US20130174835A1 - Porous oxygen activated heater - Google Patents
Porous oxygen activated heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130174835A1 US20130174835A1 US13/734,594 US201313734594A US2013174835A1 US 20130174835 A1 US20130174835 A1 US 20130174835A1 US 201313734594 A US201313734594 A US 201313734594A US 2013174835 A1 US2013174835 A1 US 2013174835A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- heater
- approximately
- porosity
- flexible substrate
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017858 Laurus nobilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000125380 Terminalia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005212 Terminalia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F24J1/00—
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
Definitions
- the invention relates to a porous heater that uses oxygen (generally atmospheric oxygen) as a source of a chemical reactant for an exothermic reaction.
- oxygen generally atmospheric oxygen
- Portable flameless heaters are currently used in a variety of applications, such as heating comestible, medical, and consumer items.
- Some heaters utilize the reaction of magnesium and water to produce heat. While such a heater produces a sufficient amount of heat, hydrogen gas is product of the exothermic reaction. This can generate safety, transportation, storage, and disposal concerns. In addition, the exothermic reaction requires water, which can be tiresome to constantly carry around.
- Oxygen-based heaters such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,984,995, 5,918,590 and 4,205,957, have certain benefits over water-based heaters.
- oxygen-based heaters do not require the addition of water to generate heat.
- oxygen-based heaters generate heat only in the presence of oxygen, the exothermic reaction can be stopped by simply preventing oxygen access.
- some such heaters allow for the exothermic reaction to be restarted at a later time by re-introducing oxygen.
- oxygen is abundant in the atmosphere, these heaters do not require mixing of components or additional reactants (as oxygen from the atmosphere is the only missing reactant).
- the assignee of the present invention has provided oxygen-base heaters and various packages for same. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,722,782, issued on May 25, 2010; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/376,927, filed on Feb. 9, 2009; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/874,338, filed on Sep. 2, 2010; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/583,418, filed on Jan. 5, 2012; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/714,526, filed on Oct. 16, 2012; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/716, 226, filed on Oct. 19, 2012; U.S. application Ser. No. 61/716,279, filed on Oct. 19, 2012; and, U.S. application Ser. No. 61/716,906, filed on Oct. 22, 2012, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the present invention is directed to providing a heater that has sufficient porosity so as to be efficient and effective without compromising performance, as well as other benefits.
- the present invention is directed towards an oxygen based heater with a wet porosity of approximately 15-35%.
- the heater may also include a dry porosity of approximately 60%.
- the present invention is directed towards a heater with the wet porosity of approximately 15-35% in a package.
- the dry porosity refers to the porosity of the heater sheet before the electrolyte is introduced, and the wet porosity refers to the porosity of the sheet after electrolyte has been added.
- the organization of the components within the heater sheet to achieve these porosity ranges is an important attribute to ensure that the heater includes the right micro-environment for the oxygen initiated reaction to occur and these porosity ranges are an indication of establishing the right microstructure.
- the present invention is also directed at providing a heater with a wet porosity sufficient to reach a desired temperature in an acceptable amount of time.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the temperature after 5 minutes for various heaters according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the time it takes various heaters according to the present invention to achieve a 100° F. temperature rise (starting from a 40° F. temperature).
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the time it takes heaters according to the present invention to reach their respective maximum temperatures.
- FIG. 4 is a side cutaway view of an embodiment of a heater according to the present invention in a package.
- the heater includes Zn as a reducing agent.
- the heater also includes carbon treated with KMnO 4 as a promoter and a polytetrafluoroethylene as a binding agent that holds the chemical constituents together and allows for a flexible composite heater to be made.
- a preferred carbon is Ketjenblack KB300J produced by AkzoNobel Polymer Chemicals, and a preferred polytetrafluoroethylene is a powdered polytetrafluoroethylene such as Laurel Product's Marzon-10.
- the heater may also include additives to improve stability such as indium, bismuth, stannates, or silicates.
- the properties of the produced composite heaters are shown in table 2.
- the dry porosity is determined by calculating the theoretical density of the components in the dry heater sheet and then subtracting the apparent density from the theoretical density. The difference is then divided by the theoretical density to determine the dry porosity.
- the composite heaters were activated with various amounts of a 20% (by weight) potassium chloride solution and assembled into pouches.
