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US20120064109A1 - Immunogenic composition and uses thereof - Google Patents

Immunogenic composition and uses thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120064109A1
US20120064109A1 US13/268,069 US201113268069A US2012064109A1 US 20120064109 A1 US20120064109 A1 US 20120064109A1 US 201113268069 A US201113268069 A US 201113268069A US 2012064109 A1 US2012064109 A1 US 2012064109A1
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immunogenic composition
composition according
antigen
cys
dendritic cell
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David Charles Jackson
Weiguang Zeng
Brendon Yew Loong Chua
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University of Melbourne
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University of Melbourne
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Assigned to THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE reassignment THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHUA, BRENDON YEW LOONG, JACKSON, DAVID CHARLES, ZENG, WEIGUANG
Publication of US20120064109A1 publication Critical patent/US20120064109A1/en
Priority to US14/602,778 priority Critical patent/US9889195B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/03—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in an undefined or only partially defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/38—Albumins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/76—Albumins
    • C07K14/77—Ovalbumin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2/00—Peptides of undefined number of amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55516—Proteins; Peptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/60—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
    • A61K2039/6018—Lipids, e.g. in lipopeptides

Definitions

  • Dendritic cells are immune cells and form part of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the surface to other cells of the immune system, thus functioning as antigen-presenting cells.
  • any peptide to be able to induce an effective antibody response it must contain particular sequences of amino acids known as epitopes that are recognised by the immune system.
  • epitopes need to be recognised by specific immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors present on the surface of B lymphocytes. It is these cells which ultimately differentiate into plasma cells capable of producing antibody specific for that epitope.
  • Ig immunoglobulin
  • the immunogen must also contain epitopes that are presented by antigen presenting cells (APC) to specific receptors present on helper lymphocytes, the cells which are necessary to provide the signals required for the B cells to differentiate into antibody producing cells.
  • APC antigen presenting cells
  • CTL cytotoxic T cells
  • APC cytotoxic T cells
  • MHC class I MHC class I
  • helper T cells play a role in this process; before the APC is capable of activating the CTL it must first receive signals from the helper T cell to upregulate the expression of the necessary costimulatory molecules.
  • Helper T cell epitopes are bound by molecules present on the surface of APCs that are coded by class II genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • TCR T-cell receptors
  • an immunogen must contain epitopes capable of being recognised by helper T cells in addition to the epitopes that will be recognised by B cells or by cytotoxic T cells. It should be realised that these types of epitopes may be very different. For B cell epitopes, conformation is important as the B cell receptor binds directly to the native immunogen. In contrast, epitopes recognised by T cells are not dependent on conformational integrity of the epitope and consist of short sequences of approximately nine amino acids for CTL and slightly longer sequences, with less restriction on length, for helper T cells.
  • the present inventors have developed immunogenic compositions comprising an antigen and a dendritic cell targeting component in which the antigen is electrostatically associated with the dendritic cell targeting component.
  • the present invention provides an immunogenic composition
  • an antigen comprises a negatively charged region and wherein the dendritic cell targeting component comprises a positively charged group covalently attached to a dendritic cell ligand and wherein the negatively charged region of antigen is electrostatically associated with the dendritic cell targeting component.
  • the present invention provides an immunogenic composition
  • an antigen comprises a positively charged region and wherein the dendritic cell targeting component comprises a negatively charged group covalently attached to a dendritic cell ligand and wherein the positively charged region of antigen is electrostatically associated with the dendritic cell targeting component.
  • the present invention provides a method of raising an immune response in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject an immunogenic composition of the first or second aspect of the present invention.
  • OVA ovalbumin
  • HEL hen egg white lysozyme
  • R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) construct shown at 1 in FIG. 5
  • E 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) construct shown at 2 in FIG. 5
  • CFA complete Freund's adjuvant.
  • FIG. 1 Antibody and cell-mediated responses elicited by vaccination with R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys-OVA) complexes.
