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US20190212063A1 - Heat exchange unit for devices with a heat pump, in particular an evaporator for manufacturing and storing ice - Google Patents

Heat exchange unit for devices with a heat pump, in particular an evaporator for manufacturing and storing ice Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190212063A1
US20190212063A1 US16/281,053 US201916281053A US2019212063A1 US 20190212063 A1 US20190212063 A1 US 20190212063A1 US 201916281053 A US201916281053 A US 201916281053A US 2019212063 A1 US2019212063 A1 US 2019212063A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
collector
inlet
outlet
collectors
exchanger
Prior art date
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US16/281,053
Inventor
Miroslaw Mila
Jan Soczewka
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Mar-Bud Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia
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Mar-Bud Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia
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Assigned to MAR-BUD SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA reassignment MAR-BUD SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MILA, Miroslaw, SOCZEWKA, JAN
Publication of US20190212063A1 publication Critical patent/US20190212063A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05341—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0075—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with particular circuits for the same heat exchange medium, e.g. with the same heat exchange medium flowing through sections having different heat exchange capacities or for heating or cooling the same heat exchange medium at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0273—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0275—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple branch pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F2005/0025—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using heat exchange fluid storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a heat exchange unit for the devices with a heat pump, used in particular as an evaporator in the device for manufacturing and storing ice.
  • Heat exchange between liquid streams of different temperatures is the basis for the operation of many industrial devices and those used privately in everyday life.
  • the most common are heat exchangers with a partition through which heat exchange occurs with a cross flow of liquids.
  • exchangers are used in refrigeration and air conditioning, in devices with heat pumps, realizing the Linde thermodynamic cycle.
  • the efficiency of the heat exchanger is primarily dependent on the heat exchange surface and the homogeneous temperature conditions on this surface.
  • a tubular nozzle distributor was used, an example of which is described based on FIG. 6 .
  • the distributor is inserted longitudinally into the collector and has nozzle orifices directed coaxially to the flow channels along the side. There is a gap between the nozzle orifices and the orifices of the flow channels in the wall of the inlet collector, in which the swirls of the streams are suppressed—which is important especially for the nozzles in the initial section.
  • the nozzle orifices in the wall of the tubular nozzle distributor have diameters increasing successively from the end with the thermodynamic medium supply.
  • the description includes flow rate charts in individual flow channels for an exemplary embodiment of the exchanger.
  • the specification US 20150122470 shows a concept of a tubular nozzle distributor, consisting in shortening the distributor pipe to 1 ⁇ 3 to 3 ⁇ 4 length of the inlet collector and with the blinded end enlarging the last nozzle orifice at the same time.
  • the prototype made according to the invention showed virtually uniform flow rates in individual flow channels with a preferred reduction in the pressure drop across the outlet collector—which, according to the inventor, resulted in the increase of exchanger efficiency by approximately 15% compared to a conventional solution.
  • Patent specification JPH 08261518 discloses also an exchanger of the device for manufacturing ice.
  • the radiators of the exchanger arranged horizontally and at intervals above each other are included as evaporators in the thermodynamic circuit of the heat pump.
  • the orifices which help to detach the ice with the flow of heated water after switching the exchanger cycle with the evaporator function on the condenser in the de-icing phase are present in the plates of the radiator, on both sides along the meandering flow channels holes.
  • thermodynamic medium starts at the inlet collector, passes through the flow channels and ends at the outlet collector-resulting in the temperature differential on the heat exchange surface.
  • uniformity of temperature on the entire exchange surface is very important for their efficiency. For example, in addition to refrigerators, this value is important in ice and chilled water devices for air conditioning.
  • the heat exchange unit according to the present invention comprises a tubular heat exchanger connected by, an inlet collector and an outlet collector into the thermodynamic medium circuit of the heat pump.
  • the collectors located in parallel and at the distance are connected by tubular flow channels perpendicular thereto and are connected together by the plate of the radiator while maintaining the heat conductivity.
  • the tubular nozzle distributor having many nozzle orifices on the side, directed co-axially to the flow channels, is introduced inwards, along the inlet collector.
