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US20120144732A1 - Biodiesel and Preparation Method Thereof - Google Patents

Biodiesel and Preparation Method Thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120144732A1
US20120144732A1 US13/390,876 US201013390876A US2012144732A1 US 20120144732 A1 US20120144732 A1 US 20120144732A1 US 201013390876 A US201013390876 A US 201013390876A US 2012144732 A1 US2012144732 A1 US 2012144732A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
acid
biodiesel
value
methanol
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US13/390,876
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English (en)
Inventor
Depo Yang
Miaoling Huang
Dong Liang
Zhuoxue Li
Wenzhe Yang
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Priority claimed from CN2010101228375A external-priority patent/CN101805672B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010101228233A external-priority patent/CN101812378B/zh
Application filed by Sun Yat Sen University filed Critical Sun Yat Sen University
Assigned to SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY reassignment SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HUANG, MIAOLING, LI, ZHUOXUE, LIANG, DONG, YANG, DEPO, YANG, WENZHE
Publication of US20120144732A1 publication Critical patent/US20120144732A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
    • C11C3/10—Ester interchange
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, particularly, to biodiesel and a method for preparing the same.
  • Biodiesel also known as biochemical diesel, refers to the long-chain fatty acid methyl esters or ethyl esters synthesized from transesterification process of materials including vegetable oil, such as oil plants and engineering microalgae, animal fats, waste cooking oil, etc. Besides those similar to petroleum diesel, biodiesel also has sustained renewability and excellent environmental protection, and contains high oxygen content, no sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons, a reduced amount of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and sulfide in combustion emissions. Furthermore, the biodiesel is significantly higher in degradability than petroleum diesel.
  • materials used for preparing biodiesel mainly include vegetable oil, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, and jatropha oil, engineering algae oil, waste cooking oil, and animal oil, such as waste lard, fish oil, etc.
  • vegetable oil such as peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, and jatropha oil
  • engineering algae oil such as waste cooking oil, and animal oil, such as waste lard, fish oil, etc.
  • animal oil such as waste lard, fish oil, etc.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing biodiesel with oil from larvae and pupae of the complete metamorphosis insects.
  • the insects includes, for example, larvae and pupae of the superworms, larvae and pupae of the yellow mealworms, larvae and pupae of the moths, larvae and pupae of the flies, etc.
  • Insects are divided into two categories: incomplete metamorphosis insects and complete metamorphosis insects.
  • the life history of the complete metamorphosis insect is comprised of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult, that is, an egg is hatched into a larva, which then becomes a pupa after a series of molting processes and other small changes, and finally becomes an adult insect.
  • the present patent application relates to the use of the oil extracted from larvae and pupae of the complete metamorphosis insects for preparing biodiesel and the relevant production process.
  • the feeding operation of the complete metamorphosis insects is very simple, and there are a variety of culture mediums, and the cost is very low.
  • Fly is a typical complete metamorphosis insect, and fly maggot is the larva of the fly belonging to the families of the sub-order Cyclorrhapha.
  • a physiological characteristic of the fly is that, it is able to lay eggs for a lifetime after once mating, the reproductive capability of the fly is very strong, and its whole life cycle is 28 days.
  • a female fly can lay eggs 5-6 times during its lifetime, and each time for around 100-150 eggs; from egg to insect, it only needs 3-4 days, and the female fly is able to breed 10-12 generations of insects in one year.
  • the breeding of fly maggots is low in cost, easy to operate and only needs simple devices.
  • the breeding can be carried out indoors or outdoors with a variety of inexpensive mediums, such as agricultural scraps like wheat bran, rice bran, distillers grains and soybean dregs, dung, etc.
  • the large-scale maggots breeding technique has matured, and the breeding has been mechanized and scaled up in developed countries like USA. If biodiesel is produced from a huge amount of cheap maggot oil, the production cost will be significantly reduced.
  • both the superworms ( Zophobas spp.) and the yellow mealworms ( Tenebrio spp.) belong to the order Coleoptera, and it takes about more than three months from egg incubation to emergence of the adult.
  • the superworm larva is cylindrical in shape, and has a length of about 7 centimeters and a width of 0.5 centimeter, which is 3-4 times as big as the larva of a yellow mealworm.