- the different amounts of the electrolyte solution are shown in Table 3.
- the use of the various amounts also resulted in different wet porosities, also shown in Table 3.
- the wet porosity is determined by calculating the free volume in the dry heater sheet, subtracting the volume of activator solution added to the sheet to determine the final free volume and then dividing by the sheet volume.
- each of the composite heaters was evaluated in a standard eight ounce water bag test in which the temperature of water is monitored during the heating process.
- the 140° F. desired temperature was chosen as a desired temperature because a temperature of 140° F. is a desired temperature for a comestible when heated from a cold temperature.
- desired temperature means a temperature that is chosen and which represents a temperature sufficient to achieve the purposes of the heater (i.e., heat a comestible, boil water, melt ice, etc.).
- FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the effect of wet porosity on the performance of heater pouches.
- FIG. 1 shows the temperature rise in five minutes for various composite heaters. As shown and demonstrated by FIG. 1 , the lower the porosity, the slower the temperature rise (in the initial five minutes). This indicates a lack of oxygen access to reaction sites within the composite heater. By increasing the wet porosity, it is believed there is more access to the reaction sites within the heater structure leading to a faster rate of reaction and higher temperature at five minutes.
- FIG. 3 the effect of wet porosity on the time it takes to reach the maximum water temperature in the test is shown in FIG. 3 .
- the time to maximum increases as the wet porosity decreases. This trend is believed to reflect the lower access to reaction sites due to a decrease in available porosity in the heater sheet.
- heater 6 may be disposed inside of package 5 .
- package 5 may be a pouch comprising first sheet 9 and second sheet 12 .
- Second sheet 12 includes a plurality of openings 14 forming oxygen access portion 11 .
- flap 8 Disposed over at least oxygen access portion 11 may be flap 8 (or other similar structure capable of selectively opening and preferably re-closing).
- Flap 8 may include adhesive 10 to secure flap 8 over oxygen access portion 11 when the production of heat is not desired or no longer desired.
- package 5 may include side 7 without any openings 14 ; however, the depicted package is merely a representative package which selectively prevents oxygen access to heater 6 to control an exothermic reaction between heater 6 and atmospheric oxygen.
- Heater 6 is made according to the present invention, and as disclosed above, is a porous flexible substrate which includes a reducing agent, a binder, and a promoter. Heater 6 is also activated with an electrolyte solution. Furthermore, heater 6 has a wet porosity of between approximately 15-35%.
- Such a heater will provide a sufficient amount of heat and reach the desired temperature within an acceptable amount of time, based in part, upon the porosity of the heater itself.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/734,594 US20130174835A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261583410P | 2012-01-05 | 2012-01-05 | |
| US201261583418P | 2012-01-05 | 2012-01-05 | |
| US13/734,594 US20130174835A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20130174835A1 true US20130174835A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
Family
ID=48743050
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/734,594 Abandoned US20130174835A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130174835A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2800732A4 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2015507166A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN104203873A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2013207453A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112014016626A8 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2860621A1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2014008307A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013103871A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201404905B (fr) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9024360B1 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2015-05-05 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Container having self-contained heater material |
| US9278796B2 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2016-03-08 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Container having self-contained heater material |
| US9642736B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2017-05-09 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Thermoformable splint structure with integrally associated oxygen activated heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US9782946B2 (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-10-10 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Laminate structure with access openings |
| US9872795B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2018-01-23 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Thermoformable medical member with heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US10046325B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2018-08-14 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Self-heating device for warming of biological samples |
| US11213150B2 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2022-01-04 | The Pkf Company, Llc | Disposable sleeve for a container |
| US11865036B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2024-01-09 | L'oreal | Integrated heater on facial skincare mask |
| US11998480B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2024-06-04 | The Hilsinger Company Parent, Llc | Self-heating compress for moist heat delivery |
| US12156832B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2024-12-03 | Elc Management Llc | Method, and system for multi-layer cosmetic pads and use thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100016301A1 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Roche Palo Alto Llc | Inhibitors of bruton's tyrosine kinase |
| US20100163011A1 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2010-07-01 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Oxygen Activated Heater and Method of Manufacturing Same |
| US8256412B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2012-09-04 | Kao Corporation | Warming tool in a sheet form |
