.
  • composition or the vaccine as defined herein may preferably be administered locally.
  • composition or vaccines may be administered by an intradermal, subcutaneous, intranasal, or intramuscular route.
  • inventive compositions or vaccines of the invention are therefore preferably formulated in liquid (or sometimes in solid) form.
  • the inventive vaccine may be administered by conventional needle injection or needle-free jet injection.
  • Preferred in that context is the RNA, the composition, the vaccine is administered by intramuscular needle injection.
  • jet injection refers to a needle-free injection method, wherein a fluid (vaccine, composition of the invention) containing e.g. at least one RNA of the first aspect is forced through an orifice, thus generating an ultra-fine liquid stream of high pressure that is capable of penetrating mammalian skin and, depending on the injection settings, subcutaneous tissue or muscle tissue.
  • the liquid stream perforates the skin, through which the liquid stream is pushed into the target tissue.
  • jet injection is used for intradermal, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of the RNA, the compositions, the vaccines disclosed herein.
  • the RNA as comprised in a composition or vaccine as defined herein is provided in an amount of about 100 ng to about 500 ⁇ g, in an amount of about 1 ⁇ g to about 200 ⁇ g, in an amount of about 1 ⁇ g to about 100 ⁇ g, in an amount of about 5 ⁇ g to about 100 ⁇ g, preferably in an amount of about 10 ⁇ g to about 50 ⁇ g, specifically, in an amount of about 5 ⁇ g, 10 ⁇ g, 15 ⁇ g, 20 ⁇ g, 25 ⁇ g, 30 ⁇ g, 35 ⁇ g, 40 ⁇ g, 45 ⁇ g, 50 ⁇ g, 55 ⁇ g, 60 ⁇ g, 65 ⁇ g, 70 ⁇ g, 75 ⁇ g, 80 ⁇ g, 85 ⁇ g, 90 ⁇ g, 95 ⁇ g or 100 ⁇ g.
  • the suitable amount has to be adapted accordingly and will be chosen and defined by the skilled person.
  • the immunization protocol for the treatment or prophylaxis of an infection as defined herein typically comprises a series of single doses or dosages of the composition or the vaccine.
  • a single dosage refers to the initial/first dose, a second dose or any further doses, respectively, which are preferably administered in order to “boost” the immune reaction.
  • the immunization protocol for the treatment or prophylaxis of an infection as defined herein i.e. the immunization of a subject against a RSV, comprises one single doses of the composition or the vaccine.
  • the immunization protocol for the prophylaxis of an infection with RSV comprises at least one single dose of the composition or the vaccine as defined herein, wherein said at least one single dose is administered to a pregnant women for maternal immunization, thereby achieving immunization of the unborn child and/or wherein said at least one single dose is administered to a breast-feeding women for thereby achieving passive immunization of the breast-fed child.
  • the treatment or prophylaxis as defined above may comprise the administration of a further active pharmaceutical ingredient.
  • a polypeptide preferably of the third aspect may be co-administered as a further active pharmaceutical ingredient.
  • At least one RSV protein or peptide as described herein, or a fragment or variant thereof may be co-administered in order to induce or enhance an immune response.
  • two distinct artificial RNAs of the first aspect and, optionally further RNAs of the second aspect may be administered at different time points, preferably in a prime-boost scenario, e.g. using a composition comprising at least one RSV polypeptide as prime vaccination and a composition/vaccine comprising at least one artificial RNA of the first aspect as boost vaccination.
  • the treatment or prophylaxis as defined above comprises the administration of a further active pharmaceutical ingredient, wherein the further active pharmaceutical ingredient may be an immunotherapeutic agent that can be selected from immunoglobulins, preferably IgGs, monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies, polyclonal serum or sera, etc., most preferably immunoglobulins directed against a RSV protein or peptide as defined herein.
  • a further immunotherapeutic agent may be provided as a peptide/protein or may be encoded by a nucleic acid, preferably by a DNA or an RNA, more preferably an mRNA.
  • Such an immunotherapeutic agent allows providing passive vaccination additional to active vaccination triggered by the inventive artificial RNA or by the inventive polypeptide.
  • the present invention relates to a method of treating or preventing a disorder.
  • the present invention relates to a method of treating or preventing a disorder, wherein the method comprises applying or administering to a subject in need thereof the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect.
  • the disorder is an infection with Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or a disorder related to such an infection.
  • RSV Respiratory syncytial virus
  • the present invention relates to a method of treating or preventing a disorder, wherein the method comprises applying or administering to a subject in need thereof the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect, wherein the subject in need is preferably a mammalian subject.
  • the mammalian subject is a human subject, particularly an infant, a newborn, a pregnant women, a breast-feeding woman, an elderly, or an immunocompromised human subject.
  • such a method may preferably comprise the steps of:
  • the present invention also provides a method for expression of at least one polypeptide comprising at least one peptide or protein derived from a RSV, or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein the method preferably comprises the following steps:
  • the method may be applied for laboratory, for research, for diagnostic, for commercial production of peptides or proteins and/or for therapeutic purposes.
  • the method may furthermore be carried out in the context of the treatment of a specific disease, particularly in the treatment of infectious diseases, particularly RSV infections.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the artificial RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect preferably for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, e.g. for expression of an encoded RSV antigenic peptide or protein, e.g. by applying or administering said RNA, composition comprising said RNA, vaccine comprising said RNA, e.g. to a cell-free expression system, a cell (e.g. an expression host cell or a somatic cell), a tissue or an organism.
  • a cell e.g. an expression host cell or a somatic cell
  • applying or administering said RNA, composition comprising said RNA, vaccine comprising said RNA to a tissue or an organism is followed by e.g. a step of obtaining induced RSV F antibodies e.g. RSV F specific (monoclonal) antibodies.
  • the use may be applied for a (diagnostic) laboratory, for research, for diagnostics, for commercial production of peptides, proteins, or RSV antibodies and/or for therapeutic purposes.
  • the use may be carried out in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo.
  • the use may furthermore be carried out in the context of the treatment of a specific disease, particularly in the treatment of an RSV infection or a related disorder.
  • the invention provides the RNA of the first aspect, the composition of the second aspect, the polypeptide of the third aspect, the composition of the fourth aspect, the vaccine of the fifth aspect, or the kit or kit of parts of the sixth aspect for use as a medicament, for use in treatment or prophylaxis, preferably treatment or prophylaxis of an RSV infection or a related disorder, or for use as a vaccine.