  • Both kinds of larvae are rich in protein (40%-50%) , fat (30%-40%) and other nutrients, and usually used as excellent food for breeding rare animals, such as many varieties of arowana, pet bird, turtle, snake, etc.
  • Moth is also a typical complete metamorphosis insect; it belongs to the order Lepidoptera and is the largest group in the order, accounted for 90% of the Lepidoptera species.
  • the moth includes species belonging to family Gelechiidae, family Noctuidae, family Saturniidae, family Hepialidae, etc., and their individual development goes through the following four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult, and lasts for more than one month.
  • the fat content of the moth larva is very high, wherein the crud fat content of the moth larva of Hepialidae is up to 77.16%.
  • Silkworm is the larva of silkworm moth in the family Saturniidae of order Lepidoptera; the fat content in the dried silkworm is up to more than 30%; silkworm pupa is edible, and the residue can be used as feedstuff of fish, livestock and poultry.
  • Honey Bee ( Apis spp.) belongs to family Apidae of order Hymenoptera, and their individual development also goes through four stages; queen bee lays its eggs in the beehive, which eggs then hatched into larvae, and after 7 days of development, the bee enter the pupal stage, at this point, the body of the bee is honeybee pupae which is rich in protein and fat.
  • domestic and foreign developments and applications of the bees are mainly focused on health products and foods, such as royal jelly, honey, bee pollen, etc.
  • Insects are rich in fat. Many fresh insects have a fat content of 10%-20%, while dried insect products have a fat content of 20%-50%. According to research, factors affecting the fat content of the insects mainly includes the following three aspects: i) insect species, insects of different species have different fat contents; ii) among the same specie of insects, fat contents in pupae, larvae and insects in winter are higher than others; iii) changes in the life history of insects also lead to different fat contents; direct or indirect effects of hormones or neurohormones bring out the changes of metabolic balance between the synthesis and utilization of fats; and processes like growth, migration, diapause, reproduction, fight, etc., also have an impact on the metabolism of the fats.
  • the present application relates to the preparation of biodiesel with using fats from larvae and pupae of complete metamorphosis insects of class Insecta as materials, which insects have relatively high level of fat, short growth cycle and strong ability of propagation.
  • the fats and oils of insects have different characteristics with vegetable fats and oils, the latter are easy to be extracted, since they exist in vegetable oil cells or in fee state such as oil drops.
  • the fats and oils of insects exist in three forms as flowing: the first form is, Van der Waals bonds or hydrophobic bonds of the hydrocarbyl groups of monoesters such as glyceryl ester and cholesterol ester bind with hydrophobic bonds of other lipids and proteins, wherein fat, albumin and fatty acid complex in the adipose tissue exist in this way;
  • the second form is, polar lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol existing in living body membranes such as shaped plasma membranes, mitochondrias and endoplasmic reticulums, and serum-nuclear protein complexes, always bind with proteins so as to form hydrogen hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and hydrophobic bonds;
  • the third form is, just like in the fatty acids, hydroxyl fatty acids and fatty acids with complex branched chains, existing as covalent
  • the extracting method for the fat of insects mainly depends on the state of existence and solubility of the fat, and its combination mode with other ingredients, in the above-described organism.
  • lipase due to the existence of lipase in the insects, which lipase leads to the hydrolysis of the fat and then the production of a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, and also due to the effect of the oxygen in the air, it's easier when in the same state for the fat of insects to become rancidity than vegetable oil, which results in the rising of acid value and further affects the subsequent reaction for preparing biodiesel.
  • the fat of insects is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, wherein the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated ones is less than 0.4, which is some similar to the fatty acids constitution of fish oil.
  • the saturated fatty acids of insects are mainly palmitic acid (C16:0); as for other fatty acids therein, stearic acid (C18:0) is in a lower level, and most of monounsaturated fatty acids are absolutely composed of oleic acid (C18:1n-9) with the content of about (30 ⁇ 10)% in most cases.
  • Some insects contain more unsaturated fatty acids, in which linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) and ⁇ -linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) are more prominent.
  • the fat of insects contains some odd-carbon fatty acids which are rare in nature and appear most of the time as pentadecyclic acid and heptadecanoic acid.
  • the odd-carbon fatty acids possess unique physiological activities such as great anticancer activity.