  • the nozzle orifices in the tubular nozzle distributors have diameters increasing successively from the end of the thermodynamic medium supply.
  • the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the heat exchange unit consists of two identical heat exchangers incorporated simultaneously in the heat pump circuit. Final sections of the flow channel connections to the outlet collectors are bent off the radiator plane, which is determined by long, straight sections of the flow channels corning out from the inlet collector. The deflection has a dimension greater than half the sum of the outside diameters of the inlet and outlet collectors.
  • the heat exchangers are superimposed so that the straight long sections of their flow channels are alternating with each other in the plane of the radiator and are connected with one, common plate of the radiator.
  • an inlet collector of the first exchanger and the outlet collector of the second exchanger parallel to each other and on the other side an inlet collector of the second exchanger and an outlet collector of the first exchanger.
  • the nozzle distributors of the first and second heat exchangers are built into the adjacent ends of both inlet collectors.
  • an inter-collector insulating strip between the inlet collector and the outlet collector on both sides of the unit, separating the pipelines with various media of different physical state, with different temperatures.
  • the inlet collectors in both heat exchangers be located above the outlet collectors.
  • the surface between the outlet collectors of the two exchangers is covered by a counter-plate that adheres to the flow channels.
  • a counter-plate made of a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient, one-sidedly directs the heat transfer, is particularly useful for a horizontal unit, for example an ice-making device incorporated as an evaporator into the heat pump.
  • the counter-plate made of a material with good thermal conductivity is the condition for two-sided radiation of heat from the flow channels, which is preferred with the vertical construction of the unit.
  • pairs of the inlet collectors and outlet collector adjacent to each other on both sides of the unit are longitudinally covered by the edge thermal insulation.
  • FIG. 1 unit diagram
  • FIG. 2 unit in a perspective view
  • FIG. 3 vertical cross-section through the axis of the flow channel of the first exchanger
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 the middle fragments of the vertical cross-sections of two exemplary embodiments of the heat exchange surface, according to the line A-A in FIG. 2 ,
  • FIG. 6 a vertical cross-section of the unit according to the line C-C in FIG. 2 through the axis of the flow channel of the first heat exchanger
  • FIG. 7 a vertical cross-section of the unit according to the line D-D in FIG. 2 through the axis of the flow channel of the second heat exchanger
  • FIG. 8 a vertical cross-section of the left side of the heat exchange unit, with a counter-plate and edge thermal insulation.
  • the heat exchange unit 1 consists of two similar tubular heat exchangers 2 and 3 incorporated simultaneously in the circuit of the thermodynamic medium of the heat pump.
  • the unit can perform both the evaporator and condenser functions, working in horizontal or vertical positioning.
  • Each of the exchangers 2 and 3 with a harp system has parallel inlet collector 7 and outlet collector 8 spaced apart.
  • the collectors 7 . 1 and 8 . 1 of the first exchanger 2 and the collectors 7 . 2 and 82 . of the second exchanger 3 are connected by numerous tubular flow channels 5 . 1 and 5 . 2 located perpendicular.
  • the inlet collector 7 . 1 of the first exchanger 2 and the outlet collector ( 8 . 2 ) of the second exchanger 3 are located parallel to each other on both sides of the heat exchange unit 1 and on the other side the inlet collector 7 . 2 of the second exchanger 3 and the outlet collector 8 . 1 of the first exchanger 2 .
  • Tubular nozzle distributors 11 having many nozzle orifices 12 on the side, directed coaxially to the inlets 13 of the flow channels 5 . 1 and 5 . 2 , are introduced longitudinally to the inside of the inlet collectors 7 . 1 and 7 . 2 .
  • the diameters d 3 of the nozzle orifices 12 increase successively from the end of the thermodynamic medium supply.
  • Inter-collector insulating strips 14 which thermally separate the pipelines through which fluids of different temperatures flow are introduced on both sides of the unit between the inlet collectors 7 . 1 , 7 . 2 and the outlet collectors 8 . 1 , 8 . 2 .
