US20150047837A1 - Multi-Zone Single Trip Well Completion System - Google Patents
Multi-Zone Single Trip Well Completion System Download PDFInfo
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- US20150047837A1 US20150047837A1 US14/457,972 US201414457972A US2015047837A1 US 20150047837 A1 US20150047837 A1 US 20150047837A1 US 201414457972 A US201414457972 A US 201414457972A US 2015047837 A1 US2015047837 A1 US 2015047837A1
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- Prior art keywords
- assembly
- service tool
- tool
- completion
- completion system
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
- E21B2200/06—Sleeve valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of completion assemblies for use in hydrocarbon producing wells.
- the invention provides a method and apparatus for completing and producing from multiple production zones, independently or in any combination. It is becoming increasingly desirable to economically complete and produce wells from different production zones at different stages in the process (and in differing combinations), while at the same time reducing the number of “trips” down the wellbore which are needed to carry out these operations.
- multi-zone completion assemblies which combine simplicity, reliability, safety and economy, while also affording flexibility in use.
- One embodiment disclosed herein is well completion system having (i) a completion assembly; (ii) a service tool positioned within the completion assembly, wherein the service tool includes a substantially straight bore central passage from an upper end of the service tool to a lower end of the service tool; and (iii) a one-way valve positioned in an assembly annulus formed between the service tool and an inner surface of the completion assembly.
- Another embodiment is a well completion system having a tubular completion assembly, including multiple production zones, where each production zone further comprising (i) a zonal isolation packer; (ii) a screen wrapped, closeable monitoring port; (iii) a closeable treating port below the monitoring port; and (iv) a screen wrapped, pressure activated valve below the treating port.
- a further embodiment is a method of logging a wellbore having a completion system therein.
- the method includes the steps of (a) positioning a completion assembly in the wellbore, including a service tool within the completion assembly, wherein the service tool includes a substantially straight bore central passage; and (b) inserting a logging tool through the straight bore central passage and logging the wellbore at selected positions along the length of the straight bore central passage within and/or below the service tool.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of a completion assembly of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D illustrate one embodiment of a service tool positioned within the completion assembly of FIGS. 1A to 1C to form a completion system.
- FIGS. 3A to 3D illustrate the completion system of FIGS. 2A to 2D at the stage of being set in a cased well bore.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the completion assembly and service tool during a treating operation.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the completion assembly and service tool during a reversing operation.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the completion assembly and service tool during collet de-activation.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B schematically illustrate fluid flow in one embodiment of a reverse bypass valve.
- FIG. 7C illustrates a modified embodiment of the reverse bypass valve.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate one embodiment of a treating sleeve.
- FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a screen wrapped monitoring sleeve.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate one embodiment of a hydraulically set packer.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a partial cross-section of one embodiment of a mechanically locked PAC valve.
- FIGS. 12A to 12D illustrate the operating sequence of the valve of FIG. 1 .
- FIGS. 13A to 13D illustrate the operation sequence of one embodiment of a re-crippling device.
- One aspect of the present invention contemplates a well completion system having a completion assembly and a service tool positioned within the completion assembly.
- the service tool includes a substantially straight bore central passage from an upper end of the service tool to a lower end of the service tool. Additionally, a one-way valve is positioned in an assembly annulus formed between the service tool and an inner surface of the completion assembly.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of the completion assembly 2 .
- the completion assembly is a “multi-zone assembly” in that it designed to isolate different sections of the wellbore between packers, which normally will correspond to different production zones identified in the oil/gas formation being produced.
- FIG. 1A illustrates an upper zone (“Zone A”) between sealbore packer 4 and isolation packer 46 A and a lower zone (“Zone B”) between isolation packers 46 A and hydraulically set packer 46 B shown in FIG. 1B .
- the number of zones can be many more than two depending on the particular formation being produced.
- “up” means the direction along the wellbore toward the surface and “down” means in the direction toward the toe of the wellbore. Because the wellbore may often be deviated or horizontal, “up” or “down” should not be assumed to be in the vertical direction or to even have a vertical component. Likewise, describing a first tool component as “above” or “below” a second tool component means the first tool component is closer to or further from the surface, respectively, along the wellbore path (when the tool assembly is positioned in the wellbore) than the second tool component.
- the upper end of the completion assembly 2 generally includes a retrievable sealbore packer 4 , packer extension 8 , cross-over sub 9 , collet de-activator 11 (sometimes referred to as a collet “re-crippler”), auto-locator 15 , and non-rotational connector 19 .
- Sealbore packer 4 may be any number of different conventional or future developed packers, but in the illustrated embodiment, it is a hydraulically set polished bore packer with a single high pressure sealing element that serves as the uppermost packer on the multi-zone completion system. This packer includes bi-directional slips for tensile and compressive loading and for simple external release and retrieval (although it may also be provided with an optional internal release).
- This packer may alternatively be used as a production sealbore packer after sand control operations are completed.
- a suitable retrievable sealbore packer is the CompSetTM Packer available from Superior Energy Services, LLC, Completion Services division located in Houston, Tex.
- the sealbore packer 4 need not be a retrievable packer in all embodiments, but could be permanent packer or possibly any other class of packer that can function as required.
- Packer extension 8 is generally a section of pipe that is made up to the bottom of the retrievable sealbore packer and provides the necessary spacing distance for isolation seals to be run during production.
- Crossover sub 9 is a conventional device which connects the packer to lower components, including ultimately a sealbore associated with the packer's operation.
- Collet de-activator 11 will function as a device to “de-activate” a sleeve opening (or closing) tool or profile in order that the opening tool will not open any further sleeves or valves while moving through the completion assembly in the deactivated state.
- the collet de-activator is constructed to leave a fully open ID after it has deactivated the opening tool.
- the auto-locator 15 may be any conventional auto-location assembly which interacts with profiles on a service tool to positively identify the position of the service tool in the completion assembly 2 .
- a preferred embodiment of the auto-locator serves to locate the service tool positions by using an inward facing indicating collet tied into an auto J indexing mechanism. This embodiment will include three basic positions: 1) the pick-up position which occurs when the collet is pulled to the top of its travel, 2) the set down position, which occurs when the J is at the bottom of its travel, and 3) the run through position which occurs when the J is in an intermediate position.
- the auto-locator is actuated by up and down movement of an auto-locater profile (on the service tool) through the auto-locater collet.
- the auto-locater collet moves to the pick-up position with upward movement through the collet, to the run through position.
- the “run through position” allows the auto-locator profile on the service tool to pass the through the auto-locator collet.
- the next upward movement shifts the collet back to the pick-up position, with the following downward movement placing the collet in the set down position.
- Repeated up and down movements of the profile through the collet will continue to cycle the collet from the set down to the run through positions.
- the profile In the set down position, the profile is latched into the collet and supported to take set down loads to offset work string movement during treatments.
- the run through position allows the profile on the service tool to pass through the auto-locator collet with a snap indication.
- a lockout sleeve locks out the indicating collet leaving a large ID.
- U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- Non-rotational connector 19 is a conventional assembly that allows connection of tubular components without threads and relative rotation of the components. Non-rotational connectors enable more efficient makeup of the retrievable sealbore packer (and other components) and reduces failure risks associated with a long heavy assembly make-up in the rotary table. The completion assembly make up may be accomplished without assembly rotation and may be secured by rotating a retainer nut. Connector 19 incorporates a spline to ensure engagement and to allow locked rotation across the connector assembly after make-up.
- the additional components of the completion assembly 2 seen in FIG. 1A include screen wrapped monitoring sleeve 20 , sealbore sub 26 , treating (or frac) sleeve 30 , hydraulically activated shear sub 36 , screen wrapped pressure activated control (PAC) valve 40 , and testable isolation packer 46 A.
- the components between retrievable sealbore packer 4 and isolation packer 46 A form “Zone A” or the upper most zone of the completion assembly 2 . It will be understood that not all the above identified components will be repeated in each zone. For example, the next lower zone, “Zone B” in FIG.
- Zone B does not include collect de-activator 11 or auto-locator 15 .
- monitoring sleeve 20 comprises a sleeve member 21 with a sleeve ports 22 formed therethrough and an opening/closing profile 24 formed on sleeve member 21 .
- Exterior monitoring ports 23 are formed through the main body of monitoring sleeve 20 . It can be seen that when sleeve member 21 is in the raised position, it covers exterior monitoring ports 23 and blocks the flow of fluid through ports 23 .
- a suitable opening profile e.g., on a service tool
- the sleeve ports 22 and the monitoring ports 23 are aligned to allow fluid flow from the exterior of the completion assembly to the interior.
- a screen 25 is formed around the outside monitoring ports 23 .
- a second screen material may be positioned internally to monitoring ports 23 (e.g., in addition to the exterior screen 25 ).
- the monitoring sleeve 20 is a Type O sliding sleeve designed (i.e., downward movement to open the sleeve and upward movement to close the sleeve), which in a multi-zone completion system allows monitoring of a dead string while treating the zone by reading annulus pressure. Also, closing the sleeve prior to treating allows treatments to be performed in the squeeze position.
- This embodiment of the sleeve valve may include a high performance equalizing seal, which allows communication control between the tubing and annulus.
- An internal screen filtering section may be incorporated to prevent treating proppant from entering into the sleeve sealing areas and allows the valve to be opened and closed multiple times without loss of seal integrity.
- This preferred embodiment further includes an inside shifting profile which is approximately equal to the treating sleeve internal diameter in order to allow optimal ID clearances for service tool operations.
- sleeve may be used to indicate a sleeve assembly such as described above which includes a sleeve member which can selectively cover and uncover a port to allow fluid flow through the port.
- This sleeve assembly may also be referred to as a valve (e.g., a sliding sleeve valve) since the sleeve assembly functions to open and close a fluid flow passage.
- Treating sleeve 30 seen in FIGS. 8A and 8B is similar in operation to monitoring sleeve 20 .
- Treating sleeve 30 includes sleeve member 31 , sleeve port 32 , and opening/closing profile 34 which will provide a positive latching shifting profile for full open and full closed shifting engagement. Downward movement of sleeve member 31 aligns sleeve port 32 with the exterior treating port 33 to move the sleeve assembly into the “open” position as suggested in FIG. 8B .
- Treating sleeve 30 differs from monitoring sleeve 20 in that the former lacks a screen which would prevent the transfer of granular materials used in many treating fluids (e.g., gravel being transported through treating port 33 to the exterior of the completion assembly during gravel packing operations).
- the treating ports 33 will be larger than monitoring ports 23 and the other components of treating sleeve 30 are constructed more robustly due to the severe abrasive forces normally encountered at and around treating sleeve 30 .
- the treating sleeve assembly provides an isolation sleeve which can be opened to provide treating ports for high pump rates and large volumes of proppant while minimizing erosion on the treating sleeve assembly, service tool, and casing.
- the length of the treating sleeve should permit it to be opened and remain opened while manipulating the service tool (e.g., upwards/downwards movement to establish the auto-locator set-down position). Too short of a sleeve length increases the possibility of a tool profile unintentionally engaging and moving the sleeve from its fully open position.
- monitoring sleeve 20 and treating sleeve 30 operate on the “down-to-open”, “up-to-close” convention. While this is often preferred, other embodiments could operate under the opposite convention.
- the completion assembly 2 may also contain one or more sections of centralizer blank pipe. These are essentially sections of pipe that are made up above the screen joint and provide annular clearance and volume space for proppant pumping operations. Centralizer blank pipe may also be used to adjust the spacing distance of the isolation packers that are positioned between sand control intervals.
