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US20180283684A1 - Crematoria - Google Patents

Crematoria Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180283684A1
US20180283684A1 US15/769,062 US201515769062A US2018283684A1 US 20180283684 A1 US20180283684 A1 US 20180283684A1 US 201515769062 A US201515769062 A US 201515769062A US 2018283684 A1 US2018283684 A1 US 2018283684A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
crematorium
chamber
primary
plenum
chambers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/769,062
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English (en)
Inventor
Vincent FERGUSON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INCINER8 Ltd
Original Assignee
INCINER8 Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INCINER8 Ltd filed Critical INCINER8 Ltd
Publication of US20180283684A1 publication Critical patent/US20180283684A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G1/00—Furnaces for cremation of human or animal carcasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/40—Portable or mobile incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
    • F23G2900/7009—Incinerating human or animal corpses or remains

Definitions

  • This invention relates to crematoria, and in particular to mobile or portable crematoria suitable for use in humanitarian applications.
  • Crematoria are used for burning human or animal remains and generally comprise a combustion chamber into which a human or animal body is placed, typically inside a coffin (casket).
  • the combustion chamber comprises a primary burner, which ignites, and which sustains the combustion of, the body within it. Once the contents of the combustion chamber have been fully burned, the resulting ash is collected, and removed, and the process can then be repeated as and when required.
  • a crematorium In contrast to an incinerator, which is used for the burning of general waste, a crematorium needs to be specially adapted to take into account various factors.
  • the flue gasses in an incinerator typically pass through a secondary burner to minimise or eliminate toxic combustion products
  • the secondary burn needs to be sustained to ensure that potentially bio-hazardous combustion products are not vented to atmosphere.
  • incinerators can be operated on a continuous basis: that is with waste being added batch-wise or continuously-fed. However, in the case of a crematorium, this is not generally considered to be respectful, and tends to breach many religious and cultural customs and requirements.
  • Crematoria are typically infrastructural installations, that is to say, comprising purpose-built buildings housing the crematorium itself, as well as chapels, mortuaries and other facilities that often accompany the respectful cremation of human remains.
  • crematoria are not widely available due to cultural and religious taboos associated with cremation.
  • there are circumstances where cremation is indicated notwithstanding the lack of facilities. For example, during the outbreak of a contagious disease, or following on from a natural disaster, there may be a great many bodies that need to be cremated because it is not possible or safe, under those circumstances, to follow burial practices. Further, in the case of certain natural disasters, especially where key infrastructure has been damaged, any available crematoria that would ordinarily have been used, may be out of operation.
  • KR100824597 (Sung, 23 April 2008); EP2194324 (Park, 9 Jun. 2010); and EP2045525 (Allessandretti, 8 Apr. 2009).
  • an incinerator is not able to respect the cultural and religious requirements associated with cremation.
  • incinerators are not adapted to be used intermittently: there being a requirement for a prolonged pre-heat and a cool-down cycle before it can be used again. This is no conducive to one-body-at-a-time cremation.
  • This invention aims to provide a solution to one or more of the above problems and/or to provide an improved and/or alternative crematorium.
  • a crematorium comprising sequentially interconnected primary, secondary, plenum and tertiary chambers, the a primary chamber being a combustion chamber shaped and sized to accommodate a human body and comprising one or more burners adapted, in use, to ignite, and sustain the combustion of, a human body placed inside the primary combustion chamber; the secondary and tertiary chambers each comprising one or more additional burners adapted, in use, to re-heat flue gasses expelled from the primary chamber, and wherein the plenum chamber is located adjacent the primary chamber such that re-heated flue gasses expelled from the secondary chamber heat at least one wall of the primary chamber
  • a crematorium comprising: a primary combustion chamber shaped and sized to accommodate a human body, the primary combustion chamber comprising: one or more primary burners adapted, in use, to ignite, and sustain the combustion of, a human body placed inside the primary combustion chamber; and a first outlet through which, in use, flue gasses are vented into a secondary chamber comprising: one or more secondary burners adapted, in use, to re-heat the flue gasses; and a second outlet leading to a plenum chamber located beneath the primary combustion chamber and being arranged such that, in use, the re-heated flue gasses from the secondary chamber heat the underside of a base wall of the primary combustion chamber, the plenum chamber comprising a third outlet leading to a tertiary chamber comprising one or more tertiary burners adapted, in use, to re-heat the flue gasses before they are vented to atmosphere via a flue.