  • FIG. 8 shows the implementation of the unit incorporated into the heat pump circuit as an evaporator, installed horizontally, where the surface between the outlet collectors 8 . 1 and 8 . 2 of both exchangers 2 and 3 is covered by a counter-plate 6 of thermally insulating material. Grooves including the flow channels 5 . 1 and 5 . 2 are performed in the counter-plate 6 , which allows the counter-board 6 to adhere to the plate of the radiator 4 .
  • edge thermal insulations 15 comprising pair of the inlet collectors 7 . 1 , 7 . 2 and outlet collectors 8 . 2 , 8 . 1 adjacent longitudinally to each other on both sides.
  • edge thermal insulations 15 comprising pair of the inlet collectors 7 . 1 , 7 . 2 and outlet collectors 8 . 2 , 8 . 1 adjacent longitudinally to each other on both sides.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Beverage Vending Machines With Cups, And Gas Or Electricity Vending Machines (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The unit comprises two similar heat exchangers (2.1, 2.2) included in the thermodynamic medium circuit through an inlet collectors (7.1, 7.2) and outlet collectors (8.1, 8.2), wherein the inlet collectors (7.1, 7.2) are connected with the outlet collectors (8.1, 8.2) through the perpendicular tubular flow channels (5.1, 5.2), wherein final sections (10.1, 10.2) of the flow channel connections (5.1, 5.2) to the outlet collector (8.1, 8.2) are bent off the plate of the radiator (4) common for both exchangers (2.1, 2.2) by a dimension (e) greater that half the sum of the outside diameters of the inlet (7.1, 7.2) and outlet collector (8.1, 8.2), wherein the tubular nozzle distributors, having many nozzle orifices on the side, directed coaxially to the flow channels (5.1, 5.2), are introduced to the inside of the inlet collectors (7.1, 7.2), wherein the diameters of the nozzle orifices increase successively from the end of the thermodynamic medium supply.

Description

  • The object of the invention is a heat exchange unit for the devices with a heat pump, used in particular as an evaporator in the device for manufacturing and storing ice.
  • Heat exchange between liquid streams of different temperatures is the basis for the operation of many industrial devices and those used privately in everyday life. The most common are heat exchangers with a partition through which heat exchange occurs with a cross flow of liquids. In addition to, for example, car radiators, boiler furnaces and solar collectors, exchangers are used in refrigeration and air conditioning, in devices with heat pumps, realizing the Linde thermodynamic cycle.
  • Among many known heat exchangers, solutions with a constructional system called “harp” are often used. For example, such exchangers are described in patent specifications WO 2013055519, US 20120292004 and US 20150122470. The exchangers comprise the inlet collector and the outlet collector, included in the circulation of the thermodynamic medium, which in a parallel and spaced apart position are connected through the perpendicular tubular flow channels. In the exchanger of WO 2013055519 the flow channels are connected the plate of the radiator, which may be a web sheet having a plurality of grooves tightly adhering to the pipes of the flow channels or after joining together two of such sheets they form a surface unit ensuring good thermal conductivity.
  • The efficiency of the heat exchanger is primarily dependent on the heat exchange surface and the homogeneous temperature conditions on this surface. In the exchanger of US 2012092004—in order to ensure the most even flow through all flow channels connected perpendicularly to the inlet collector and the simultaneous occurrence of similar phase transitions therein and in specific places—a tubular nozzle distributor was used, an example of which is described based on FIG. 6. The distributor is inserted longitudinally into the collector and has nozzle orifices directed coaxially to the flow channels along the side. There is a gap between the nozzle orifices and the orifices of the flow channels in the wall of the inlet collector, in which the swirls of the streams are suppressed—which is important especially for the nozzles in the initial section. The nozzle orifices in the wall of the tubular nozzle distributor have diameters increasing successively from the end with the thermodynamic medium supply. The description includes flow rate charts in individual flow channels for an exemplary embodiment of the exchanger. The specification US 20150122470 shows a concept of a tubular nozzle distributor, consisting in shortening the distributor pipe to ⅓ to ¾ length of the inlet collector and with the blinded end enlarging the last nozzle orifice at the same time. According to the applicant, the prototype made according to the invention showed virtually uniform flow rates in individual flow channels with a preferred reduction in the pressure drop across the outlet collector—which, according to the inventor, resulted in the increase of exchanger efficiency by approximately 15% compared to a conventional solution.