- the hydraulically activated shear subs 36 will operate to provide a release point for all components in the string below shear sub 36 when certain conditions occur.
- this shear sub contains a hydraulic release mechanism which is utilized to carry the full load of the assembly into the wellbore. This prevents the load from being carried by the shear joint shear screws, thereby allowing long, heavy assemblies to be run without fear of premature release.
- the hydraulic actuation feature is initiated by applying a sufficient tubing-to-annulus differential pressure. Once actuated, the load is relieved from the hydraulic locking mechanism and transferred to the shear screws.
- a preferred embodiment of the shear joint allows up to 24′′ of travel prior to seal release.
- One example of such a hydraulically activated shear sub is seen in U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669.
- the hydraulically activated shear subs 36 also allow for staged removal of packers and screen assemblies if needed.
- the screen wrapped PAC valves 40 may be any number of conventional or future develop valves, whether sliding sleeve valves or other valve types.
- valves 40 comprise a screen joint incorporating a PAC valve with a lock out mechanism.
- the screen joints may be wire wrap (or mesh type) sand exclusion screens designed to be used in high-rate water packs (HRWP), fracturing and open-hole environments. These joints allow easy spacing for either short or long intervals within a multi-zone completions system.
- the screen joints may also be incorporated with a special high rib design to provide strength and optimize flow area under the screen wrap.
- the base pipe is preferably non-perforated with the PAC valve(s) positioned as needed.
- actuation is initiated by first running a mechanical unlocking tool through the valve to unlock the sleeve, and then applying differential pressure from valve ID to OD.
- the mechanical unlocking tool may be a separate profile (i.e., a profile that will not shift the monitoring and treating sleeves) which is positioned on the service tool. Alternatively this separate profile may be positioned on a different production tool employed in later stages of production.
- Initial actuation pressure further activates the valves for opening while maintaining pressure integrity. Reducing the actuation pressure to equal the annular pressure then allows the valve to cycle to the full open position.
- valves can be opened mechanically with wireline or colleted type shifting tools.
- the valves 40 are of the type which unlocked mechanically and then may be hydraulically activated. Nevertheless, it is not necessary for all embodiments of valves 40 to be mechanically unlocked and then pressure activated.
- the valves 40 could alternatively be purely mechanically activated (i.e., both unlocked and opened mechanically) or purely pressure activated, although generally preferred, it may not be necessary in all embodiments for the valves to be “lockable.”
- FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate one embodiment of a mechanically unlocked and hydraulically activated PAC valve.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the main body of PAC valve 40 which has female and male end-connectors allowing the PAC valve 40 to be made up as part of completion assembly 2 .
- the main body or housing of this embodiment of PAC valve 40 generally comprises the top sub 175 , spring housing 176 , spring retainer 180 , ported outer housing 185 , and bottom sub 187 .
- spring sleeve 178 Positioned within this main housing is spring sleeve 178 which is able to move up and down relative to spring retainer 180 along the main longitudinal axis of the tool.
- the spring sleeve retainer 177 is positioned on top of spring sleeve 178 with a biasing device, e.g., spring 179 , positioned between the spring sleeve retainer 177 and spring retainer 180 .
- spring 179 will tend to bias sleeve 178 in an upward direction, which as explained below, will tend to bias the valve in an open position.
- the lower end of spring sleeve 178 will connect to lower piston (also sometimes referred to as “lower sleeve”) 183 .
- lower piston 183 is shown blocking flow ports 186 , i.e., the valve is in the closed position.
- FIG. 11 shows how lower piston 183 has the piston shoulder or surface 184 and the lower part of spring sleeve 178 includes the fluid aperture 182 . It may be envisioned how fluid pressure applied in the central passage of valve 40 translates through fluid aperture 182 and acts on piston surface 184 , tending to move lower piston 183 in a downward direction. Finally, FIG. 11 shows a lock/release mechanism 190 which initially locks lower piston 183 in the valve closed position and upon a series of operations, releases lower piston 183 into the valve open position.
- FIG. 12A illustrates the lock/release mechanism 190 generally comprising lock ring (split ring) 191 , locking piston 194 , locking sleeve 195 , and lock collet 199 (see FIG. 12B ).
- Locking piston 194 is shown with an equalization aperture 206 to prevent differential fluid pressure from developing between its inner and outer surfaces.
- lock ring 191 is shown disposed in the ring groove 192 (more clearly seen in FIG. 12D ) formed on the end of lower piston 183 .
- Locking collet 199 may shift between two positions where it engages either collet groove 202 A or 202 B which are formed on an inner surface of the bottom sub extension 188 .
- FIG. 12A it can be seen that locking collet 199 engages collet groove 202 A.
- the locking shoulder 198 on sleeve extension 197 of locking sleeve 195 acts to hold locking collet 199 in collet groove 202 A.
- FIG. 12A shows a shear pin 205 A positioned between locking piston 194 and sleeve extension 188 and shear pin 205 B position between locking sleeve 195 and sleeve extension 188 .
- FIGS. 2A-2D is a schematic representation of guide slot 201 and guide pin 200 's relative position therein. It will be understood that in FIG. 12A , the lock/release mechanism 190 is in the mechanically locked position.
- a conventional tool with opening collet may be conveyed downhole to PAC valve 40 via coil tubing or another conventional means for mechanically manipulating tools within a wellbore.
- the opening tool will engage the profile 196 on locking sleeve 195 and apply sufficient downward force to fail shear pin 205 B and move locking sleeve 195 downward (i.e., toward the right in the figures) until locking sleeve threads 208 engage the bottom sub threads 209 as suggested in FIG. 12B .
- the locking sleeve threads 208 and bottom sub threads 209 may have inclined surfaces in one direction which facilitate engagement of the threads, but resists disengagement.
- guide slot 201 allows initial rightward movement of locking sleeve 195 without immediately engaging guide pin 200 , the locking shoulder 198 is removed from its supporting position under locking collet 199 prior to locking collet 199 being force rightward. However, continued rightward movement of locking sleeve 195 eventually pulls locking collet out of its position in collet groove 201 A and moves it to collet groove 201 B as suggested in FIG. 12B .
- testable isolation packer 46 A is dual element packer with a self-contained setting tool having bi-directional slips.
- the setting tool is integrated between the two elements and is actuated with tubing pressure through the ID of the packer mandrel.
- the isolation packer contains a rupture disc which is actuated by applying pressure greater than the required packer setting pressure. Once the disc is ruptured, pressure is applied between the two elements of the packer and the casing ID giving a positive indication of packer setting. This packer may be retrieved by a straight upward pull by a conventional retrieval tool.
- isolation packer While many other conventional or future developed packer systems could be utilized, one acceptable isolation packer is the ComPleteTM MST System Isolation Packer available from the Completion Services division of Superior Energy Services, LLC located in Houston, Tex. While the above described embodiment employs a “testable” isolation packer, it will be obvious that alternative embodiments could employ a non-testable type of packer. Likewise, many conventional in-string packers with bidirectional slips could also be employed.
- FIG. 1B illustrates the lower production zone (“Zone B” in FIG. 1B ) which below the upper isolation packer 46 A, includes several of the components described in reference to Zone A, i.e., screen wrapped monitoring sleeve 20 , sealbore sub 26 , treating sleeve 30 , hydraulically activated shear sub 36 , and screen wrapped PAC valve 40 .
- Zone B terminates with the lower hydraulic set packer 46 B.
- This packer is a single element packer with a self-contained setting tool that has bi-directional slips.
- the hydraulic set packer will typically be used as the lowermost or sump packer for the multi-zone system but can alternately be used as an isolation packer between zones.
- Running the hydraulic set packer as the sump packer on the system has the advantage of eliminating a wireline trip and a subsequent debris cleanout trip.
- This packer's setting tool chamber is integrated into the packer and is actuated with tubing pressure through the ID of the packer mandrel. This packer is also retrievable by straight upward pull.
- FIGS. 1A-1C show only two zones, it will be readily understood that any number of zones could be added to the completion assembly 2 by repeating a similar series of components for each additional zone.
- completion assembly 2 comprises several further components. These include a sealbore sub 26 , a hydraulic tubing release 50 , a scrapper 54 , a collet activator 58 , a test assembly 64 , and a fixed ball seat 70 .
- the sealbore subs are internally honed, reduced inner diameter, sections of pipe that provide a seal with the reverse bypass tool (explained below) when the latter is positioned within the sealbore subs.
- the sealbore subs can also be utilized to isolate a treating sleeve in the event that concentrically run production seals are traversed across the section.
- Scrapper 54 may be any conventional or future developed scrapper device, including those using blades, brushes, and/or others means for scrapping sand, perforation/gun debris or other debris from the interior of the casing as the completion assembly is run in.
- An acceptable scrapper is an M&M Casing Scraper available from M&M Oil Tools, Inc., of New Iberia, La.
- Collet activator 58 is one example of an activating mechanism employed to activate a de-activated opening tool and is described in more detail below in reference to the opening tool on service tool 100 .
- the test assembly 64 is a tubular sub on the end of completion assembly 2 which includes the breakable plate 68 positioned across the inner diameter to form a seal and allow fluid to be pressurized (for leak integrity testing purposes) above breakable plate 68 .
- Test assembly 64 also includes a one-way valve 64 which allows fluid from the wellbore into the test assembly, but prevents the exiting of fluid and thereby allows pressurization to occur.
- one-way valve 67 is a rubber bladder covering a series of apertures in the test assembly body.
- the terminal end of the completion assembly 2 includes a conventional ball seat 70 which will create a seal when a ball of suitable size is dropped from the surface and migrates through the completion assembly onto seat 70 .
- FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate one embodiment of a service tool 100 positioned in completion assembly 2 .
- FIGS. 2A-2D suggest how service tool 100 is positioned in the completion system when it is being deployed into the wellbore and ultimately the formation of interest.
- FIGS. 2A-2D also illustrate completion system 1 within the well casing 150 which forms a casing annulus 152 between the inner wall of the casing 150 and the outer surface of the completion assembly 2 .
- FIG. 2A illustrates how the uppermost section of service tool 100 includes the sealbore packer setting tool 102 which is connected to the main tubular body portion 101 of the service tool.
- setting tool 102 One function of setting tool 102 is to set retrievable sealbore packer 4 .
- Setting tool 102 will also engage and releasably lock into the completion assembly 2 , thereby supporting the completion assembly 2 both as it is assembled near the surface (described below) and as it is lowered downhole to the formation of interest.
- a seal on the bottom of the setting tool seals against the packer sealbore to allow testing of the packer once it is set.
- the setting tool chamber is actuated with tubing pressure. Once the packer is fully set, applying additional tubing pressure releases the retrievable sealbore packer setting tool from the packer (i.e., releases the service tool from the completion assembly).
- FIG. 2A further illustrates how setting tool 102 is also connected to work string 160 , which in turn forms the connection of the completion system to the surface.
- work string is a generic term describing a tubular member string used to convey fluids or for well service activities. Both coiled and jointed tubular strings may be referred to as work strings.
- casing annulus 152 two other spaces extending along the length of the completion system are seen in FIG. 2A ; i.e., the service tool's central passage 114 and the completion annulus 75 formed between the outer surface of service tool 100 and the inner surface of completion assembly 2 .
- FIGS. 2A to 2D it can be seen how in this embodiment the tubular body 101 of service tool 100 extends downward through however many completion zones have been created along the length of completion assembly 2 .
- Various tools or functional elements may be positioned along the length of service tool 110 .
- FIGS. 2B and 2C show auto-locator profiles 105 at predetermined positions along service tool 100 .