  • the invention thus provides a crematorium having three combustion chambers.
  • This arrangement may be considered to have various advantages, such as:
  • the plenum chamber may act as a heat store underneath the primary combustion chamber.
  • the effects of cyclical thermal expansion and contraction (e.g. cracking of the refractory materials lining the chambers) associated with intermittent burn cycles may be reduced by maintaining the base wall (at least) of the primary combustion chamber at an elevated temperature, even when the primary burners are switched off.
  • the retention of heat in the plenum chamber may serve to speed-up the re-heat cycle of the primary combustion chamber when the crematorium is re-started.
  • a tertiary burner enables the already pre-heated flue gasses to be heated to a much higher temperature without necessarily needing higher capacity tertiary burners.
  • being able to use smaller burners with lower fuel requirements is generally considered to be advantageous.
  • the draw on the flue can be increased.
  • the crematorium comprised a primary combustion chamber, which is shaped and sized to accommodate a human body. Typically, therefore, the primary combustion chamber will be approximately 2 to 2.5 metres long, 1 to 1.5 metres wide and 1 to 1.5 metres high internally.
  • the primary combustion chamber is suitably manufactured from a refractory material, such as concrete or other pour-mouldable refractory materials or ceramics.
  • the primary combustion chamber suitably comprises an entrance doorway, at one end, through which a body to be cremated can be placed inside the primary combustion chamber.
  • the entrance doorway is suitably manufactured lined with a refractory material and due to its weight, may be mounted on a lift-assisted hinge or sliding device.
  • the primary combustion chamber comprises one or more ash chutes in its base wall through which ashes drop into a collection chamber.
  • An ash drawer may be provided within the collection chamber for conveniently containing the ashes and enabling them to be recovered from the primary combustion chamber.
  • the primary combustion chamber suitably comprises a plurality of primary burners. Such a configuration may serve to more evenly distribute heat with the primary combustion chamber and/or may enable smaller-capacity burners to be used.
  • the first outlet leads to the secondary chamber, and suitably comprises an aperture in a side wall of the primary combustion chamber providing fluid communication with an adjacent secondary chamber.
  • the secondary chamber may comprise a plurality of secondary burners for similar reasons to those stated previously.
  • the second outlet leads to the plenum chamber, and suitably comprises an aperture in a side wall of the secondary combustion chamber providing fluid communication with an adjacent plenum chamber.
  • the plenum chamber suitably comprises one or more baffles to cause the flue gasses to follow a serpentine path beneath the primary combustion chamber. This may increase the dwell time of the flue gasses in a re-heated state (increased time at temperature) and may also help to more evenly heat the base wall of the primary combustion chamber.
  • the third outlet leads to the tertiary chamber, and suitably comprises an aperture in a side wall of the plenum chamber providing fluid communication with an adjacent tertiary chamber.
  • the tertiary chamber may comprise a plurality of tertiary burners for similar reasons to those stated previously.
  • the flue suitably comprises a tubular flue stack, which in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is removable for storage and transportation.
  • the crematorium is containerised, that is to say, designed to fit into, and fitted into an ISO bulk transport container.
  • the containerisation of the crematorium facilitates the storage of the crematorium, in use, and also facilitates its transportation via land, sea or air.
  • the ISO container surrounding the crematorium is slightly oversized to provide some free space for the storage of fuel for the burners, the removed flue stack and/or other items (such as flat-packed coffins, religious artefacts etc.) that are needed when cremating a body.
  • the primary, secondary, plenum and tertiary chambers may be interconnected to form a unit.
  • the crematorium is at least partially modular, that is to say, having separate primary, secondary, plenum and tertiary chambers.
  • a shared tertiary chamber having a plurality of inlets that can register with, and/or be connected with a respective plurality of third outlets of a respective plurality of plenum chambers.
  • a modular crematorium system in which there is a shared tertiary and secondary chamber to which a plurality of modular crematoria connect, each modular crematorium comprising its own primary and plenum chambers whose outlets are configured to register with or otherwise connect to respective inlets of the shared secondary and tertiary chambers.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crematorium in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the crematorium of FIG. 1 on II-II;