  • R 4 S 2 Pam 2 Cys-OVA
  • FIG. 1 Antibody and cell-mediated responses elicited by vaccination with R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys-OVA) complexes.
  • A Groups of BALB/c mice were inoculated sub-cutaneously with 25 ⁇ g of OVA alone, OVA emulsified in CFA or OVA that had been mixed with an equimolar or a 5-fold molar excess of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys). Animals received a second and similar dose of antigen 26 days later. Sera were obtained from blood taken 27 days after the primary ( ⁇ ) and 13 days following the secondary ( ⁇ ) inoculation of antigen. Antibody levels were determined by ELISA and individual antibody titres presented with the mean value represented by the horizontal bar.
  • FIG. 2 OVA and HEL-specific antibody responses elicited by vaccination with cationic and anion lipopeptide-protein complexes.
  • BALB/c mice were inoculated sub-cutaneously with 25 ⁇ g of HEL (A) or OVA (B) alone, emulsified in CFA or with an equal amount of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) or E 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys that had been mixed with the antigen. Mice were bled 28 days after the primary ( ⁇ ) inoculation, boosted on day 32 and bled again on day 46 ( ⁇ ). Antibody levels were then determined by ELISA. Individual animal titres are presented with the mean value represented by the horizontal bar.
  • FIG. 3 Sedimentation of ovalbumin-lipopeptide complexes. Increasing amounts of the branched R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) or linear Pam 2 Cys-SK 4 lipopeptide were mixed with 1 nmole of ovalbumin (OVA) in a total volume of 100 ⁇ l PBS in a flat flat-bottom 96-well plate. The turbidity of the solution was then measured by determining the optical density of the solution at 450 nm.
  • OVA ovalbumin
  • FIG. 4 HPLC analysis of ovalbumin-R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) lipopeptide solution. HPLC analysis was performed on supernatants of solutions containing either (A) 100 nmoles of branched R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) lipopeptide, (B) 1 nmole of ovalbumin (OVA) or (C) a mixture of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) lipopeptide and ovalbumin in a total volume of 100 ⁇ l PBS following centrifugation (1.2 ⁇ 10 5 G). (D) Sedimented material from the mixture containing both the lipopeptide and OVA was dissolved in a solution of 50% acetonitrile in water and then analysed by HPLC. In all samples containing R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys), the identity of the peak corresponding to the lipopeptide was verified by mass spectrometry.
  • A 100 nmoles of branched R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) lipopeptide
  • OVA ovalbumin
  • FIG. 5 Schematic representations of some examples of branched (structures 1-5) and linear (structures 6-8) immunogenic compositions comprising of positively charged (Arginine, R; Lysine, K) or negatively charged (Aspartic acid, D; Glutamic acid, E) amino acids in terminal positions such that their respective electrostatic charges are displayed to the environment.
  • Each immunogenic composition also contains dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine (Pam2Cys) which is a ligand for Toll-Like Receptor 2. Two serine residues (Ser) are also incorporated.
  • the peptide structure was assembled in the direction N ⁇ C, all other structures shown in the figure were assembled C ⁇ N.
  • Positive and negative electrostatic charges are shown as 2 ⁇ , 2+, 1 ⁇ , 1+ etc. depending on the size of charge.
  • Ac acetyl group used to suppress the positive charge of alpha amino groups in the case of N-terminally situated Glutamic acid.
  • the present inventors have found that a charged moiety covalently attached to a dendritic cell targeting group associate with an antigen electrostatically to form an immunogenic complex which can be used to raise an immune response.
  • the present invention provides an immunogenic composition
  • an antigen comprises a negatively charged region and wherein the dendritic cell targeting component comprises a positively charged group covalently attached to a dendritic cell ligand and wherein the negatively charged region of antigen is electrostatically associated with the dendritic cell targeting component.
  • the antigen includes a negatively charged region or domain which can electrostatically interact with the charged targeting component. It is however not essential that the antigen has an overall negative charge, although this is preferred. It is also possible to increase the negative charge of the antigen by adding negatively charged groups. For example with a polypeptide antigen a chain of aspartic acid or glutamic acid residues could be added to the polypeptide.
