US20150218711A1

US20150218711A1 - Anti-Corrosion Coating Utilizing Bacterial Precipitated Exopolysaccharides

Info

Publication number: US20150218711A1
Application number: US14/685,934
Authority: US
Inventors: Victoria L. Finkenstadt; Gregory L. Cote; Julious L. Willett
Original assignee: US Department of Agriculture USDA
Current assignee: US Department of Agriculture USDA
Priority date: 2010-09-30
Filing date: 2015-04-14
Publication date: 2015-08-06
Also published as: US9034436B1

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for inhibiting corrosion on corrosion-sensitive metal with a bacterial exopolysaccharide. Specifically, exopolysaccharides precipitated from NRRL bacterial strains B-1254, B-1355, B-1498, and B-1500 coated on low carbon steel alloy confers anti-corrosion coating to corrosion sensitive metals. Preferably with the coating, the corrosion rate for coated metal is less than 0.4 milli-inch per year.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Ser. No. 61/388,093, which was filed on Sep. 30, 2010, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

The corrosion of metal degrades iron-based tools and structures presents a challenging problem to industries worldwide. When metals come in contact with different environments such as air, water, chemical products, and pollutants, they begin to degrade as a result of the metal interacting with its environment. For example, rusting is the lost of electrons from metals reacting with water and oxygen. This type of electrochemical corrosion causes severe damage to industrial equipment, materials, and buildings.
Current corrosion control measures include non-electrochemical means by galvanizing metal with an inexpensive metallic element. Typically, the galvanization process coats steel with zinc. Additionally, there are electrochemical means of protecting metal from corrosion via a cathodic protection wherein the metal to be protected acts as a cathode and is in electrochemical contact with another more corrosive metal acting as an anode. However, these measures have the disadvantage of being costly measure for controlling corrosion. The adoption of preventive measures that reduce or eliminate corrosion is financially costly and time consuming. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) estimated in 1996 that the cost of corrosion for the United States is over $300 billion. Given high cost of corrosion control there is a need to explore other corrosion control methods.
Other corrosion protection control means include applying a protective paint or epoxy coating to form a physical barrier between the metal surface from oxidizing with oxygen. The measure of applying a protective coating on metals has the advantage that the coating can be applied post-manufacturing of the metal. However, using such a protective coating has the drawback of necessitating constant maintenance through re-application inasmuch as a rupture in the coating allows for localized corrosion to occur under the protective coat and ultimately disputes the protective coating. Ideally, a protective coating would have self-healing properties and would not require re-application or minimize re-application.
Microbial populations have been observed to both increase as well as decrease the rate of metal corrosion. As detailed in Jayaramna et al., 1997, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 18, 396-401, cultures of bacterial species of Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., and Hafnia alvei, have induced corrosion of mild steel. On the other hand, cultures of aerobic bacteria species Pseudomonans S9 and Serratia marscens EF190 have been shown to confer a 10-fold corrosion inhibition of SIS 1146 steel. See Pedersen et al., 1989, Biofouling 1:313-322. Additionally, it has been reported that bacteria species Pseudomonas fragi and Escherichia coli DH5α(pKMY319) conferred corrosion protection of mild steel in a LB medium. See Jayaraman, et al., 1997, App Microbiol Biotechnol, 47:62-68. In these cases, the metal was submerged in an aqueous medium inoculated by a bacterial species. The bacteria colonized the metal substrate and excreted a heterogeneous exopolysaccharide adhering to metal surfaces facilitated by the functional groups of the exopolymer substance.
Various bacteria, such as Leuconostoc sp., produce exopolysaccharides into their surroundings. As disclosed in WO 03/008618, an α-1,6 glucan produced by Lactobacillus strain LMG P-20349 during the growth phase conferred anticorrosion properties to plain carbon steel sheets that were exposed to slightly corrosive medium of 0.1M LiClO₄. The treated sheet with the Lactobacillus strain produced exopolysaccharide left a thin black layer, whereas the control and sheets covered with an exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus sake displayed corrosion and localized corrosion respectively. Given the differences in anticorrosion properties of exopolysaccharides produced by different bacteria strains, there is a need in the art to determine as to which exopolysaccharides provide corrosion inhibition properties.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Disclose herein is a method for inhibiting corrosion on corrosion-sensitive metal with a bacterial exopolysaccharide, the method comprising culturing a bacterial strain wherein the bacterial strain is selected from strains NRRL B-1254, NRRL B-1355, NRRL B-1498, or NRRL B-1500, precipitating a substantially pure exopolysaccharide fraction from said culture, applying the substantially pure exopolysaccharide to corrosion-sensitive metal. In one embodiment of the invention corrosion-sensitive metal having an exopolysaccharide applied to said metal has a corrosive rate of less than 0.4 milli-inch per year.
In an embodiment, the exopolysaccharide is precipitated from a cell-free culture fluid. In another embodiment of the invention, the exopolysaccharide prevents corrosion in a pure salt oxidization environment. In various embodiments of the invention, the exopolysaccharide fraction is a mixed, native fraction precipitated from strain NRRL B-1254, a L-fraction precipitated from strain NRRL B-1498, or a L[S]-fraction precipitated from strain NRRL B-1254.
In one embodiment of the invention, the exopolysaccharide fraction is applied via spray coating, while in another embodiment the exopolysaccharide fraction is applied via cast films. In another embodiment of the invention, the exopolysaccharide is applied to the corrosion-sensitive metal at a minimum thickness of approximately 50 nm. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the corrosion-sensitive metal is a low carbon steel alloy.
Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting corrosion on corrosion-sensitive metal with a bacterial derived exopolysaccharide, the method comprising coating steel with an aqueous solution of substantially pure exopolysaccharide, wherein the exopolysaccharide is precipitated from a Leuconostoc species culture, wherein the culture is selected from the group consisting of NRRL B-1254, NRRL B-1355, NRRL B-1498, and NRRL B-1500. In one embodiment of the invention, the exopolysaccharide is precipitated from strain NRRL B-1254. In another embodiment of the invention, the exopolysaccharide fraction is precipitated from strain NRRL B-1498. In another embodiment of the invention, the exopolysaccharide is precipitated from strain NRRL B-1355. In another embodiment of the invention, the exopolysaccharide is precipitated from strain NRRL B-1500. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the exopolysaccharide is applied to low carbon steel alloy.
Also disclosed herein is a steel metal alloy comprising a substrate with an exterior surface; and a protective coating positioned on said exterior surface that reduces corrosion of said exterior surface; wherein said coating comprises a exopolysaccharide coating precipitated from a bacterial culture selected from the group consisting of NRRL B-1254, NRRL B-1355, NRRL B-1498, and NRRL B-1500. In one embodiment of the invention, the metal alloy is a low carbon steel alloy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1A depicts exopolysaccharide coating derived from B-1498 cast on a SAE 1010 steel panel for flash corrosion purposes. The depiction shows the panel coated with a dime sized L-fraction exopolysaccharide and allowing the exopolysaccharide to dry with a subsequent depiction of the area after subjecting the coated area to electrochemical impedance measurement.