  • Insects of the order Coleoptera have high levels of Linoleic acid, while insects of the order Lepidoptera have high levels of linolenic acid.
  • Research shows that the fatty acids constitution of insect oil has some connection to factors such as species, growth and development, nutritional status, environment or feedstuff, etc.
  • It is a first object of the present invention is to provide new materials for producing biodiesel and a method for preparing the biodiesel, which is low in the costs of production, renewable in the materials, etc.
  • a method for preparing biodiesel wherein it includes the following steps:
  • insect oil preparation after larvae and/or pupae of the complete metamorphosis insects are dried and crushed, adding a solvent which has a weight equivalent to 1-10 times the weight of the larvae and/or pupae, extracting for 1-48 hours at room temperature and then filtering to obtain Extract I; recovering the solvent from the filtrate to obtain a low-acid-value insect oil with an acid value less than or equal to 2, or a high-acid-value insect oil with an acid value greater than 2; when the high-acid-value insect oil is obtained, pre-esterifying the high-acid-value insect oil to obtain the low-acid-value insect oil with an acid value less than or equal to 2, under the pre-esterifying condition: the molar ratio of the high-acid-value insect oil to methanol or ethanol is 1:6-1:13, the weight of acidic catalyst is 0.5% -5% of the weight of the insect oil, the reaction temperature is 40° C.-90° C., and the reaction time is 0.5-4 hours;
  • transesterification conducting transesterification of low-acid-value insect oil with methanol or ethanol by the following condition: the molar ratio of the low-acid-value insect oil to methanol or ethanol is 1:4-1:9, a basic catalyst with a weight equivalent to 0.5% -2.5% of the insect oil weight is added, the reaction temperature is 40° C.-90° C., and the reaction time is 10-60 minutes;
  • phase separation when transesterification is completed, standing the reactant for stratifying it into a supernatant liquid that is coarse ester and an subnatant liquid comprising glycerin, water, methanol or ethanol, catalyst, etc., neutralizing the subnatant liquid with the dilute hydrochloric acid and then conducting centrifugal separation and vacuum distillation to obtain the by-product glycerin;
  • the solvent is single organic solvent or compound organic solvent which is any one selected from the group consisted of a single lipophilic organic solvent, and a mixture of a lipophilic organic solvent/lipophilic organic solvents and a hydrophilic organic solvent/hydrophilic organic solvents, wherein the lipophilic organic solvents includes, but not limited to, n-hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform and benzene; and the hydrophilic organic solvents includes, but not limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol and acetone.
  • the complete metamorphosis insect can be a fly, a yellow mealworm, a superworm, a silkworm, a bee, or a moth, etc.
  • the acidic catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid or p-toluene sulfuric acid.
  • the extracting at room temperature is preferably conducted under nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the extracting at room temperature can also be conducted without the nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the basic catalyst can be NaOH, KOH, sodium alkoxide or alkli metal; if using NaOH or KOH as catalyst, the catalyst in solid state is firstly dissolved in methanol or ethanol to obtain an alcohol solution with a concentration of 4-8 wt %.
  • the adsorbent includes, but not limited to, one or more of the following: activated clay, diatomite, attapulgite, activated carbon, magnesium silicate, and alumina.
  • the Extract I was analyzed and identified as a crude protein mixture, which can be used as feedstuff or materials for producing chitosan.
  • the Extract II, Extract III and Extract IV were analyzed and identified as phospholipid, sterol, pigment and other ingredients, which can be used in chemical engineering, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and other fields.
  • biodiesel is produced by the above-described method.
  • the method for preparing biodiesel according to the present invention uses insect oils extracted from larvae and/or pupae of the complete metamorphosis insects as raw materials to prepare biodiesel, so that sources of the raw materials are in a wide range and the farming cost is very low.
  • biodiesel produced by the technology of the present invention may be different in its constituent as listed in Table 1:
  • the insect oils according to the present invention are oily liquids extracted from larvae and/or pupae of complete metamorphosis insects by, for example, solvent process.
  • the major components of the insect oils are saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, like fly maggot oil, fly pupa oil, superworm oil, yellow mealworm oil, moth pupa oil, silkworm oil, silkworm pupa oil, etc.
