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US20110044284A1 - Energy-Saving Mechanisms in a Heterogeneous Radio Communication Network - Google Patents

Energy-Saving Mechanisms in a Heterogeneous Radio Communication Network Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110044284A1
US20110044284A1 US12/790,055 US79005510A US2011044284A1 US 20110044284 A1 US20110044284 A1 US 20110044284A1 US 79005510 A US79005510 A US 79005510A US 2011044284 A1 US2011044284 A1 US 2011044284A1
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Prior art keywords
cell
base station
capacity enhancing
basic
enhancing cell
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US12/790,055
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English (en)
Inventor
Elena Voltolina
Tarmo Kuningas
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Individual
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Priority to US12/790,055 priority Critical patent/US20110044284A1/en
Assigned to TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL) reassignment TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KUNINGAS, TARMO, VOLTOLINA, ELENA
Publication of US20110044284A1 publication Critical patent/US20110044284A1/en
Priority to US14/548,104 priority patent/US20150071154A1/en
Priority to US14/547,945 priority patent/US11218960B2/en
Priority to US14/548,033 priority patent/US20150078236A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0203—Power saving arrangements in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks
    • H04W52/0206—Power saving arrangements in the radio access network or backbone network of wireless communication networks in access points, e.g. base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2603—Arrangements for wireless physical layer control
    • H04B7/2606—Arrangements for base station coverage control, e.g. by using relays in tunnels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/26—Cell enhancers or enhancement, e.g. for tunnels, building shadow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/32—Hierarchical cell structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/20—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between access points
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to cellular radio communication networks, and more particularly to energy-saving mechanisms in a heterogeneous network having at least two different types of cells.
  • Energy saving can be achieved through a variety of solutions like optimal network design following Product Lifecycle Assessment, creating energy-efficient site solutions and with the introduction of innovative use of alternative energy sources to run the network.
  • the invention relates to support mechanisms by which radio access networks, where different cell types are adopted, can, in a self-organized manner, add and/or remove cells from operation when needed in order to achieve energy savings, and without disrupting service availability.
  • a method for at least one of adding and removing a cell from operation in a heterogeneous radio communication network having at least two different types of cells including a first type of basic cell for providing basic radio coverage and a second type of cell associated to a basic cell as a capacity enhancing cell.
  • the method comprises selectively switching the capacity enhancing cell on and off; when the capacity enhancing cell is shut down the cell does not exist over the air while cell configuration information is kept and when the capacity enhancing cell is switched on cell defining information is retransmitted and the cell becomes available again over the air interface.
  • the method further comprises communicating an indication of shut-down and a wake-up call message for switch-on of the capacity enhancing cell between a base station serving the capacity enhancing cell and a base station serving the basic cell.
  • a method of operating a base station serving a basic cell providing basic radio coverage The basic cell has a neighbour cell relation to an associated capacity enhancing cell served by another base station.
  • the base station serving the basic cell is receiving an indication that the associated capacity enhancing cell is shut down over the air for energy saving purposes, and keeping corresponding cell configuration information.
  • the base station serving the basic cell is sending a wake-up call message to the base station serving the associated capacity enhancing cell when it is decided that the base station serving the basic cell needs the capacity enhancing cell to return operational.
  • a method of operating a base station serving a capacity enhancing cell has a neighbour cell relation to an associated basic cell, providing basic radio coverage, served by another base station.
  • the base station serving the capacity enhancing cell is shutting down the capacity enhancing cell over the air for energy saving purposes, while keeping cell configuration information, and sending an indication that the capacity enhancing cell is shut down for energy saving purposes to the base station serving the basic cell.
  • a base station having a radio coverage unit configured to serve a basic cell providing basic radio coverage, and a neighbour cell relation unit configured to manage a neighbour cell relation between the basic cell and an associated capacity enhancing cell served by another base station.
  • the base station further comprises a cell configuration information unit configured to receive an indication that the associated capacity enhancing cell is shut down over the air for energy saving purposes, and to keep corresponding cell configuration information.