  • Table 3A Preferred coding sequences encoding RSV F (columns A-J), derived from HRSV(A2)
  • Table 3B Preferred coding sequences encoding RSV F (columns A-J), derived from HRSV(Memphis-37)
  • Table 4A Preferred coding sequences encoding RSV F (columns K-V), derived from HRSV(A2)
  • Table 4B Preferred coding sequences encoding RSV F (columns K-V), derived from HRSV(Memphis-37)
  • Table 5A Preferred mRNA constructs encoding RSV F (columns A-J), derived from HRSV(A2)
  • Table 5B Preferred mRNA constructs encoding RSV F (columns A-J), derived from HRSV(Memphis-37)
  • Table 6A Preferred mRNA constructs encoding RSV F (column K-V), derived from HRSV(A2)
  • Table 6B Preferred mRNA constructs encoding RSV F (column K-V), derived from HRSV(Memphis-37)
  • Table 7A Preferred further coding sequences and mRNA constructs of the composition or vaccine
  • Table 18 Animal groups and vaccination schedule of Example 10 (see Examples section)
  • FIG. 1 shows that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding RSV F-protein (F-del_DSCav1) induces high virus neutralization titers (VNTs) in serum of cotton rats after i.m. and i.d. vaccinations. Vaccination with protamine-formulated mRNA induces only weak responses. Vaccination schedule see Table 10. Further details are provided in Example 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding RSV F-protein (F-del_DSCav1) reduces RSV infection of the lung in cotton rats after i.m. and i.d. vaccination.
  • Vaccination schedule see Table 10. Further details are provided in Example 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows the results of a lung histopathology analysis from the RSV cotton rat challenge study described in Example 2.
  • Animals vaccinated with LNP-formulated mRNA do not show increased lung histopathology/enhanced inflammation after viral challenge in contrast to the vaccination with formalin-inactivated RSV virus vaccine.
  • Vaccination schedule see Table 10. Further details are provided in Example 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding RSV F-protein (F0, F-del, and F-del_DSCav1) induces high (virus neutralization titers) VNTs in the serum of cotton rats after two i.m. vaccinations. VNTs determined performed on day 48. Vaccination schedule see Table 11. Further details are provided in Example 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding RSV F-protein (F0, F-del, and F-del_DSCav1) induces specific humoral immune responses in cotton rats against the RSV-F protein.
  • the experiment was performed as described in Example 3 and antibody total IgG titers were determined by ELISA.
  • RSV-F (formulated in LNP) and RSV-F-del (formulated in LNP) vaccines induce higher titers of RSV-F specific IgGs already after prime vaccination (day 28) than live virus.
  • FIG. 5 a Antibody titers determined on day 49
  • FIGS. 5 b and 5 c time-dependent IgG titers in serum with 10 ⁇ g mRNA ( FIG. 5 b ) or 100 ⁇ g mRNA ( FIG. 5 c ) encoding RSV F-protein (F, F-del, and F-del_DSCav1).
  • Vaccination schedule see Table 11. Further details are
  • FIG. 6 shows that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding RSV F-protein (F0, F-del, and F-del_DSCav1) reduces RSV infection of the lung in cotton rats after i.m. vaccination.
  • the experiment was performed as described in Example 3. All animal groups vaccinated with mRNA vaccines showed virus titers below the level of detection demonstrating protection of vaccinated cotton rats in terms of viral lung titers. In comparison to the mRNA vaccines the vaccine based on formalin-inactivated virus was not able to prevent virus titers in the lung. Vaccination schedule see Table 11. Further details are provided in Example 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding RSV F-protein (F0, F-del, and F-del_DSCav1) reduces RSV titers in the nose of cotton rats after i.m. vaccination.
  • the experiment was performed as described in Example 3. All animal groups vaccinated with mRNA vaccines show strongly reduced viral titers in the nasal tissue in viral challenge infection experiments. In comparison to the mRNA vaccines the vaccine based on formalin-inactivated virus was not able to reduce nasal virus titers. Vaccination schedule see Table 11. Further details are provided in Example 3.
  • FIG. 8 shows the results of a lung histopathology analysis from the RSV cotton rat challenge study described in Example 3.
  • Animals vaccinated with LNP-formulated mRNA do not show increased lung histopathology/enhanced inflammation after viral challenge in contrast to the vaccination with formalin-inactivated RSV virus vaccine.
  • Vaccination schedule see Table 11. Further details are provided in Example 3.
  • FIG. 9 shows that UTR combinations according to the invention increase the expression of RSV F-Protein in vitro.
  • HEK 293T cells were transfected with different Lipofectamine-formulated mRNA constructs, which all contain the same coding sequence encoding pre-fusion stabilized truncated RSV-F (F-del_DSCav1) but use different combinations of 5′ and 3′-UTRs (see Table 12).
  • FIG. 10 shows that the used mRNA constructs encoding RSV F-protein ( FIG. 10 a : F0, F-del, F0_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, FIG.
  • FIG. 11 shows that all tested LNP-formulated mRNA constructs encoding different RSV F proteins (F0, F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) induce humoral immune responses in cotton rats against the RSV-F protein.
  • Antibody total IgG titers were determined by ELISA. Vaccination schedule see Table 17. Further details are provided in Example 9.
  • FIG. 12 shows that all LNP-formulated RSV-F (F0, F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) mRNA vaccines induced the formation of RSV specific functional antibodies in cotton rats as shown by high virus neutralizing antibody titers. Vaccination schedule see Table 17. Further details are provided in Example 9.
  • FIG. 13 shows the lung histopathology analysis from the RSV cotton rat challenge study. None of the mRNA vaccinated groups displayed enhanced lung pathology as it is the case for the group that was vaccinated using the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine Vaccination schedule see Table 17. Further details are provided in Example 9.
  • FIG. 14 shows the results of the analysis of lung viral titers ( FIG. 14 a ) and of nose viral titers ( FIG. 14 b ) in cotton rats challenged with RSV virus. Vaccination schedule see Table 17. Further details are provided in Example 9.
  • FIG. 15 shows that all tested LNP-formulated mRNA constructs encoding different RSV F proteins (F-del, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut4) induce humoral immune responses in cotton rats against the RSV-F protein.
  • Antibody total IgG titers were determined by ELISA. Vaccination schedule see Table 18. Further details are provided in Example 10.
  • FIG. 16 shows that all LNP-formulated RSV-F (F-del, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut4) mRNA vaccines induced the formation of RSV specific functional antibodies in cotton rats as shown by high virus neutralizing antibody titers.
  • the LNP-formulated constructs for pre-fusion stabilization induce higher or comparable responses than F-del. Vaccination schedule see Table 18. Further details are provided in Example 10.