  • Patent specification JPH 08261518 discloses also an exchanger of the device for manufacturing ice. The radiators of the exchanger arranged horizontally and at intervals above each other are included as evaporators in the thermodynamic circuit of the heat pump. The orifices which help to detach the ice with the flow of heated water after switching the exchanger cycle with the evaporator function on the condenser in the de-icing phase are present in the plates of the radiator, on both sides along the meandering flow channels holes.
  • In harp exchangers, in particular of high efficiency, the phase transition of the thermodynamic medium starts at the inlet collector, passes through the flow channels and ends at the outlet collector-resulting in the temperature differential on the heat exchange surface. For many devices with a heat pump, uniformity of temperature on the entire exchange surface is very important for their efficiency. For example, in addition to refrigerators, this value is important in ice and chilled water devices for air conditioning.
  • The heat exchange unit according to the present invention, as in the above-described known solutions, comprises a tubular heat exchanger connected by, an inlet collector and an outlet collector into the thermodynamic medium circuit of the heat pump. The collectors located in parallel and at the distance are connected by tubular flow channels perpendicular thereto and are connected together by the plate of the radiator while maintaining the heat conductivity. The tubular nozzle distributor, having many nozzle orifices on the side, directed co-axially to the flow channels, is introduced inwards, along the inlet collector. The nozzle orifices in the tubular nozzle distributors have diameters increasing successively from the end of the thermodynamic medium supply. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the heat exchange unit consists of two identical heat exchangers incorporated simultaneously in the heat pump circuit. Final sections of the flow channel connections to the outlet collectors are bent off the radiator plane, which is determined by long, straight sections of the flow channels corning out from the inlet collector. The deflection has a dimension greater than half the sum of the outside diameters of the inlet and outlet collectors. The heat exchangers are superimposed so that the straight long sections of their flow channels are alternating with each other in the plane of the radiator and are connected with one, common plate of the radiator. On one side of the unit there is: an inlet collector of the first exchanger and the outlet collector of the second exchanger parallel to each other and on the other side an inlet collector of the second exchanger and an outlet collector of the first exchanger. The nozzle distributors of the first and second heat exchangers are built into the adjacent ends of both inlet collectors.
  • It is preferred to place an inter-collector insulating strip between the inlet collector and the outlet collector on both sides of the unit, separating the pipelines with various media of different physical state, with different temperatures.
  • In construction conditions with a horizontal location of the radiator plane, it is preferred that the inlet collectors in both heat exchangers be located above the outlet collectors.
  • In a further preferred embodiment, the surface between the outlet collectors of the two exchangers is covered by a counter-plate that adheres to the flow channels. The solution with a counter-plate made of a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient, one-sidedly directs the heat transfer, is particularly useful for a horizontal unit, for example an ice-making device incorporated as an evaporator into the heat pump. The counter-plate made of a material with good thermal conductivity is the condition for two-sided radiation of heat from the flow channels, which is preferred with the vertical construction of the unit.
  • In the next improvement, pairs of the inlet collectors and outlet collector adjacent to each other on both sides of the unit are longitudinally covered by the edge thermal insulation.
  • Simultaneous incorporation of two similar harp exchangers into the heat pump circuit, with the flow channels located alternately in one plane and connected with a common radiator plate results in the fact that the thermodynamic medium in adjacent flow channels travels in opposite directions but with locally and longitudinally overlapping isotherms of the temperature field. As a result, a uniform temperature distribution occurs over the entire surface of the radiator plate. High efficiency of the heat exchange unit affects the reduction of overall dimensions. Furthermore, in the horizontal installation of the unit according to the invention, bending down towards the outlet collectors of the final sections of the flow channels causes the oil suspended in the thermodynamic medium—introduced through the compressor—to freely drip into the collector, which, in the next cycle of operation, significantly facilitates the start-up of the device.