FIG. 1B depicts a SAE 1010 steel panel without any exopolysaccharide coatings. A subsequent depiction shows an electrochemical impedance measurement of a dime sized area.

FIG. 1C depicts exopolysaccharide coating derived from B-1355 cast on a SAE 1010 steel panel for flash corrosion purposes. The depiction shows the panel coated with a dime sized native, mixed-fraction exopolysaccharide and allowing the exopolysaccharide to dry with a subsequent depiction of the area after subjecting the coated area to electrochemical impedance measurement.

FIG. 2 is a graph of polarized resistance (solid bar graph) and corrosion rate (hatched bar graph) for a plurality of exopolysaccharides precipitated from NRRL B-1254, B-1355, B-1498, B-1500, B-1213, B-1203, B-1208, B-1417, B-1290, B-1212, B-742, B-1422, B-1207, B-1384, B-1395, B-1382, B-1390, B-1216, B-1527, B-1211, B-1499, B-1202, B-1127, B-1525, B-1205, bare metal, and water spray on coated on SAE 1010 steel.

FIG. 3 is a Nyquist plot of an electrochemical impedance response of 30 to 50 nanometers thick coating on SAE 1010 steel of a L[S]-fraction exopolysaccharide precipitated from NRRL B-1254 (Δ), a L-fraction exopolysaccharide precipitated from NRRL B-1498 (⋄), a fraction exopolysaccharide precipitated from NRRL B-1355 (∘), a native, mixed-fraction exopolysaccharide precipitated from NRRL B-1254 (□), and uncoated metal as represented by an asterisk (*).