  • the base station also comprises a wake-up call unit configured to send a wake-up call message to a base station serving the associated capacity enhancing cell when it is decided that the base station serving the basic cell needs the capacity enhancing cell to return operational.
  • a base station having a radio coverage unit configured to serve a capacity enhancing cell, and a neighbour cell relation unit configured to manage a neighbour cell relation between the capacity enhancing cell and an associated basic cell, providing basic radio coverage, served by another base station.
  • the base station further comprises a shut-down unit configured to shut down the capacity enhancing cell over the air for energy saving purposes, and a cell configuration information unit configured to keep corresponding cell configuration information.
  • the shut-down unit is configured to send an indication that the capacity enhancing cell is shut down for energy saving purposes to the base station serving the basic cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an example of a method for adding and/or removing a cell from operation in a heterogeneous radio communication network having at least two different types of cells.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of an example of a method for a base station serving a basic cell providing basic radio coverage.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of an example of method for a base station serving a capacity enhancing cell.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic exemplary signalling and action diagram illustrating an example of actions and signalling between a base station of a capacity enhancing cell and a base station of a basic cell.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of cells of different hierarchy levels.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the eNB configuration update procedure of the X2AP protocol.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of base station serving a basic cell.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of base station serving a capacity enhancing cell.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another example of base station serving a basic cell.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another example of base station serving a capacity enhancing cell.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a wake-up call unit.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flow diagram of another example of a method for a base station serving a basic cell providing basic radio coverage.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flow diagram of another example of method for a base station serving a capacity enhancing cell.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a scenario with base stations serving different types of cells.
  • a basic idea is to add and/or remove cells from operation in a heterogeneous radio communication network when needed in order to achieve energy savings, and without disrupting service availability, for example by considering cell-load-related parameters such as information/statistics about the load conditions of the considered cell and/or load balancing actions.
  • a heterogeneous network there may be a first type of basic cell for providing basic radio coverage and a second type of cell associated to a basic cell as a capacity enhancing cell, i.e. a capacity booster.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an example of a method for at least one of adding and removing a cell from operation in a heterogeneous radio communication network having at least two different types of cells.
  • the different types of cells include a first type of basic cell for providing basic radio coverage and a second type of cell associated to a basic cell as a capacity enhancing cell.
  • Step S 1 includes selectively switching the capacity enhancing cell on and off. When the capacity enhancing cell is shut down the cell does not exist over the air while cell configuration information is kept. When the capacity enhancing cell is switched on cell defining information is retransmitted and the cell becomes available again over the air interface.
  • Step S 2 includes communicating an indication of shut-down and a wake-up call message for switch-on of the capacity enhancing cell between a base station serving the capacity enhancing cell and a base station serving the basic cell. In this way energy savings can be achieved without disrupting service availability.
  • the communication between the base station serving the capacity enhancing cell and the base station serving the basic cell may for example be performed on the Radio Network Layer (RNL) in the X2 Application Protocol (X2AP), although other options also exist.
  • RNL Radio Network Layer
  • X2AP X2 Application Protocol
  • Step S 11 includes receiving an indication that the associated capacity enhancing cell is shut down over the air for energy saving purposes, and keeping corresponding cell configuration information.
  • Step S 12 includes sending a wake-up call message to the base station serving the associated capacity enhancing cell when it is decided that the base station serving the basic cell needs the capacity enhancing cell to return operational. This provides support for energy savings, while service availability can be maintained.
  • the steps S 11 and S 12 of receiving an indication and sending a wake-up call message are performed on the Radio Network Layer (RNL) in the X2AP protocol, as will be discussed later on.
  • RNL Radio Network Layer
  • the base station serving the basic cell may indicate that it needs the capacity enhancing cell(s) to return operational via a wake-up call message in the X2AP protocol.
  • the wake-up call message is preferably in the form of a Cell Activation Request.
  • the shut-down indication may be received in the so-called eNB Configuration Update procedure of the X2AP protocol. Further, the reason for shut-down as an action due to energy-saving purposes may be indicated in the eNB Configuration Update procedure.