- this positively identifies the position of the service tool relative to various positions within completion assembly 2 and insures the proper alignment of the respective components of service tool 100 and completion assembly 2 in order to carry out many of the functions described below.
- auto-locator profiles may be used to locate the position of the reverse bypass valve and to keep the reverse bypass valve aligned while at the same time applying set down weight during treating operations.
- the terminal end of service tool 100 includes the conventional mule shoe 131 , which among other functions, provides a means of breaking a sand bridge while washing.
- the opening shifting tool (or collet) 124 Positioned above mule shoe 131 is the opening shifting tool (or collet) 124 , which when activated, will open the above described treating and monitoring sleeves on completion assembly 2 .
- a multi-acting shifting tool (“MST”) 125 may be employed. This MST tool 125 has a first sleeve opening profile, and then positioned above this opening profile, MST tool 125 has a second closing profile.
- the distance between these profiles is not critical so long as the opening and closing profiles are not so closely spaced that up and down service tool movement in operating the auto-locator causes profiles to unintentionally engage sleeves.
- One example of the MST may consist of an internal integrity member known as the inner mandrel. Outer components consist of 1) a collet and 2) end caps that make up to the collet and control its travel.
- the MST is collapsed during deployment and activated upon contacting the collet activator.
- the MST is constructed to engage on the two service sleeves; i.e., the treating and annular monitoring sleeves. Engagement in the down direction opens either sleeve as engagement in the up direction closes either sleeve.
- the shifting tool is deactivated once all zonal treatments are completed by engaging into the de-activator or re-crippler mechanism.
- a closing only profile 109 positioned still further above opening profile 124 (or MST tool 125 ).
- the closing only profile 109 may be advantageous in particular situations, for example an opening tool unintentionally becoming activated (e.g., on the services tool's initial run-in) and opening sleeves when not desired.
- FIG. 11 c of U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669 shows an example of a closing profile in FIG. 10 b of U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669.
- FIG. 2D further illustrates schematically a reverse bypass valve 115 positioned between opening profile 124 and the closing profile 109 .
- This embodiment of reverse bypass valve 115 is essentially a one-way valve placed on the outer surface of service tool 100 and within the completion annulus 75 .
- reverse bypass valve 115 allows fluid in completion annulus 75 to flow in a downhole direction through bypass valve 115 , but prevents flow in the uphole direction through the valve 115 .
- a substantially tubular valve body 116 will have a series of circumferentially positioned apertures 118 formed therein.
- Valve body 116 will also have an outer circumferential seal 120 (e.g., molded Viton) which is intended to engage the inner surface 27 of a sealbore sub 26 (illustrated in FIG. 2D ) to form a seal against sealbore inner surface 27 .
- the flexible seal material 119 will be positioned interiorly of apertures 118 . As suggested by flow arrows in FIG.
- fluid flowing in the downhole direction in the completion annulus 75 will flow through apertures 118 , move flexible seal 119 away from apertures 118 , flow into the valve body's interior space 121 , and then exit the valve along the valve's downstream path 122 and continue along the completion annulus below bypass valve 115 .
- the concentric flow path through the tubular body transitions from an outer surface of the valve body (upstream path 117 ) to an inner surface of the body (space 121 ), and back to the outer surface of the tubular body (downstream path 122 ).
- upstream path 117 an inner surface of the body
- downstream path 122 back to the outer surface of the tubular body
- reverse bypass valve 115 forms a one-way valve only when it is engaging a sealbore sub 26 .
- valve 115 When valve 115 is positioned above or below a sealbore sub 26 , fluid can flow in either direction around the outside of the entire valve, i.e., between inner wall of the completion assembly 2 and the outside of outer circumferential seal 120 .
- FIG. 7C illustrates a hold down assembly 165 to resist such unintentional upward movement of valve 115 .
- Hold down assembly 165 generally comprises a body or mandrel 166 , and a collet 167 (in this example, a basket collet).
- Collet 167 includes a collet finger 168 sized to engage a collet groove 169 formed on the inside wall of the sealbore sub 26 .
- a piston member 170 Positioned within mandrel 166 directly below collet finger 168 is .
- piston member 170 When fluid pressure increases sufficiently in cavity 171 , piston member 170 will press against collet finger 168 and move collet finger 168 into engagement with collet groove 169 , thus locking or “holding down” reverse bypass valve 115 against upward movement. When pressure decreases sufficiently, collet finger 168 flexes back to its original position, out of engagement with collet groove 169 , and valve 115 is free to be moved out of engagement with sealbore sub 26 .
- hold down assembly 165 could be constructed to perform the function described above. While FIG. 7C illustrates one collet groove 169 , other embodiments may have multiple collet grooves spaced together in order that collet finger 168 has multiple points of potential engagement.
- the completion system will typically be initially assembled by making up the individual components forming a separate completion zone and as each successive zonal assembly is made up, the completion assembly is hung off the rig floor and pressure tested for integrity.
- the first or lowest zone will include the components seen in FIG. 1C forming the lower end of the completion assembly; e.g., hydraulic tubing release 50 , scrapper 54 , collet activator 58 , test assembly 64 , and fixed ball seat 70 .
- the lowest zone will also include components typically found in all successive zones; e.g., a lower packer 46 B, production (or PAC) valves/sleeves 40 , shear sub 36 , one or more sealbore subs 26 , treating sleeve(s) 30 , monitoring sleeve(s) 20 , and an upper packer 46 A.
- successive production zones may comprise components different that than the first production zone, as required by the particulars of the well and different production zones.
- the completion assembly thus far connected is filled with fluid and the assembly is tested for leaks with a low volume test pump; e.g., by pressuring up to 500 psi for 5 minutes.
- the final or uppermost completion zone assembly may include certain components located at the upper end of completion assembly 2 ; e.g., in the embodiment of FIG. 1A , the non-rotational 19 , auto-locator 15 , collet deactivator 11 , and retrievable sealbore packer 4 .
- an auto-locator could be position in each zone rather than a single auto-locator in the uppermost zone.
- service tool 100 will be made up, with components positioned on the lower end of service tool 100 first being connected as suggested by the embodiment of FIG. 2D ; e.g., mule shoe 131 , opening tool profile 124 (or MST 125 ), reverse bypass valve 115 , closing tool profile 109 , and various auto-locator profiles 105 .
- the service tool 100 is gradually inserted further into completion assembly 2 as further segments of service tool 100 are made up. Similar to testing the completion assembly, service tool 100 may be tested for pressure integrity as it is made up (if the reverse bypass valve is engaging a sealbore). Once service tool 100 has been extended into completion assembly 2 to its full operating length, the entire completion system may be pressure tested. Although the opening tool profile 124 on service tool 100 should be de-activated at this point, pressure testing confirms no valves/sleeves were inadvertently opened while running in service tool 100 .
- the completion system is made ready running into the formation area of the wellbore.
- This combine completion assembly and service tool being running to the wellbore may sometimes be referred to as the integrated completion assembly.
- the service tool is temporarily extended further into completion assembly 2 (i.e., by adding addition lengths of tubing) such that mule shoe 131 ruptures breakable seal plate 68 and opening tool profile 124 is brought into engagement with the activating mechanism (e.g., collet activator 58 ) in order to activate the opening tool profile such that it will now engage sleeves as it moves past.
- Service tool 100 is then positioned at its lowermost run in position within completion assembly 2 and sealbore packer setting tool 102 engages and locks into the top of completion assembly 2 as seen in FIG. 2A . With sealbore packer setting tool 102 supporting completion assembly 2 , the entire completion system may be run in to its final depth on work string 160 .
- the straight central passage of the service tool 100 is open and unobstructed at the time the completion assembly is run into the wellbore.
- the central passage of the service tool initially has some mechanism for closing or blocking the service tool's central passage during run-in and that mechanism is opened or removed before the start of operations with the completion assembly.
- One aspect of the present invention is a method of washing out a the wellbore while running in the completion system 1 .
- the well may contain debris from various earlier activities, including perforating the casing with perforating guns.
- the scrapper 54 on completion assembly 2 will tend to push such debris below the completion system as it is run downhole.
- This operation also acts to remove gas or liquid hydrocarbons from the wellbore prior to setting the packers.
- the packers are not set at this stage. Therefore, fluid pumped down the casing annulus 152 will circulate down the annulus, around completion assembly 2 (the sealbore packer setting tool seen in FIG.
- bypass valve 115 prevents fluid from entering the completion annulus 75 ), and back into the completion assembly 2 via unblocked ball seat 70 , and ultimately back into the central passage 114 of service tool 100 (as suggested by the flow arrows in FIG. 2D ) for eventual return to the surface through work string 160 .
- the service tool 100 is positioned with reverse bypass valve 115 within a sealbore sub 26 , the uni-directional flow character of bypass valve 115 will block return fluid from travelling by up the completion annulus 75 .
- bypass valve 115 is not positioned in a sealbore sub 26 , typically the completion annulus 75 will already be filled with completion fluid which will prevent circulating fluid from entering completion annulus 75 .
- This “reverse washing” process being performed as the completion system 1 is lowered to its final position in the wellbore allows a debris removing washing operation to be carried out with no addition use of other tools (i.e., additional trips down hole) or by any special positioning/repositioning of the completion system 1 . Rather, this useful washing operation can be carried out simultaneously with positioning the completion system at its final depth.
- debris which may be removed using this technique include pill remnants, gun debris, and formation solids.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of logging a wellbore which has the completion system 1 positioned in the wellbore.
- This method employed before or after treatment. For example, logging might be performed prior to setting the packers in order to confirming the packer location. More typically, logging is performed after treating a zone.
- a logging tool on an e-line may be run down the work string, through the service tool's straight bore central passage and to the desired depth in the formation.
- service tool 100 may be raised out of the zone which is being logged, but this re-positioning of service tool 100 is not always the case.
- service tool 100 allows logging without the necessity of removing service tool 100 from the wellbore. This may be distinguished from prior art completion system where obstructions in the service tool (e.g., cross-over valves) prevent the running of logging tools directly through the service tool.
- obstructions in the service tool e.g., cross-over valves
- a ball will be dropped and allowed to gravitate to fixed ball seat 70 .
- pressure is applied through service tool 100 to increase the pressure within the completion annulus 75 . If the reverse bypass tool is not engaging the sealbore at this time, pressure will be increased along the entire length of the completion assembly. With sufficient pressure, several pressure activated components will change state. For example, the hydraulically set packers 46 will be activated and set against the casing wall.
- the sealbore packer setting tool 102 is likewise activated and releases service tool 100 from completion assembly 2 .
- the shear subs 36 are activated such that loads are now supported by their shear pins. Once all other pressure activated components change to their active state and desired pressure testing performed (for example, pressure testing of uppermost and lowermost packers), additional pressure may be applied to activate hydraulic tubing release 50 and have all components below it fall to the wellbore rathole. It will be understood that one immediate effect of this release is to remove the closed end of the completion assembly that had been formed by the ball lodged within ball seat 70 . Successful release of hydraulic tubing release 50 may be confirmed at the surface by noting a pressure drop in circulating fluid.
- completion system 1 may be carried out.
- stimulating e.g., acidizing
- high rate water packing e.g., frac packing
- gravel packing e.g., gravel packing
- the treating position of the service string may be determined “hydraulically” by first positioning the end of the service string below the anticipated zone treating depth and establishing forward circulation at a comparatively slow rate and low pressure (e.g., ⁇ 400 psi). The service tool is then slowly raised at one foot intervals until returns stop and work string pressure increases.