  • the method which uses insect oil to produce biodiesel is different from the traditional method which uses vegetable oil to be transformed into biediesel, for example:
  • the present invention uses single organic solvent or compound organic solvent such as ethanol-ethyl ether to break oil-binding bonds in the insects to extract all lipid, and at the same time, to destroy the activity of lipases in the insects and inhibit the increasing of the acid value.
  • the present invention studies the extracting process with nitrogen protection and without nitrogen protection. The oxidation of the insect oils can be better prevented under the nitrogen protection.
  • the adsorbent refers to a solid substance which is able to effectively absorb certain components in gas or liquid by intermolecular force (van der Waals force), chemical bond generated by chemical reaction, and/or ion-exchange action between the adsorbent and the said certain components.
  • adsorbents include activated carbon, diatomite, attapulgite, activated clay, silica gel, zeolite, wooden meal, furnace slag, humic acid, etc. Due to the high adsorption capacity brought by its high specific surface area, the activated carbon is one of the most commonly used adsorbent.
  • the objective of using adsorbent is to achieve deep purification, for example, to remove a small amount of heavy metal ions, to remove harmful bio-degradable organic matters, and to bleach and deodorize.
  • the crude biodiesel obtained after the adsorption operation can be further processed by freezing (low temperature) separation technology to realize a more complete edulcoration of the product.
  • the freezing separation technology refers to a technology which separates different substances in a certain low temperature range by using their different freezing points; and it has the advantages of no solvent contamination, simple operation, low cost, higher separation efficiency, etc.
  • the present invention uses molecular distillation, which is a new liquid-liquid separation technology also known as short-path distillation.
  • the working principle of molecular distillation is that: under high vacuum, depending the differences of mean free paths of molecular motions of the mixture, separating the mixture's molecules under a temperature far below their boiling points.
  • Molecular distillation has advantages over conventional distillation, e.g., high separating efficiency, high product yield, and good quality of products brought by the low heating temperature and short processing time.
  • the technical solution of the present invention uses the adsorption clarification technique and the molecular distillation technique or combination thereof to remove by-products, catalysts and impurities not participating the reaction, and obtain reliable biodiesel product with steady quality accordingly.
  • the major by-product produced during the preparing procedure of biodiesel is crude glycerol, the yield of which can indicate the conversion rate of biodiesel.
  • High-purity glycerol is widely used in fine chemicals, food, medicine and other fields.
  • the method of present invention can obtain other by-products, such as Extract I (crude protein mixture) which can be used as feedstuff or raw materials for producing chitosan, Extract II, III and IV (phospholipid, sterol, pigment, etc.) which can be used in chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and other fields.
  • Extract I crude protein mixture
  • Extract II, III and IV phospholipid, sterol, pigment, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a preparation method of the present invention.
  • the composition of biodiesel obtained is shown in Table 1, wherein the insect refers to a larva or pupa of a complete metamorphosis insect, collected from various types of artificial farms, research establishments, etc.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel includes the steps as follows.
  • the fly maggots collected from Guangzhou flowers and birds market, were washed by water, processed by limewater, dried at 90° C., crushed, added to petroleum ether of 10 times as heavy as the maggots, extracted at room temperature for 48 hour under nitrogen atmosphere, and filtered to get the Extract I which can be directly used as feedstuff, or as the raw material for producing chitosan (it is the same in the following examples).
  • the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get fly maggot oil (insect oil) with low acid value.
  • the obtained fly maggot oil was mixed up with methanol at a molar ratio of 1: 9.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and NaOH with a weight of 2.5% of the oil (before adding, the solid NaOH should be dissolve in the alcohol to obtain an alcohol solution of 4-8 wt %; it is the same in the following examples) was heating refluxed at 90° C. for 10 minutes and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed with hot water for 2 to 3 times, added to activated clay with a weight of 10% of the supernatant liquid, heated to 100° C., stirred for 10min, and then suction filtered.
  • the filter cake was eluted with ethyl acetate to get eluate from which the solvent was recovered to obtain Extract II.
  • the Extract II was analyzed and identified as including phospholipid, sterol and pigment, and can be used in chemical engineering, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and other fields (it is the same in the following examples).