  • the base station serving the basic cell When the base station serving the basic cell receives the indication that the capacity enhancing cell is shut down for energy saving purposes, it keeps the cell configuration information related to the capacity enhancing cell. In this way, the base station of the basic cell can still “count on” the sleeping capacity enhancing cell, and send a wake-up call to the base station of the capacity enhancing cell when needed.
  • the RNL-based solution using the X2AP protocol is an efficient intra-RAT (Radio Access Technology) solution, especially for intra-LTE.
  • intra-RAT Radio Access Technology
  • the invention is also effective for inter-RAT scenarios, where the base station serving the basic cell and the base station serving the associated capacity enhancing cell are radio network elements of different radio access technologies (RATs).
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • the base station serving the basic cell preferably makes a wake-up decision for activation of the capacity enhancing cell based on load-related parameters.
  • the wake-up decision for activation of the capacity-enhancing cell may be based on statistics on at least one of load in the basic cell and/or load balancing actions the basic cell triggers towards the capacity enhancing cell.
  • a base station (eNB) is configured for performing the method outlined above in connection with FIG. 2 .
  • Step S 21 includes shutting down the capacity enhancing cell over the air for energy saving purposes, while keeping cell configuration information.
  • Step S 22 includes sending an indication that the capacity enhancing cell is shut down for energy saving purposes to the base station serving the basic cell. This provides energy savings, and the corresponding cell configuration information that is kept in the base station for the “sleeping” capacity enhancing cell supports quick and easy reactivation of the cell when needed.
  • the step S 22 of sending an indication is performed on the Radio Network Layer (RNL) in the X2AP protocol, as will be discussed later on.
  • RNL Radio Network Layer
  • shut-down of the capacity enhancing cell may be indicated in the eNB Configuration Update procedure of the X2AP protocol. Further, the reason for shut-down as an action due to energy-saving purposes may be indicated in the eNB Configuration Update procedure.
  • the step of shutting down the cell is self-triggered, and the base station serving the capacity enhancing cell can for example make a decision to shut down the capacity enhancing cell based on load in the capacity enhancing cell.
  • a base station (eNB) is configured for performing the method outlined above in connection with FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic exemplary signalling and action diagram illustrating an example of actions and signalling between a base station of a capacity enhancing cell and a base station of a basic cell.
  • the base station of the capacity enhancing cell performs a shut down (A) of the capacity enhancing cell, and sends an indication of shut-down (B) for energy saving purposes to the base station of the basic cell.
  • the base station of the basic cell takes a wake-up decision (C) and sends a corresponding wake-up call message (D) to the base station of the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the base station of the capacity enhancing cell performs switch-on (E) of the capacity enhancing cell based on the wake-up call message.
  • the base station of the capacity enhancing cell can send a response (F) to the base station of the basic cell indicating that the switch-on of the capacity enhancing cell was successful, or alternatively that the switch-on failed.
  • the capacity boosting cell can be selectively switched on and off based on consideration of load-related parameters including for example load conditions and/or load balancing information such as collected statistics on load levels and/or load balancing actions.
  • load-related parameters including for example load conditions and/or load balancing information such as collected statistics on load levels and/or load balancing actions.
  • load balancing information such as collected statistics on load levels and/or load balancing actions.
  • General service availability is guaranteed by the basic coverage-providing layer and not impacted by the capacity regulation/energy saving actions.
  • a basic characterization of the ‘types’ of cells involved is that a first type of cell is for providing basic radio coverage, and can not be shut down without creating a coverage hole, i.e. without service disruption, while a second type of cell is associated to the basic cell (via a “neighbour” cell relation) as a capacity enhancing cell, i.e. a capacity booster.
  • the basic cell there is normally a basic cell that should generally not be switched off, and a capacity boosting cell that can be switched on and off based on consideration of the overall load conditions in the cell(s) and/or information on load balancing such as for example load balancing actions/requests/triggers going to the capacity booster.
  • the capacity enhancing cell may be switched off in case of low load while the basic cell continues to provide basic coverage.
  • the basic cell may wake up the associated capacity enhancing cell(s) to enhance the capacity of the network. For example, if a base station (e.g. eNB) controlling a cell providing basic coverage detects a surge in load then the base station (e.g.
