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US20110030915A1 - Improved latent heat storage device - Google Patents

Improved latent heat storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110030915A1
US20110030915A1 US12/809,105 US80910508A US2011030915A1 US 20110030915 A1 US20110030915 A1 US 20110030915A1 US 80910508 A US80910508 A US 80910508A US 2011030915 A1 US2011030915 A1 US 2011030915A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
pcm
storage device
heat storage
latent heat
vessel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/809,105
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English (en)
Inventor
Frederick George Best
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US20110030915A1 publication Critical patent/US20110030915A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the efficient storage, with rapid absorption and extraction, of thermal energy.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,889,751 shows a polygon shaped structure as this is well understood as being the best way of getting the maximum volume of material into a known space when using tubes.
  • the invention does not take account of the properties of the PCMs being used. Using small bore pipes to pass the heat transfer fluid through and surrounding these tubes with PCM is not the most efficient use of the space, even if the tubes are finned. Alternatively by putting the PCM into the tubes may be an improvement but the ends of the tubes have to be sealed and allow for thermal expansion etc.
  • the invention provides a latent heat storage device in accordance with claim 1 of the appended claims.
  • the latent heat storage device contains at least one phase change material (PCM) contained within containment means and comprises a containment vessel forming a supporting structural exoskeleton to provide support for the containment means.
  • the containment means comprises very thin elastomeric material and is of a wall thickness that is much thinner than has previously been contemplated in the art. The thinness of the walls enables very efficient heat transfer to and from the PCM.
  • the thin elastomeric material can be formed into any shape of thin section and providing a very large surface area to volume ratio, for example having many sided or circular chambers, and provided the distance through any section of PCM is small enough to effect rapid melting and freezing of the PCM.
  • the containment means comprises thin elastomeric material formed as a continuous tube, filled with PCM and sealed at both ends, then folded along its length to occupy the maximum amount of space that is available within the containment vessel.
  • This arrangement allows the amount of sealing required to be minimised and provides a very efficient means of maximising the amount of space used within the vessel by the containment means.
  • An alternative advantageous form comprises an array of tubes joined by small web sections.
  • This type of array can be formed by moulding or extrusion or can even be made using 3D printing technology techniques.
  • the tubes can be sealed at each end and enables a maximum amount of space to be occupied within the vessel by the tubes.
  • the elastomeric material is selected to have as thin a wall thickness as possible to structurally retain the PCM and at the same time to provide the minimum effect on the transfer of heat to and from the PCM. This enables the device of the invention to have a very rapid response time and to absorb and provide energy very quickly. Additionally it is effective even for very small temperature differences.
  • the device may have a multiplicity of different PCM, with different properties, within the one vessel.
  • the device may also have a multiplicity of different compartments within the one vessel, either with PCMs that are the same or that are different.
  • the compartments may be formed using insulated or non-insulated panels.
  • the flow of heat exchange fluid is controlled through the vessel and it may be directed to the different compartments in turn. The flow of fluid can be directed to different parts of the device to accommodate different requirements at different times.
  • the device may have a multiplicity of vessels within the one device.
  • the latent heat storage device vessel has a sealed lid. If the device is sealed, then gas or fluid can be injected into the sealed vessel to effect a different atmosphere or environment such as a reduced oxygen atmosphere for the benefit of any heat transfer fluid or other material's needs for a reduction in oxidation.
  • gas or fluid can be injected into the sealed vessel to effect a different atmosphere or environment such as a reduced oxygen atmosphere for the benefit of any heat transfer fluid or other material's needs for a reduction in oxidation.
  • the inert gas may be nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
  • the device has a means whereby heat exchange fluid is supplied to the vessel and removed from the vessel, so as to be a closed circuit such that whatever fluid is supplied is also removed at the same time to avoid overfilling or emptying of the vessel.
  • the elastomeric contained PCM is allowed to expand and contract according to its nature.
  • the expansion and contraction can take place initially out of and back into the vessel, preferably the top of the vessel.
  • the containment means may subsequently expand into the heat exchange channels within which the heat exchange fluid flows.
  • This arrangement has the particular advantage in that it can be used to provide an automatic limiting of the flow of fluid as the expansion acts to progressively restrict the flow of heat exchange fluid between the elastomeric tubes. This provides a particularly useful safety mechanism to prevent overheating of the PCM, elastomeric and/or other materials used.