  • FIG. 17 shows the lung histopathology analysis from the RSV cotton rat challenge study. None of the mRNA vaccinated groups displayed enhanced lung pathology as it is the case for the group that was vaccinated using the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine Vaccination schedule see Table 18. Further details are provided in Example 10.
  • FIG. 18 shows the results of the analysis of lung viral titers ( FIG. 18 a ) and of nose viral titers ( FIG. 18 b ) in cotton rats challenged with RSV virus. Vaccination schedule see Table 18. Further details are provided in Example 10.
  • FIG. 19 shows that the used mRNA constructs coding for RSV matrix protein M, phosphoprotein P, nucleoprotein N and matrix protein M2-1 protein led to a detectable protein expression using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Further details are provided in Table 19 and Example 11.
  • FIG. 20 shows the results of the immunogenicity study in mice (ELISA).
  • the humoral immune responses can be seen in FIG. 20 a : anti-RSV F IgG and in FIG. 20 b : anti-RSV F IgG2a. All groups induced humoral immune responses.
  • the IgG2a titers are 10 times higher than the IgG1 titers, indicating a predominant Th1 response.
  • Vaccination schedule see Table 20. Further details are provided in Example 12.
  • FIG. 21 shows that specific antigen IgGs were detected in sera of immunized mice indicating that the applied mRNA constructs are suitable to induce specific humoral immune responses.
  • Vaccination schedule see Table 20. Further details are provided in Example 12.
  • FIG. 22 shows that all LNP-formulated mRNA vaccines (F, M+F, P+F, N+F, M2-1+F) induced the formation of RSV specific functional antibodies in mice as shown by high virus neutralizing antibody titers. Vaccination schedule see Table 20. Further details are provided in Example 12.
  • FIG. 23 shows that all vaccines containing RSV F, RSV M2-1, or both surprisingly induced a tissue resident memory T cell (TRM) response in the lung upon intramuscular immunization ( FIG. 23 a ).
  • TRM tissue resident memory T cell
  • Example 1 Preparation of DNA and mRNA Constructs and Compositions for In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments
  • the present Example provides methods of obtaining the artificial RNA of the invention as well as methods of generating a composition or a vaccine of the invention.
  • DNA sequences encoding different RSV F proteins were prepared and used for subsequent RNA in vitro transcription reactions.
  • Said DNA sequences were prepared by modifying the wild type encoding DNA sequences by introducing a G/C optimized coding sequence (e.g., “cds opt1”) for stabilization.
  • Sequences were introduced into a pUC19 derived vector to comprise stabilizing 3′-UTR sequences derived from a 3′-UTR of a gene selected from PSMB3, ALB7, alpha-globin, CASP1, COX6B1, GNAS, NDUFA1 and RPS9 and 5′-UTR sequences derived from a 5′-UTR of a gene selected from HSD17B4, RPL32, ASAH1, ATP5A1, MP68, NDUFA4, NOSIP, RPL31, SLC7A3, TUBB4B and UBQLN2, additionally comprising, a stretch of adenosines (e.g. 64A or A100), and a histone-stem-loop (hSL) structure, and optionally a stretch of 30 cytosines (e.g. C30) as listed in Table 9.
  • adenosines e.g. 64A or A100
  • hSL histone-stem-loop
  • the obtained plasmid DNA constructs were transformed and propagated in bacteria using common protocols known in the art. Eventually, the plasmid DNA constructs were extracted, purified, and used for subsequent RNA in vitro transcription (see section 1.2.).
  • DNA plasmids prepared according to paragraph 1 are used as DNA template for PCR-based amplification. Eventually, the generated PCR products are purified and used for subsequent RNA in vitro transcription (see section 1.3.).
  • DNA plasmids prepared according to paragraph 1.1 were enzymatically linearized using EcoRI or SapI and used for DNA dependent RNA in vitro transcription using T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of a nucleotide mixture (ATP/GTP/CTP/UTP) and cap analog (e.g., m7GpppG, m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)pG, or m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG)pG)) under suitable buffer conditions.
  • ATP/GTP/CTP/UTP a nucleotide mixture
  • cap analog e.g., m7GpppG, m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)pG, or m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG)pG
  • RNA for clinical development (see Example 6) is produced under current good manufacturing practice e.g. according to WO2016/180430, implementing various quality control steps on DNA and RNA level.
  • the generated RNA sequences/constructs are provided in Table 9 with the encoded F protein and the respective UTR elements indicated therein.
  • SEQ-ID NOs may be derived from the information provided under ⁇ 223> identifier provided in the ST.25 sequence listing.
  • EcoRI or SapI linearized DNA is used for DNA dependent RNA in vitro transcription using an RNA polymerase in the presence of a modified nucleotide mixture (ATP, GTP, CTP, N(1)-methylpseudouridine (m14) or pseudouridine ( ⁇ )) and cap analog (m7GpppG, m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)pG, or m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG)pG) under suitable buffer conditions.
  • ATP ATP
  • GTP CTP
  • ⁇ pseudouridine
  • cap analog m7GpppG, m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeA)pG, or m7G(5′)ppp(5′)(2′OMeG)pG
  • mRNA constructs are in vitro transcribed in the absence of a cap analog.
  • the cap-structure (cap1) is added enzymatically using Capping enzymes as commonly known in the art.
  • in vitro transcribed mRNA is capped using an m7G capping kit with 2′-O-methyltransferase to obtain cap1-capped mRNA.
  • Cap1-capped mRNA is purified using RP-HPLC (PureMessenger®, CureVac, Tubingen, Germany; WO2008/077592) and used for further experiments.
  • PCR amplified DNA templates prepared according to paragraph 1.1 are transcribed in vitro using DNA dependent T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of a nucleotide mixture (ATP/GTP/CTP/UTP) and cap analog (m7GpppG) under suitable buffer conditions.
  • PCR amplified DNA is transcribed in vitro using DNA dependent T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of a modified nucleotide mixture (ATP, GTP, CTP, N(1)-methylpseudouridine (m14)) and cap analog (m7GpppG) under suitable buffer conditions.
  • mRNA constructs are in vitro transcribed in the absence of a cap analog and the cap-structure (cap1) is added enzymatically using capping enzymes as commonly known in the art e.g. using an m7G capping kit with 2′-O-methyltransferase.
  • the obtained mRNAs are purified e.g. using RP-HPLC (PureMessenger®, CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany; WO2008/077592) and used for in vitro and in vivo experiments.