- a comparatively slow rate and low pressure e.g., ⁇ 400 psi
- the reverse bypass valve 115 has entered the first sealbore sub 26 in that zone, e.g., the sealbore sub 26 below the treating sleeve 30 in FIG. 4B . This process may be repeated to locate the upper sealbore sub 26 in that zone (not specifically shown in figures). Likewise, when circulation is re-established and pressure drops while raising the service tool, it may be presumed that the reverse bypass valve 115 has cleared the upper sealbore sub 26 . The opening tool profile 124 is then run downward to engage and open monitoring sleeve 20 and treating sleeve 30 .
- service tool 100 is raise such that its open end is positioned above the open treating sleeve/port and the reverse bypass valve engages the upper sealbore sub 26 .
- FIG. 4B how the pressure in casing annulus 152 (which is substantially the pressure against the formation) is approximately the same as at the open monitoring sleeve/port 20 .
- the pressure in casing annulus 152 is transmitted through monitoring sleeve 20 , through the completion annulus, and to the casing annulus above the uppermost completion packer where the annulus pressure can be monitored on the surface. It can be understood that without this pressure monitoring path, the packers would prevent the direct translation of formation pressure to the annulus area above the completion assembly.
- the completely, downwardly open end of service tool 100 i.e., no passage deviations for directing treating fluids in a particular direction
- the treating fluid flow is directed substantially straight downhole from the open end of service tool 100 . This allows the treating fluid to enter the all circumferentially positioned treating sleeve ports at substantially equal flow rates and pressure.
- the service tool 100 When the treating operation has been completed in that zone, the service tool 100 is lowered sufficiently to place a closing tool profile beneath treating sleeve 30 . Upon raising the closing tool profile, first treating sleeve 30 and ultimately monitoring sleeve 20 will be closed as the closing tool profile engages and closes those sleeves. While the service tool 100 is being raised during this closing movement, a reversing operation may take place to remove the treating fluid as suggested in FIG. 5 .
- the reversing operation consists of pumping fluid down the completion annulus 75 such that such that it passes around the end of service tool 100 and flows back up the central passage of the service tool. It will be understood that this reverse flow may continue regardless of whether reverse bypass valve 115 is passing through a sealbore sub 26 . When bypass valve 115 is not in a sealbore sub, fluid may freely flow around bypass valve 115 . When bypass valve 115 is in a sealbore sub, the one-way nature of bypass valve 115 continues to allow fluid flow downward through the valve body.
- Each zone in the completion assembly 2 may be successively treated and reversed out as just described.
- Treatment of the uppermost zone is complete, it is often desirable to make a final wash all the way down to the lowermost zone. However, it would not be desirable to reopen all the closed sleeves as the opening profile on the service tool moves downward.
- One method for avoiding this undesirable effect is suggested in FIG. 6 .
- Service tool 100 is raised until its opening profile engages the deactivation mechanism (e.g., collet de-activator 11 ) positioned near the upper end of completion assembly 2 . This action de-activates or re-cripples the opening profile so it cannot engage and open sleeves (i.e., returns the opening profile to its de-activated condition when initially run into the completion assembly 2 ). With the opening profile deactivated, service tool 100 may be run past the lowest zone while continuously performing reverse washing operations.
- the deactivation mechanism e.g., collet de-activator 11
- FIGS. 13A to 13D illustrate one embodiment of an opening tool de-activator or “re-crippler” device 11 .
- re-crippler 11 is shown having an outer housing assembly 220 which, while not specifically illustrated, will be understood to connect into the main body of the completion assembly 2 at the position generally suggested in FIG. 1A .
- the opening tool (carrying the opening tool profile 124 described above) will have a structure adapted to function with this version of re-crippler 11 .
- This opening tool includes an outer sleeve 221 and inner sleeve 222 .
- the outer sleeve 221 is initially fixed to inner sleeve 222 by shear pin 223 .
- Outer sleeve 221 includes the shoulder 243 on its inner surface, shoulder 239 on its outer surface, and terminates with the hood section 225 .
- Inner sleeve 222 will be directly connected to service tool 100 (not shown in FIG. 13A ), thereby also indirectly connecting outer sleeve 221 to service tool 100 so long as shear pin 223 remains unsheared.
- Inner sleeve 222 includes the collet collar 242 which is ultimately attached to the opening profile collet 227 . It will be understood that opening profile collet 227 is a conventional collet assembly which flexes outward (as shown in FIG. 13A ) in its activated state and may flex inward (as shown in FIG. 13C ) to obtain its de-activated state.
- Re-crippling collet assembly 230 Positioned between outer sleeve 221 and housing assembly 220 is the re-crippling collet assembly 230 .
- Re-crippling collet assembly 230 includes upper collet section 232 and lower collect section 231 which are joined by collet shear pin 233 .
- Upper collet section 232 include the collet fingers 236 and 237
- lower collet section 231 includes outwardly facing profile 238 and inwardly facing profile 234 .
- the shear pin 235 initially connects lower collet section 231 to housing assembly 220 .
- FIG. 13A illustrates the situation where the opening profile collet 227 is flexed outward in the active state and service tool 100 has been raised to the point where the operator has detected the load indication suggesting that opening profile member 227 has engaged the lower collet profile 234 .
- FIG. 13B the operator has set down on service tool 100 with sufficient force to fail shear pin 235 and drive collet profile 234 downward into engagement with outer sleeve shoulder 240 . It will be understood that shear pins 223 and 233 have a greater load rating and have not failed at this point.
- the lower collet profile 238 will shift downward into the recess in outer housing assembly 220 adjacent to outer body internal shoulder 241 and the upper collet finger 237 will shift downward to engage shoulder 239 on outer sleeve 221 .
- Inner sleeve 221 will continue to move upward until the collet collar 242 meets the outer sleeve shoulder 243 . It will be understood that shear pin 223 is designed to withstand sufficient load that opening profile collet 227 can be forced under hood 225 and forced into its de-activated position.
- opening collet profile 227 has been re-crippled and all components of re-crippling collet 230 have been moved out of the way to provide the same full inner diameter for completion assembly 2 as existed prior to the start of the re-crippling procedure.
- Service tool 100 will likewise now be able to move up and down completion assembly 2 without the risk of opening collet profile 227 inadvertently opening treatment sleeves or activating other tools in the completion assembly.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/865,206, filed Aug. 13, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- The present invention relates to the field of completion assemblies for use in hydrocarbon producing wells. In particular embodiments, the invention provides a method and apparatus for completing and producing from multiple production zones, independently or in any combination. It is becoming increasingly desirable to economically complete and produce wells from different production zones at different stages in the process (and in differing combinations), while at the same time reducing the number of “trips” down the wellbore which are needed to carry out these operations. Thus, there is a continued need for improved multi-zone completion assemblies which combine simplicity, reliability, safety and economy, while also affording flexibility in use.
- One embodiment disclosed herein is well completion system having (i) a completion assembly; (ii) a service tool positioned within the completion assembly, wherein the service tool includes a substantially straight bore central passage from an upper end of the service tool to a lower end of the service tool; and (iii) a one-way valve positioned in an assembly annulus formed between the service tool and an inner surface of the completion assembly.
- Another embodiment is a well completion system having a tubular completion assembly, including multiple production zones, where each production zone further comprising (i) a zonal isolation packer; (ii) a screen wrapped, closeable monitoring port; (iii) a closeable treating port below the monitoring port; and (iv) a screen wrapped, pressure activated valve below the treating port.
- A further embodiment is a method of logging a wellbore having a completion system therein. The method includes the steps of (a) positioning a completion assembly in the wellbore, including a service tool within the completion assembly, wherein the service tool includes a substantially straight bore central passage; and (b) inserting a logging tool through the straight bore central passage and logging the wellbore at selected positions along the length of the straight bore central passage within and/or below the service tool.
- Many additional embodiments will be apparent in the following description and claims and their omission from the above summary of selected embodiments should not be considered a limitation on the scope of the present invention.
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FIGS. 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of a completion assembly of the present invention. -
FIGS. 2A to 2D illustrate one embodiment of a service tool positioned within the completion assembly ofFIGS. 1A to 1C to form a completion system. -
FIGS. 3A to 3D illustrate the completion system ofFIGS. 2A to 2D at the stage of being set in a cased well bore. -
FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the completion assembly and service tool during a treating operation. -
FIG. 5 illustrates the completion assembly and service tool during a reversing operation. -
FIG. 6 illustrates the completion assembly and service tool during collet de-activation. -
FIGS. 7A and 7B schematically illustrate fluid flow in one embodiment of a reverse bypass valve. -
FIG. 7C illustrates a modified embodiment of the reverse bypass valve. -
FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate one embodiment of a treating sleeve. -
FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a screen wrapped monitoring sleeve. -
FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate one embodiment of a hydraulically set packer. -
FIG. 11 illustrates a partial cross-section of one embodiment of a mechanically locked PAC valve. -
FIGS. 12A to 12D illustrate the operating sequence of the valve ofFIG. 1 . -
FIGS. 13A to 13D illustrate the operation sequence of one embodiment of a re-crippling device. - One aspect of the present invention contemplates a well completion system having a completion assembly and a service tool positioned within the completion assembly. The service tool includes a substantially straight bore central passage from an upper end of the service tool to a lower end of the service tool. Additionally, a one-way valve is positioned in an assembly annulus formed between the service tool and an inner surface of the completion assembly.
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FIGS. 1A to 1C illustrate one embodiment of thecompletion assembly 2. The completion assembly is a “multi-zone assembly” in that it designed to isolate different sections of the wellbore between packers, which normally will correspond to different production zones identified in the oil/gas formation being produced. For example,FIG. 1A illustrates an upper zone (“Zone A”) betweensealbore packer 4 andisolation packer 46A and a lower zone (“Zone B”) betweenisolation packers 46A and hydraulicallyset packer 46B shown inFIG. 1B . Naturally, the number of zones can be many more than two depending on the particular formation being produced. - As used in this disclosure, “up” means the direction along the wellbore toward the surface and “down” means in the direction toward the toe of the wellbore. Because the wellbore may often be deviated or horizontal, “up” or “down” should not be assumed to be in the vertical direction or to even have a vertical component. Likewise, describing a first tool component as “above” or “below” a second tool component means the first tool component is closer to or further from the surface, respectively, along the wellbore path (when the tool assembly is positioned in the wellbore) than the second tool component.