  • the vessel is arranged to provide the exoskeleton structural integrity for the elastomeric PCM, once the PCM has melted. If the device has internal compartments or dividers, these can also be used to provide the structural integrity for the elastomeric PCM, once the PCM has melted. This enables a far thinner wall thickness of the containment means to be used than has previously been achievable.
  • the vessel may be surrounded by insulation.
  • This may be any suitable insulating material including vacuum insulation.
  • the device may be surrounded by a secondary insulated tank filled with water or any other suitable fluid, such that any thermal energy that escapes from the inner vessel or vessels will be absorbed and there will be minimal loss to the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the thermal conductivity of certain PCMs may be improved by adding very small quantities of very fine powders of suitable conductive material to the PCM. If the particle sizes are small enough then they will remain suspended within the main body of the PCM. They will also have a tendency to get continually redistributed by any convection currents induced by the melting of the PCM.
  • the invention further provides a latent heat storage device comprising a containment vessel, at least one phase change material (PCM) and at least one PCM containment means wherein at least one very fine nano-particle conductive powder is added to the PCM to improve the transfer of thermal energy.
  • PCM phase change material
  • the addition of very fine nano-particle conductive powders can significantly improve the performance of poorly conducting PCMs. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to, carbon and aluminium.
  • the concentrations can vary depending upon the materials used but typically can be anything from 0.5% to 2%; larger concentrations may well reduce the amount of PCM volume and influence the overall performance. It is now possible to make up new composite materials utilising the properties of the different components to maximise the thermal capacity and heat transfer rates. Although it is possible to improve the situation the current technical specifications are exacting as there is a tendency for these materials to settle or separate out with time and the present invention enables these problems to be overcome.
  • the vessel may be surrounded by secondary layers of different PCM filled elastomeric material.
  • the PCM of the secondary layer may have a lower phase change temperature than the PCM of the vessel.
  • the latent heat storage device of the invention is used with a solar heating device or other device, it can be arranged so that the heat exchange fluid feed-back temperature is lower than it would otherwise be; so as to maximise the efficiency of the solar heating or other device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-section of a latent heat storage device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a more detailed view of a corner of the device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a containment means in the form of a continuous round tube folded into six rods.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention in form of a “tank within a tank”.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the invention, wherein separators can be used to direct the flow of heat exchange fluid through different compartments of PCM.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative shaped containment means, with detail shown in FIG. 6 a.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further alternative shaped containment means, with detail shown in FIG. 7 a.
  • FIG. 8 shows a possible packing arrangement of containment means of the type shown in FIG. 3 .
  • a rapid absorption and extraction latent heat storage device comprises a means 1 for storing a phase change material 2 arranged within a containment vessel 3 (for which insulation is not shown in this example).
  • the containment means 1 is in the form of rods or tubes, which are made out of elastomeric material 4 containing the PCM 2 .
  • a heat exchange fluid 6 flows along the length of the rods 1 .
  • the PCM 2 may advantageously have a fine nano-particle conductive powder such as carbon or aluminium added to improve its conductivity.
  • the containment vessel 3 is shown as hexagonal but could be any shape that maximises the storage capacity for round rod-like multiple components 1 but the rods can be any shape provided they offer a thin enough section, for conduction, to enable heat transfer through the whole section in an acceptable time frame.
  • the outer skin of the rods is made from an elastic material 4 which utilises the close proximity of all the adjacent rods to support them when the PCM 2 is in the liquid phase.
  • the rods 1 have a small diameter and are long.
  • the tubes have an external diameter of 10.5 mm and an internal diameter of 10.0 mm, and as such have a wall thickness of only 0.25 mm.
  • WO 95/16175 describes tubes of HDPE having an outer diameter of 38 mm and an internal diameter of 32 mm and thus having a wall thickness of 3.0 mm. This thick a wall will limit the heat transfer that is possible between the heat exchange fluid and the PCM within the tube. Entry/exit pipes 13 a allow the heat exchange fluid to be fed into and removed from the vessel 3 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the detail of a corner of a containment vessel 3 .
  • the heat exchange fluid 6 passes through the spaces in between the rods 1 .