  • Lipid nanoparticles LNP
  • cationic lipids cationic lipids
  • PEG-lipid polymer conjugated lipids
  • LNP formulated mRNA was prepared using an ionizable amino lipid (cationic lipid), phospholipid, cholesterol and a PEGylated lipid. Briefly, cationic lipid compound of formula III-3, DSPC, cholesterol, and PEG-lipid of formula Va were solubilized in ethanol at a molar ratio (%) of approximately 50:10:38.5:1.5 or 47.4:10:40.9:1.7.
  • LNPs comprising cationic lipid compound of formula III-3 and PEG-lipid compound of formula IVa were prepared at a ratio of mRNA to total Lipid of 0.03-0.04 w/w.
  • the mRNA was diluted to 0.05 mg/mL to 0.2 mg/mL in 10 mM to 50 mM citrate buffer, pH4.
  • Syringe pumps were used to mix the ethanolic lipid solution with the mRNA aqueous solution at a ratio of about 1:5 to 1:3 (vol/vol) with total flow rates above 15 ml/min.
  • the ethanol was then removed and the external buffer replaced with a PBS buffer comprising Sucrose by dialysis.
  • the lipid nanoparticles were filtered through a 0.2 um pore sterile filter and the LNP-formulated mRNA composition was adjusted to about 1 mg/ml total mRNA.
  • Lipid nanoparticle particle diameter size was 60-90 nm as determined by quasi-elastic light scattering using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano (Malvern, UK).
  • Malvern Zetasizer Nano Malvern, UK
  • the formulation process is essentially similar.
  • the obtained LNP-formulated mRNA composition (1 mg/ml total mRNA) was diluted to the desired target concentration using Saline before in vivo application.
  • mRNA constructs were complexed with protamine prior to use in in vivo immunization experiments.
  • the mRNA formulation consisted of a mixture of 50% free mRNA and 50% mRNA complexed with protamine at a weight ratio of 2:1.
  • mRNA was complexed with protamine by addition of protamine-Ringer's lactate solution to mRNA. After incubation for 10 minutes, when the complexes were stably generated, free mRNA was added, and the final concentration was adjusted with Ringer's lactate solution.
  • the present Example shows that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding RSV-F induces strong and functional immune responses in cotton rats.
  • Cotton rats that have received formalin-inactivated RSV virus vaccine preparations respond to RSV infection with enhanced lung pathology. This allows the evaluation of the safety of a vaccination in terms of enhanced disease phenomenon.
  • mRNA vaccines encoding the pre-fusion stabilized RSV F protein F-del_DSCav were prepared according to Example 1, formulated either with LNPs (see Example 1.4.) or with protamine (see Example 1.5.) and were applied on days 0 and 28 intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d) with different doses of RNA as shown in Table 10.
  • Control animals received a single vaccination at day 0 with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus intranasally or two vaccinations at days 0 and 28 with formalin-inactivated RSV virus (FI-RSV) intramuscularly. Additional control animals received buffer only.
  • FI-RSV formalin-inactivated RSV virus
  • VNTs RSV virus neutralization titers
  • PRNT plaque reduction neutralization test
  • Diluted serum samples were incubated with RSV/A2 for 1 hour at room temperature and inoculated in duplicates onto confluent HEp-2 monolayers in 24 well plates. After one hour incubation at 37° C. in a 5% CO2 incubator, the wells were overlayed with 0.75% Methylcellulose medium. After 4 days of incubation, the overlays were removed and the cells were fixed and stained. The corresponding reciprocal neutralizing antibody titers were determined at the 60% reduction end-point of the virus control.
  • the vaccinated animals were challenged intranasally at day 63 with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus in 100 uL.
  • One control group remained untreated and uninfected (group 10). All animals were sacrificed at day 68 and nasal tissue and lung were harvested.
  • Lungs of animals were collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and RSV/A2 titers were quantified in one lobe by plaque assay.
  • Lung homogenates were clarified by centrifugation and diluted in EMEM.
  • Confluent HEp-2 monolayers were infected in duplicates with diluted homogenates in 24 well plates. After one hour incubation at 37° C. in a 5% CO incubator, the wells were overlayed with 0.75% methylcellulose medium. After 4 days of incubation, the overlays were removed and the cells were fixed and stained with 0.1% crystal violet for one hour and then rinsed and air dried. Plaques were counted and virus titers were expressed as plaque forming units per gram of tissue. Viral titers were calculated as geometric mean ⁇ standard error for all animals in a group at a given time.
  • Lungs of animals were collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and one lobe was analyzed by histopathology. Lungs were dissected and inflated with 10% neutral buffered formalin to their normal volume, and then immersed in the same fixative solution. Following fixation, the lungs were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).
  • H&E hematoxylin and eosin
  • peribronchiolitis inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchioles
  • perivasculitis inflammatory cell infiltration around the small blood vessels
  • interstitial pneumonia inflammatory cell infiltration and thickening of alveolar walls
  • alveolitis cells within the alveolar spaces.
  • the LNP formulated RSV-F (F-del_DSCav1) mRNA vaccines induce the formation of RSV specific functional antibodies in cotton rats as shown by high virus neutralizing antibody titers (groups 1-4). Vaccination with protamine-formulated mRNA induces only weak responses.
  • the LNP-formulated RSV-F (F-del_DSCav1) mRNA vaccines reduce lung viral titers in cotton rats challenged with RSV virus and therefore limit RSV infection of the lung (groups 1-4).
  • All the animal groups vaccinated with mRNA formulated in LNPs vaccines showed virus titers below the level of detection of the performed virus titration demonstrating protection of vaccinated cotton rats in terms of viral lung titers.
  • the protamine-formulated mRNA vaccines (administrated i.m.) and the Formalin-inactivated virus vaccine reduced only minimally the lung virus titer compared to the buffer control group.
  • the lung histopathology analysis from the RSV cotton rat challenge study reveals different pathology scores for the various animal groups. From the histopathology it can be concluded that none of the mRNA vaccinated groups displayed enhanced lung pathology as it is the case for the group that was vaccinated using the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine.
  • the average pathology scores for peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, insterstitial pneumonia and alveolitis are much lower for all groups vaccinated with mRNA (groups 1-6) compared to the group with formalin-inactivated RSV (group 8).
  • Example 3 Vaccination of Cotton Rats with LNP-Formulated mRNA Encoding RSV-F and RSV Cotton Rat Challenge Study
  • the present Example shows that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding different RSV-F antigens induce strong and functional immune responses in cotton rats for mRNA constructs having UTR combination RPL32/ALB7 (i-2).
  • This experiment compared mRNA-LNPs encoding three different RSV-F variants: full-length RSV F0, truncated RSV F-del, and pre-fusion stabilized truncated F-del_DSCav1.
  • the mRNA-LNP vaccines were prepared according to Example 1.