FIG. 4 depicts an atomic force microscopy image of a native, mixed-fraction exopolysaccharide precipitated from NRRL B-1355 and having a scratch followed by the self-healing property of the exopolysaccharide after 15 second immersion in water.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions

As used in the specification and claims, the singular form “a”, “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a cell” includes a plurality of cells, including mixtures thereof.
As used in the specification and claims, the term “biofilm” refers to high molecular weight matrix of polymeric substance embedded with an aggregate of microorganism that produced the polymeric substance. An example of polymeric substance produced is exopolysaccharides. Exemplar microorganisms that produce exopolysaccharides include, but are not limited to bacterial species such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Lactobacillus satsumensis, Desulfovibrio sp., Thiobacillus sp., as well as autotrophic algae sources. In the case of Leuconostoc species, various exopolysaccharides are secreted in culture requiring the exopolysaccharides to be extracted. An example of extracting exopolysaccharides from culture includes an ethanol extraction method, as detailed infra.
As used in the specification and claims, the term “substantially pure exopolysaccharide” refers to a exopolysaccharide a high degree of purity relative extracted from culture or extracted from a microorganism cell outer surface. One of skill in the art will readily recognize that any exopolysaccharide, even after purification, may contain a “contaminant” to a greater or lesser degree. Accordingly, although the purified chemical compounds have been “purified”, absolute purity may not be necessarily be obtained, without significant sacrifice of yield.
Different exopolysaccharide fractions are precipitated from bacterial strains depending on the percentage of alcohol in which the exopolysaccharide precipitates from solution. Exopolysaccharide fractions precipitated from identified bacterial strains are identified by the exopolysaccharide solubility in water-alcohol mixtures. In general, the designation “L-fraction” is recognized as a less soluble fraction exopolysaccharide fraction precipitated from a bacterial strain, whereas a “S-fraction” designates a more soluble fraction. A fraction having a “N” designation is a native unfractionated mixture of “S” and “L” fractions.
As used herein, “L-fraction” refers to exopolysaccharides that precipitate from supercentrifugation in a concentration range that is specific to the strain of bacteria in question. For NRRL B-1355, fraction L is that fraction which precipitates at an ethanol concentration of 36-37% whereas fraction S precipitates at an ethanol concentration of 39-41% when performed under the conditions defined by C. A. Wilham, C. A., et al., 1955, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 59:61-75. The L-fractions and S-fractions from strain B-1498 precipitate in essentially the same ethanol range as the L- and S-fractions from B-1355. In the instance of NRRL B-1254, fraction L was originally reported to precipitate at an ethanol concentration of approximately 35-36%, whereas fraction S precipitated at 36-37% ethanol. It should be pointed out that these alcohol percentages may vary according to temperature, dextran concentration, and other variables, but fraction L is always less soluble in alcohol-water mixtures relative to fraction S.
Particular to fractions obtained from B-1254, Seymour, R. D., et al., 1979, Carbohydrate Research 68:123-140, proposed switching the designations for B-1254 fractions, based on structural information, so that fraction L became fraction S[L] and fraction S became fraction L[S]. To avoid ambiguity, as used herein for B-1254 derived fractions, the nomenclature disclosed in Seymour et al. will be used.
As defined herein, corrosion rate of mill-inch per year was calculated via the formula:
$C . R . = 0.13 \frac{(Icorr) (EW)}{D}$
wherein Icorr is the corrosion current, EW is the equivalent weight of species, and D is density.
Purified exopolysaccharides produced from bacteria were dispersed in nanopure water and cast onto SAE 1018 steel. Tested exopolysaccharides along with their culture source are listed infra in Table 1 for flash corrosion. Electrochemical Impedance Measurements are listed in Table 2.
As used herein, bacterial strains NRRL B-1254, B-1355, B-1498, B-1254, B-1500, B-1213, B-1203, B-1208, B-1254, B-1417, B-1290, B-1212, B-742, B-1422, B-1207, B-1384, B-1395, B-1382, B-1390, B-1216, B-1527, B-1211, B-1499, B-1145, B-1202, B-1127, B-1525, and B-1205 denote bacterial strains found in the general collection of the ARS Open Culture Collection at 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Ill.
Leuconostoc spp. strains were grown as previously described and the cell-free culture fluids were used to produce polysaccharide from sucrose. Specifically, the exopolysaccharides were extracted by incubating a buffered solution (pH 5.1-5.6) solution of 0.3M sucrose solution with alternansucrase with the culture. After a period of 1-5 days at room temperature, upon the mixture become viscous and visually opalescent, absolute ethanol was added at room temperature with continual stirring until the polysaccharide precipitated.