  • the tubular elastomeric material 4 used for the containment of the PCM 2 must be thin enough to not take up too much volume and also to conduct thermal energy efficiently. Initial prototypes have shown that many kilo watts of thermal energy could be stored and released in only a few minutes.
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred example of a containment means of the invention.
  • the containment means comprises a continuous tube 7 , of preferably circular cross-section, folded into six rods 1 . Where the folds take place at the top and bottom of the rods, while the PCM 2 is molten, this area can be shaped to provide the round rod like shape.
  • the containment means 1 was made from one length of tubing nominally 4500 mm long. In this example there are only two seals 8 needed for each batch of six rods.
  • the containment means 1 can be any desired length but handling and the strength of the tubing will create a practical limit.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention in form of a “tank within a tank”, where two different types of PCM 2 a , 2 b are housed within the same tank and separated by separators 9 , which in this example are an internal block and an external block where the separators 9 are suitable internal insulation; typically capable of withstanding higher temperatures. Similarly external insulation 10 is also shown. Insulation can be made from any suitable materials including Vacuum Super Insulation.
  • FIG. 5 shows a different arrangement, where separators 11 are arranged within the containment vessel 3 .
  • the separators 11 can be used to direct the flow of heat exchange fluid 6 through the different compartments of the vessel 3 which can utilise different types of PCM 2 having different melting temperatures should this be required.
  • the separators could be made out of any suitable insulation materials.
  • the tubes 2 in this arrangement can advantageously be formed as an extruded array of tubes connected by thin webs between each adjacent tube.
  • Each section in the containment vessel 3 has an array 50 fitted within the section.
  • the arrays 50 can be formed by moulding or extrusion or other suitable means.
  • a single compartment vessel as shown in FIG. 1 may have a single array 50 or a combination of two or more arrays to fill the vessel.
  • each section of the vessel shown in FIG. 5 may have one or more arrays to fill the sections of the vessel.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 Alternative shaped rods of wide flat configuration of a sheet of tubes connected by very thin webs or circular tubes in the form of concentric rings linked by thin web sections, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can also be used.
  • the critical configuration is that the section of PCM 2 between the heat exchange fluid exposed surfaces must be no thicker than that to ensure rapid melting and solidifying. Because of the thin sections of material very large surface areas for heat transfer are possible and it was found to be ideal for the eutectic and salt hydrate materials used in the prototypes constructed. It is still effective with plain waxes but the sections have to be thinner unless fine nano-particle conductive materials are added.
  • the channels for the flow of heat exchange fluid 6 will need small separators 12 to ensure the channels remain open until over temperature situations arise.
  • the periphery of the whole block or assembly of materials will need the external surface to be shaped so as to allow heat exchange fluid to flow between the containment vessel 3 and the outer skin 4 of the elastomeric contained PCM 2 .
  • Provision for the overall movement heat exchange fluid 6 can be made by the provision of pipes or channels 13 , an example is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a rod having a rectangular cross-section.
  • the section depicted is effectively where the round rods depicted in FIG. 1 are joined together.
  • FIG. 7 gives another example of different shaped rods.
  • the vessel 3 is round and the elastomeric rods 14 are similarly shaped and are arranged as concentrical rings linked by small web sections 12 with heat-exchange fluid 6 flowing between the layers.
  • this is in the form of a “corrugated” type outer surface 15 , which can be seen in more detail in FIG. 7 a .
  • the flow path could alternatively be accommodated by varying the shape of the vessel but the essential feature is that the rods are still supported and contained by the vessel as it acts as an exoskeleton for the main structure.
  • FIG. 8 shows a packing arrangement of a plurality of tubes 7 of the type shown in FIG. 3 , each folded into six rods 1 and close packed within a hexagonal containment vessel 3 .
  • a single entry/exit pipe 13 b allows the heat exchange fluid 6 to flow in and out of the vessel 3 , as required.
  • the elastomeric material 4 containing the PCMs 2
  • the elastic film surrounding the PCMs can be sprayed on to the PCM material or the PCM material can be dipped into a solution. It is also possible to construct the elastomeric material using the 3D printing technologies so that the complete structure can be made as one unit, or as an assembly of smaller units.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
US12/809,105 2007-12-19 2008-12-19 Improved latent heat storage device Abandoned US20110030915A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0724776.0 2007-12-19
GB0724776A GB2455748A (en) 2007-12-19 2007-12-19 Elastomeric containment of PCM in latent heat storage device
PCT/GB2008/004199 WO2009077765A1 (fr) 2007-12-19 2008-12-19 Dispositif amélioré de stockage de chaleur latente