| US8430921B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2013-04-30 | Wyeth | Portable moist heat system |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2533958A (en) * | 1946-04-23 | 1950-12-12 | Raymond E Reed | Chemical heating pad, particularly useful in permanent waving of human hair |
| US3301250A (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1967-01-31 | Sun Pak Products Inc | Flameless heater, heating assembly and heating kit |
| JPS5569684A (en) | 1978-11-20 | 1980-05-26 | Akinobu Fujiwara | Pyrogen |
| US4356044A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1982-10-26 | Ireco Chemicals | Emulsion explosives containing high concentrations of calcium nitrate |
| US4428784A (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-01-31 | Ireco Chemicals | Blasting compositions containing sodium nitrate |
| US4522190A (en) * | 1983-11-03 | 1985-06-11 | University Of Cincinnati | Flexible electrochemical heater |
| JP4547046B2 (ja) | 1995-06-29 | 2010-09-22 | ワイス・エルエルシー | ヒートセル |
| US5984995A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1999-11-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Heat cells |
| WO2007120168A2 (fr) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-10-25 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Appareil de chauffage portatif et composite de combustible métallique utilisé avec un tel appareil |
-
2013
- 2013-01-04 WO PCT/US2013/020353 patent/WO2013103871A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-01-04 BR BR112014016626A patent/BR112014016626A8/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-01-04 AU AU2013207453A patent/AU2013207453A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-01-04 CA CA2860621A patent/CA2860621A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2013-01-04 MX MX2014008307A patent/MX2014008307A/es unknown
- 2013-01-04 EP EP13733815.8A patent/EP2800732A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-01-04 US US13/734,594 patent/US20130174835A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-01-04 CN CN201380004936.5A patent/CN104203873A/zh active Pending
- 2013-01-04 JP JP2014551368A patent/JP2015507166A/ja active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-07-02 ZA ZA2014/04905A patent/ZA201404905B/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8256412B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2012-09-04 | Kao Corporation | Warming tool in a sheet form |
| US20100163011A1 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2010-07-01 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Oxygen Activated Heater and Method of Manufacturing Same |
| US8430921B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2013-04-30 | Wyeth | Portable moist heat system |
| US20100016301A1 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Roche Palo Alto Llc | Inhibitors of bruton's tyrosine kinase |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9278796B2 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2016-03-08 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Container having self-contained heater material |
| US9024360B1 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2015-05-05 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Container having self-contained heater material |
| US10973674B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2021-04-13 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Thermoformable medical member with heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US9642736B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2017-05-09 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Thermoformable splint structure with integrally associated oxygen activated heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US9872795B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2018-01-23 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Thermoformable medical member with heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US11051966B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2021-07-06 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Thermoformable splint structure with integrally associated oxygen activated heater and method of manufacturing same |
| US10046325B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2018-08-14 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Self-heating device for warming of biological samples |
| US11213150B2 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2022-01-04 | The Pkf Company, Llc | Disposable sleeve for a container |
| US9782946B2 (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-10-10 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Laminate structure with access openings |
| US10369764B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2019-08-06 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Laminate structure with access openings |
| US10052839B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2018-08-21 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Laminate structure with access openings |
| US11998480B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2024-06-04 | The Hilsinger Company Parent, Llc | Self-heating compress for moist heat delivery |
| US12245970B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2025-03-11 | The Hilsinger Company Parent, Llc | Self-heating compress for moist heat delivery |
| US11865036B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2024-01-09 | L'oreal | Integrated heater on facial skincare mask |
| US12156832B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2024-12-03 | Elc Management Llc | Method, and system for multi-layer cosmetic pads and use thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2015507166A (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
| ZA201404905B (en) | 2017-08-30 |
| EP2800732A4 (fr) | 2015-09-02 |
| EP2800732A1 (fr) | 2014-11-12 |
| WO2013103871A1 (fr) | 2013-07-11 |
| CA2860621A1 (fr) | 2013-07-11 |
| MX2014008307A (es) | 2014-12-08 |
| BR112014016626A8 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
| CN104203873A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
| AU2013207453A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
| BR112014016626A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: RECHARGEABLE BATTERY CORPORATION, TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TINKER, LAWRENCE A.;PEDICINI, CHRISTOPHER;SIGNING DATES FROM 20130104 TO 20130219;REEL/FRAME:030428/0654 |
|
| STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |