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US20160008875A1 - Machine for forming metal bars - Google Patents

Machine for forming metal bars Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160008875A1
US20160008875A1 US14/859,570 US201514859570A US2016008875A1 US 20160008875 A1 US20160008875 A1 US 20160008875A1 US 201514859570 A US201514859570 A US 201514859570A US 2016008875 A1 US2016008875 A1 US 2016008875A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
ingot mould
cover
ingot
mould
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/859,570
Inventor
Giovanni Faoro
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ikoi SpA
Original Assignee
Ikoi SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ikoi SpA filed Critical Ikoi SpA
Priority to US14/859,570 priority Critical patent/US20160008875A1/en
Assigned to IKOI S.R.L. reassignment IKOI S.R.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FAORO, Giovanni
Publication of US20160008875A1 publication Critical patent/US20160008875A1/en
Priority to US15/882,469 priority patent/US10137495B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
    • B22D9/003—Machines or plants for casting ingots for top casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D5/00—Machines or plants for pig or like casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/022—Casting heavy metals, with exceedingly high melting points, i.e. more than 1600 degrees C, e.g. W 3380 degrees C, Ta 3000 degrees C, Mo 2620 degrees C, Zr 1860 degrees C, Cr 1765 degrees C, V 1715 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/025—Casting heavy metals with high melting point, i.e. 1000 - 1600 degrees C, e.g. Co 1490 degrees C, Ni 1450 degrees C, Mn 1240 degrees C, Cu 1083 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/027—Casting heavy metals with low melting point, i.e. less than 1000 degrees C, e.g. Zn 419 degrees C, Pb 327 degrees C, Sn 232 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D47/00—Casting plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/064—Cooling the ingot moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/066—Manufacturing, repairing or reinforcing ingot moulds
    • B22D7/068—Manufacturing, repairing or reinforcing ingot moulds characterised by the materials used therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots

Definitions

  • the present invention regards a machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots made of precious metal such as gold, silver, precious alloys, as well as other pure metals or different alloys.
  • the melting method and subsequent solidification of the metal in the special moulds When producing ingots with weight varying between 50 g and 50 Kg there is instead used the melting method and subsequent solidification of the metal in the special moulds.
  • the metal to be melted is placed within ladles, in form of powders, granules or loose raw materials of various sizes, wherein it is brought to melting. Then the molten metal is poured in single ingot moulds, generally shaped to form a truncated-trapezoid wherein, solidifying, it takes the form of an ingot.
  • the ingots available in the market besides having an exact purity if made of pure metal, or an exact percentage of pure metal if made of an alloy (the so-called “count”), must have extremely precise dimensions and weight, an external configuration with regular surfaces, without depressions or cracks, a uniform coloration and, above all, they must have a perfect internal metal-graphic structure, without blowholes, microporosities and structural tensions.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots, made of precious and non-precious material and, which does not have the drawbacks revealed by the plants of known type.
  • FIG. 1 represents an elevational view of the machine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a detailed view of the ingot mould according to the invention.
  • the machine according to the invention comprises, by way of example, a station for loading and pushing, indicated with reference 101 , the ingot moulds 1 and a melting station for the metal contained in the ingot moulds, indicated with reference 102 .
  • the empty ingot moulds 1 interposing between an ingot mould and the subsequent one or between groups of two or more mutually adjacent ingot moulds, spacers 2 , made of graphite or any other refractory material, which have the function of maintaining a predefined distance between the single ingot moulds or between the groups of ingot moulds, in a manner such that the ingot moulds 1 , forming a “train of ingot moulds” are positioned, during the forward movement, always correctly within the work area.
  • said operating surface is also provided with a pushing device 3 , driven variously, such as by a worm screw, a pneumatic means, hydraulic means or any other means, which provides for pushing, with a predefined “pitch”, the aforementioned train forward, and then returning and thus freeing space on the aforementioned loading surface, to allow depositing further empty ingot moulds.
  • a pushing device 3 driven variously, such as by a worm screw, a pneumatic means, hydraulic means or any other means, which provides for pushing, with a predefined “pitch”, the aforementioned train forward, and then returning and thus freeing space on the aforementioned loading surface, to allow depositing further empty ingot moulds.
  • each single ingot mould 1 there is poured an exact weight of metal, in form of powder, grits or swarf of various sizes and there is added a chemical additive, which creates a chemical reaction with the impurities contained in the metal and which is made up of boric acid, borax, potassium nitrates, ammonium, sodium, lithium and potassium and sodium chlorides, used separately or mixed.
  • a chemical additive which creates a chemical reaction with the impurities contained in the metal and which is made up of boric acid, borax, potassium nitrates, ammonium, sodium, lithium and potassium and sodium chlorides, used separately or mixed.
  • the ingot mould 1 may have a dimension in height such that, when it is filled with the exact weight of metal, the cover 4 thereof rests on the metal, but remains raised with respect to the abutment of the edge of the ingot mould, this allowing the bottom of the cover to compress and thus regularly compact the powders, the grits or the swarf so that, during the subsequent melting step, when the volume occupied by the mass of metal reduces gradually even up to one third of the initial solid volume, the cover lowers progressively as the metal melts, until it rests on the aforementioned abutment, thus hermetically closing the ingot mould.
  • the interior space of the ingot mould 1 is made up of two distinct volumes.
  • the lower volume 1 . 1 constitutes the actual “mould”, wherein there are determined the form and the dimensions of the ingot, according to the international standards, such as for example the LMBA standards, or with the other specific requirements of the client and a second upper volume 1 . 2 , which can be differently configured, with the aim of facilitating the deposit of the metal during the loading step.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots made of precious metal such as gold, silver, precious alloys, as well as other pure metals or different alloys, in the form of solid metal powder, grits or swarf of various sizes, having an ingot mould and a cover for closing the ingot mould when filled, the ingot mould has a dimension in height such that the cover passes from a first position to a second position when the volume occupied by the mass of metal that fills the ingot mould reduces gradually up to one third of the initial solid volume. In the first position the cover rests on the metal that fills the ingot mold and remains raised with respect to an abutting edge of the ingot mould, in such a manner that the bottom of the cover compresses and thus uniformly compacts the powders, the grits or the swarf so that, during the melting step, in the second position, the cover lowers progressively as the metal melts, until it rests on the abutting edge of the ingot mold, thus hermetically closing the ingot mould.