Publications (1)

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US20110030915A1 true US20110030915A1 (en) 2011-02-10

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US12/809,105 Abandoned US20110030915A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2008-12-19 Improved latent heat storage device

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US (1) US20110030915A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2235466A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101932898B (fr)
GB (2) GB2455748A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009077765A1 (fr)

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US20130153169A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2013-06-20 Virgil Dewitt Perryman Thermal energy storage and delivery system
NL1039455C2 (nl) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-10 Hendrik Glastra Met warmte accumulerend materiaal gevulde houder.
US20130264023A1 (en) * 2012-04-09 2013-10-10 Sgl Carbon Se Latent heat storage device with phase change material and graphite matrix
WO2015018907A1 (fr) * 2013-08-08 2015-02-12 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angew. Forschung E.V. Dispositif et procédé de production de produits alimentaires obtenus par fermentation
US20150060008A1 (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-05 The Regents Of The University Of California High-density, high-temperature thermal energy storage and retrieval
US20160209126A1 (en) * 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Composite flow-through heat sink system and method
US20160209128A1 (en) * 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Composite passive heat sink system and method
WO2017029457A1 (fr) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-23 Hutchinson Ensemble modulaire pour stockeur ou batterie
WO2017029463A1 (fr) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-23 Hutchinson Unite de stockage d'une energie thermique
WO2017029464A1 (fr) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-23 Hutchinson Bloc et unite de stockage d'une energie thermique
FR3040212A1 (fr) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-24 Hutchinson Ensemble isolant thermique et structure isolee par cet ensemble
FR3040209A1 (fr) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-24 Hutchinson Dispositif modulaire stockeur echangeur a barriere peripherique d'etancheite
US9732988B1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2017-08-15 Thermal Storage Systems Thermal storage device including a plurality of discrete canisters
US20180031332A1 (en) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-01 Raytheon Company Thermal storage heat exchanger structures employing phase change materials
US20180263296A1 (en) * 2012-06-28 2018-09-20 Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc. Reservoir and heater system for controllable delivery of multiple aerosolizable materials in an electronic smoking article
JP2019215124A (ja) * 2018-06-12 2019-12-19 株式会社デンソー 蓄熱器
US10935322B2 (en) 2018-09-11 2021-03-02 Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation Shell and tube heat exchanger with perforated fins interconnecting the tubes
US10953728B2 (en) 2018-10-16 2021-03-23 Fca Us Llc Phase change material heat exchanger for three fluids
US20220186947A1 (en) * 2020-12-15 2022-06-16 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Inc. Phase change material and applications
CN115289889A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-11-04 江苏科技大学 不规则雪花式翅片相变蓄热装置
SE2250380A1 (en) * 2022-03-28 2023-09-29 Azelio Ab A method for providing a transport safe device for thermal energy storage, and a device provided by means of such a method

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EP2893280A4 (fr) * 2012-09-10 2016-07-06 Saint Gobain Ceramics Milieux structurés et procédés destinés à l'accumulation d'énergie thermique
DE102013002555A1 (de) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-18 Va-Q-Tec Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vorkonditionierung von Latentwärmespeicherelementen
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NO340371B1 (no) * 2014-12-19 2017-04-10 Energynest As Høytemperatur termisk energilager, fremgangsmåte for bygging og fremgangsmåte for drift av dette lageret
FR3040211A1 (fr) 2015-08-20 2017-02-24 Hutchinson Ensemble et panneau articule, pour une isolation thermique
WO2017029460A1 (fr) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-23 Hutchinson Ensemble et panneau articule, a portions intermediaires de positionnement, pour une isolation thermique
CN105115338B (zh) * 2015-08-31 2017-08-25 东南大学 一种相变蓄热装置
US10471803B2 (en) * 2016-01-27 2019-11-12 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for thermal battery control
CN107941064A (zh) * 2017-11-22 2018-04-20 上海理工大学 一种多相变材料分腔套管式相变蓄热器
CN114928982B (zh) * 2022-04-21 2025-03-07 广东工业大学 一种微重力环境下磁场调控相变体系耦合微通道冷却系统
CN120063025B (zh) * 2025-04-28 2025-09-02 赛迈科先进材料股份有限公司 一种三弧交叉罐式复合石墨相变蓄热结构

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GB201012030D0 (en) 2010-09-01
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WO2009077765A1 (fr) 2009-06-25
GB0724776D0 (en) 2008-01-30

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