  • Cotton rats received two intramuscular vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines on days 0 and 28. Each dose comprised 10 ⁇ g or 100 ⁇ g mRNA-LNPs.
  • Control animals received a single vaccination at day 0 with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus intranasally or two vaccinations at days 0 and 28 with formalin-inactivated RSV virus (FI RSV) intramuscularly. Additional control animals received buffer only (see Table 11).
  • RNA Group Test item ID Dose Route 1 mRNA encoding F0 R3737 10 ⁇ g i.m. LNP-formulated 2 mRNA encoding F0 R3737 100 ⁇ g i.m. LNP-formulated 3 mRNA encoding F-del R3738 10 ⁇ g i.m. LNP-formulated 4 mRNA encoding F-del R3738 100 ⁇ g i.m. LNP-formulated 5 mRNA encoding F-delDSCav1 R6122 10 ⁇ g i.m. LNP-formulated 6 mRNA encoding F-delDSCav1 R6122 100 ⁇ g i.m. LNP-formulated 7 Live RSV/A2 virus 105 pfu i.n. 8 FI RSV 1:100 i.m. 9 Buffer — i.m. 10 untreated/uninfected — —
  • ELISA plates are coated with recombinant human RSV fusion glycoprotein (Extracellular domain of human RSV Fusion glycoprotein (529) fused with a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus, expressed in Baculovirus-Insect Cells, provided as lyophilized powder). Coated plates are incubated using given serum dilutions. Binding of specific antibodies to the F protein is detected using biotinylated isotype specific anti-mouse antibodies in combination with streptavidin-HRP (horse radish peroxidase) with ABTS substrate.
  • biotinylated isotype specific anti-mouse antibodies in combination with streptavidin-HRP (horse radish peroxidase) with ABTS substrate.
  • VNTs RSV virus neutralization titers
  • PRNT plaque reduction neutralization test
  • Diluted serum samples were incubated with RSV/A2 for 1 hour at room temperature and inoculated in duplicates onto confluent HEp-2 monolayers in 24 well plates. After one hour incubation at 37° C. in a 5% CO2 incubator, the wells were overlayed with 0.75% Methylcellulose medium. After 4 days of incubation, the overlays were removed and the cells were fixed and stained. The corresponding reciprocal neutralizing antibody titers were determined at the 60% reduction end-point of the virus control.
  • the vaccinated animals were challenged intranasally at day 63 with 10 5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus in 100 uL.
  • One control group remained untreated and uninfected. All animals were sacrificed at day 68 and nasal tissue and lung were harvested.
  • Lungs of animals were collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 10 5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and RSV/A2 titers were quantified in one lobe by plaque assay as described above.
  • Nasal tissue of animals was collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus).
  • the nose homogenates were clarified as the lung homogenates by centrifugation and diluted in EMEM.
  • Confluent HEp-2 monolayers were infected in duplicates with diluted homogenates in 24 well plates. After one hour incubation at 37° C. in a 5% CO incubator, the wells were overlayed with 0.75% methylcellulose medium. After 4 days of incubation, the overlays were removed and the cells were fixed and stained with 0.1% crystal violet for one hour and then rinsed and air dried. Plaques were counted and virus titers were expressed as plaque forming units per gram of tissue. Viral titers were calculated as geometric mean ⁇ standard error for all animals in a group at a given time.
  • Lungs of animals were collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and one lobe was analyzed by histopathology as described before.
  • FIGS. 5 a , 5 b and 5 c show that LNP-formulated mRNA encoding the RSV F-protein (F0, F-del, and F-del_DSCav1) induces humoral immune responses in cotton rats against the RSV-F protein.
  • Antibody total IgG titers were determined by ELISA.
  • FIG. 5 a Antibody titers determined on day 49;
  • FIGS. 5 b and 5 c time-dependent igG titers in serum with 10 ⁇ g mRNA ( FIG. 5 b ) or 100 ⁇ g mRNA ( FIG. 5 c ) encoding the RSV F-protein (F0, F-del, and F-del_DSCav1).
  • LNP-formulated RSV-F (F0, F-del, F-del_DSCav1) mRNA vaccines reduced lung viral titers in cotton rats challenged with RSV virus and therefore limit RSV infection of the lung.
  • All the animal groups vaccinated with mRNA formulated in LNPs vaccines showed virus titers below the level of detection of the performed virus titration.
  • the results demonstrate protection of vaccinated cotton rats in terms of viral lung titers.
  • the formalin-inactivated virus vaccine (FI RSV) reduced only minimally the lung virus titer compared to the buffer control group.
  • the LNP-formulated RSV-F (F0, F-del, F-del_DSCav1) mRNA vaccines strongly reduced viral titers in nasal tissue of cotton rats challenged with RSV virus and therefore reduce RSV infection of the nose.
  • the vaccine based on formalin-inactivated virus (F RSV) were not able to reduce the nasal virus titers.
  • the lung histopathology analysis from the RSV cotton rat challenge study reveals different pathology scores for the various animal groups. From the histopathology it can be concluded that none of the mRNA vaccinated groups displayed enhanced lung pathology as it is the case for the group that was vaccinated using the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine. The average pathology scores for peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, insterstitial pneumonia and alveolitis are much lower for all groups vaccinated with mRNA compared to the group with formalin-inactivated RSV.
  • the present Example shows that the UTR combinations according to the invention strongly improve the expression performance of said mRNA constructs compared to a reference mRNA construct (harboring RPL32/ALB7 UTRs) used e.g. in Example 3 (UTR combination RPL32/ALB7 (i-2)).
  • RSV-F mRNA constructs comprising different UTR combinations
  • HEK 293T cells were transfected with different Lipofectamine-formulated mRNA constructs, which all contain the same coding sequence encoding pre-fusion stabilized truncated F-del_DSCav1 but use different 5′- and 3′-UTRs (see Table 12).
  • RSV-F expression was analyzed 24 h after transfection by flow cytometry.
  • 293T cells were seeded at a density of 200000 cells/well (200000 cells/2 ml) in a 6-well plate. Each RNA was complexed with Lipofectamine2000 at a ratio of 1/1.5 (w/v) for 20 minutes in Opti-MEM. Lipocomplexed mRNAs were then added to cells for transfection with 2 ⁇ g of RNA per well in a total volume of 500 uL. 4 h post start of transfection the transfection solution was exchanged for 2000 uL/well of complete medium. Cells were further maintained at 37° C., 5% CO2 before performing FACS analysis.
  • mRNA vaccines encoding RSV-F (F, F-del, or F-del_DSCav1) with different UTR combinations according to the invention are compared.