  • the positively charged group comprises at least one positively charged amino acid. It is also preferred that the positively charged group is a branched or linear peptide, preferably branched. In various embodiments the peptide will include at least one arginine, histidine, ornithine or lysine residue or combinations thereof. It is preferred that the peptide comprises at least four arginine residues and/or at least four lysine residues. It is particularly preferred that the positively charged group comprises a branched peptide comprising at least 4 arginine residues.
  • the present invention provides an immunogenic composition
  • an antigen comprises a positively charged region and wherein the dendritic cell targeting component comprises a negatively charged group covalently attached to a dendritic cell ligand and wherein the positively charged region of antigen is electrostatically associated with the dendritic cell targeting component.
  • the antigen includes a positively charged region or domain which can electrostatically interact with the charged targeting component. It is however not essential that the antigen has an overall positive charge, although this is preferred. It is also possible to increase the positive charge of the antigen by adding positively charged groups. For example with a polypeptide antigen a chain of lysine, arginine or histidine residues could be added to the polypeptide.
  • the negatively charged group comprises at least one negatively charged amino acids. It is also preferred that the negatively charged group is a branched or linear peptide, preferably branched. In various embodiments the peptide will include at least one aspartic acid or glutamic acid residue or combinations thereof. It is preferred that the peptide comprises at least four aspartic acid residues and/or at least four glutamic acid residues. It is particularly preferred that the positively charged group comprises a branched peptide comprising at least 4 glutamic acid residues.
  • the antigen is not a nucleic acid. It is also preferred that the antigen is associated with the dendritic cell targeting component by electrostatic interaction only.
  • the dendritic cell ligand is a TLR ligand.
  • the TLR ligand may comprise a lipid or a peptidoglycan or a lipoprotein or a lipopolysaccharide.
  • the TLR ligand may comprise palmitoyl, myristoyl, stearoyl, lauroyl, octanoyl, or decanoyl.
  • the TLR ligand is selected from the group consisting of: Pam2Cys, Pam3Cys, Step 2Cys, Lau2Cys, and Oct2Cys.
  • the TLR ligand binds TLR-2, which may be associated TLR-1, or TLR-6.
  • the present invention provides a method of raising an immune response in a subject, the method comprising administering to a subject an immunogenic composition according to the first or second aspects of the present invention.
  • An exemplary dendritic cell targeting compound of the present invention is the lipopeptide “Pam 2 Cys”.
  • lipopeptide means any composition of matter comprising one or more lipid moieties and one or more amino acid sequences that are conjugated.
  • “Pam 2 Cys” also known as dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine or S-[2, 3 bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl] cysteine has been synthesised (Metzger, J. W. et al. 1995.
  • Preferred groups include Pam 2 Cys, Pam 3 Cys, Ste 2 Cys, Lau 2 Cys, and Oct 2 Cys.
  • Immuno response means a reference to the concerted action of lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells, phagocytic cells, granulocytes, and soluble macromolecules produced by the above cells or the liver (including antibodies, cytokines, and complement) that results in selective damage to, destruction of, or elimination from the human body of invading pathogens, cells or tissues infected with pathogens, cancerous cells, or, in cases of autoimmunity or pathological inflammation, normal human cells or tissues.
  • the amino groups of the N-terminal arginine acid residues were protected using a 10-fold molar excess of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Fluka Chemika, Switzerland) in the presence of DIPEA.
  • the Boc protective groups were removed upon successful lipidation and cleavage.
  • the glutamic acid residues are acetylated with acetic anhydride to block the a-amino groups and also suppress the positive charges of the a-amino groups of the final product.
  • the Mtt protective group present on the ⁇ -amino group of the C-terminal lysine was then removed and two serines were coupled.
  • the Pam 2 Cys lipid moiety was then coupled according to Zeng et al (Zeng 2003) to generate branched R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) or branched E 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys).