  • the filtrate was the product, biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • fly maggots collected from junkyard, were cleaned, then processed by hot water, dried at 60° C., and crushed. After adding n-hexane as heavy as the maggots, the resulted mixture was extracted for 24 hours under the protection of nitrogen at room temperature. Then conducting filtering, and the filtrate was got rid of solvent by vacuum distillation to yield fly maggot oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained fly maggot oil was mixed up with methanol at 1:6 molar ratio, adding KOH of 2.5% of the oil weight, and heating refluxing for 30 min at 60° C., following by standing and stratifying.
  • the supernatant liquid was refined by molecular distillation technology under the conditions of a vacuum of 10 Pa and a distillation temperature of 200° C., then separating biodiesel therefrom.
  • the residue was unsaponifiable matter, that is, Extract III.
  • the Extract III was analyzed and identified as including phospholipid, sterol and pigment, and can be used in chemical engineering, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and other fields (it is the same in the following examples).
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • fly maggots collected from rural households in Panyu District, Guangzhou, were cleaned, processed by hot water, naturally dried, crushed, added to petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-propanol of 3 times as heavy as the maggots, extracted at room temperature for 36 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get fly maggot oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol at a molar ratio of 1:13 was heating refluxed at 70° C., added to p-toluene sulfonic acid with a weight of 4% of the oil, and stirred. Then, after reaction for 3 hours, fly maggot oil with low acid value was obtained.
  • the obtained fly maggot oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:7.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to sodium methoxide with a weight of 0.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 65° C. for 40 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, cooled, held in refrigerator of 0° C. for 24 hours, and then suction filtered to get the filter cake as Extract IV.
  • the Extract IV was analyzed and identified as including phospholipid, sterol and pigment, and can be used in chemical engineering, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and other fields (it is the same in the following examples).
  • the filtrate was the product, biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • fly pupae collected from Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, were cleaned, processed by limewater, naturally dried, crushed, added to n-hexane-methanol of 5 times as heavy as the pupae, extracted at room temperature for 2 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to obtain fly pupa oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:9 was heating refluxed at 50° C., added to concentrated sulfuric acid with a weight of 2% of the oil, and stirred. Then, after reaction for 2.5 hours, fly pupa oil with low acid value was obtained.
  • the obtained fly pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:5.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 2.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 50° C. for 50 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, cooled, held in a refrigerator of 10° C. for 120 hours, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product, biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • fly maggots collected from rural households in Panyu District, Guangzhou, were cleaned, processed by hot water, naturally dried, crushed, added to petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-propanol of 3 times as heavy as the maggots, extracted at room temperature for 36 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get fly maggot oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:13 was heating refluxed at 70° C., added to p-toluene sulfonic acid with a weight of 4% of the oil, and stirred. Then, after reaction for 3 hours, fly maggot oil with low acid value was obtained.
  • the obtained fly maggot oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:7.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to sodium methoxide with a weight of 0.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 65° C. for 40 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol. While the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to magnesium silicate-activated carbon with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 85° C., stirred for 40 min, and then suction filtered to get the filtrate as the product, biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the fly maggots collected from a pig farm of Guangdong province, were processed by limewater, dried at 90° C., crushed, added to ethyl ether-ethanol of 10 times as heavy as the maggots, extracted at room temperature for 30 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get fly maggot oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and ethanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:10 was heating refluxed at 70° C., added to p-toluene sulfonic acid with a weight of 5% of the oil, and then stirred. After 0.5 hours reaction, the resulted mixture was evaporated under atmospheric pressure to recover ethanol, and then stood for stratification. Finally, the subnatant liquid, i.e. fly maggot oil with low acid value, was poured out.
  • the obtained fly maggot oil with low acid value was mixed with ethanol at a molar ratio of 1:6.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 80° C. for 30 min, and then molecularly distilled for the separation and purification of the reactant.
  • the molecular distillation procedure consisted of two stages, wherein the first stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 10 Pa and a distillation temperature of 80° C., glycerol and ethanol were separated out in this stage; the second stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 0.1 Pa and a distillation temperature of 110° C., and biodiesel was separated out in this stage.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • fly maggots collected from Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, were cleaned, processed by limewater, naturally dried, crushed, added to chloroform-methanol of 8 times as heavy as the maggots, extracted at room temperature for 5 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get fly maggot oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:10 was heating refluxed at 60° C., added to concentrated sulfuric acid with a weight of 2% of the oil, and stirred. Then, after 3 hours reaction, fly maggot oil with low acid value was obtained.