  • A full understanding of the solution according to the invention makes it possible to describe an exemplary implementation of a heat exchange unit which is incorporated as an evaporator into the heat pump circuit in the device for manufacturing and storing ice. The unit is shown in the drawing, whose figures show:
  • FIG. 1—unit diagram
  • FIG. 2—unit in a perspective view,
  • FIG. 3—vertical cross-section through the axis of the flow channel of the first exchanger,
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5—the middle fragments of the vertical cross-sections of two exemplary embodiments of the heat exchange surface, according to the line A-A in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 6—a vertical cross-section of the unit according to the line C-C in FIG. 2 through the axis of the flow channel of the first heat exchanger,
  • FIG. 7—a vertical cross-section of the unit according to the line D-D in FIG. 2 through the axis of the flow channel of the second heat exchanger,
  • FIG. 8—a vertical cross-section of the left side of the heat exchange unit, with a counter-plate and edge thermal insulation.
    •
  • The heat exchange unit 1 consists of two similar tubular heat exchangers 2 and 3 incorporated simultaneously in the circuit of the thermodynamic medium of the heat pump. The unit can perform both the evaporator and condenser functions, working in horizontal or vertical positioning. Each of the exchangers 2 and 3 with a harp system has parallel inlet collector 7 and outlet collector 8 spaced apart. The collectors 7.1 and 8.1 of the first exchanger 2 and the collectors 7.2 and 82. of the second exchanger 3 are connected by numerous tubular flow channels 5.1 and 5.2 located perpendicular. Final sections 10.1 and 10.2 of flow channel connections 5.1 and 5.2 to the outlet collector 8.1, 8.2 are deflected by a dimension (e) greater than half the sum of the outside diameters d1 of the inlet collector 7.1 and 7.2 and the diameter d2 of the outlet collector 8.1 and 8.2—as shown in FIG. 3 of the drawing. With superimposing the exchangers 2 and 3, the inlet collector 7.1 of the first exchanger 2 and the outlet collector (8.2) of the second exchanger 3 are located parallel to each other on both sides of the heat exchange unit 1 and on the other side the inlet collector 7.2 of the second exchanger 3 and the outlet collector 8.1 of the first exchanger 2. The flow channels 5.1 and 5.2 are connected—while maintaining good thermal conductivity—by the plate of the radiator 4 made of a material with high thermal conductivity coefficient between the inlet collectors 7.1 and 7.2 of both exchangers 2 and 3. Tubular nozzle distributors 11, having many nozzle orifices 12 on the side, directed coaxially to the inlets 13 of the flow channels 5.1 and 5.2, are introduced longitudinally to the inside of the inlet collectors 7.1 and 7.2. The diameters d3 of the nozzle orifices 12 increase successively from the end of the thermodynamic medium supply. Inter-collector insulating strips 14 which thermally separate the pipelines through which fluids of different temperatures flow are introduced on both sides of the unit between the inlet collectors 7.1, 7.2 and the outlet collectors 8.1, 8.2.
  • In conditions shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 and with horizontal installation of the heat exchange unit, the inlet collectors 7.1 and 7.2 in both heat exchangers 2 and 3 are arranged above the outlet collectors 8.1 and 8.2. FIG. 8 shows the implementation of the unit incorporated into the heat pump circuit as an evaporator, installed horizontally, where the surface between the outlet collectors 8.1 and 8.2 of both exchangers 2 and 3 is covered by a counter-plate 6 of thermally insulating material. Grooves including the flow channels 5.1 and 5.2 are performed in the counter-plate 6, which allows the counter-board 6 to adhere to the plate of the radiator 4. Using the unit in the ice-making device is supplemented by the incorporation of edge thermal insulations 15, comprising pair of the inlet collectors 7.1, 7.2 and outlet collectors 8.2, 8.1 adjacent longitudinally to each other on both sides. In the operation of the device—uniformity of temperature over the entire surface of the radiator, obtained as a result of local equalization of the amount of heat supplied to the radiator by contiguous counter-current flows of thermodynamic media in the phases of physical transition with a constant parameter difference—is essential for the production efficiency and storage capacity of the ice in the device.