  • the eNB may wake up the ‘neighbour’ to enhance the capacity of the network. More advanced control mechanisms may take the wake-up decision based on statistics on load conditions and/or load balancing actions so that the capacity booster will be activated at suitable times (such as peak traffic hours), to start off-loading the basic coverage providing cell. For example, the cell providing basic coverage counts how many users/how much traffic it serves at the point when it starts to trigger load balancing handover requests towards the capacity boosting cell, or it remembers the load level it has in average when it starts to trigger such handover requests. These indicators (load level and/or number of served users/traffic) can represent the threshold when the capacity boosting cell needs to be switched on in dynamic/real-time operation.
  • an important aspect is thus the load-related statistics used together with at least one corresponding dynamic parameter value for triggering a basic cell to request a capacity-boosting cell to wake up.
  • a dynamic load-related parameter value can be compared against a statistically derived load-related threshold value as a basis to make the wake-up decision.
  • the invention has the advantage to be non-service impacting by making use of the knowledge that some cells are there for basic coverage and some are there for increasing capacity and each cell knows what its ‘neighbour’ is there for.
  • the present invention does not focus on using mobility triggers as a criterion to perform shut down and switch on, but rather relies on cell-load-related parameters and information/statistics on load balancing actions and/or monitored load conditions.
  • the cell may be woken up when it is judged ‘statistically’ that it needs to be put in operation and not just because user equipment may need it for handover.
  • the invention is network-controlled and the controlled cell activation/deactivation is generally service-independent in the sense that the decision to shut down or switch on is not dependent on the needs or bandwidth requirements of single users. Rather the invention preferably considers information and/or statistics about the overall load conditions (such as load levels) in the basic coverage cell and/or information/statistics about the load balancing situation.
  • the basic coverage cell may be a ‘macro’ cell
  • the capacity enhancing cell may be a ‘micro’ cell.
  • the macro and the micro cells may (and do) cover at least partially overlapping areas, but they are independent cells (in terms of cell ids, etc.).
  • an exemplary characteristic of the n-cell relation between the micro and the macro is that their areas partially overlap, but the antennas are not co-located.
  • a micro cell would play the hot spot role and be defined as neighbour to a macro under it, so that for example fast passing UEs can be kept in the macro layer, while static ones (in the location of the hot spot) can perform HO to the micro cell (and be taken ‘away’ from the basic layer).
  • the basic cell is a macro cell and the capacity booster is a micro cell (as the coverage area size would make sense for this purpose).
  • the capacity booster is a micro cell (as the coverage area size would make sense for this purpose).
  • any heterogeneous ‘pairing’ with the characteristic above would do for this purpose.
  • the basic cell and the capacity enhancing cell preferably represent different types of cells in a heterogeneous radio communication network.
  • HCS hierarchical cell structure
  • a macro-micro architecture having two or more layers
  • HCS hierarchical cell structure
  • inventive mechanisms for controlled shut-down and/or switch-on of cells into the HCS concept.
  • An exemplary deployment scenario thus involves different cell types (i.e. macro, micro, pico, etc.) in a hierarchical cell structure (HCS).
  • the concept of HCS as such is prior art and it is described for LTE in [2].
  • a basic cell is normally a cell on a lower HCS layer and a capacity enhancing cell is a cell on a higher HCS layer.
  • the eNB-s with neighbour cells in an area may have an X2 association.
  • the cell providing basic coverage e.g. macro cell
  • said neighbour is characterized as capacity enhancing cell, e.g. a micro cell
  • the cell providing basic coverage and the cell enhancing capacity are on a different HCS layer.
  • FIG. 5 The described network deployment is depicted in FIG. 5 where cells A 1 and A 2 provide basic coverage while cell B 1 enhances the capacity in a given area.
  • the cell(s) adopted as capacity booster is monitoring the traffic load and is able to switch off when traffic drops below a certain threshold and stays below the threshold for certain time.
  • the entity that does the evaluation for shut down may be located in the eNB but also in some other node, e.g. Domain Manager or Network Manager.
  • the traffic load statistics is collected in cells providing basic coverage, for example:
  • the collection of statistics enables the understanding of the point when it is most appropriate to start offloading, i.e. the point when to request the capacity booster cell to switch itself on.
  • the collected information/statistics is analyzed to identify a switch-on threshold (in terms of served users/traffic and/or load level, as previously described) in order to take an appropriate decision for controlled activation of the capacity enhancing cell.
  • Switching on generally means that the power amplifier and energy consuming components go on, the cell defining info is retransmitted and the cell becomes available again over the air interface.
  • the cell When a cell is shut down, the cell does not exist over the air (the corresponding eNB is still on, so cell configuration info can be kept).
  • the entity that does the evaluation for switch-on may be located in the eNB but also in some other node, e.g. Domain Manager or Network Manager.
  • this may for example be in terms of how many triggers towards the capacity booster that were performed (a peg counter or something like that) or directly in terms of load (load is defined in X2AP by different entities already for the purpose of the load balancing actions).
  • Examples of triggers could be load balancing related handover requests and/or rejections for UEs in RRC connected mode or cell reselection parameter settings, e.g. priority and signal strength, for RRC idle mode UEs.
  • a threshold is defined (this would preferably be an operator-configurable parameter) as well as a hysteresis period (may also be configurable), so that the operator can tune the behaviour of the ‘basic cell-booster cell’ pair according to other aspects of the network at that location.
  • the capacity enhancing cell can be selectively switched on and off, and when the capacity enhancing cell is shut down, also referred to as sleeping, the cell does not exist over the air although cell configuration information is kept and when the capacity enhancing cell is switched on cell defining information is retransmitted and the cell becomes available again over the air interface.
  • There is also support for communication related to shut-down and switch-on of the capacity enhancing cell including e.g. an indication of shut-down and a wake-up call message for switch-on, between a base station (eNB) serving the basic cell and a base station (eNB) serving the capacity enhancing cell, as will be exemplified below.
  • the communication between the basic coverage providing cell and the sleeping capacity enhancing cell may be realized in a number of different ways, such as for example:
  • the mechanisms described above can be realized without impacting the signaling protocols.
  • shutting down of the capacity boosting cell/cells by the eNB controlling them becomes visible/known to the eNB controlling cells that provide basic coverage/capacity by two means:
  • the eNB that controls cell providing basic coverage/capacity could initiate the establishment of SCTP ⁇ X2 association which the eNB controlling capacity enhancing cells is able to interpret as a request to ‘wake up’.
  • the eNB controlling the capacity enhancing cells Upon reception of the ‘wake up’ indication, the eNB controlling the capacity enhancing cells would set up respective cells and complete the establishment of respective SCTP ⁇ X2 association.
  • the so-called X2AP protocol provides a number of functions such as mobility management, load management, setting up the X2 interface, resetting the X2 interface, the eNB configuration update and so forth.
  • the eNB configuration update procedure is designed for updating application level configuration data needed for two eNBs to interoperate correctly over the X2 interface.
  • an eNB 1 initiates the procedure by sending an eNB configuration update message to a peer eNB 2 including an appropriate set of updated configuration data that it has just taken into operational use.
  • the eNB 2 Upon reception of the eNB configuration update message from eNB 1 , the eNB 2 shall update the information for eNB 1 with respect to data such as Served Cell information.
  • the X2AP eNB Configuration Update procedure is modified to include the possibility to indicate that zero cells are operational (how to code this in the protocol can be solved in many different ways).
  • a new ‘wake up call’ message is introduced in the X2AP protocol, for example ‘Cell Activation Request’, so that the eNB controlling the cells that provide basic coverage/capacity can indicate it needs the capacity enhancing cell(s) to return operational.
  • the eNB Configuration Update procedure is enhanced to include an indication that a certain cell (a capacity enhancing cell) has been shut down or deactivated, and a new procedure/message is introduced in the X2AP protocol to indicate to a neighbouring eNB the need for a certain cell (a capacity enhancing cell) to be activated.