  • FIG. 3 is a cutaway view of the crematorium of FIG. 1 showing its internal configuration
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are schematic perspective, side and plan views, respectively, of a first type of modular crematorium in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are schematic perspective, side and plan views, respectively, of a second type of modular crematorium in accordance with the invention.
  • a crematorium 10 in accordance with the invention comprises a main body portion 12 that is mounted within an external enclosure 14 in the form, in the illustrated embodiment, of a bulk transport ISO container.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings one of the sidewalls of the outer enclosure 14 has been removed for clarity.
  • the ISO container 14 is accessible via two sets of doors 16 located at opposite ends of the container, and it can be seen in FIG. 1 in particular, that when the doors 16 have been opened, a narrow passageway is formed down one side of the container 14 , which passageway 18 enables personnel to gain access to the crematorium 10 for servicing, maintenance and repair.
  • the passageway 18 additionally provides some empty space within the container 14 , which enables other items to be transported along with the crematorium 10 , for example fuel supplies, flat-packed coffins, etc., as may be required.
  • the main body 12 of the crematorium 10 is formed from a number of chambers, namely: a primary combustion chamber 20 , which is located above a plenum chamber 22 .
  • the plenum chamber 22 connects to a tertiary chamber 24 and the tertiary chamber 24 is vented to atmosphere via a flue stack 26 .
  • the flue stack 26 is removable for transportation and storage purposes, and can be stowed in the passageway 18 when the crematorium 10 is not in use.
  • the crematorium 10 additionally comprises a secondary combustion chamber 28 , which interconnects the primary combustion chamber 20 , and the plenum chamber 22 .
  • Each of the primary 20 , secondary 28 , and tertiary 24 chambers are provided with burner units 30 , 32 , 34 , whose functions shall be described hereinbelow.
  • Each of the chambers 20 , 22 , 24 , 28 are lined with refractory materials, such as cast concrete or slabs of refractory ceramics, to withstand the elevated temperatures that they experience, in use.
  • the refractory materials are held within a steel framework 36 to provide a robust construction and to prevent movement of the chambers relative to one another, for example during transportation.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings which shows the main body 12 of the crematorium 10 in section, it can be seen that the primary combustion chamber 20 is formed from sheets of relatively thick refractory material 38 , which are held in place by the supporting steel sheet and frame support system 36 mentioned previously.
  • the primary combustion chamber 20 is shaped and sized to accommodate a human body although will be appreciated that the dimensions of the primary combustion chamber can be selected to suit various requirements and also to optimise the combustion process as will be readily understood by persons skilled in the art.
  • the primary combustion chamber 20 is accessible via a doorway 40 , which is also lined with refractory material, which selectively opens and closes one end of the primary combustion chamber 20 to permit a body to be placed inside it.
  • the doorway 40 is supported on a hinge system comprising gas struts 42 to facilitate lifting and lowering the considerable weight of the door 40 in use.
  • the primary combustion chamber 20 comprises a base wall 50 , which separates the primary combustion chamber 20 from the plenum chamber 22 below it.
  • the base wall 50 comprises an ash chute 52 that enables ashes that remain in the combustion chamber 20 after cremation, to be brushed, or otherwise fed, into an ash collection drawer 54 below.
  • the ash collection drawer 54 facilitates the removal of the ashes from the primary combustion chamber 20 after each cremation cycle.
  • a service hatch 56 is also provided to facilitate maintenance of the interior of the primary combustion chamber 20 .
  • the primary combustion chamber 20 is fitted with two primary burners 30 , which ignite, and sustain the combustion of, the content of the primary combustion chamber, in use. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the provision of a number of primary burners 30 may be advantageous from the point of view of more evenly distributing the heat and combustion process within the primary combustion chamber 20 . The precise configuration of the primary burners is outside the scope of this disclosure, but will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the primary combustion chamber 20 comprises a first outlet 68 through which flue gasses can escape (as indicated by arrow 62 ) into the secondary combustion chamber 28 .
  • the secondary combustion chamber comprises a secondary burner 32 , which re-heats the flue gases and the down-angle of the secondary burner 32 is such that it forces the flue gases down inside the secondary chamber 28 and into the plenum chamber 22 located below the primary combustion chamber 20 .
  • the configuration of the secondary burner 32 facilitates the extraction of flue gases from the primary chamber 20 into the plenum chamber 22 , via the secondary chamber 28 .