- Viewing
FIG. 1A , the upper end of thecompletion assembly 2 generally includes aretrievable sealbore packer 4,packer extension 8, cross-over sub 9, collet de-activator 11 (sometimes referred to as a collet “re-crippler”), auto-locator 15, andnon-rotational connector 19.Sealbore packer 4 may be any number of different conventional or future developed packers, but in the illustrated embodiment, it is a hydraulically set polished bore packer with a single high pressure sealing element that serves as the uppermost packer on the multi-zone completion system. This packer includes bi-directional slips for tensile and compressive loading and for simple external release and retrieval (although it may also be provided with an optional internal release). This packer may alternatively be used as a production sealbore packer after sand control operations are completed. One specific example of a suitable retrievable sealbore packer is the CompSet™ Packer available from Superior Energy Services, LLC, Completion Services division located in Houston, Tex. Of course, thesealbore packer 4 need not be a retrievable packer in all embodiments, but could be permanent packer or possibly any other class of packer that can function as required.Packer extension 8 is generally a section of pipe that is made up to the bottom of the retrievable sealbore packer and provides the necessary spacing distance for isolation seals to be run during production. Crossover sub 9 is a conventional device which connects the packer to lower components, including ultimately a sealbore associated with the packer's operation. Collet de-activator 11 will function as a device to “de-activate” a sleeve opening (or closing) tool or profile in order that the opening tool will not open any further sleeves or valves while moving through the completion assembly in the deactivated state. Preferably, the collet de-activator is constructed to leave a fully open ID after it has deactivated the opening tool. - The auto-
locator 15 may be any conventional auto-location assembly which interacts with profiles on a service tool to positively identify the position of the service tool in thecompletion assembly 2. A preferred embodiment of the auto-locator serves to locate the service tool positions by using an inward facing indicating collet tied into an auto J indexing mechanism. This embodiment will include three basic positions: 1) the pick-up position which occurs when the collet is pulled to the top of its travel, 2) the set down position, which occurs when the J is at the bottom of its travel, and 3) the run through position which occurs when the J is in an intermediate position. The auto-locator is actuated by up and down movement of an auto-locater profile (on the service tool) through the auto-locater collet. The auto-locater collet moves to the pick-up position with upward movement through the collet, to the run through position. The “run through position” allows the auto-locator profile on the service tool to pass the through the auto-locator collet. The next upward movement shifts the collet back to the pick-up position, with the following downward movement placing the collet in the set down position. Repeated up and down movements of the profile through the collet will continue to cycle the collet from the set down to the run through positions. In the set down position, the profile is latched into the collet and supported to take set down loads to offset work string movement during treatments. The run through position allows the profile on the service tool to pass through the auto-locator collet with a snap indication. Normally, after performing the intended well treatment, a lockout sleeve locks out the indicating collet leaving a large ID. One example of an acceptable auto-locator is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. - While the embodiment illustrated in the Figures has a single auto-locator collet near the top of the completion assembly and multiple auto-locator profiles on the service tool, this is merely one alternative. Other embodiments of the invention could have a single auto-locator profile on the service tool and multiple auto-locator collets in the completion assembly (e.g., an auto-locator in each zone of the completion assembly). Still further embodiments might position the auto-locator collet on the service tool and auto-locator profiles in different zones of the completion assembly. All such variations are within the scope of the present invention.
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Non-rotational connector 19 is a conventional assembly that allows connection of tubular components without threads and relative rotation of the components. Non-rotational connectors enable more efficient makeup of the retrievable sealbore packer (and other components) and reduces failure risks associated with a long heavy assembly make-up in the rotary table. The completion assembly make up may be accomplished without assembly rotation and may be secured by rotating a retainer nut.Connector 19 incorporates a spline to ensure engagement and to allow locked rotation across the connector assembly after make-up. - The additional components of the
completion assembly 2 seen inFIG. 1A include screen wrappedmonitoring sleeve 20,sealbore sub 26, treating (or frac)sleeve 30, hydraulically activatedshear sub 36, screen wrapped pressure activated control (PAC)valve 40, andtestable isolation packer 46A. In the embodiment ofFIG. 1A , the components between retrievablesealbore packer 4 andisolation packer 46A form “Zone A” or the upper most zone of thecompletion assembly 2. It will be understood that not all the above identified components will be repeated in each zone. For example, the next lower zone, “Zone B” inFIG. 1B , includes themonitoring sleeve 20,sealbore sub 26, treatingsleeve 30, hydraulically activatedshear sub 36, and screen wrappedPAC valve 40, but Zone B does not include collect de-activator 11 or auto-locator 15. - The screen wrapped
monitoring sleeves 20 are shown in more detail inFIG. 9 . This embodiment of monitoringsleeve 20 comprises asleeve member 21 with a sleeve ports 22 formed therethrough and an opening/closing profile 24 formed onsleeve member 21.Exterior monitoring ports 23 are formed through the main body of monitoringsleeve 20. It can be seen that whensleeve member 21 is in the raised position, it coversexterior monitoring ports 23 and blocks the flow of fluid throughports 23. When a suitable opening profile (e.g., on a service tool) engagessleeve member 23 and moves it to the downward position, the sleeve ports 22 and themonitoring ports 23 are aligned to allow fluid flow from the exterior of the completion assembly to the interior. In certain embodiments, ascreen 25 is formed around theoutside monitoring ports 23. Although not shown in the drawings, in other embodiments, a second screen material may be positioned internally to monitoring ports 23 (e.g., in addition to the exterior screen 25). - In one preferred embodiment, the
monitoring sleeve 20 is a Type O sliding sleeve designed (i.e., downward movement to open the sleeve and upward movement to close the sleeve), which in a multi-zone completion system allows monitoring of a dead string while treating the zone by reading annulus pressure. Also, closing the sleeve prior to treating allows treatments to be performed in the squeeze position. This embodiment of the sleeve valve may include a high performance equalizing seal, which allows communication control between the tubing and annulus. An internal screen filtering section may be incorporated to prevent treating proppant from entering into the sleeve sealing areas and allows the valve to be opened and closed multiple times without loss of seal integrity. This preferred embodiment further includes an inside shifting profile which is approximately equal to the treating sleeve internal diameter in order to allow optimal ID clearances for service tool operations. - As used herein, the term “sleeve” may be used to indicate a sleeve assembly such as described above which includes a sleeve member which can selectively cover and uncover a port to allow fluid flow through the port. This sleeve assembly may also be referred to as a valve (e.g., a sliding sleeve valve) since the sleeve assembly functions to open and close a fluid flow passage.
- The illustrated embodiment of treating
sleeve 30 seen inFIGS. 8A and 8B is similar in operation to monitoringsleeve 20. Treatingsleeve 30 includessleeve member 31,sleeve port 32, and opening/closing profile 34 which will provide a positive latching shifting profile for full open and full closed shifting engagement. Downward movement ofsleeve member 31 alignssleeve port 32 with theexterior treating port 33 to move the sleeve assembly into the “open” position as suggested inFIG. 8B . Treatingsleeve 30 differs from monitoringsleeve 20 in that the former lacks a screen which would prevent the transfer of granular materials used in many treating fluids (e.g., gravel being transported through treatingport 33 to the exterior of the completion assembly during gravel packing operations). Typically, the treatingports 33 will be larger than monitoringports 23 and the other components of treatingsleeve 30 are constructed more robustly due to the severe abrasive forces normally encountered at and around treatingsleeve 30. - In general, the treating sleeve assembly provides an isolation sleeve which can be opened to provide treating ports for high pump rates and large volumes of proppant while minimizing erosion on the treating sleeve assembly, service tool, and casing. The length of the treating sleeve should permit it to be opened and remain opened while manipulating the service tool (e.g., upwards/downwards movement to establish the auto-locator set-down position). Too short of a sleeve length increases the possibility of a tool profile unintentionally engaging and moving the sleeve from its fully open position.
- From the above description, it will be recognized that monitoring
sleeve 20 and treatingsleeve 30 operate on the “down-to-open”, “up-to-close” convention. While this is often preferred, other embodiments could operate under the opposite convention. - Although not specifically shown in the drawings, the
completion assembly 2 may also contain one or more sections of centralizer blank pipe. These are essentially sections of pipe that are made up above the screen joint and provide annular clearance and volume space for proppant pumping operations. Centralizer blank pipe may also be used to adjust the spacing distance of the isolation packers that are positioned between sand control intervals. - The hydraulically activated
shear subs 36 will operate to provide a release point for all components in the string belowshear sub 36 when certain conditions occur. In a preferred embodiment, this shear sub contains a hydraulic release mechanism which is utilized to carry the full load of the assembly into the wellbore. This prevents the load from being carried by the shear joint shear screws, thereby allowing long, heavy assemblies to be run without fear of premature release. The hydraulic actuation feature is initiated by applying a sufficient tubing-to-annulus differential pressure. Once actuated, the load is relieved from the hydraulic locking mechanism and transferred to the shear screws. A preferred embodiment of the shear joint allows up to 24″ of travel prior to seal release. One example of such a hydraulically activated shear sub is seen in U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669. The hydraulically activatedshear subs 36 also allow for staged removal of packers and screen assemblies if needed. - The screen wrapped
PAC valves 40 may be any number of conventional or future develop valves, whether sliding sleeve valves or other valve types. In a preferred embodiment,valves 40 comprise a screen joint incorporating a PAC valve with a lock out mechanism. The screen joints may be wire wrap (or mesh type) sand exclusion screens designed to be used in high-rate water packs (HRWP), fracturing and open-hole environments. These joints allow easy spacing for either short or long intervals within a multi-zone completions system. The screen joints may also be incorporated with a special high rib design to provide strength and optimize flow area under the screen wrap. The base pipe is preferably non-perforated with the PAC valve(s) positioned as needed. In this embodiment of thevalves 40, actuation is initiated by first running a mechanical unlocking tool through the valve to unlock the sleeve, and then applying differential pressure from valve ID to OD. The mechanical unlocking tool may be a separate profile (i.e., a profile that will not shift the monitoring and treating sleeves) which is positioned on the service tool. Alternatively this separate profile may be positioned on a different production tool employed in later stages of production. Initial actuation pressure further activates the valves for opening while maintaining pressure integrity. Reducing the actuation pressure to equal the annular pressure then allows the valve to cycle to the full open position. - This PAC valve actuation method allows multiple valves to be used and opened in the same interval. These preferred valves provide complete isolation of the productive interval during all phases of completion operations; require no well intervention to be actuated for production operations; and provide a full open-flow path through the screen-base pipe assembly. As a contingency, the valves can be opened mechanically with wireline or colleted type shifting tools. In preferred embodiments, the
valves 40 are of the type which unlocked mechanically and then may be hydraulically activated. Nevertheless, it is not necessary for all embodiments ofvalves 40 to be mechanically unlocked and then pressure activated. For example, thevalves 40 could alternatively be purely mechanically activated (i.e., both unlocked and opened mechanically) or purely pressure activated, Although generally preferred, it may not be necessary in all embodiments for the valves to be “lockable.” -
FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate one embodiment of a mechanically unlocked and hydraulically activated PAC valve.FIG. 11 illustrates the main body ofPAC valve 40 which has female and male end-connectors allowing thePAC valve 40 to be made up as part ofcompletion assembly 2. The main body or housing of this embodiment ofPAC valve 40 generally comprises the top sub 175,spring housing 176,spring retainer 180, portedouter housing 185, andbottom sub 187. Positioned within this main housing is spring sleeve 178 which is able to move up and down relative tospring retainer 180 along the main longitudinal axis of the tool. Thespring sleeve retainer 177 is positioned on top of spring sleeve 178 with a biasing device, e.g.,spring 179, positioned between thespring sleeve retainer 177 andspring retainer 180. It can be seen fromFIG. 11 thatspring 179 will tend to bias sleeve 178 in an upward direction, which as explained below, will tend to bias the valve in an open position. The lower end of spring sleeve 178 will connect to lower piston (also sometimes referred to as “lower sleeve”) 183. InFIG. 11 ,lower piston 183 is shown blockingflow ports 186, i.e., the valve is in the closed position. However, it should be readily apparent that when spring sleeve 178 andlower piston 183 move upward, flowports 186 become unblocked and the valve will then be in the open position.FIG. 11 also shows howlower piston 183 has the piston shoulder orsurface 184 and the lower part of spring sleeve 178 includes thefluid aperture 182. It may be envisioned how fluid pressure applied in the central passage ofvalve 40 translates throughfluid aperture 182 and acts onpiston surface 184, tending to movelower piston 183 in a downward direction. Finally,FIG. 11 shows a lock/release mechanism 190 which initially lockslower piston 183 in the valve closed position and upon a series of operations, releaseslower piston 183 into the valve open position. - The structure and operation of lock/
