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US20210032719A1 - Method of producing a cold drawn wire - Google Patents

Method of producing a cold drawn wire Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210032719A1
US20210032719A1 US16/645,303 US201716645303A US2021032719A1 US 20210032719 A1 US20210032719 A1 US 20210032719A1 US 201716645303 A US201716645303 A US 201716645303A US 2021032719 A1 US2021032719 A1 US 2021032719A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
esr
wire
molten metal
bulk
capsule
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/645,303
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Lofroth
David THUREBORN
Jan PIETERS
Ola Ericsson
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Suzuki Garphyttan AB
Original Assignee
Suzuki Garphyttan AB
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Filing date
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Assigned to SUZUKI GARPHYTTAN AB reassignment SUZUKI GARPHYTTAN AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ERICSSON, OLA, LOFROTH, PETER, PIETERS, Jan, THUREBORN, David
Assigned to SUZUKI GARPHYTTAN AB reassignment SUZUKI GARPHYTTAN AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LOFROTH, PETER
Publication of US20210032719A1 publication Critical patent/US20210032719A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/12—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/28—Normalising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
    • B22F2009/0852—Electroslag melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a cold drawn wire and wire springs of a precipitation hardenable stainless steel, in particular of the type called 17-7 PH.
  • the fatigue resistance depends to a high degree on the surface of the spring wire.
  • the wire In order that the spring shall have a high fatigue resistance, the wire should not have any visible defects, which can initiate fatigue failures.
  • the surface layer contain any large slag inclusions or large zones containing major accumulations of smaller slag inclusions, which also can initiate failures.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,383,316 disclose a method for manufacturing a cold drawn wire in which the cast steel is remelted and subjected to an ESR treatment.
  • the ESR ingots are hot worked, which is finished by wire rolling.
  • the rolled wire is pickled and cold drawn.
  • the ESR treatment is employed to avoid large slag inclusions and large zones containing major accumulations of smaller slag inclusions. This was a big improvement compared to prior processes.
  • the present invention proposes a novel route of manufacturing 17-7 PH spring wire and wire springs.
  • the new route includes casting a bulk of molten metal to provide ingots, electro slag refining the ingots to provide an ESR melt, atomising the ESR melt to provide a metal powder, hot isostatic pressing the powder into a billet, and working the billet into a wire.
  • This new procedure reduces the size of the inclusions further. Furthermore, it essentially removes large zones containing major accumulations of smaller slag inclusions
  • method includes the preparation of a bulk of molten metal, the molten metal comprising in weight %:
  • the steel is intentionally alloyed with small amounts of N, preferably 0.005-0.15% by weight, more preferably 0.01-0.15.
  • the steel may also be intentionally alloyed with small amounts of Ti, V or Nb.
  • weight % Preferably in weight %:
  • the total amount of Ti, V or Nb is limited to 0.01-0.2% by weight.
  • the optional elements are limited to (in weight %):
  • REM includes at least one the elements Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.
  • the bulk of molten metal is cast to the shape of ingots, or, preferably to a strand which is cut up.
  • the ingot or cut-up strand are thereafter electro slag refined, so called ESR remelting, preferably after hot worked to the shape of electrodes.
  • ESR Electro Slag Refining, also referred to as Electro Slag Remelting.
  • a conventional slag mixture which is used according to known technique, and which at the ESR remelting process forms a melt, in which the electrode that shall be remelted is molten off drop-wise, such that the drops will sink through the slag melt to an underlying pond of molten metal, the ESR melt.
  • a slag mixture can be used, which is known per se, and which contains appr 30% of each of CaF 2, CaO, and Al 2 O 3 and normally a certain amount of MgO in lime fraction as well as one or a few percent SiO 2 .
  • the melting electrode as according to the invention, consists of a stainless 17-7 PH steel, which contains slag inclusions of varying sizes
  • the ESR melt will get a different slag picture than before the remelting operation. It appears that the ESR slag functions as a screen for larger slag particles existing in the steel prior to the remelting operation. At least this appears to be true for those slags which have proved to have a detrimental effect on the fatigue strength of the spring wire, namely slags of type CaO, Al 2 O 3 , and MgO. While the smaller slag inclusions become more evenly distributed and possible zones of slag accumulations become smaller and therefore more harmless, the amount of smaller slag inclusions of this type in the remelted material is influenced only to a low degree.