  • the mRNA-LNP vaccines are prepared according to Example 1.
  • Cotton rats receive two intramuscular vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines on days 0 and 28. Each dose comprises 2 ⁇ g or 10 ⁇ g mRNA-LNPs.
  • Control animals receive a single vaccination at day 0 with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus intranasally or formalin-inactivated RSV virus intramuscularly. Additional control animals receive buffer only (see Table 13).
  • Example 5 Animal groups and vaccination schedule of Example 5 SEQ ID NO: Group Test Item 5′-UTR/3′-UTR; RNA Dose Route 1 F0, F-del or F-del_DSCav1 Nosip/RPS9; e-4 286, 701 or 1460 10 ⁇ g i.m. 2 F0, F-del or F-del_DSCav1 Nosip/RPS9; e-4 286, 701 or 1460 2 ⁇ g i.m. 3 F0, F-del or F-del_DSCav1 Ndufa4/CASP1; g-2 367, 782 or 1532 10 ⁇ g i.m.
  • the vaccinated animals are challenged intranasally at day 63 with 10exp5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus in 100 uL.
  • One control group remains untreated and uninfected. All animals are sacrificed at day 68 and nasal tissue and lung tissue are harvested.
  • Lungs of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 10exp5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and RSV/A2 titers are quantified in one lobe by plaque assay as described above.
  • RSV viral genome copy numbers by measuring copy numbers of the RSV NS-1 gene
  • cytokine mRNA levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Nasal tissue of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus).
  • the viral titers are quantified as described above.
  • RSV viral genome copy numbers by measuring copy numbers of the RSV NS-1 gene
  • cytokine mRNA levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Lungs of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and one lobe is analyzed by histopathology as described before.
  • mRNA vaccines encoding RSV-F (F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3 (and/or additionally with F_DSCav1_mut0, _mut4, _mut5, _mut6, _mut7, _mut8 and/or F-del_DSCav1_mut0, _mut4, _mut5, _mut6, _mut7, _mut8) are compared.
  • the mRNA-LNP vaccines are prepared according to Example 1.
  • Cotton rats receive two intramuscular vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines on days 0 and 28. Each dose comprises 2 ⁇ g or 10 ⁇ g mRNA-LNPs. Control animals receive a single vaccination at day 0 with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus intranasally or formalin-inactivated RSV virus intramuscularly. Additional control animals receive buffer only (see Table 14).
  • the vaccinated animals are challenged intranasally at day 63 with 10exp5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus in 100 uL.
  • One control group remains untreated and uninfected. All animals are sacrificed at day 68 and nasal tissue and lung tissue are harvested.
  • Lungs of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 10exp5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and RSV/A2 titers are quantified in one lobe by plaque assay as described above.
  • RSV viral genome copy numbers by measuring copy numbers of the RSV NS-1 gene
  • cytokine mRNA levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Nasal tissue of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus).
  • the viral titers are quantified as described above.
  • RSV viral genome copy numbers by measuring copy numbers of the RSV NS-1 gene
  • cytokine mRNA levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Lung Histopathology of Challenged Cotton Rats Lungs of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 10 5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and one lobe is analyzed by histopathology as described before.
  • Example 7 Vaccination of Cotton Rats with SNP-Formulated mRNA Encoding RSV-F and a Further RSV Antigen and Cotton Rat Challenge Study
  • mRNA vaccines encoding different RSV proteins are prepared according to Example 1.
  • RSV F RSV F (F0, F, F-del, F_DSCav1 F-del_DSCav1, or F_DSCav1 mut0-mut8 or F-del_DSCav1 mut0-mut8)
  • RSV F RSV F
  • these vaccines are administered either alone or in combination as shown in Table 9.
  • Cotton rats receive two intramuscular (i.m.) vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines on days 0 and 28 with 2 ⁇ g or 10 ⁇ g mRNA for each antigen.
  • Additional groups are immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) with formalin-inactivated RSV and/or live RSV/A2 to compare their immunogenicity to mRNA vaccines. Additional control animals receive buffer only (see Table 15). The RSV-specific immune responses are determined by Elisa or Intracellular cytokine staining (ICS).
  • ICS Intracellular cytokine staining
  • polyvalent mRNA compositions/vaccines are produced (e.g. groups 6-10) according to procedures as disclosed in the PCT application WO2017/109134 using at least two different sequence optimized DNA templates (each of which generated as described in Example 1).
  • a DNA construct mixture (each of which comprising a different coding sequences and a T7 promotor) is used as a template for simultaneous RNA in vitro transcription to generate a mixture of mRNA constructs.
  • the obtained RNA mixture is used for co-purification using RP-HPLC.
  • the obtained purified RNA mixture is formulated in LNPs (as described in section 1.4.) to generate a polyvalent LNP-formulated RNA composition/vaccine.
  • the induction of anti-RSV immune responses are determined as described before, with suitable recombinant proteins or peptides for its detection.
  • Splenocytes from vaccinated and control mice are isolated according to a standard protocol. Briefly, isolated spleens are grinded through a cell strainer and washed in PBS/1% FBS followed by red blood cell lysis. After an extensive washing step with PBS/1% FBS splenocytes are seeded into 96-well plates (2 ⁇ 106 cells/well). The next day cells are stimulated with a suitable RSV peptide or an irrelevant control peptide and 2.5 ⁇ g/ml of an anti-CD28 antibody (BD Biosciences) for 6 hours at 37° C.
  • a suitable RSV peptide or an irrelevant control peptide 2.5 ⁇ g/ml of an anti-CD28 antibody (BD Biosciences) for 6 hours at 37° C.
  • GolgiPlugTM/GolgiStopTM Protein transport inhibitors containing Brefeldin A and Monensin, respectively; BD Biosciences.
  • GolgiPlugTM/GolgiStopTM Protein transport inhibitors containing Brefeldin A and Monensin, respectively; BD Biosciences.
  • the following antibodies are used for staining: CD8-PECy7 (1:200), CD3-FITC (1:200), IL2-PerCP-Cy5.5 (1:100), TNF ⁇ -PE (1:100), IFN ⁇ -APC (1:100) (eBioscience), CD4-BD Horizon V450 (1:200) (BD Biosciences) and incubated with Fcy-block diluted 1:100.
  • Aqua Dye is used to distinguish live/dead cells (Invitrogen). Cells are collected using a Canto I flow cytometer (Beckton Dickinson). Flow cytometry data are analysed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc.).
  • the vaccinated animals are challenged intranasally at day 63 with 10exp5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus in 100 uL.
  • One control group remains untreated and uninfected. All animals are sacrificed at day 68 and nasal tissue and lung tissue are harvested.