release mechanism 190 is shown in more detail inFIGS. 12A to 12D .FIG. 12A illustrates the lock/release mechanism 190 generally comprising lock ring (split ring) 191, lockingpiston 194, lockingsleeve 195, and lock collet 199 (seeFIG. 12B ). Lockingpiston 194 is shown with anequalization aperture 206 to prevent differential fluid pressure from developing between its inner and outer surfaces. InFIG. 12A ,lock ring 191 is shown disposed in the ring groove 192 (more clearly seen inFIG. 12D ) formed on the end oflower piston 183. It can be seen that whilelock ring 191 is disposed inring groove 192,lower piston 183 cannot move upward (leftward inFIGS. 2A-2D ) sincelock ring 191 will encounter and be restrained by the upper ledge 210 (again more clearly seen inFIG. 2D ). Likewise,lower piston 183 cannot move downward (rightward inFIGS. 2A-2D ) because it abuts againstlocking piston 194 which is in turn held in place by lockingsleeve 195. The lockingcollet 199 is attached to aguide pin 200 which rides in guide slot 201 (seeFIG. 2B ) formed on an outer surface of lockingsleeve 195. Lockingcollet 199 may shift between two positions where it engages either collet groove 202A or 202B which are formed on an inner surface of thebottom sub extension 188. InFIG. 12A , it can be seen that lockingcollet 199 engages collet groove 202A. Additionally, the lockingshoulder 198 on sleeve extension 197 of lockingsleeve 195 acts to hold lockingcollet 199 in collet groove 202A. Additionally,FIG. 12A shows ashear pin 205A positioned betweenlocking piston 194 andsleeve extension 188 and shear pin 205B position between lockingsleeve 195 andsleeve extension 188. Immediately aboveFIGS. 2A-2D is a schematic representation ofguide slot 201 andguide pin 200's relative position therein. It will be understood that inFIG. 12A , the lock/release mechanism 190 is in the mechanically locked position. - To begin the process of unlocking lock/
release mechanism 190, a conventional tool with opening collet (not shown) may be conveyed downhole toPAC valve 40 via coil tubing or another conventional means for mechanically manipulating tools within a wellbore. The opening tool will engage theprofile 196 on lockingsleeve 195 and apply sufficient downward force to fail shear pin 205B and move lockingsleeve 195 downward (i.e., toward the right in the figures) until lockingsleeve threads 208 engage thebottom sub threads 209 as suggested inFIG. 12B . As is well known in the art, the lockingsleeve threads 208 andbottom sub threads 209 may have inclined surfaces in one direction which facilitate engagement of the threads, but resists disengagement. Becauseguide slot 201 allows initial rightward movement of lockingsleeve 195 without immediately engagingguide pin 200, the lockingshoulder 198 is removed from its supporting position under lockingcollet 199 prior to lockingcollet 199 being force rightward. However, continued rightward movement of lockingsleeve 195 eventually pulls locking collet out of its position in collet groove 201A and moves it to collet groove 201B as suggested inFIG. 12B . - Next in the opening sequence, fluid pressure is applied to the central passage of
valve 40. As suggested inFIG. 11 , this fluid pressure is communicated throughaperture 182 and acts onpiston surface 184 and causeslower piston 183 to move to the right inFIG. 2C . With sufficient fluid pressure, the force whichlower piston 183 places againstlocking piston 194 failsshear pin 205A andlocking piston 194 moves rightward until its front lip encounters the end ofbottom sub extension 188. Importantly, aslower piston 183 moves rightward, it pushes lockingring 191 rightward. Because lockingring 191 is a spring steel split ring configuration, as lockingring 191 encounters the wider outer shoulder area 193 (seeFIG. 12B ), thelocking ring 191 expands out ofring groove 192 and completely removes itself from the path oflower piston 183 as seen inFIG. 12C . - Now, when the pressure in the valve central passage is relieved and downward force from
piston surface 184 is removed,spring 179 will tend to forcelower piston 183 upward (leftward inFIG. 12D ). Since lockingring 191 no longer obstructs movement oflower piston 183, the lower piston will move upward to a point where it uncoversflow ports 186. Thevalve 40 is now in the open position. - In the illustrated embodiment,
testable isolation packer 46A is dual element packer with a self-contained setting tool having bi-directional slips. The setting tool is integrated between the two elements and is actuated with tubing pressure through the ID of the packer mandrel. The isolation packer contains a rupture disc which is actuated by applying pressure greater than the required packer setting pressure. Once the disc is ruptured, pressure is applied between the two elements of the packer and the casing ID giving a positive indication of packer setting. This packer may be retrieved by a straight upward pull by a conventional retrieval tool. While many other conventional or future developed packer systems could be utilized, one acceptable isolation packer is the ComPlete™ MST System Isolation Packer available from the Completion Services division of Superior Energy Services, LLC located in Houston, Tex. While the above described embodiment employs a “testable” isolation packer, it will be obvious that alternative embodiments could employ a non-testable type of packer. Likewise, many conventional in-string packers with bidirectional slips could also be employed. -
FIG. 1B illustrates the lower production zone (“Zone B” inFIG. 1B ) which below theupper isolation packer 46A, includes several of the components described in reference to Zone A, i.e., screen wrappedmonitoring sleeve 20,sealbore sub 26, treatingsleeve 30, hydraulically activatedshear sub 36, and screen wrappedPAC valve 40. Zone B terminates with the lowerhydraulic set packer 46B. This packer is a single element packer with a self-contained setting tool that has bi-directional slips. The hydraulic set packer will typically be used as the lowermost or sump packer for the multi-zone system but can alternately be used as an isolation packer between zones. Running the hydraulic set packer as the sump packer on the system has the advantage of eliminating a wireline trip and a subsequent debris cleanout trip. This packer's setting tool chamber is integrated into the packer and is actuated with tubing pressure through the ID of the packer mandrel. This packer is also retrievable by straight upward pull. - Although
FIGS. 1A-1C show only two zones, it will be readily understood that any number of zones could be added to thecompletion assembly 2 by repeating a similar series of components for each additional zone. - Below the lowest zone,
completion assembly 2 comprises several further components. These include asealbore sub 26, ahydraulic tubing release 50, ascrapper 54, acollet activator 58, atest assembly 64, and a fixedball seat 70. Generally, the sealbore subs are internally honed, reduced inner diameter, sections of pipe that provide a seal with the reverse bypass tool (explained below) when the latter is positioned within the sealbore subs. However, the sealbore subs can also be utilized to isolate a treating sleeve in the event that concentrically run production seals are traversed across the section. Thelower sealbore sub 26 seen inFIG. 1C does not necessarily interact with the service tool, but is present to seal with a production string inserted into the wellbore in later stages. Thehydraulic tubing release 50 will release the tubing below it and allow the lower components to fall away when no longer needed. In particular, activatingtubing release 50 is one manner of opening the end ofcompletion assembly 2 after aball seat 70 has been effectively sealed by the setting of the ball.Scrapper 54 may be any conventional or future developed scrapper device, including those using blades, brushes, and/or others means for scrapping sand, perforation/gun debris or other debris from the interior of the casing as the completion assembly is run in. One example of an acceptable scrapper is an M&M Casing Scraper available from M&M Oil Tools, Inc., of New Iberia, La. -
Collet activator 58 is one example of an activating mechanism employed to activate a de-activated opening tool and is described in more detail below in reference to the opening tool onservice tool 100. Thetest assembly 64 is a tubular sub on the end ofcompletion assembly 2 which includes thebreakable plate 68 positioned across the inner diameter to form a seal and allow fluid to be pressurized (for leak integrity testing purposes) abovebreakable plate 68.Test assembly 64 also includes a one-way valve 64 which allows fluid from the wellbore into the test assembly, but prevents the exiting of fluid and thereby allows pressurization to occur. In the illustrated embodiment, one-way valve 67 is a rubber bladder covering a series of apertures in the test assembly body. Higher pressure outside the test assembly tends to push the bladder aside and allow fluid inflow. Higher pressure inside the test assembly tends to press the bladder against the apertures and block fluid outflow. One example of such a valve is seen inFIG. 14 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669. The terminal end of thecompletion assembly 2 includes aconventional ball seat 70 which will create a seal when a ball of suitable size is dropped from the surface and migrates through the completion assembly ontoseat 70. - A second main component of the completion system is a service tool which will be inserted into
completion assembly 2 to perform various tasks.FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate one embodiment of aservice tool 100 positioned incompletion assembly 2.FIGS. 2A-2D suggest howservice tool 100 is positioned in the completion system when it is being deployed into the wellbore and ultimately the formation of interest.FIGS. 2A-2D also illustratecompletion system 1 within thewell casing 150 which forms acasing annulus 152 between the inner wall of thecasing 150 and the outer surface of thecompletion assembly 2.FIG. 2A illustrates how the uppermost section ofservice tool 100 includes the sealborepacker setting tool 102 which is connected to the maintubular body portion 101 of the service tool. One function of settingtool 102 is to setretrievable sealbore packer 4.Setting tool 102 will also engage and releasably lock into thecompletion assembly 2, thereby supporting thecompletion assembly 2 both as it is assembled near the surface (described below) and as it is lowered downhole to the formation of interest. A seal on the bottom of the setting tool seals against the packer sealbore to allow testing of the packer once it is set. The setting tool chamber is actuated with tubing pressure. Once the packer is fully set, applying additional tubing pressure releases the retrievable sealbore packer setting tool from the packer (i.e., releases the service tool from the completion assembly). -
FIG. 2A further illustrates how settingtool 102 is also connected to workstring 160, which in turn forms the connection of the completion system to the surface. As used herein, “work string” is a generic term describing a tubular member string used to convey fluids or for well service activities. Both coiled and jointed tubular strings may be referred to as work strings. In additional to thecasing annulus 152, two other spaces extending along the length of the completion system are seen inFIG. 2A ; i.e., the service tool'scentral passage 114 and thecompletion annulus 75 formed between the outer surface ofservice tool 100 and the inner surface ofcompletion assembly 2. - Viewing
FIGS. 2A to 2D , it can be seen how in this embodiment thetubular body 101 ofservice tool 100 extends downward through however many completion zones have been created along the length ofcompletion assembly 2. Various tools or functional elements may be positioned along the length of service tool 110. For example,FIGS. 2B and 2C show auto-locator profiles 105 at predetermined positions alongservice tool 100. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669, when different auto-locator profiles 105 engage auto-locator 15 on thecompletion assembly 2, this positively identifies the position of the service tool relative to various positions withincompletion assembly 2 and insures the proper alignment of the respective components ofservice tool 100 andcompletion assembly 2 in order to carry out many of the functions described below. In particular, auto-locator profiles may be used to locate the position of the reverse bypass valve and to keep the reverse bypass valve aligned while at the same time applying set down weight during treating operations. - Additional components positioned toward the lower end of
service tool 100 are seen inFIG. 2D . For example, in the embodiment ofFIG. 2D , the terminal end ofservice tool 100 includes theconventional mule shoe 131, which among other functions, provides a means of breaking a sand bridge while washing. Positioned abovemule shoe 131 is the opening shifting tool (or collet) 124, which when activated, will open the above described treating and monitoring sleeves oncompletion assembly 2. In one particular embodiment, a multi-acting shifting tool (“MST”) 125 may be employed. ThisMST tool 125 has a first sleeve opening profile, and then positioned above this opening profile,MST tool 125 has a second closing profile. The distance between these profiles is not critical so long as the opening and closing profiles are not so closely spaced that up and down service tool movement in operating the auto-locator causes profiles to unintentionally engage sleeves. One example of the MST may consist of an internal integrity member known as the inner mandrel. Outer components consist of 1) a collet and 2) end caps that make up to the collet and control its travel. The MST is collapsed during deployment and activated upon contacting the collet activator. The MST is constructed to engage on the two service sleeves; i.e., the treating and annular monitoring sleeves. Engagement in the down direction opens either sleeve as engagement in the up direction closes either sleeve. The shifting tool is deactivated once all zonal treatments are completed by engaging into the de-activator or re-crippler mechanism. - Also shown in the embodiment of