  • the plenum chamber 22 is also formed from slabs of refractory material so that they can withstand the high temperatures of use.
  • the slabs are arranged to support the base wall 50 of the primary combustion chamber 20 , and also to form a series of staggered baffles 64 , which cause the flue gases to follow a serpentine pathway (as indicated by arrow 66 ) through the plenum chamber 22 below the primary combustion chamber 20 .
  • baffles 64 serves to increase the dwell time of the flue gases within the plenum chamber 22 , thus increasing their time-at-temperature, and thereby improving the neutralisation of the flue gases—as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the flue gases pass through the plenum chamber 22 , following the serpentine path 66 described above, before passing through an internal aperture 68 in one of the baffles 64 and then proceeding in an opposite direction, along an opposite side of the plenum chamber 22 (as indicated by dashed arrow 70 ), until the flue gases are discharged into the tertiary chamber 24 at the far end of the main body 12 .
  • the tertiary chamber 24 comprises a tertiary burner 34 located towards its base and angled slightly downwardly, to direct the flue gases along the base of the tertiary chamber 24 before they escape via the flue stack 26 , which is in fluid communication therewith.
  • the crematorium 10 of the invention comprises essentially three chambers, namely the primary combustion chamber 20 in which the body is cremated; a secondary chamber 28 in which the flue gases are re-heated; a plenum chamber 22 , through which the flue gases pass and in doing so increase the dwell time of the flue gases at elevated temperature and storing heat also in the base wall 50 of the primary combustion chamber 20 ; and a tertiary chamber 24 in which the flue gases are re-heated again by the tertiary burner 34 before they escape to atmosphere via the flue 26 .
  • This particular configuration may be advantageous because the time-at-temperature of the flue gases is greatly increased, thereby increasing the neutralisation efficiency of the system. Further, some of the heat generated by the system, in use, can be preserved in a heat store formed by the various chambers of the crematorium 10 .
  • a first type of modular crematorium 100 in accordance with the invention which comprises a shared, central secondary 102 and tertiary chamber 104 unit 105 , to which one or more main body portions 106 can be selectively affixed.
  • the main body portions 106 each comprise a primary combustion chamber 20 as previously described, which sits atop a plenum chamber 22 .
  • the primary combustion chamber 20 has an outlet tube 60 that connects to an inlet 108 of the secondary chamber 102 .
  • the secondary chamber 102 has an outlet 110 that connects to an inlet tube 112 of the plenum chamber 22 .
  • flue gasses flow, as indicated by arrow 62 , from the primary combustion chamber 20 , into the plenum chamber 22 , via the secondary chamber 102 .
  • the plenum chamber 22 has baffles (not shown) that cause the flow of flue gasses, as indicated by arrow 66 , to flow through the plenum chamber 22 to a plenum outlet tube 114 that connects to an inlet 116 of the tertiary chamber 104 .
  • the flue stack 26 provides an outlet for the twice-reheated flue gasses, as indicate by arrow 116 .
  • a second type of modular crematorium 120 in accordance with the invention which comprises a shared, central tertiary chamber 104 formed as a unit 105 , to which one or more main body portions 106 can be selectively affixed.
  • the main body portions 106 in this embodiment, each comprise a primary combustion chamber 20 as previously described, which sits atop a plenum chamber 22 and adjacent to a secondary chamber 122 .
  • the primary combustion chamber 20 has an outlet 60 connecting an inlet of the secondary chamber 122 .
  • the secondary chamber 122 has an outlet 130 that connects to an inlet of the plenum chamber 22 .
  • flue gasses flow, as indicated by arrow 62 , from the primary combustion chamber 20 , into the plenum chamber 22 , via the secondary chamber 122 .
  • the plenum chamber 22 has baffles (not shown) that cause the flow of flue gasses, as indicated by arrow 66 , to flow through the plenum chamber 22 to a plenum outlet tube 124 that connects to an inlet 126 of the tertiary chamber 124 .
  • the flue stack 26 provides an outlet for the twice-reheated flue gasses, as indicated by arrow 116 .
  • the modular systems described above enable a central unit 105 to be used in conjunction with one or more main body portions 106 , 126 , thus forming a group.
  • the main advantages of such a configuration are rationalisation, flexibility and expandability: the system 100 , 120 can be adapted or modified to suit different requirements from a kit of parts.
  • the burners (not shown) of these chambers can be operated independently of the burners of the primary combustion chambers 20 , thus potentially leading to shorter cycle times for the main body portions 106 , which now only need to partially re-heated between cycles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
US15/769,062 2015-10-23 2015-10-23 Crematoria Abandoned US20180283684A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2015/053192 WO2017068312A1 (en) 2015-10-23 2015-10-23 Crematoria