  • lipopeptides were cleaved from the solid phase support with 88% TFA, 5% phenol, 2% TIPS, 5% water for 3 hours at room temperature and were analysed by reversed phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a Vydac C4 column (4.6 ⁇ 300 mm) installed in a Waters HPLC system. The chromatogram was developed at a flow rate of 1 ml/min using 0.1% TFA in H 2 O and 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile as the limit solvent. Products were purified if necessary and presented as a single major peak on analytical RP-HPLC and had the expected mass when analysed using an Agilent series 1100 ion trap mass spectrometer.
  • RP-HPLC reversed phase high-pressure liquid chromatography
  • mice Groups of five female, 8-12 week old BALB/c mice were inoculated sub-cutaneously in the base of the tail on day 0 and again on day 28 unless otherwise stated with either 25 ⁇ g of ovalbumin (OVA; Sigma Aldrich, USA) or hen egg lysozyme (HEL; Sigma Aldrich, USA) in saline or emulsified in CFA, or mixed with different amounts of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) or E 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) in saline. Sera were prepared from blood taken at approximately 4 weeks following the primary inoculation and 2 weeks following the secondary inoculation unless otherwise stated.
  • OVA ovalbumin
  • HEL hen egg lysozyme
  • Sera were prepared from blood taken at approximately 4 weeks following the primary inoculation and 2 weeks following the secondary inoculation unless otherwise stated.
  • a Labsystems Multiscan Multisoft microplate reader (Pathtech Diagnostics, Australia) was used to determine the absorbance readings at 405 nm (with wavelength correction at 450 nm).
  • the titers of antibody are expressed as the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum required to achieve an optical density of 0.2.
  • mice were administered with a third dose of OVA (25 ⁇ g) in saline or emulsified in CFA, or mixed with different amounts of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys). Seven days later spleens were obtained from inoculated mice and pressed through a metal sieve to obtain single cell suspensions.
  • OVA 25 ⁇ g
  • R 4 S 2 Pam 2 Cys
  • Splenocytes (1 ⁇ 10 6 ) were then cultured with syngeneic irradiated (2200 rad, 60 Co source) na ⁇ ve splenocytes (5 ⁇ 10 5 ) with or without the OVA 258-265 peptide SIINFEKL (2 ⁇ g/ml) in the presence of recombinant IL-2 (10 U/ml; Roche, Mannheim, Germany).
  • Brefeldin A (1 ⁇ g/ml) in the form of BD GolgiPlug from the Cytofix/Cytoperm Plus Kit (Becton Dickinson, USA) was also included in this culture.
  • lymphocytes were washed with FACs wash and stained with a PerCP-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD8 antibody (Clone 53-6.7; Becton Dickinson, USA) for 30 minutes at 4° C. Fixation and permeabilization was then performed for 20 minutes at 4° C. using Cytofix/Cytoperm solution (Cytofix/Cytoperm Plus Kit, Becton Dickinson, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  • OVA (1 nmole) was mixed with increasing amounts of the branched R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) or linear Pam 2 Cys-SK 4 lipopeptide in a total volume of 100 ⁇ l PBS in a flat-bottom 96-well plate.
  • the turbidity of solution in each well was then determined by measuring its optical density at 450 nm on a Labsystems Multiscan Multisoft microplate reader.
  • Solutions containing either 100 nmoles of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys), 1 nmole of OVA or a mixture of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) and OVA were also centrifuged (1.2 ⁇ 10 5 G) and HPLC analysis performed on supernatants. Sedimented material from the mixture containing both the lipopeptide and OVA was also dissolved in a solution of 50% acetonitrile in water and then analysed by HPLC. In all samples, the identity of the peak corresponding to the lipopeptide was verified by mass spectrometry and that of OVA based on its retention time in the solution containing OVA alone.
  • Protein antigens particularly recombinant proteins, are often not immunogenic and formulation with adjuvant is necessary to enhance their immunogenicity although concerns about adjuvant toxicity and their mechanism of action need to be resolved before they can be licensed for use in humans. Therefore the development of novel systems that can facilitate the delivery of protein antigens by directly targeting and concurrently activating antigen-presenting cells, such as the dendritic cell, could prove to be advantageous.