FIG. 2D is a closing onlyprofile 109 positioned still further above opening profile 124 (or MST tool 125). The closing onlyprofile 109 may be advantageous in particular situations, for example an opening tool unintentionally becoming activated (e.g., on the services tool's initial run-in) and opening sleeves when not desired. One example of an acceptable activatable opening profile is suggested inFIG. 11 c of U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669 while an example of a closing profile is seen inFIG. 10 b of U.S. Pat. No. 7,490,669. -
FIG. 2D further illustrates schematically areverse bypass valve 115 positioned betweenopening profile 124 and theclosing profile 109. This embodiment ofreverse bypass valve 115 is essentially a one-way valve placed on the outer surface ofservice tool 100 and within thecompletion annulus 75. When positioned within asealbore sub 26,reverse bypass valve 115 allows fluid incompletion annulus 75 to flow in a downhole direction throughbypass valve 115, but prevents flow in the uphole direction through thevalve 115. - One example of
reverse bypass valve 115 is seen inFIGS. 7A and 7B . A substantiallytubular valve body 116 will have a series of circumferentially positionedapertures 118 formed therein.Valve body 116 will also have an outer circumferential seal 120 (e.g., molded Viton) which is intended to engage theinner surface 27 of a sealbore sub 26 (illustrated inFIG. 2D ) to form a seal against sealboreinner surface 27. Additionally, theflexible seal material 119 will be positioned interiorly ofapertures 118. As suggested by flow arrows inFIG. 7A , fluid flowing in the downhole direction in thecompletion annulus 75 will flow throughapertures 118, moveflexible seal 119 away fromapertures 118, flow into the valve body'sinterior space 121, and then exit the valve along the valve'sdownstream path 122 and continue along the completion annulus belowbypass valve 115. In essence, the concentric flow path through the tubular body transitions from an outer surface of the valve body (upstream path 117) to an inner surface of the body (space 121), and back to the outer surface of the tubular body (downstream path 122). However, when fluid attempts to flow in the uphole direction as suggested inFIG. 7B , the fluid pushes theflexible seal 119 againstapertures 118 and thereby blocks the flow path throughvalve body 116. It will be understood thatreverse bypass valve 115 forms a one-way valve only when it is engaging asealbore sub 26. Whenvalve 115 is positioned above or below asealbore sub 26, fluid can flow in either direction around the outside of the entire valve, i.e., between inner wall of thecompletion assembly 2 and the outside of outercircumferential seal 120. - There may be circumstances where very high pressures occur below the
particular sealbore sub 26 being engaged by thecircumferential seal 120 and such high pressures may be sufficient to forcereverse bypass valve 115 to move upward. The embodiment ofFIG. 7C illustrates a hold downassembly 165 to resist such unintentional upward movement ofvalve 115. Hold downassembly 165 generally comprises a body ormandrel 166, and a collet 167 (in this example, a basket collet).Collet 167 includes acollet finger 168 sized to engage acollet groove 169 formed on the inside wall of thesealbore sub 26. Positioned withinmandrel 166 directly belowcollet finger 168 is apiston member 170. When fluid pressure increases sufficiently incavity 171,piston member 170 will press againstcollet finger 168 and movecollet finger 168 into engagement withcollet groove 169, thus locking or “holding down”reverse bypass valve 115 against upward movement. When pressure decreases sufficiently,collet finger 168 flexes back to its original position, out of engagement withcollet groove 169, andvalve 115 is free to be moved out of engagement withsealbore sub 26. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations of hold downassembly 165 could be constructed to perform the function described above. WhileFIG. 7C illustrates onecollet groove 169, other embodiments may have multiple collet grooves spaced together in order thatcollet finger 168 has multiple points of potential engagement. - The completion system will typically be initially assembled by making up the individual components forming a separate completion zone and as each successive zonal assembly is made up, the completion assembly is hung off the rig floor and pressure tested for integrity. The first or lowest zone will include the components seen in
FIG. 1C forming the lower end of the completion assembly; e.g.,hydraulic tubing release 50,scrapper 54,collet activator 58,test assembly 64, and fixedball seat 70. The lowest zone will also include components typically found in all successive zones; e.g., alower packer 46B, production (or PAC) valves/sleeves 40,shear sub 36, one ormore sealbore subs 26, treating sleeve(s) 30, monitoring sleeve(s) 20, and anupper packer 46A. Of course, successive production zones may comprise components different that than the first production zone, as required by the particulars of the well and different production zones. - Typically, as each zone of components is made up, the completion assembly thus far connected is filled with fluid and the assembly is tested for leaks with a low volume test pump; e.g., by pressuring up to 500 psi for 5 minutes. The final or uppermost completion zone assembly may include certain components located at the upper end of
completion assembly 2; e.g., in the embodiment ofFIG. 1A , the non-rotational 19, auto-locator 15,collet deactivator 11, andretrievable sealbore packer 4. As suggested above, many variations could be made from the assembly shown in the figures, for example, an auto-locator could be position in each zone rather than a single auto-locator in the uppermost zone. - Next,
service tool 100 will be made up, with components positioned on the lower end ofservice tool 100 first being connected as suggested by the embodiment ofFIG. 2D ; e.g.,mule shoe 131, opening tool profile 124 (or MST 125),reverse bypass valve 115, closingtool profile 109, and various auto-locator profiles 105. Theservice tool 100 is gradually inserted further intocompletion assembly 2 as further segments ofservice tool 100 are made up. Similar to testing the completion assembly,service tool 100 may be tested for pressure integrity as it is made up (if the reverse bypass valve is engaging a sealbore). Onceservice tool 100 has been extended intocompletion assembly 2 to its full operating length, the entire completion system may be pressure tested. Although theopening tool profile 124 onservice tool 100 should be de-activated at this point, pressure testing confirms no valves/sleeves were inadvertently opened while running inservice tool 100. - After all pressure integrity testing has been completed, the completion system is made ready running into the formation area of the wellbore. This combine completion assembly and service tool being running to the wellbore may sometimes be referred to as the integrated completion assembly. The service tool is temporarily extended further into completion assembly 2 (i.e., by adding addition lengths of tubing) such that
mule shoe 131 rupturesbreakable seal plate 68 andopening tool profile 124 is brought into engagement with the activating mechanism (e.g., collet activator 58) in order to activate the opening tool profile such that it will now engage sleeves as it moves past.Service tool 100 is then positioned at its lowermost run in position withincompletion assembly 2 and sealborepacker setting tool 102 engages and locks into the top ofcompletion assembly 2 as seen inFIG. 2A . With sealborepacker setting tool 102 supportingcompletion assembly 2, the entire completion system may be run in to its final depth onwork string 160. - Typically, the straight central passage of the
service tool 100 is open and unobstructed at the time the completion assembly is run into the wellbore. However, there may be specialized embodiments where the central passage of the service tool initially has some mechanism for closing or blocking the service tool's central passage during run-in and that mechanism is opened or removed before the start of operations with the completion assembly. - One aspect of the present invention is a method of washing out a the wellbore while running in the
completion system 1. The well may contain debris from various earlier activities, including perforating the casing with perforating guns. Thescrapper 54 oncompletion assembly 2 will tend to push such debris below the completion system as it is run downhole. However, it may often be advantageous to wash such debris completely out of the wellbore as the completion system is run in. This operation also acts to remove gas or liquid hydrocarbons from the wellbore prior to setting the packers. As seen inFIGS. 2A-2D , the packers are not set at this stage. Therefore, fluid pumped down thecasing annulus 152 will circulate down the annulus, around completion assembly 2 (the sealbore packer setting tool seen inFIG. 2A prevents fluid from entering the completion annulus 75), and back into thecompletion assembly 2 via unblockedball seat 70, and ultimately back into thecentral passage 114 of service tool 100 (as suggested by the flow arrows inFIG. 2D ) for eventual return to the surface throughwork string 160. If theservice tool 100 is positioned withreverse bypass valve 115 within asealbore sub 26, the uni-directional flow character ofbypass valve 115 will block return fluid from travelling by up thecompletion annulus 75. However, even ifbypass valve 115 is not positioned in asealbore sub 26, typically thecompletion annulus 75 will already be filled with completion fluid which will prevent circulating fluid from enteringcompletion annulus 75. - This “reverse washing” process being performed as the
completion system 1 is lowered to its final position in the wellbore allows a debris removing washing operation to be carried out with no addition use of other tools (i.e., additional trips down hole) or by any special positioning/repositioning of thecompletion system 1. Rather, this useful washing operation can be carried out simultaneously with positioning the completion system at its final depth. Nonlimiting examples of debris which may be removed using this technique include pill remnants, gun debris, and formation solids. - Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of logging a wellbore which has the
completion system 1 positioned in the wellbore. This method employed before or after treatment. For example, logging might be performed prior to setting the packers in order to confirming the packer location. More typically, logging is performed after treating a zone. With thecompletion system 1 positioned at depth, a logging tool on an e-line may be run down the work string, through the service tool's straight bore central passage and to the desired depth in the formation. In certain circumstances,service tool 100 may be raised out of the zone which is being logged, but this re-positioning ofservice tool 100 is not always the case. It will be understood that the straight bore nature ofservice tool 100 allows logging without the necessity of removingservice tool 100 from the wellbore. This may be distinguished from prior art completion system where obstructions in the service tool (e.g., cross-over valves) prevent the running of logging tools directly through the service tool. - After the completion of any desired logging operations and removal of the logging tool, the steps necessary to set the
completion system 1 in place within the formation may be undertaken. As suggested inFIG. 3D , a ball will be dropped and allowed to gravitate to fixedball seat 70. Once the ball is in place, pressure is applied throughservice tool 100 to increase the pressure within thecompletion annulus 75. If the reverse bypass tool is not engaging the sealbore at this time, pressure will be increased along the entire length of the completion assembly. With sufficient pressure, several pressure activated components will change state. For example, the hydraulically setpackers 46 will be activated and set against the casing wall. The sealborepacker setting tool 102 is likewise activated and releasesservice tool 100 fromcompletion assembly 2. - The
shear subs 36 are activated such that loads are now supported by their shear pins. Once all other pressure activated components change to their active state and desired pressure testing performed (for example, pressure testing of uppermost and lowermost packers), additional pressure may be applied to activatehydraulic tubing release 50 and have all components below it fall to the wellbore rathole. It will be understood that one immediate effect of this release is to remove the closed end of the completion assembly that had been formed by the ball lodged withinball seat 70. Successful release ofhydraulic tubing release 50 may be confirmed at the surface by noting a pressure drop in circulating fluid. - Once the completion system is in place with the packers set and pressure tested, any number of completion (or other) operations may be carried out. Various conventional and/or future developed treating methods may be employed with
completion system 1, including stimulating (e.g., acidizing), high rate water packing, frac packing, or gravel packing - While the above embodiments describe the use of the auto-locator to determine the position of the service string within the completion assembly, there may be instances where the auto-locator malfunctions, or the completion system is an alternative embodiment which does not incorporate an auto-locator. In these examples, the treating position of the service string may be determined “hydraulically” by first positioning the end of the service string below the anticipated zone treating depth and establishing forward circulation at a comparatively slow rate and low pressure (e.g., <400 psi). The service tool is then slowly raised at one foot intervals until returns stop and work string pressure increases. At this point, it may be presumed that the
reverse bypass valve 115 has entered thefirst sealbore sub 26 in that zone, e.g., thesealbore sub 26 below the treatingsleeve 30 inFIG. 4B . This process may be repeated to locate theupper sealbore sub 26 in that zone (not specifically shown in figures). Likewise, when circulation is re-established and pressure drops while raising the service tool, it may be presumed that thereverse bypass valve 115 has cleared theupper sealbore sub 26. Theopening tool profile 124 is then run downward to engage andopen monitoring sleeve 20 and treatingsleeve 30. Thereafter,service tool 100 is raise such that its open end is positioned above the open treating sleeve/port and the reverse bypass valve engages theupper sealbore sub 26. It can be understood fromFIG. 4B how the pressure in casing annulus 152 (which is substantially the pressure against the formation) is approximately the same as at the open monitoring sleeve/port 20. The pressure incasing annulus 152 is transmitted through monitoringsleeve 20, through the completion annulus, and to the casing annulus above the uppermost completion packer where the annulus pressure can be monitored on the surface. It can be understood that without this pressure monitoring path, the packers would prevent the direct translation of formation pressure to the annulus area above the completion assembly. - It can also be understood from