  • the cell configuration information corresponding to a deactivated capacity enhancing cell is still valid, preferably with the addition of an indication that the cell is deactivated or “sleeping”.
  • the indication (also called a Deactivation Indication) that the cell is shut-down is for example included in a new information entity (IE) in the eNB Configuration Update procedure.
  • IE information entity
  • a new Deactivation Indication IE may be contained in the existing Served Cells To Modify IE in the eNB Configuration Update procedure.
  • Such a new IE makes it possible to maintain or keep the cell configuration data while the cell is sleeping.
  • the Served Cells To Delete IE is the standard way of removing a cell and used to delete the cell configuration information/data. This means that in the prior 3GPP standard there is no possibility for making any wake-up call since the cell is gone. Adding a new cell therefore has to be done from scratch by using the standard Served Cells To Add IE.
  • the eNB controlling the cell that provides basic coverage/capacity detects the criteria the capacity boosting cells should be operational, it sends the respective request to Domain/Network Manager, which then relays the indication to the eNB controlling the capacity enhancing cell(s).
  • O&M based realization is not limited to intra-LTE operation but could also be used between radio network elements of different radio access technologies, for example GSM, UMTS or CDMA2000.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of base station serving a basic cell.
  • the base station 100 includes a radio coverage unit 110 , a neighbour cell relation unit 120 , a cell configuration information unit 130 , and a wake-up call unit 140 .
  • the radio coverage unit 110 is configured to serve a basic cell providing basic radio coverage and is connected to the antenna(s).
  • the neighbour cell relation unit 120 is configured to manage neighbour cell relation(s) including a neighbour cell relation between the basic cell and an associated capacity enhancing cell served by another base station.
  • the cell configuration information unit 130 is configured to receive an indication (shut-down indication) that the associated capacity enhancing cell is shut down over the air for energy saving purposes, and to keep corresponding cell configuration information related to the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the wake-up call unit 140 is configured to send a wake-up call message to a base station serving the associated capacity enhancing cell when it is decided that the base station 100 serving the basic cell needs the capacity enhancing cell to return operational.
  • the base station 100 can for example make the wake-up decision for activation of the capacity enhancing cell based on load-related parameters, as previously discussed.
  • the neighbour cell relation unit 120 and the cell configuration information unit 130 are normally closely associated, and they may even be integrated as indicated by the dashed box in FIG. 7 . It should be understood that the cell configuration information unit 130 stores cell configuration information related to a capacity enhancing neighbour cell.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of base station serving a capacity enhancing cell.
  • the base station 200 includes a radio coverage unit 210 , a shut-down unit 220 , a cell configuration information unit 230 , and a neighbour cell relation unit 240 .
  • the radio coverage unit 210 is configured to serve a capacity enhancing cell and is connected to the antenna(s).
  • the shut-down unit 220 is configured to shut down the capacity enhancing cell over the air for energy saving purposes, and the cell configuration information unit 230 is configured to keep corresponding cell configuration information of the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the shut-down unit 220 is also configured to send an indication that the capacity enhancing cell is shut down for energy saving purposes to another base station serving an associated basic cell providing basic radio coverage.
  • the neighbour cell relation unit 240 is configured to manage neighbour cell relation(s) including the neighbour cell relation between the capacity enhancing cell and the associated basic cell.
  • the cell configuration information unit 230 stores cell configuration information related to the capacity enhancing cell served by the base station 200 itself.
  • the neighbour cell relation unit 240 normally handles cell configuration information of neighbour cell(s) such as the basic neighbour cell.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another example of base station serving a basic cell.
  • the base station 100 shown in FIG. 9 also includes a radio coverage unit 110 , a neighbour cell relation unit 120 , a cell configuration information unit 130 , and a wake-up call unit 140 .
  • the neighbour cell relation unit 120 handles the relation(s) to neighbour cell(s) such as the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the neighbour cell relation unit 120 includes the cell configuration information unit 130 , which in turn stores cell configuration information related to at least the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the base station 100 also includes a unit 125 for own cells. In this unit 125 , cell configuration information related to the base station's own served cell(s) including the basic cell can be stored.