TABLE 1

Exopolysaccharide	Source		Linkages
and Fraction	Description	Monomers	Backbone, Branch*

B-1498, Fraction-L	Leuconostoc	α-D-glucose	α(1→6), α(1→3)
	mesenteroides
	NRRL B-1498,
	fraction L,
	dextran
B-1498, Fraction-S	Leuconostoc	α-D-glucose	α(1→3)(1→6)
	mesenteroides		(alternating)
	NRRL B-1498,
	fraction S,
	alternan
B-1498, Fraction-N	Leuconostoc	α-D-glucose	α(1→6)
	mesenteroides		and α(1→3)
	NRRL B-1498,
	mixed native
	fraction
B-1355, Fraction-L	Leuconostoc	α-D-glucose	α(1→6), α(1→3)
	mesenteroides
	NRRL B-1355,
	fraction L,
	dextran
B-1355, Fraction-S,	Leuconostoc	α-D-glucose	α(1→3)(1→6)
	mesenteroides		(alternating)
	NRRL B-1355,
	fraction S,
	alternan
B-1355, Fraction-N	Leuconostoc	α-D-glucose	α(1→3) and
	mesenteroides		(1→6)
	NRRL B-1355,
	mixed native
	fraction

*Branch point is defined as di-substituted sugar

While the exopolysaccharides described above are isolated from growth cultures, the exopolysaccharides can also be prepared enzymatically from cell-free culture fluid. Techniques to derive exopolysaccharides from cell-free culture is described in A. Jeanes, Dextrans, pp. 118-132, in R. L. Whistler, Ed., Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry, V. 5, 1965, Academic Press, NY, and incorporated herein by reference.
Application of exopolysaccharides to metal can be achieved through a myriad of ways. One method is to cast the purified exopolysaccharides onto the metal. Typically this involves rolling an aqueous solution of an exopolysaccharide on a metal substrate.
Another application of exopolysaccharides to a metal substrate can be achieved through spraying the exopolysaccharide via liquid spraying techniques.
It is contemplated that that use of the exopolysaccharide as described herein would be compatible with many existing technologies for thin films deposition, including physical and chemical vapor deposition and sputtering on a substrate. Collectively, these techniques are usable to produce thin films of many materials for a wide variety of applications. Application of the disclosed exopolysaccharide to a substrate as a protective coating includes but is not limited to spray applications, sputter deposition, dipping applications, casting applications, rolling applications, pasting applications, and laminate applications.
The water soluble solutions of polysaccharides were spray painted on SAE 1010 low carbon cold rolled steel panels (Type R35, Q-Panel Lab Products, Cleveland Ohio) via a Badger Air Brush set. The exopolysaccharide coating was applied to the metal substrate by twice passing the air brush across the metal substrate at a distance of approximately 12 inches. Upon application of the coating, the sample was allowed to dry overnight at room temperature of 20° C. at approximately 30% relative humidity. Steel panels were sonicated in hexane and rinsed with 50-50 ethanol/methanol solution prior to metal coating application. Measurement of sprayed films was determined by atomic force microscopy via Nanoscope IV by Veeco, Inc.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Applied exopolysaccharide coatings were evaluated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For all electrochemical impedance measures, metal substrates were sprayed painted with a exopolysaccharide as detailed above. The electrochemical impedance measurements evaluated the ability of a circuit to resist flow of electrical current with a dependency on frequency. The AC current and voltage signal through the resistor (corrosion solution) do not need to be in phase with each other.
Electrochemical measurements for precipitated exopolysaccharides were coated on low carbon metal and were evaluated using a PARSTAT 2273 Advanced Potentiostat (Princeton Applied Research, Oak Ridge, Tenn.) having a 3 electrode cell. The test cell was a Gamry PTC1 Paint Test Cell (Gamry Instrument, Warminster, Pa.) equipped with a three electrode system. The working electrode was a plate of R-35 stainless steel on top of which a 50 ml open glass tube was sealed with a rubber gasket. The electrolyte solution was poured into the newly created container from the top. The graphite counter and saturated calomel electrodes were also inserted through the stopper-engaged top. The working electrode active test area was approximately 14.0 cm². The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) scanned ±10 mV, AC about the open circuit (corrosion) potential of the cell with frequencies between 100 kHz and 10 mHz. 10 points per decade were recorded and averaged. The cell was brought to a steady corrosion state for 24 hours in the same solution the experiments were conducted in, before recording the spectra. All tests were performed in either 5% weight/volume NaCl solution or 0.5 M sulfuric acid.
Analysis was performed using an electrochemistry software including modules specifically designed for AC and DC corrosion measurements and analysis of Tafel, Nyquist, and Bode plots (Princeton Applied Research, Oak Ridge, Tenn.). Pore resistance is a measurement of the penetration of an electrolyte through the film and its subsequent reaction at the metal surface. Pore resistance, as measured from the low frequency domains of electrochemical impedance, was calculated and the relative effectiveness of the coatings was determined.
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention, without any intent for the invention to be limited to the specific embodiments described therein. All patents and publications cited herein are incorporated by reference.
Not to be bound by any theory of explanation on why a particular exopolysaccharide coatings confer corrosion protection, it is believed that the adherence of the polysaccharide is facilitated at least in part by the interaction of metal ions and the functional groups of the polysaccharide. Specifically, it is believed that the a polysaccharides having the functional hydroxyl groups cross linking with each hydroxyl groups confer better binding of the polysaccharides with the metal alloy. Generally, it is believed that the cross-linking alters the redox potential of Fe(II) or Fe(III) by reducing the amount of electron acceptors at the metal-polysaccharide interface by binding Fe(II) and Fe(III). This a based on the visual confirmation of the presence of black iron (FeII) oxide and orange rust iron (FeIII) and that hydroxyl groups chelate with positively charged iron which slows the equilibrium-favored conversion of FeII to FeIII.