  • the ESR melt is atomised to provide a metal powder.
  • the atomization is preferably by gas atomising.
  • the gas atomisation may be carried out by means of jets of nitrogen and/or of argon gas.
  • the ESR melt is preferably prepared in a melting furnace is of type where the liquid metal is drained through a drain in the bottom of the furnace to an atomising chamber beneath the furnace.
  • a melting furnace is of type where the liquid metal is drained through a drain in the bottom of the furnace to an atomising chamber beneath the furnace.
  • the ESR melt can be conveyed, without exposing the melt to air, to a melting furnace of the type described in WO2013129996, hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the liquid metal is also drained through a drain in the bottom of the furnace to an atomising chamber beneath the furnace.
  • the ESR melt in the furnace can be protected by an inert gas, vacuum, or slag covering the surface of the melt.
  • An alternative is to have a tiltable ESR furnace and a separate tundish, which both are arranged in an enveloping chamber containing a protective atmosphere.
  • the atomising chamber arranged beneath the tundish. Also in this furnace and tundish combination the oxygen exposure of the molten metal is minimised.
  • the atomised powder is preferably cooled in a protective atmosphere top avoid re oxidation.
  • the atomised powder may be sieved to a desired powder gauge. For instance, max 250 ⁇ m.
  • Capsules are filled with the metal powder. After filling, the capsules are sealed. The capsules are thereafter optionally compacted in a cold isostatic press, e.g. Asea QI 100, at a pressure of at least 1000 bar, preferably around 4000 bar. The capsules are thereafter optionally placed in a pre-heating furnace, where the temperature is stepwise risen to a temperature of 900-1250° C., e.g. 1130° C., without being subjected to any externally applied pressure. The capsules are thereafter transferred to a hot isostatic press, e.g. HIPen Asea QI 80, where a pressure at least above 500 bar, e.g.
  • a hot isostatic press e.g. HIPen Asea QI 80, where a pressure at least above 500 bar, e.g.
  • the compaction of the capsule in the hot isostatic press provides a full density billet.
  • the temperature is controlled so that the material is consolidated without presence of liquid phase.
  • the cold isostatic press step as well as the following preheating step are used mainly for process economic reasons and it would very well be possible to transfer the sealed capsules directly to a hot isostatic press without prior cold pressing or preheating.
  • the billet from the hot isostatic press is thereafter hot worked to rods which are ground and hot rolled to wires.
  • the wires hot rolled to wires are thereafter descaled by mechanical descaling and/or chemical descaling (acid pickling).
  • the descaled wire is then annealed at a temperature in the range of 900-1100° C. for 0.5 -2 hours.
  • the annealed wire is cold drawn with at least 30% area reduction.
  • the cold drawn wire can be spun to springs, preferably of a helicoidal shape.
  • the springs are suitably precipitation hardened at temperature of 450-500 ° C. for 0.5-2 h, followed by cooling in air.
  • the structure of the material in the finished springs comprises of 50-70 volume-% tempered martensite containing precipitated phases of aluminium and nickel in the martensite, preferably AlNi 3, remainder austenite and max 5% ⁇ -ferrite.
  • the cross sectional shape of the cold drawn spring wires may be circular.
  • the invention is not bound only to wires having such cross section, but can be applied also for wires having other shapes, i.e. wires having oval cross section, which can afford a more favourable distribution of tension in the finished springs which are spun to helicoidal shape. Rectangular cross sections may also be conceivable.
  • the new route includes atomising a bulk of molten metal to provide a metal powder, hot isostatic pressing the powder into a billet, and working the billet into a wire, providing a method of producing a cold drawn wire from a particle metallurgy steel, comprising the following steps:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US16/645,303 2017-09-07 2017-09-07 Method of producing a cold drawn wire Abandoned US20210032719A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2017/072511 WO2019048047A1 (fr) 2017-09-07 2017-09-07 Procédé de préparation d'un fil étiré à froid

Publications (1)

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US20210032719A1 true US20210032719A1 (en) 2021-02-04

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US16/645,303 Abandoned US20210032719A1 (en) 2017-09-07 2017-09-07 Method of producing a cold drawn wire

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Country Link
US (1) US20210032719A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3679168A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2020533490A (fr)
CN (1) CN111315905A (fr)
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