  • the base station operates under the X2AP protocol.
  • the cell configuration information exchange between different eNBs is performed under the X2AP protocol.
  • the base station 100 of FIG. 9 is also configured to receive the shut-down indication and to send the wake-up call message on the Radio Network Layer (RNL) in the X2AP protocol.
  • RNL Radio Network Layer
  • the wake-up call unit 140 is configured to indicate that it needs the capacity enhancing cell(s) to return operational via the wake-up call message in the X2AP protocol.
  • the wake-up call message is preferably in the form of a Cell Activation Request.
  • the cell configuration information unit 130 stores the indication that the capacity enhancing cell has been shut down for energy saving purposes, preferably together with the cell configuration information related to the capacity enhancing cell, indicating that the capacity enhancing cell is temporarily deactivated or sleeping.
  • the cell configuration information unit 130 may be configured to receive the shut-down indication in the eNB Configuration Update procedure of the X2AP protocol. Further, the base station may be configured to receive an indication of the reason for shut-down as an action due to energy-saving purposes in the eNB Configuration Update procedure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another example of base station serving a capacity enhancing cell.
  • the base station 200 shown in FIG. 10 also includes a radio coverage unit 210 , a shut-down unit 220 , a cell configuration information unit 230 , and a neighbour cell relation unit 240 .
  • the base station of FIG. 10 also includes a unit 245 for own cells.
  • this unit 245 cell configuration information related to the base station's own served cell(s) including the capacity enhancing cell can be stored.
  • the unit 245 for own cells includes the cell configuration information unit 230 for storing cell configuration information of the own capacity enhancing cell.
  • the neighbour cell relation unit 240 handles the relation(s) to neighbour cell(s) such as the basic cell.
  • the base station 200 of FIG. 10 also includes a switch-on unit 225 for enabling switch-on of own served cell(s) including the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the shut-down unit 220 and the switch-on unit 225 may be implemented in an overall on-off control unit 250 , if desired.
  • the base station operates under the X2AP protocol.
  • the cell configuration information exchange between different eNBs is performed under the X2AP protocol.
  • the shut-down unit 220 is configured to selectively shut down the capacity enhancing cell over the air for energy saving purposes, and the cell configuration information unit 230 is configured to keep corresponding cell configuration information of the capacity enhancing cell also after shut-down;
  • the indication that the capacity enhancing cell has been shut down for energy saving purposes is stored together with the cell configuration information related to the capacity enhancing cell, indicating that the capacity enhancing cell is temporarily deactivated or sleeping.
  • the shut-down unit 220 may be configured to make a decision to shut down the capacity enhancing cell based on load in the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the shut-down unit 220 is configured to send the shut-down indication on the Radio Network Layer (RNL) in the X2AP protocol.
  • RNL Radio Network Layer
  • the shut-down unit 220 may be configured to indicate shut-down of the capacity enhancing cell in the eNB Configuration Update procedure of the X2AP protocol. Further, the shut-down unit 220 may be configured to indicate the reason for shut-down as an action due to energy-saving purposes in the eNB Configuration Update procedure.
  • the switch-on unit 225 is preferably configured to receive the wake-up call message from the base station serving the associated basic cell requesting the capacity enhancing cell to return operational, and to switch the capacity enhancing cell on based on the wake-up call message.
  • the cell configuration information in the cell configuration information unit 230 regarding the capacity enhancing cell is updated to indicate that the cell is no longer sleeping.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a wake-up call unit.
  • the exemplary wake-up call unit 140 shown in FIG. 11 includes a wake-up decision unit 142 and a wake-up call message generator 144 .
  • the wake-up decision unit 142 is preferably configured to make a wake-up decision for activation of the capacity-enhancing cell based on load-related parameters.
  • the load-related parameters may include statistics on load in the basic cell and/or load balancing actions the basic cell triggers towards the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the X2AP protocol is further enhanced by adding a new information entity (IE) and/or cause value to indicate that the base station (eNB) is moving UE(s) to another cell due to the current serving cell being (on the way to be) switched off, so that neighbouring base stations (eNBs) have the chance of not moving UE(s) back immediately.