Example 1

Flash Corrosion Exopolysaccharides Coating Low-Carbon Steel Alloys

Exopolysaccharide samples (0.5 g) were dissolved in approximately 20 ml of nanopure water and cast on SAE 1010 steel. Thickness of the exopolysaccharide was measured by dried coating was measured by using a MiniTest 2100 (ElektroPhysik, Germany). As detailed supra, the coating was allowed to air dry followed by subjecting the spray coated to electrochemical impedance measurements. FIG. 1A depicts L-fraction coating from B-1498 conferring minimal flash corrosion.
FIG. 1B show the flash corrosion of on the SAE steel without any exopolysaccharide coating applied on the metal.
FIG. 1C shows a typical reaction of SAE 1010 steel after coating with several different exopolysaccharide systems. The formation of flash corrosion occurred within a few minutes after casting.
However, in the case of coating the low carbon steel plate with an exopolysaccharide precipitated from B-1355, flash corrosion was visible and developed after developed during drying of the biofilm.

Example 2

Electrochemical Analysis of B-1254, Mixed Native Fraction

Exopolysaccharides derived from B-1498, mixed native fraction was sprayed on SAE 1010 steel panel as an aqueous solution as detailed supra. The thickness of the sprayed on film was determined by atomic force microscopy. In this particular case, the biofilm sprayed on the steel panel had a thickness between 50 nm to 500 nm. As detailed in Table 2, precipitated from B-1254, was subject to electrochemical analysis.

TABLE 2

	Rct	Cd	Etafel	icorr	c.r
Film	(Ω)	(mF)	(−V)	(μA)	(mpy)

B-1254^c	650	23.11	0.669	10.26	0.315
B-1355	526	22.26	0.719	11.12	0.366
B-1498L	521	22.19	0.75	11.56	0.393
B-1254L[S]	505	21.02	0.763	11.85	0.395
B-1500	504	20.11	0.768	12.01	0.399
B-1213	503	19.46	0.761	12.2	0.402
B-1203	467	18.66	0.767	12.24	0.403
B-1208	465	18.36	0.772	14.76	0.486
B-1254^b	464	18.34	0.775	15.9	0.523
B-1417	452	18.08	0.781	16.95	0.545
B-1290	436	17.69	0.784	17.49	0.576
B-1212	434	17.29	0.789	18.83	0.619
B-742	427	17.18	0.792	18.01	0.593
B-1422	413	17.11	0.795	18.97	0.615
B-1207	412	16.45	0.798	19.13	0.629
B-1384	403	16.36	0.799	22.49	0.631
B-1395	401	16.22	0.81	22.86	0.632
B-1382	378	16.03	0.812	23.46	0.649
B-1390	373	15.36	0.819	24.01	0.678
B-1216	369	15.2	0.821	24.15	0.694
B-1527	365	15.18	0.828	24.89	0.708
B-1254^a	359	14.6	0.831	25.08	0.715
B-1211	354	14.57	0.835	25.67	0.768
B-1499	352	14.01	0.832	25.98	0.779
B-1145m	351	13.06	0.841	26.07	0.812
B-1202	349	12.59	0.849	26.59	0.851
B-1127	347	12.12	0.856	26.84	0.875
B-1525	345	12.06	0.859	27.68	0.912
B-1205	343	11.77	0.868	28.57	0.951
H2O spray	294	10.59	0.871	29.32	0.965
bare	289	9.114	0.872	30.14	0.992

Letters a, b, and c refer to different preparations of B-1254 native dextran, each containing different amounts of fractions S[L] and L[S].