  • the obtained fly maggot oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:7.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 2.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 60° C. for 10 min, and then molecularly distilled for the separation and purification of the reactant.
  • the molecular distillation procedure consisted of three stages, wherein the first stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 100 Pa and a distillation temperature of 60° C.; the second stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 100 Pa and a distillation temperature of 200° C., in this stage glycerol was separated out; and the third stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 10 Pa and a distillation temperature of 200° C., and biodiesel was separated out in this stage.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • fly maggots collected from rural households in Panyu District, Guangzhou, were processed by limewater, dried at 90° C., crushed, added to ethyl ether-ethanol of 10 times as heavy as the maggots, extracted at room temperature for 30 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get fly maggot oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and ethanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:10 was heating refluxed at 70° C., added to p-toluene sulfonic acid with a weight of 5% of the oil, and then stirred. After 0.5 hours reaction, the resulted mixture was evaporated under atmospheric pressure to recover ethanol, and then stood for stratification. Finally, the subnatant liquid, i.e. fly maggot oil with low acid value, was poured out.
  • the obtained fly maggot oil was mixed with ethanol at a molar ratio of 1:6.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 2% of the oil, heating refluxed at 80° C. for 30 min, and then molecularly distilled for the separation and purification of the reactant.
  • the molecular distillation procedure consisted of two stages, wherein the first stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 30 Pa and a distillation temperature of 110° C., glycerol and ethanol were separated out in this stage; the second stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 0.1 Pa and a distillation temperature of 100° C., and biodiesel was separated out in this stage.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • fly pupae collected from a chicken farm of a rural household in Panyu District, Guangzhou, were cleaned, processed by limewater, dried at 40° C., crushed, added to petroleum ether as heavy as the pupae, extracted at room temperature for 10 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get fly pupa oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained fly pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:5.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 40° C. for 60 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was refined by molecular distillation technology with processing conditions of a vacuum of 0.1 Pa and a distillation temperature of 110° C. to separate out biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained fly pupa oil with low acid value was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:5.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 2.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 50° C. for 50 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed for 2-3 times with hot water, added to diatomite with a weight of 7% of the liquid, heated to 60° C., stirred for 30 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product, biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Silkworm larvae collected from Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), were cleaned, processed by hot water, dried at 70° C., crushed, added to n-hexane of 10 times as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 6 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get silkworm oil with low acid value.
  • GDAAS Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
  • the obtained silkworm oil was mixed with ethanol at a molar ratio of 1:7.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to metallic sodium with a weight of 0.5% of the silkworm oil, heating refluxed at 70° C. for 40 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to attapulgite with a weight of 1% of the liquid, heated to 30° C., stirred for 60 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained fly pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:4.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 1% of the oil, heating refluxed at 60° C. for 10 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the supernatant liquid was refined by molecular distillation technology with processing conditions of a vacuum of 5 Pa and a distillation temperature of 150° C. to separate out the biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Larvae of the yellow mealworms collected from Shengda Tenebrio Breeding Base in Huizhou, Guangdong province, were cleaned, processed by hot water, naturally dried, crushed, added to ethyl acetate of 10 times as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 25 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to obtain yellow mealworm oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:10 was heating refluxed at 80° C., added p-toluene sulfonic acid with a weight of 5% of the oil, and stirred. Then, after 0.5 hour reaction, yellow mealworm oil with low acid value was obtained.