Description

  • This is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/007,910, filed Oct. 17, 2013, which in turn is the National Stage of PCT/EP2012/001377 filed on Mar. 29, 2012, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Italian Application No. VI2011A000076 filed on Apr. 1, 2011. The international application under PCT article 21(2) was published in English. The disclosures of the referenced applications are incorporated herein by reference.
  • The present invention regards a machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots made of precious metal such as gold, silver, precious alloys, as well as other pure metals or different alloys.
  • As known, producing ingots, in particular made of gold, silver, precious alloys, other pure metals and different alloys, is usually obtained by means of two different methods.
  • When producing light ingots, from 5 g up to 50 g, there is used a cold moulding and coining process, starting from semi-finished products, such as cylindrical-shaped preformed pads or billets.
  • When producing ingots with weight varying between 50 g and 50 Kg there is instead used the melting method and subsequent solidification of the metal in the special moulds. In practice, the metal to be melted is placed within ladles, in form of powders, granules or loose raw materials of various sizes, wherein it is brought to melting. Then the molten metal is poured in single ingot moulds, generally shaped to form a truncated-trapezoid wherein, solidifying, it takes the form of an ingot.
  • Such two operations, the melting one and the subsequent one for solidifying the material, must be carried out with special care, given that the obtained end-product must meet strict and specific standard requirements.
  • Actually the ingots available in the market, besides having an exact purity if made of pure metal, or an exact percentage of pure metal if made of an alloy (the so-called “count”), must have extremely precise dimensions and weight, an external configuration with regular surfaces, without depressions or cracks, a uniform coloration and, above all, they must have a perfect internal metal-graphic structure, without blowholes, microporosities and structural tensions.
  • In order to avoid obtaining faulty ingots not capable of allowing obtaining “punching”, which would thus be considered as waste material, it is necessary that the entire production cycle be carried out with much care, in particular during the steps of melting, solidifying and cooling the metal.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots, made of precious and non-precious material and, which does not have the drawbacks revealed by the plants of known type.
  • The characteristics of the invention will be made more clear through the description of a possible embodiment thereof, provided by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:
  • FIG. 1 represents an elevational view of the machine according to the invention; and
  • FIG. 2 represents a detailed view of the ingot mould according to the invention.
    •
  • As observable from the drawings, the machine according to the invention, generally indicated with reference 100, comprises, by way of example, a station for loading and pushing, indicated with reference 101, the ingot moulds 1 and a melting station for the metal contained in the ingot moulds, indicated with reference 102.
  • As can be seen in FIG. 1, on a loading surface of the first operating station 101 there are positioned the empty ingot moulds 1, interposing between an ingot mould and the subsequent one or between groups of two or more mutually adjacent ingot moulds, spacers 2, made of graphite or any other refractory material, which have the function of maintaining a predefined distance between the single ingot moulds or between the groups of ingot moulds, in a manner such that the ingot moulds 1, forming a “train of ingot moulds” are positioned, during the forward movement, always correctly within the work area. Furthermore, said operating surface is also provided with a pushing device 3, driven variously, such as by a worm screw, a pneumatic means, hydraulic means or any other means, which provides for pushing, with a predefined “pitch”, the aforementioned train forward, and then returning and thus freeing space on the aforementioned loading surface, to allow depositing further empty ingot moulds.
  • From an operational point of view, in each single ingot mould 1 there is poured an exact weight of metal, in form of powder, grits or swarf of various sizes and there is added a chemical additive, which creates a chemical reaction with the impurities contained in the metal and which is made up of boric acid, borax, potassium nitrates, ammonium, sodium, lithium and potassium and sodium chlorides, used separately or mixed. Lastly, in said first station 101 there occurs the positioning of the cover 4 for closing the filled ingot mould.
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, as can be seen in the detailed FIG. 2, the ingot mould 1 may have a dimension in height such that, when it is filled with the exact weight of metal, the cover 4 thereof rests on the metal, but remains raised with respect to the abutment of the edge of the ingot mould, this allowing the bottom of the cover to compress and thus regularly compact the powders, the grits or the swarf so that, during the subsequent melting step, when the volume occupied by the mass of metal reduces gradually even up to one third of the initial solid volume, the cover lowers progressively as the metal melts, until it rests on the aforementioned abutment, thus hermetically closing the ingot mould.
  • Furthermore, the interior space of the ingot mould 1 is made up of two distinct volumes. The lower volume 1.1 constitutes the actual “mould”, wherein there are determined the form and the dimensions of the ingot, according to the international standards, such as for example the LMBA standards, or with the other specific requirements of the client and a second upper volume 1.2, which can be differently configured, with the aim of facilitating the deposit of the metal during the loading step.
  • The invention thus conceived can be subjected to numerous variants and modifications and the construction details thereof can be replaced by technically equivalent elements, all falling within the inventive concept defined by the following claims.