FIG. 4B that the completely, downwardly open end of service tool 100 (i.e., no passage deviations for directing treating fluids in a particular direction) allows for the maximum volume of treating fluid to be pumped out of the completion assembly while minimizing abrasion conditions that occur when the fluid abruptly forced to change path directions (as is typically the case in prior art treatment systems). In essence, the treating fluid flow is directed substantially straight downhole from the open end ofservice tool 100. This allows the treating fluid to enter the all circumferentially positioned treating sleeve ports at substantially equal flow rates and pressure. - When the treating operation has been completed in that zone, the
service tool 100 is lowered sufficiently to place a closing tool profile beneath treatingsleeve 30. Upon raising the closing tool profile, first treatingsleeve 30 and ultimately monitoringsleeve 20 will be closed as the closing tool profile engages and closes those sleeves. While theservice tool 100 is being raised during this closing movement, a reversing operation may take place to remove the treating fluid as suggested inFIG. 5 . The reversing operation consists of pumping fluid down thecompletion annulus 75 such that such that it passes around the end ofservice tool 100 and flows back up the central passage of the service tool. It will be understood that this reverse flow may continue regardless of whetherreverse bypass valve 115 is passing through asealbore sub 26. Whenbypass valve 115 is not in a sealbore sub, fluid may freely flow aroundbypass valve 115. Whenbypass valve 115 is in a sealbore sub, the one-way nature ofbypass valve 115 continues to allow fluid flow downward through the valve body. - Each zone in the
completion assembly 2 may be successively treated and reversed out as just described. When treatment of the uppermost zone is complete, it is often desirable to make a final wash all the way down to the lowermost zone. However, it would not be desirable to reopen all the closed sleeves as the opening profile on the service tool moves downward. One method for avoiding this undesirable effect is suggested inFIG. 6 .Service tool 100 is raised until its opening profile engages the deactivation mechanism (e.g., collet de-activator 11) positioned near the upper end ofcompletion assembly 2. This action de-activates or re-cripples the opening profile so it cannot engage and open sleeves (i.e., returns the opening profile to its de-activated condition when initially run into the completion assembly 2). With the opening profile deactivated,service tool 100 may be run past the lowest zone while continuously performing reverse washing operations. - The half cross-section views in
FIGS. 13A to 13D illustrate one embodiment of an opening tool de-activator or “re-crippler”device 11. First viewingFIG. 13A , re-crippler 11 is shown having anouter housing assembly 220 which, while not specifically illustrated, will be understood to connect into the main body of thecompletion assembly 2 at the position generally suggested inFIG. 1A . The opening tool (carrying theopening tool profile 124 described above) will have a structure adapted to function with this version ofre-crippler 11. This opening tool includes anouter sleeve 221 andinner sleeve 222. Theouter sleeve 221 is initially fixed toinner sleeve 222 byshear pin 223.Outer sleeve 221 includes theshoulder 243 on its inner surface,shoulder 239 on its outer surface, and terminates with thehood section 225.Inner sleeve 222 will be directly connected to service tool 100 (not shown inFIG. 13A ), thereby also indirectly connectingouter sleeve 221 toservice tool 100 so long asshear pin 223 remains unsheared.Inner sleeve 222 includes thecollet collar 242 which is ultimately attached to theopening profile collet 227. It will be understood that openingprofile collet 227 is a conventional collet assembly which flexes outward (as shown inFIG. 13A ) in its activated state and may flex inward (as shown inFIG. 13C ) to obtain its de-activated state. - Positioned between
outer sleeve 221 andhousing assembly 220 is there-crippling collet assembly 230.Re-crippling collet assembly 230 includesupper collet section 232 and lowercollect section 231 which are joined bycollet shear pin 233.Upper collet section 232 include the 236 and 237, whilecollet fingers lower collet section 231 includes outwardly facingprofile 238 and inwardly facingprofile 234. Theshear pin 235 initially connectslower collet section 231 tohousing assembly 220. -
FIG. 13A illustrates the situation where theopening profile collet 227 is flexed outward in the active state andservice tool 100 has been raised to the point where the operator has detected the load indication suggesting that openingprofile member 227 has engaged thelower collet profile 234. Next inFIG. 13B , the operator has set down onservice tool 100 with sufficient force to failshear pin 235 and drivecollet profile 234 downward into engagement withouter sleeve shoulder 240. It will be understood that shear pins 223 and 233 have a greater load rating and have not failed at this point. Thelower collet profile 238 will shift downward into the recess inouter housing assembly 220 adjacent to outer bodyinternal shoulder 241 and theupper collet finger 237 will shift downward to engageshoulder 239 onouter sleeve 221. - Next in
FIG. 13C , upward force is pulled onservice tool 100 sufficient to shear pin 233 (but still not sufficient to shear colletrelease shear pin 235. The upward force is also sufficient to disengageopening profile 227 from thelower collet profile 234. Becausecollect profile 238 is retained against outer bodyinternal shoulder 241 andcollet finger 237 engagesouter sleeve shoulder 239,inner sleeve 222 continues to move upward with respect to the now stationaryouter sleeve 221. This will ultimately forceopening profile collet 227 againsthood 225 and cause theopening profile collet 227 to collapse underhood 225 into its de-activated (crippled) state.Inner sleeve 221 will continue to move upward until thecollet collar 242 meets theouter sleeve shoulder 243. It will be understood thatshear pin 223 is designed to withstand sufficient load thatopening profile collet 227 can be forced underhood 225 and forced into its de-activated position. - In the final operation suggested in
FIG. 13D , further upward force has been applied toinner sleeve 222 which is transferred toouter sleeve 221 because of the abutment ofcollet collar 242 andsleeve shoulder 243. Force sufficient to shearshear pin 225 is now applied and uppercollect section 232 is separated from lower collet section 231 (which is still held in place byprofile 238engaging shoulder 241 on outer housing assembly 220). Asupper collet section 232 moves upward, itscollet finger 237 transitions back intorecess 245. At this stage, openingcollet profile 227 has been re-crippled and all components ofre-crippling collet 230 have been moved out of the way to provide the same full inner diameter forcompletion assembly 2 as existed prior to the start of the re-crippling procedure.Service tool 100 will likewise now be able to move up and downcompletion assembly 2 without the risk of openingcollet profile 227 inadvertently opening treatment sleeves or activating other tools in the completion assembly.
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/457,972 US20150047837A1 (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2014-08-12 | Multi-Zone Single Trip Well Completion System |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361865206P | 2013-08-13 | 2013-08-13 | |
| US14/457,972 US20150047837A1 (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2014-08-12 | Multi-Zone Single Trip Well Completion System |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20150047837A1 true US20150047837A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
Family
ID=52465987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/457,972 Abandoned US20150047837A1 (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2014-08-12 | Multi-Zone Single Trip Well Completion System |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150047837A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140014337A1 (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Single Trip Gravel Pack System And Method |
| US20160097267A1 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-04-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Multi-zone completion assembly installation and testing |
| US20170130569A1 (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-11 | Michael Sequino | System for forming a horizontal well for environmental remediation and method of operation |
| US20180187501A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2018-07-05 | Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. | Pressure testable hydraulically activated wellbore tool |
| US20180223628A1 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2018-08-09 | Viggo Brandsdal | A Valve System of a Well Pipe Through an Hydrocarbon Containing Formation and a Method to Operate the Same |
| WO2018236339A1 (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-12-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | WELL APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH REMOTELY CONTROLLED FLOW CONTROL DEVICE |
| US20190169958A1 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-06-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and Methods for Controlling Fluid Flow in a Wellbore Using a Switchable Downhole Crossover Tool |
| US10370946B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-08-06 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Intake screen assembly for submersible well pump |
| WO2021211664A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Multi-trip wellbore completion system with a service string |
| US20220307346A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-29 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Open hole multi-zone single trip completion system |
| US11753908B2 (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2023-09-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Multi-zone sand screen with alternate path functionality |
| US12078036B2 (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2024-09-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Single trip wellbore completion system |
| US20240410235A1 (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2024-12-12 | Ducon - Becker Service Technology, Llc | Manufacturing methods for dual concentric tubing |
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| US4481973A (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1984-11-13 | O'brien Goins Engineering, Inc. | Differential pressure energized circulating valve |
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9353604B2 (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2016-05-31 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Single trip gravel pack system and method |
| US20140014337A1 (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Single Trip Gravel Pack System And Method |
| US20180223628A1 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2018-08-09 | Viggo Brandsdal | A Valve System of a Well Pipe Through an Hydrocarbon Containing Formation and a Method to Operate the Same |
| US20160097267A1 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-04-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Multi-zone completion assembly installation and testing |
| US9957786B2 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2018-05-01 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Multi-zone completion assembly installation and testing |
| US20180187501A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2018-07-05 | Packers Plus Energy Services Inc. | Pressure testable hydraulically activated wellbore tool |
| US20170130569A1 (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-11 | Michael Sequino | System for forming a horizontal well for environmental remediation and method of operation |
| AU2016423784B2 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2022-03-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling fluid flow in a wellbore using a switchable downhole crossover tool |
| US11313202B2 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2022-04-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling fluid flow in a wellbore using a switchable downhole crossover tool |
| US20190169958A1 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-06-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Systems and Methods for Controlling Fluid Flow in a Wellbore Using a Switchable Downhole Crossover Tool |
| US10370946B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-08-06 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Intake screen assembly for submersible well pump |
| US11118432B2 (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2021-09-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Well apparatus with remotely activated flow control device |
| WO2018236339A1 (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-12-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | WELL APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH REMOTELY CONTROLLED FLOW CONTROL DEVICE |
| US20240410235A1 (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2024-12-12 | Ducon - Becker Service Technology, Llc | Manufacturing methods for dual concentric tubing |
| US12078036B2 (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2024-09-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Single trip wellbore completion system |
| WO2021211664A1 (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Multi-trip wellbore completion system with a service string |
| US12134959B2 (en) | 2020-04-15 | 2024-11-05 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Multi-trip wellbore completion system with a service string |
| US11753908B2 (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2023-09-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Multi-zone sand screen with alternate path functionality |
| US20220307346A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-29 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Open hole multi-zone single trip completion system |
| US11649694B2 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2023-05-16 | Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc | Open hole multi-zone single trip completion system |
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