  • the obtained yellow mealworm oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:7.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 2% of the oil, heating refluxed at 65° C. for 30 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the supernatant liquid was refined by molecular distillation technology with processing conditions of a vacuum of 10 Pa and a distillation temperature of 160° C. to separate out the biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Larvae of the yellow mealworms collected from a Breeding Base in Yangjiang, Guangdong province, were cleaned, processed by limewater, naturally dried, crushed, added to n-hexane-ethanol as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 40 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get yellow mealworm oil with high acid value greater than 2.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:6 was heating refluxed at 70° C., added to concentrated sulfuric acid with a weight of 0.5% of the oil, and then stirred for reaction for 2 hours to obtain yellow mealworm oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained yellow mealworm oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:9.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 70° C. for 60 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to attapulgite-activated carbon with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 60° C., stirred for 30 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Larvae of the yellow mealworms collected from an Artificial Breeding Base in Panyu District, Guangzhou, were cleaned, processed by hot water, naturally dried, crushed, added to petroleum ether-methanol of 10 times as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 36 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get yellow mealworm oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:9 was heating refluxed at 55° C., added to concentrated sulfuric acid with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, and then stirred for reaction for 1.5 hours to obtain yellow mealworm oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained yellow mealworm oil with low acid value was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:7.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 60° C. for 30 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to activated carbon with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 80° C., stirred for 30 min, cooled, held in a refrigerator of 5° C. for 72 hours, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Larvae of the yellow mealworms collected from Fangcun flowers and birds market in Guangzhou, were processed by limewater, dried at 100° C., crushed, added to n-hexane-methanol of 8 times as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 25 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get yellow mealworm oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and ethanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:10 was heating refluxed at 80° C., added to p-toluene sulfonic acid with a weight of 5% of the oil, and stirred for reaction for 0.5 hour. Then the reactant mixture was evaporated under atmospheric pressure to recover ethanol, and the residue was stood for stratification. Finally, the subnatant liquid, i.e. yellow mealworm oil with low acid value, was poured out.
  • the obtained yellow mealworm oil with low acid value was mixed with ethanol at a molar ratio of 1:6.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 80° C. for 30 min, and then molecularly distilled for the separation and purification of the reactant.
  • the molecular distillation procedure consisted of two stages, wherein the first stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 100 Pa and a distillation temperature of 160° C., glycerol and ethanol were separated out in this stage; the second stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 10 Pa and a distillation temperature of 200° C., and biodiesel was separated out in this stage.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Pupae of the yellow mealworms collected from Guangzhou Yellow Mealworm Breeding Base, were cleaned, processed by limewater, naturally dried, crushed, added to n-hexane-ethanol of 5 times as heavy as the pupae, extracted at room temperature for 24 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get pupa oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:8.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 60° C. for 50 min, and stood for stratification.
  • the supernatant liquid was refined by molecular distillation technology with processing conditions of a vacuum of 5 Pa and a distillation temperature of 150° C. to separate out the biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained moth pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:7.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 70° C. for 60 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to attapulgite-activated carbon with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 80° C., stirred for 30 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Larvae of the superworms collected from Fangcun flowers and birds market in Guangzhou, were cleaned, naturally dried, crushed, added to cyclohexane-acetone of 5 times as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 2 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get superworm oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:8 was heating refluxed at 55° C., added to concentrated sulfuric acid with a weight of 0.5% of the oil, and stirred for reaction for 2.5 hours to obtain superworm oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained superworm oil with low acid value was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:9.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 2.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 50° C. for 60 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to alumina with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 60° C., stirred for 40 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Larvae of the superworms collected from Fangcun flowers and birds market in Guangzhou, were cleaned, processed by hot water, naturally dried, crushed, added to benzene-ethanol of 5 times as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 15 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get superworm oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:11 was heating refluxed at 65° C., added to p-toluene sulfonic acid with a weight of 3% of the oil, and stirred for reaction for 4 hours to obtain superworm oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained superworm oil with low acid value was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:5.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to metallic sodium with a weight of 1% of the oil, heating refluxed at 65° C. for 20 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to magnesium silicate with a weight of 1% of the liquid, heated to 70° C., stirred for 10 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained superworm oil was mixed with ethanol at a molar ratio of 1:8.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 1% of the oil, heating refluxed at 75° C. for 50 min, and then molecularly distilled for the separation and purification of the reactant.
  • the molecular distillation procedure consisted of three stages, wherein the first stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 300 Pa and a distillation temperature of 70° C.; the second stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 50 Pa and a distillation temperature of 110° C., in this stage glycerol was separated out; and the third stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 1 Pa and a distillation temperature of 140° C., and biodiesel was separated out in this stage.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained superworm pupa oil with low acid value was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:10.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 2.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 50° C. for 60 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to activated carbon with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 100° C., stirred for 40 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained moth pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:8.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 60° C. for 50 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the supernatant liquid was refined by molecular distillation technology with processing conditions of a vacuum of 2 Pa and a distillation temperature of 120° C. to separate out the biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained moth larva oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:9.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 2.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 70° C. for 40 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to magnesium silicate-activated carbon with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 70° C., stirred for 30 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Larvae of the moths collected from Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, were cleaned, processed by hot water, naturally dried, crushed, added to ethyl acetate of 8 times as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 30 hours, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get moth larva oil with high acid value.