Claims (2)

1. A machine for forming metal bars, in particular for producing ingots made of precious metal such as gold, silver, precious alloys, as well as other pure metals or different alloys, in the form of solid metal powder, grits or swarfs of various sizes, as well as other pure metals or different alloys, comprising at least one ingot mould and a cover for closing said at least one ingot mould when filled, wherein said at least one ingot mould has a height dimension such that said cover passes from a first position to a second position when the volume occupied by the mass of metal that fills said at least one ingot mould reduces gradually up to one third of the initial solid volume, in said first position said cover rests on the metal that fills said at least one ingot mold and remains raised with respect to an abutting edge of said at least one ingot mould, in such a manner that the bottom of the cover compresses and thus uniformly compacts the solid metal powder, grits or swarf so that, during the melting step, in said second position, said cover lowers progressively as the metal melts, until it rests on said abutting edge, thus hermetically closing said at least one ingot mould.
2. The machine according to claim 1, wherein the interior space of said at least one ingot mould comprises two distinct volumes, a first lower volume, which constitutes the actual mould wherein the form and the dimensions of the ingot are determined, and a second upper volume, configured to facilitate the deposit of the solid metal powder, grits or swarf during a loading step.
US14/859,570 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars Abandoned US20160008875A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/859,570 US20160008875A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US15/882,469 US10137495B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2018-01-29 Machine for forming metal bars

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000076A ITVI20110076A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 MACHINE FOR FORMING METAL BARS
ITVI2011A000076 2011-04-01
US14/007,910 US9168582B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
PCT/EP2012/001377 WO2012130451A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,570 US20160008875A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/007,910 Division US9168582B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
PCT/EP2012/001377 Division WO2012130451A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars

Related Child Applications (1)

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US15/882,469 Continuation US10137495B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2018-01-29 Machine for forming metal bars

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US20160008875A1 true US20160008875A1 (en) 2016-01-14

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US14/007,910 Active US9168582B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,588 Abandoned US20160008874A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,570 Abandoned US20160008875A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,539 Abandoned US20160228944A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US15/882,469 Active US10137495B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2018-01-29 Machine for forming metal bars

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US14/007,910 Active US9168582B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2012-03-29 Machine for forming metal bars
US14/859,588 Abandoned US20160008874A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars

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US14/859,539 Abandoned US20160228944A1 (en) 2011-04-01 2015-09-21 Machine for forming metal bars
US15/882,469 Active US10137495B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2018-01-29 Machine for forming metal bars

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (5) US9168582B2 (en)
EP (4) EP2730348A3 (en)
JP (2) JP5941529B2 (en)
KR (4) KR20150131396A (en)
CN (4) CN105436437B (en)
AU (2) AU2012237528A1 (en)
BR (1) BR112013025106A2 (en)
CA (2) CA2910705A1 (en)
HK (2) HK1223329A1 (en)
IT (1) ITVI20110076A1 (en)
RU (3) RU2602924C2 (en)
SG (2) SG193456A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012130451A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201306824B (en)

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