  • the vaccinated animals are challenged intranasally at day 63 with 10exp5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus in 100 uL.
  • One control group remains untreated and uninfected. All animals are sacrificed at day 68 and nasal tissue and lung tissue are harvested. Serum is collected at day 49 and RSV virus neutralization titers (VNTs) are measured using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) as described in Example 2.
  • VNTs virus neutralization titers
  • Lungs of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 10exp5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and RSV/A2 titers are quantified in one lobe by plaque assay as described above.
  • RSV viral genome copy numbers by measuring copy numbers of the RSV NS-1 gene
  • cytokine mRNA levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Nasal tissue of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus).
  • the viral titers are quantified as described above.
  • RSV viral genome copy numbers by measuring copy numbers of the RSV NS-1 gene
  • cytokine mRNA levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Lungs of animals are collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus) and one lobe is analyzed by histopathology as described before.
  • HeLa cells were transiently transfected with mRNA encoding RSV F antigens and stained for RSV Fusing a suitable anti-F protein antibodies (raised in mouse), counterstained with a FITC-coupled secondary anti-mouse antibody (F5262 from Sigma).
  • HeLa cells were seeded in a 6-well plate at a density of 400,000 cells/well in cell culture medium (RPMI, 10% FCS, 1% L-Glutamine, 1% Pen/Strep), 24 h prior to transfection.
  • HeLa cells were transfected with 2 ⁇ g unformulated mRNA using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen).
  • the mRNA constructs prepared according to Example 1 and listed in Table 16 were used in the experiment (see also Table 9), including a negative control (water for injection). 24 hours post transfection, HeLa cells were stained with suitable anti RSV-F antibodies (raised in mouse; 1:500) and anti-mouse FITC labelled secondary antibody (1:500) and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS) on a BD FACS Canto II using the FACS Diva software. Quantitative analysis of the fluorescent FITC signal was performed using the FlowJo software package (Tree Star, Inc.). Cells were stained intracellularly or alternatively on the cell surface. The results are shown in FIGS. 10 a and 10 b , representing two different independent experiments.
  • the RSV F constructs with deleted C-terminus (F-del) (e.g. R6940, R5453, R6775, R6774, R6773, R7455, R7457, R7459) show an increased cell surface protein expression in comparison to F full length constructs.
  • the construct encoding F-del_DSCav1_mut0 (R7455) exhibits the highest expression.
  • Example 9 Vaccination of Cotton Rats with LNP-Formulated mRNA Encoding RSV-F and RSV Cotton Rat Challenge Study
  • the present Example shows that LNP-formulated mRNA according to the invention encoding different pre-fusion stabilized RSV-F antigens induce strong, functional and protective immune responses in cotton rats.
  • This experiment compared mRNA-LNPs encoding different pre-fusion stabilized RSV-F variants (mut 1, mut2, mut3) with either full-length F or with the truncated F (F-del).
  • the mRNA-LNP vaccines were prepared according to Example 1.
  • Cotton rats received two intramuscular vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines on days 0 and 28. Each dose comprised 100 ⁇ g mRNA-LNPs.
  • Control animals received a single vaccination at day 0 with 105 pfu live RSV/A2 virus or UV inactivated RSV/A2 virus or two vaccinations at days 0 and 28 with formalin-inactivated RSV virus (F1 RSV) intramuscularly. Additional control animals received buffer only (see Table 17).
  • ELISA plates were coated with purified F protein extracted from RSV/A2-infected HEp-2 cells or methanol/Acetone fixed RSV/B infected HEp-2 cells. Coated plates were incubated using given serum dilutions. Binding of specific antibodies to the F protein was detected using isotype specific anti-cotton rat antibodies in combination with streptavidin-HRP (horse radish peroxidase) with TMB substrate.
  • Diluted serum samples were incubated with RSV/A2 or RSV/B (25-50 PFU) for 1 hour at room temperature and inoculated in duplicates onto confluent HEp-2 monolayers in 24 well plates. After one hour incubation at 37° C. in a 5% CO2 incubator, the wells were overlayed with 0.75% Methylcellulose medium. After 4 days of incubation, the overlays were removed and the cells were fixed and stained. The corresponding reciprocal neutralizing antibody titers were determined at the 60% reduction end point of the virus control.
  • the vaccinated animals were challenged intranasally at day 63 with 10 5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus in 100 uL.
  • One control group remained untreated and uninfected. All animals were sacrificed at day 68 and nasal tissue and lung were harvested.
  • Lungs and nasal tissue of animals were collected at day 68 (i.e. 5 days after intranasal challenge with 10 5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus).
  • the nose homogenates were clarified as the lung homogenates by centrifugation and diluted in EMEM.
  • Confluent HEp-2 monolayers were infected in duplicates with diluted homogenates in 24 well plates. After one hour incubation at 37° C. in a 5% CO incubator, the wells were overlayed with 0.75% methylcellulose medium. After 4 days of incubation, the overlays were removed and the cells were fixed and stained with 0.1% crystal violet for one hour and then rinsed and air dried. Plaques were counted and virus titers were expressed as plaque forming units per gram of tissue.
  • Lungs were dissected and inflated with 10% neutral buffered formalin to their normal volume, and then immersed in the same fixative solution. Following fixation, the lungs were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).
  • H&E hematoxylin and eosin
  • FIG. 11 shows that all tested LNP-formulated mRNA constructs encoding different RSV F proteins (F0, F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) according the invention induce humoral immune responses in cotton rats against the RSV-F protein. Antibody total IgG titers were determined by ELISA.
  • the mRNA constructs encoding the truncated F (F-del) (F-del, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) induced higher and faster responses than the constructs with the full length F sequence on d28, no significant difference is detectable at later time points.
  • Stabilized constructs F0_DSCav1, F_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) initially yield lower ELISA titers than wildtype constructs (F0 and F-del). Levels are not significantly different at later time points.
  • the constructs encoding the stabilized and truncated F protein induce higher titers of RSV-F specific IgGs already after prime vaccination (day 28) compared with the vaccination with the live virus.
  • all tested LNP-formulated RSV-F mRNA vaccines induces humoral immune responses measured with ELISA which are more prominent then the answers of the control vaccinations.
  • the LNP-formulated RSV-F truncated constructs (F-del, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) induced higher and faster responses than F full length constructs.
  • constructs for pre-fusion stabilization according to the invention induce higher responses than F0, F0_DSCav1, F-del, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) induce higher responses than F0, F0_DSCav1, F-del, F-del_DSCav1.