  • a mixture of the obtained oil and methanol mixed at a molar ratio of 1:10 was heating refluxed at 80° C., added to p-toluene sulfonic acid with a weight of 5% of the oil, and stirred for reaction for 3.5 hours to obtain moth larva oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained moth larva oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:7.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 2% of the oil, heating refluxed at 65° C. for 30 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the supernatant liquid was refined by molecular distillation technology with processing conditions of a vacuum of 10 Pa and a distillation temperature of 160° C. to separate out the biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Larvae of the silkworms collected from GuangDong Tincan Sericulture Co., Ltd., were cleaned, processed by limewater, dried at 80° C., crushed, added to benzene as heavy as the larvae, extracted at room temperature for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to obtain silkworm larva oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained silkworm oil was mixed with ethanol at a molar ratio of 1:9.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to KOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 40° C. for 40 min, and then molecularly distilled for the separation and purification of the reactant.
  • the molecular distillation procedure consisted of two stages, wherein the first stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 10 Pa and a distillation temperature of 80° C., glycerol and ethanol were separated out in this stage; the second stage of the molecular distillation has the processing conditions of a vacuum of 0.1 Pa and a distillation temperature of 100° C., and biodiesel was separated out in this stage.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Silkworm pupae collected from GuangDong Tincan Sericulture Co., Ltd., were cleaned, processed by limewater, dried at 80° C., crushed, added to ethyl ether of 10 times as heavy as the pupae, extracted at room temperature for 10 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to get silkworm pupa oil with low acid value.
  • the obtained silkworm pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:5.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to sodium methoxide with a weight of 2.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 70° C. for 30 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product—glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to attapulgite-magnesium silicate with a weight of 6% of the liquid, heated to 60° C., stirred for 30 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • Silkworm pupae collected from Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), were cleaned, processed by hot water, dried at 50° C., crushed, added to cyclohexane as heavy as the pupae, extracted at room temperature for 15 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to recover the solvent and to obtain silkworm pupa oil with low acid value.
  • GDAAS Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
  • the obtained silkworm pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:6.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 2% of the oil, heating refluxed at 70° C. for 30 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the supernatant liquid was refined by molecular distillation technology with processing conditions of a vacuum of 8 Pa and a distillation temperature of 130° C. to separate out the biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained bee pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:9.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to NaOH with a weight of 1.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 70° C. for 60 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to activated clay-activated carbon with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 80° C., stirred for 30 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.
  • the preparation method of biodiesel according to this example includes the steps as follows.
  • the obtained bee pupa oil was mixed with methanol at a molar ratio of 1:9.
  • the resulted mixture was then added to sodium methoxide with a weight of 0.5% of the oil, heating refluxed at 70° C. for 40 min, and then stood for stratification.
  • the subnatant liquid was neutralized by dilute hydrochloric acid, centrifuged, and evaporated under reduced pressure to get a by-product glycerol.
  • the supernatant liquid was washed 2-3 times with hot water, added to activated carbon-alumina with a weight of 5% of the liquid, heated to 40° C., stirred for 20 min, and then suction filtered to obtain the filtrate as the product biodiesel.

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CN103497841A (zh) * 2013-09-18 2014-01-08 姜皓 一种生物柴油的制备方法及其专用反应釜
CN103627536B (zh) * 2013-11-26 2016-06-15 江苏科技大学 生物质废弃物固体酸用于两步法催化蚕蛹油制备生物柴油的方法
US10472592B1 (en) 2016-10-06 2019-11-12 Smisson-Mathis Energy, Llc Systems and methods for purification of fats, oils, and grease from wastewater
WO2019086975A1 (fr) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-09 King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology Procédé de traitement de larves d'insectes pour la production d'hydrocarbures
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KR102418025B1 (ko) * 2019-10-30 2022-07-07 그린테코 주식회사 곤충 건조 조건에 따른 바이오디젤 합성 방법
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KR102786950B1 (ko) * 2022-08-12 2025-03-26 고등기술연구원연구조합 유용지질 기반 탄화수소 연료의 분리장치, 분리방법 및 생산시스템

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