    • LIST OF INDICATIONS IN THE FIGURE
    • 1. heat exchange unit
    • 2. first heat exchanger
    • 3. second heat exchanger
    • 4. plate of the radiator
    • 5. flow channels
    • 5.1 flow channels of the first exchanger
    • 5.2 flow channels of the second exchanger
    • 6. counter-plate
    • 7. inlet collector
    • 7.1 inlet collector of the first exchanger
    • 7.2 inlet collector of the second exchanger
    • 8. outlet collector
    • 8.1 outlet collector of the first exchanger
    • 8.2 outlet collector of the second exchanger
    • 9-9 radiator plane
    • 10. flow channel final section
    • 10.1 flow channel final section of the first exchanger
    • 10.2 flow channel final section of the second exchanger
    • 11. tubular nozzle distributor
    • 12. nozzle orifice
    • 13. flow channel inlet
    • 14. inter-collector insulating strip
    • 15. edge thermal insulation
    • e. the dimension of the inlet collector offset relative to the outlet collector d1. outside diameter of the inlet collector
    • d2. outside diameter of the outlet collector
    • d3. diameter of the nozzle orifice
    • k. the flow direction of the thermodynamic medium

Claims (6)

1. A heat exchange unit for the devices with a heat pump, in particular an evaporator in the device for manufacturing and storing ice, comprising a heat exchanger (2,3) included in the thermodynamic medium circuit through an inlet collector (7.1, 7.2) and an outlet collector (8.1, 8.2), which in a parallel position are connected through the perpendicular tubular flow channels (5.1, 5.2) and connected with the plate of the radiator (4), moreover, wherein the tubular nozzle distributor (11), having many nozzle orifices (12) on the side, directed coaxially to the flow channels (5), and whose diameters d3 increase successively from the end of the thermodynamic medium supply is inserted longitudinally to the inside of the inlet collectors (7.1, 7.2), characterized in that the unit consists of two similar heat exchangers (2, 3) incorporated simultaneously in the heat pump circuit, where the flow channels (5.1, 5.2) have the final sections (10.1, 10.2) of the connections to the outlet collector (8.1, 8.2) bent off the radiator plate (9-9)—determined by long, straight sections of the flow channels (5.1, 5.2) coming out from the inlet collector (7.1, 7.2)—by a dimension (e) greater than half the sum of the outside diameters (d1, d2) of the inlet (7.1, 7.2) and outlet (8.1, 8.2) collector, the heat exchangers (2, 3) being superimposed so that the straight long sections of the flow channels (5.1, 5.2) alternate with each other in the plane of the radiator (9-9) and are connected with one, common plate of the radiator (4), the inlet collector (7.1) of the first exchanger (2) and the outlet collector (8.2) of the second exchanger (3) are located parallel to each other on both sides of such unit and on the other side the inlet collector (7.2) of the second exchanger (3) and the outlet collector (8.1) of the first exchanger (2), moreover, the nozzle distributors (11) of the first (2) and second exchanger (3) are built into the adjacent ends of both inlet collectors (7.1, 7.2).
2. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inter-collector insulating strip (14) is introduced on both sides of the unit between the inlet collectors (7.1, 7.2) and the outlet collector (8.1, 8.2) of the exchangers (2, 3).
3. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, characterized in that in construction conditions with a horizontal location of the radiator plane (9-9), the inlet collectors (7.1, 7.2) in both heat exchangers (2, 3) are located above the outlet collectors (8.1, 8.2).
4. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface between the outlet collectors (8.1, 8.2) of both exchangers (2, 3) is covered by a counter-plate (6) that adheres to the flow channels (5.1, 5.2).
5. The heat exchange unit according to claim 4, characterized in that in construction conditions with a horizontal location of the radiator plane (9-9), the counter-plate is made of a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient.
6. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the areas of adjacent pairs of the inlet collector (7.1, 7.2) and outlet collector (8.2, 8.1), on both sides of the unit (1), are longitudinally covered by the edge thermal insulation (15).
US16/281,053 2017-04-24 2019-02-20 Heat exchange unit for devices with a heat pump, in particular an evaporator for manufacturing and storing ice Abandoned US20190212063A1 (en)

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PT3479042T (en) 2020-09-14
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HUE051649T2 (en) 2021-03-29
HRP20201305T1 (en) 2021-02-05

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