  • the lung histopathology analysis from the RSV cotton rat challenge study reveals different pathology scores for the various animal groups. From the histopathology it can be concluded that none of the mRNA vaccinated groups displayed enhanced lung pathology as it is the case for the group that was vaccinated using the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine. The average pathology scores for peribronchiolitis are lower for all groups vaccinated with mRNA compared to the group with formalin-inactivated RSV.
  • LNP-formulated RSV-F truncated constructs (F-del, F-del_DSCav1, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) showed in general lower pathology scores than F full length constructs.
  • constructs for pre-fusion stabilization according to the invention yielded better responses (lower pathology scores) than F0, F0_DSCav1, F-del, F-del_DSCav1_mut2) yielded better responses (lower pathology scores) than F0, F0_DSCav1, F-del, F-del_DSCav1.
  • LNP-formulated RSV-F mRNA vaccines reduced lung viral titers in cotton rats challenged with RSV virus and therefore limit RSV infection of the lung.
  • All the animal groups vaccinated with mRNA formulated in LNPs vaccines showed virus titers below the level of detection of the performed virus titration.
  • the results demonstrate protection of vaccinated cotton rats in terms of viral lung titers.
  • the formalin-inactivated virus vaccine (FI RSV) and the UV-inactivated RSV/A2 virus control reduced only minimally the lung virus titer compared to the buffer control group.
  • the LNP-formulated RSV-F mRNA vaccines strongly reduced viral titers in nasal tissue of cotton rats challenged with RSV virus and therefore reduce RSV infection of the nose.
  • the vaccine based on formalin-inactivated virus (FI RSV) and the UV-inactivated RSV/A2 virus control were not able to reduce the nasal virus titers.
  • Constructs featuring Ds-Cav1 mutations alone are suboptimal as an mRNA based vaccine in comparison with the constructs encoding the further stabilized F proteins according the invention (F_DSCav1_mut3, F_DSCav1_mut1, F_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut3, F-del_DSCav1_mut1, F-del_DSCav1_mut2).
  • Example 10 Vaccination of Cotton Rats with LNP-Formulated mRNA Encoding RSV-F and RSV Cotton Rat Challenge Study
  • the present Example shows that LNP-formulated mRNA according to the invention encoding different pre-fusion stabilized RSV-F antigens induce strong, functional and protective immune responses in cotton rats.
  • the mRNA-LNP vaccines were prepared according to Example 1. Cotton rats received either one or two intramuscular vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines on day 0 or on days 0 and 28. Each dose comprised 100 ⁇ g mRNA-LNPs. Control animals received a single vaccination at day 28 with 10 5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus or formalin-inactivated RSV virus (FI RSV) intramuscularly. Additional control animals received buffer only (see Table 18).
  • RNA SEQ ID NO: SEQ ID NO: Group Test item ID RNA Protein Dose Immunization Route 1 (1) mRNA encoding F-del R6940 890 483 100 ⁇ g day 0, day 28 i.m. LNP-formulated 2 (2) mRNA encoding R6773 3104 2743 100 ⁇ g day 0, day 28 i.m. F-del_DSCav1_mut2 LNP-formulated 3 (3) mRNA encoding R7455 4580 4219 100 ⁇ g day 0, day 28 i.m. F-del_DSCav1_mut0 LNP-formulated 4 (4) mRNA encoding R7457 6056 5695 100 ⁇ g day 0, day 28 i.m.
  • F-del_DSCav1_mut5 LNP-formulated 5 (5) mRNA encoding R7459 5318 4957 100 ⁇ g day 0, day 28 i.m.
  • F-del_DSCav1_mut4 LNP-formulated 6 (1) mRNA encoding F-del R6940 890 483 100 ⁇ g day 28 i.m. LNP-formulated 7
  • mRNA encoding R6773 3104 2743 100 ⁇ g day 28 i.m.
  • F-del_DSCav1_mut2 LNP-formulated 8 (3) mRNA encoding R7455 4580 4219 100 ⁇ g day 28 i.m.
  • F-del_DSCav1_mut0 LNP-formulated 9 (4) mRNA encoding R7457 6056 5695 100 ⁇ g day 28 i.m.
  • F-del_DSCav1_mut5 LNP-formulated 10 (5) mRNA encoding R7459 5318 4957 100 ⁇ g day 28 i.m.
  • F-del_DSCav1_mut4 LNP-formulated 11 Live RSV/A2 virus 10 5 day 28 i.m. 12 FI RSV 1:100 day 28 i.m. 13 Buffer day 0, day 28 i.m. 14 untreated/uninfected i.m.
  • the vaccinated animals were challenged intranasally at day 63 with 10 5 pfu live RSV/A2 virus in 100 uL.
  • One control group remained untreated and uninfected. All animals were sacrificed at day 68 and nasal tissue and lung were harvested.
  • the RSV titers in nasal tissue of challenged cotton rats and the pulmonary histopathology are analyzed as described before (see Example 9).
  • FIG. 15 shows that all tested LNP-formulated mRNA constructs encoding different RSV F proteins (F-del, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut4) according the invention induce humoral immune responses in cotton rats against the RSV-F protein.
  • Antibody total IgG titers were determined by ELISA.
  • RNA constructs encoding stabilized F proteins (F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut4) initially yield lower ELISA titers than the construct encoding the truncated wildtype F protein, F-del. This trend is also detectable at later time points by using higher serum dilutions for the ELISA (data not shown). The IgG response can be significantly boosted by a second immunization.
  • all LNP-formulated RSV-F (F-del, F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut4) mRNA vaccines induced the formation of RSV specific functional antibodies in cotton rats as shown by high virus neutralizing antibody titers.
  • the LNP-formulated constructs for pre-fusion stabilization according to the invention induce higher or comparable responses than F-del.
  • RNA construct R7457 coding for the pre-fusion stabilized protein F-del_DSCav1_mut5 induces the highest VNTs (comparable to the best results induced by best pre-fusion stabilized construct in the previous experiment (Example 9, R6773).
  • the lung histopathology analysis shows that none of the mRNA vaccinated groups displayed enhanced lung pathology as it is the case for the group that was vaccinated using the formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine (see FIG. 17 a (for Peribronciolitis and Perivasculitis) and FIG. 17 b (for Interstitial Pneumonia and Alveolitis)).
  • the constructs for pre-fusion stabilization according to the invention (F-del_DSCav1_mut2, F-del_DSCav1_mut0, F-del_DSCav1_mut5, F-del_DSCav1_mut4) yielded better responses (lower pathology scores) than F-del. Animals received two vaccinations showed a lower pathology score in comparison to animals only received one vaccination.

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US12097253B2 (en) 2024-09-24

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