Example 3

Electrochemical Analysis of B-1355

Exopolysaccharides derived from B-1355, was sprayed on SAE 1010 steel panel as an aqueous solution as detailed supra. The thickness of the sprayed on film was determined by atomic force microscopy. In this particular case, the biofilm sprayed on the steel panel had a thickness of between 50 nm to 500 nm. As detailed in Table 2, the exopolysaccharide precipitated from B-1355 was subjected to electrochemical analysis.

Example 4

Electrochemical Analysis of B-1498, Fraction-L

Exopolysaccharides derived from B-1498, fraction-L was sprayed on SAE 1010 steel panel as an aqueous solution as detailed supra. The thickness of the sprayed on film was determined by atomic force microscopy. In this particular case, the biofilm sprayed on the steel panel had a thickness between 50 nm to 500 nm. As detailed in Table 2, fraction-L precipitated from B-1498 was subjected to electrochemical analysis.

Example 5

Electrochemical Analysis of B-1254, Fraction-L[S]

Exopolysaccharides derived from B-1254, fraction-L[S] was sprayed on SAE 1010 steel panel as an aqueous solution as detailed supra. The thickness of the sprayed on film was determined by atomic force microscopy. In this particular case, the biofilm sprayed on the steel panel had a thickness between 50 nm to 500 nm. As detailed in Table 2, fraction-L[S] precipitated from B-1254 was subjected to electrochemical analysis.

Example 6

Electrochemical Analysis of B-1500

Exopolysaccharides derived from B-1500 was sprayed on SAE 1010 steel panel as an aqueous solution as detailed supra. The thickness of the sprayed on film was determined by atomic force microscopy. In this particular case, the biofilm sprayed on the steel panel had a thickness between 50 nm to 500 nm. As detailed in Table 2, the exopolysaccharide precipitated from B-1500 was subjected to electrochemical analysis.
While the invention has been described with reference to details of the illustrated embodiment, these details are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The embodiment of the invention in which exclusive property or privilege is claimed is defined as follows:

Claims

1. A method for inhibiting corrosion on corrosion-sensitive metal with a bacterial exopolysaccharide, the method comprising:

culturing a bacterial strain wherein the bacterial strain is selected from strain NRRL B-1498.

precipitating a substantially pure exopolysaccharide fraction from said culture,

applying the substantially pure exopolysaccharide fraction to corrosion-sensitive metal, wherein the metal corrosion rate of the corrosion-sensitive metal having the exopolysaccharide applied thereto is inhibited.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein an iron corrosion rate of the corrosion-sensitive metal having the exopolysaccharide applied thereto is less than 0.4 mill-inches per year.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the exopolysaccharide is precipitated from a cell-free culture fluid.

4. (canceled)

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the exopolysaccharide fraction is a L fraction precipitated from strain NRRL B-1498.

6. (canceled)

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrosion-sensitive metal is a low carbon steel alloy.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the exopolysaccharide prevents corrosion in a pure salt oxidization environment.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the exopolysaccharide fraction is applied via spray coating.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the exopolysaccharide fraction is applied to the corrosion-sensitive metal at a minimum thickness of approximately 50 nm.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the exopolysaccharide fraction is applied via cast films.

12. A method for inhibiting corrosion on corrosion-sensitive metal with a bacterial exopolysaccharide, the method comprising:

coating steel with an aqueous solution of substantially pure exopolysaccharide, wherein the exopolysaccharide is precipitated from a NRRL B-1492 bacterial culture.

13. (canceled)

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the exopolysaccharide fraction is a L fraction precipitated from strain NRRL B-1498.

15. (canceled)

16. The method of claim 12 wherein the steel is a low carbon steel alloy.

17. A steel metal alloy comprising:

a substrate with an exterior surface; and

a protective coating positioned on said exterior surface that reduces corrosion of said exterior surface; wherein said coating comprises a exopolysaccharide coating precipitated from a bacterial culture NRRL B-1498.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the metal alloy is a low carbon steel alloy.