Publications (1)

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US20180283684A1 true US20180283684A1 (en) 2018-10-04

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US15/769,062 Abandoned US20180283684A1 (en) 2015-10-23 2015-10-23 Crematoria

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US (1) US20180283684A1 (pl)
EP (1) EP3365601B1 (pl)
AU (1) AU2015412402A1 (pl)
DK (1) DK3365601T3 (pl)
ES (1) ES2733698T3 (pl)
HR (1) HRP20191204T1 (pl)
LT (1) LT3365601T (pl)
PL (1) PL3365601T3 (pl)
WO (1) WO2017068312A1 (pl)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3812795A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-05-28 Austral Incinerator Corp Incinerator
US3838651A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-10-01 R Dingwell Incinerators
US4685403A (en) * 1986-12-08 1987-08-11 Crawford James P Auxiliary incinerator apparatus
EP0805305A2 (en) * 1996-05-01 1997-11-05 Cremation Technology International Ltd. Cremators
US5926933A (en) * 1995-01-17 1999-07-27 R & K Incinerator, Inc. Method of lining an animal carcass incinerator
US20060090676A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2006-05-04 Onex, Inc. Crematory with incinerator
US20110036280A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Bruce Toase Waste processing system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100824597B1 (ko) * 2006-11-29 2008-04-23 성래경 이동식 무취 친환경 화장로 장치
ITBS20070143A1 (it) * 2007-10-02 2009-04-03 Cesarina Alessandretti Cellula funeraria
US20100139533A1 (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-10 Jin-shin Park Movable integrated cremation device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3812795A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-05-28 Austral Incinerator Corp Incinerator
US3838651A (en) * 1973-03-14 1974-10-01 R Dingwell Incinerators
US4685403A (en) * 1986-12-08 1987-08-11 Crawford James P Auxiliary incinerator apparatus
US5926933A (en) * 1995-01-17 1999-07-27 R & K Incinerator, Inc. Method of lining an animal carcass incinerator
EP0805305A2 (en) * 1996-05-01 1997-11-05 Cremation Technology International Ltd. Cremators
US20060090676A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2006-05-04 Onex, Inc. Crematory with incinerator
US20110036280A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Bruce Toase Waste processing system

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Publication number Publication date
EP3365601B1 (en) 2019-04-10
EP3365601A1 (en) 2018-08-29
AU2015412402A1 (en) 2018-06-07
ES2733698T3 (es) 2019-12-02
WO2017068312A1 (en) 2017-04-27
LT3365601T (lt) 2019-09-25
DK3365601T3 (da) 2019-07-08
PL3365601T3 (pl) 2019-09-30
HRP20191204T1 (hr) 2019-10-18

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