  • the IE and/or cause value is for example called Switch Off Ongoing, and the reason for the action is an ongoing switch off. In this way, it can be indicated that the concerned cell will be switched off once the cell has been off-loaded and will subsequently not be available for some time. This helps the receiving eNB that takes over UE(s) in taking subsequent actions, e.g. selecting proper target cell(s) for subsequent handovers.
  • the cause value indicates that handover is performed from a cell that is on the way to be switched off.
  • a capacity enhancing cell is switched off for energy saving purposes, especially when the load conditions are suitable for such a switch off.
  • the capacity enhancing cell is first off-loaded by handing over UE(s) to one or more neighbouring cells such as a basic cell.
  • the base station serving the basic cell thus receives an indication that handover of UE(s) is performed from a capacity enhancing cell because the capacity enhancing cell is going to be switched off. Similarly, the base station serving the capacity enhancing cell sends such an indication to the base station serving the basic cell.
  • a new IE and/or cause value is introduced to indicate handover failure because the cell is off.
  • the IE and/or cause value is for example called Cell Deactivated.
  • the base station serving the basic cell thus receives an indication that handover of UE(s) to a capacity enhancing cell has failed because the capacity enhancing cell is off. Similarly, the base station serving the capacity enhancing cell sends such an indication to the base station serving the basic cell.
  • the base station 100 is optionally configured to receive a Switch Off Ongoing and/or Cell Deactivated indication.
  • the base station 200 is optionally configured to send a Switch Off Ongoing and/or Cell Deactivated indication.
  • IC Integrated Circuit
  • base station for providing radio coverage and handling neighbour cell relations
  • base station hardware for receiving and sending control messages.
  • IC Integrated Circuit
  • at least some of the functions may be implemented in software for execution on suitable processing hardware such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor, including the possibility of using the general processing capabilities of the base station.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flow diagram of another example of a method for a base station serving a basic cell providing basic radio coverage.
  • the base station receives an indication that the capacity enhancing cell is shut down for energy saving purposes on the radio network layer in the X2AP protocol, and the base station keeps the corresponding cell configuration information of the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the base station makes a wake-up decision for activation of the capacity enhancing cell based on load-related parameters.
  • the base station sends a wake-up call message to the base station serving the capacity enhancing cell on the radio network layer in the X2AP protocol when it is decided that the base station serving the basic cell needs the capacity enhancing cell to return operational.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flow diagram of another example of method for a base station serving a capacity enhancing cell.
  • the base station makes a decision to shut down the capacity enhancing cell based on load in the capacity enhancing cell.
  • the base station shuts down the capacity enhancing cell over the air for energy saving purposes, while keeping the corresponding cell configuration information.
  • the base station sends an indication that the capacity enhancing cell is shut down for energy saving purposes to the base station serving the basic cell on the radio network layer in the X2AP protocol.
  • the base station may subsequently receive a wake-up call message, requesting the capacity enhancing cell to return operational, on the radio network layer in the X2AP protocol and switch the capacity enhancing cell on based on the wake-up call message.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a scenario with base stations serving different types of cells.
  • two radio base stations 100 - 1 and 100 - 2 serving basic cells Al and A 2 , respectively, are shown.
  • Different types of antenna arrangements including both omni-directional and directional antenna configurations may be used.
  • the basic cells A 1 and A 2 provide basic or wide coverage, and the capacity enhancing cells B 1 , B 2 and B 3 may be used for capacity enhancements in smaller regions.
  • the basic cells A 1 and A 2 are partly overlapping, and the capacity enhancing cell B 3 covers a smaller part of basic cell A 1 as well as a smaller part of basic cell A 2 .
  • the capacity enhancing cell B 1 covers a smaller region within the basic cell A 1 and capacity enhancing cell B 2 covers a smaller region within the basic cell A 2 .
  • an infinite number of different cell configurations are feasible within the scope of the present invention.
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

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US14/547,945 US11218960B2 (en) 2009-08-18 2014-11-19 Energy-saving mechanisms in a heterogeneous radio communication network
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