  • a charged and branched lipopeptide structure that can electrostatically bind protein antigens and deliver them to dendritic cells.
  • the charge of the lipopeptide is mediated by the presence of four N-terminal arginine (R 4 ) or glutamic acid residues (E 4 ) imparting either an overall positive or negatively charge respectively to the delivery module.
  • R 4 can be used to bind negatively charged proteins and E 4 used for those that are positively charged.
  • TLR-2 targeting lipid moiety Pam 2 Cys
  • R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) cationic version
  • E 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) anionic version
  • the lipopeptide R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) has an overall charge of +8 due to the presence of four N-terminal arginine residues (each arginine having a +2 charge).
  • OVA ovalbumin
  • Vaccination with OVA pre-incubated with an equimolar or a 5-fold molar excess of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) elicited significantly higher titres of anti-OVA antibodies in the primary and secondary response than did vaccination with OVA alone ( FIG. 1A ) indicating that association of the cationic lipopeptide with the protein can enhance its immunogenicity.
  • the level of antibody elicited appears to be proportional to the amount of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) used because a 5-fold excess of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) resulted in higher antibody levels compared to those achieved when an equal amount R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) was used.
  • the lipopeptide E 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys) (which has an overall charge of +4 due to the presence of four N-terminal glutamic acid residues) was incubated with hen egg lysozyme (HEL) which has an overall charge of +8. Inoculation of mice with these complexes resulted in higher antibody titres than those that were achieved with HEL alone indicating that the strategy of using Pam2Cys imbued with an electric charge opposite to the antigen with which it is administered can also be applied to accommodate protein antigens of the opposite charge ( FIG. 2A ).
  • HEL hen egg lysozyme
  • branched positively or negatively charged lipopeptides can be used to enhance the immunogenicity of oppositely charged proteins. This is especially highlighted through the use of R 4 (S 2 Pam 2 Cys), which although capable of inducing OVA-specific responses, is unable to augment HEL-specific responses. Considering the positive charge of this lipopeptide and those of the proteins examined, the effects observed are possibly due to electrostatic interactions, or lack of therein, between the Pam2Cys moiety and the antigen. Further investigations to confirm this hypothesis can be achieved through chromatographic methods of analysis and additional in vivo studies using similarly or oppositely charged protein antigens as well as the inclusion of a branched lipopeptide that has a neutral charge.

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US10406100B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2019-09-10 Ena Therapeutics Pty Ltd Immunostimulatory method
US12017979B2 (en) 2019-06-26 2024-06-25 Ena Respiratory Pty Ltd Molecules
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US8883717B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2014-11-11 Artificial Cell Technologies, Inc. Antigenic compositions and methods
WO2016037240A1 (fr) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 The University Of Melbourne Réactif immunologique
US10253062B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2019-04-09 Margaret Anne Brimble Amino acid and peptide conjugates and uses thereof
EP3349788B1 (fr) 2015-09-16 2025-04-09 Artificial Cell Technologies, Inc. Compositions antimalariques et procédés
SG11201807036QA (en) 2016-02-26 2018-09-27 Auckland Uniservices Ltd Amino acid and peptide conjugates and conjugation process
WO2018176099A1 (fr) 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 Ena Therapeutics Pty Ltd Traitement d'une infection respiratoire à l'aide d'un agoniste de tlr2
EP3676250A4 (fr) * 2017-08-30 2021-05-26 Auckland Uniservices Limited Conjugués peptidiques, procédé de conjugaison, et leurs utilisations
US20240358822A1 (en) * 2021-08-31 2024-10-31 Ena Respiratory Pty Ltd Allergy treatment

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WO2010115230A1 (fr) 2010-10-14
EP2416801A1 (fr) 2012-02-15
CA2758204A1 (fr) 2010-10-14
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US20150150966A1 (en) 2015-06-04
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EP2946789A1 (fr) 2015-11-25
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