US20090297396A1

US20090297396A1 - Fabrication method of alloy parts by metal injection molding and the alloy parts

Info

Publication number: US20090297396A1
Application number: US12/306,778
Authority: US
Inventors: Sunghak Lee; Nackjoon Kim; Taeshik Yoon; Changkyu Kim; Changyoung Son; Daejin Ha
Original assignee: POSTECH Academy Industry Foundation; Pohang University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: POSTECH Academy Industry Foundation; Pohang University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2006-06-28
Filing date: 2007-01-30
Publication date: 2009-12-03
Also published as: JP2009542905A; EP2043801A1; EP2043801A4; KR100768700B1; CN101479063B; CN101479063A; WO2008002001A1; EP2564956A1

Abstract

Provided is a method of manufacturing a part and the part capable of manufacturing a high value-added precision part having a low sintering temperature, a good hardness, and a good productivity at a low cost. The method includes steps of: mixing a material of from 40 to 75 wt % selected from the group consisting of Fe and a combination of Fe and Co, a material of 20 wt % or more selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Cr, Nb, V, and Ni, a material of from 2 to 14 wt % selected from the group consisting of B, C, Cu, and Si, alloy powder having a composition including unavoidable impurities, and a binder; performing an injection molding on the mixture to form the injection moldings to have a shape of the part; removing the binder from the injection moldings; and sintering the injection moldings from which the binder is removed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a metal injection molding and a part manufactured by the metal injection molding, and more particularly, to a method of manufacturing a part by using Fe—Cr-based alloy powder in a metal injection molding and the part, that is, the metal injection molding and the part capable of reducing a limitation on a size of the part, increasing a productivity, and providing the part having excellent properties at a low cost as compared with a conventional manufacturing method.

BACKGROUND ART

As a method of manufacturing precision parts having complex shapes used for cars, computers, electronic components, industrial components, medical instruments, and abrasion-resistant components, there are cutting, die casting, precision casting, and powder metallurgy, and so on. However, these methods have problems in that a manufacturing cost is high, productivity decreases, desired properties cannot be obtained due to a limitation on usable constituent materials of an alloy, and complex 3D shapes cannot be obtained, and so on.
In order to solve the problems of formability, processability, and productivity, a metal injection molding, that is, a method including a process of mixing power with a binder, a process of injection molding the mixture, a process of removing the binder from the injection moldings, and a process of sintering and forming the debinded injection moldings, thereby manufacturing a product having a net shape that hardly needs finishing processing, is known.
Parts manufactured by the metal injection molding are mainly used for high value-added precision parts such as a cellular phone hinge requiring abrasion resistance, durability, and mechanical chemical properties including corrosion resistance, high strength, high hardness, and high quality. These parts are manufactured by using iron, nickel, or stainless-based powder.
However, the iron, nickel, or stainless-based powder has problems in that the sintering process that is the last forming process is performed at a very high sintering temperature of about 1350° C. and costs of electric power consumed for the sintering process and the sintering equipment are very high. In addition, when a conventional powder material is used, adequate properties may not be obtained according to applications.
Accordingly, in order to decrease the sintering temperature and increase a forming precision, a micro-powder injection molding (PIM) of significantly decreasing a size of the powder is attempted. In this method, by decreasing the size of the powder, the sintering temperature may decreases by about 100° C. as compared with a conventional method. However, a powder price markedly increases as compared with the conventional method, so that there is a problem in that reducing the manufacturing cost cannot be expected.
Powder injection molding uses various materials such as metal, ceramic, and cemented carbide, and the iron-based material such as stainless that occupies more than 40% of the total materials. Particularly, STS316L has been widely applied. However, as the powder injection molded parts have gradually changed from parts based on a shape to parts as a structural material requiring mechanical properties used for airplanes, cars, medical instruments, STS630(17-4PH) having a high strength has been increasingly used. The STS630 is martensite-based precipitation-hardened alloy and is one of high strength alloys having a high corrosion resistance. However, since the stainless has a high sintering temperature, there is a problem in that cost of production significantly increases.

DISCLOSURE

Technical Problem

In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing parts which have a low sintering temperature, have an excellent hardness, and can be produced at a low cost to be applied to high value-added precision parts.

Technical Solution

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an alloy part including steps of: mixing a material of from 40 to 75 wt % selected from the group consisting of Fe and a combination of Fe and Co, a material of 20 wt % or more selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Cr, Nb, V, and Ni, a material of from 2 to 14 wt % selected from the group consisting of B, C, Cu, and Si, alloy powder having a composition including unavoidable impurities, and a binder; performing an injection molding on the mixture to form the injection moldings to have a shape of the part; removing the binder from the injection moldings; and sintering the injection moldings from which the binder is removed, and the alloy part manufactured by the method.
In the above aspect of the present invention, the alloy powder used for a low-hardness alloy part may have a composition of 20 to 35 wt % Cr, 1 to 2.5 wt % Si, 0.5 wt % or less C, 0.1 to 3 wt % Cu, 2 to 5 wt % B, 0.1 to 8 wt % Mo, 14 to 22 wt % Ni, and 4 to 15 wt % Co.
In addition, the alloy powder used for a high-hardness alloy part may have a composition of 40 to 50 wt % Cr, 1 to 2.5 wt % Si, 0.5 wt % or less C, and 5.6 to 6.2 wt % B.
In addition, the step of sintering may be performed in a vacuum in a reducing gas or an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of from 1100° C. to less than a melting point of the alloy or at a temperature of 1150° C. or more or a temperature of 1200° C. or more according to a manufacturing cost and required properties. The sintering atmosphere is an atmosphere in which oxide existing at surfaces of the alloy powder is removed during the sintering process. Preferably, the sintering atmosphere is a high-purity hydrogen atmosphere.
In addition, the sintering process is performed at a sintering temperature of from 1100° C. to about 1250° C. that is a melting point of the alloy powder. Accordingly, the sintering temperature can be decreased by 100 to 250° C. as compared with a sintering temperature of 1350° C. of stainless-based powder, so that costs of electric power and energy consumed for the sintering process can be significantly reduced.
In addition, an average particle size of the ally powder may range from 0.01 to 100 μm. Powder having an average particle size of less than 0.01 μm may cause an significant increase in a manufacturing cost of the powder and in a price of a product. Powder having an average particle size of more than 100 μm cannot obtain an enough precision and desired properties. Therefore, the powder having the aforementioned particle size may be used.
In addition, the step of removing the binder may be performed by heating the injection moldings at a temperature of from 300 to 700° C. in a reducing gas atmosphere and maintaining the temperature for 0.5 to 5 hours.
In addition, a porosity of the part manufactured by the manufacturing method may be a volume fraction of 7% or less, and more preferably, 5% or less. When the porosity exceeds 7%, hardness and properties are decreased, so that the part having the porosity of more than 7% cannot be applied.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS

As described above, the metal parts manufactured by the metal injection molding according to the present invention have advantages in that a limitation on sizes of the parts is reduced due to characteristics of the manufacturing method, and a continuous production is possible. In addition, the metal parts have the same or more hardness as compared with metal injection moldings using conventional stainless-based alloy powder but have a lower sintering temperature. Accordingly, high quality and high value-added parts with a competitive price can be manufactured, so that the parts can be used in all fields including cars, computers, electronic components, industrial components, medical instruments, abrasion-resistant components, and so on.
In addition, according to the metal injection molding according to the present invention, pores are minimized, and near net shape products with a high density can be manufactured.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flowchart schematically showing a manufacturing process according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a picture taken by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showing a degree of denseness of a metal part manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a picture taken by a SEM showing a degree of denseness of a metal part manufactured according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. The exemplary embodiments should be considered in descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

MODE FOR INVENTION

Chemical compositions of alloy powder used in the current embodiments are as follows.

TABLE 1

Chemical compositions of the alloy powder

element	Cr	Si	C	Cu	S	B	Ni	Mo	Co	Fe

C	30-32	1.0-1.8	—	2.2-2.8	—	3.5-4.5	17-19	3.5-4.5	8.8-11	Bal.
M	43-46	1.7-2.2	0.17	—	0.2	5.6-6.2	—	—	—	Bal.

As shown in Table 1 above, a metal injection molding according to the present invention uses powder having an alloy composition represented as “C” mainly including Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, or the like and an alloy composition represented as “M” mainly including Fe, Cr, B, or the like. As described above, the Cr of from 20 to 50 wt % or more is mixed with the Fe, so that a sintering temperature can be significantly decreased. In addition, as shown in an experimental result below, parts having the same or better mechanical properties as compared with conventional stainless powder injection molded parts can be manufactured.
FIG. 1 shows a manufacturing process of the metal injection molding according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the metal injection molding includes a mixing process of powder and a binder, an injection molding process of the mixture, a debinding process of removing the binder from the injection moldings by a thermal decomposition, and a process of sintering the debinded moldings, thereby manufacturing near net shape parts.
In the mixing process, a shape of the alloy powder may be close to a spherical shape, and an average particle size of the powder may be 100 μm or less for a high sintering density and a high numerical precision. In the current embodiment of the present invention, particles of 40 μl or less are used.
In addition, the most important work in the mixing process is to select a suitable binder. The suitable binder is selected so that mixing and injection molding processes are easy and materials having desired properties should be obtained when the used binder is removed after the injection molding process. The binder is a material composed of two to five selected from a bonding (bodying) agent, a lubricant, a plasticizer, and a surfactant.
As long as formability is guaranteed during the injection molding, it is preferable that the total amount of the binder is smaller so as to prevent deformation during the debinding and the sintering processes, and a volume fraction of the binder may range from 30% to 50%.
The binder used in the embodiment of the present invention is a mixture of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) of 20 wt % and paraffin wax of 80 wt %. The mixing process of the alloy powder and the binder includes weighing the alloy powder and the binder in a predetermined ratio and mixing the alloy powder with the binder in a sigma blade mixer at a temperature ranging from 130 to 160° C. for two hours.
The injection molding process of the mixture includes feeding the alloy mixture into a metal injection molding machine of about 27 ton and injecting the alloy mixture into a metal mold having a predetermined shape at a pressure of 450 bar and a temperature of 120° C.
The debinding process of removing the binder from the injection moldings includes feeding the moldings into a tube furnace, increasing the temperature up to 300° C. in a high-purity hydrogen atmosphere at a speed of 2° C./min and maintaining the temperature for an hour, increasing the temperature up to 500° C. at a speed of 3° C./min and maintaining the temperature for an hour, and increasing the temperature up to 700° C. at a speed of 3° C./min and maintaining the temperature for an hour, thereby completely removing the binder.
A liquid phase transition temperature of each alloy powder having a composition shown in Table. 1 above is measured by a differential thermal analysis (DTA). The sintering process is performed in a condition described in Table 2 below at a temperature ranging from 1150° C. to less than the liquid phase transition temperature.

TABLE 2

Sintering condition

		sintering temperature and
experimental condition	specimen	maintaining time

1	C1	1100° C./30 mim
2	C2, M2	1150° C./30 mim
3	C3, M3	1200° C./30 mim
4	M4	1250° C./30 mim

Specimens C1, C2, and C3 shown in Table 2 have the same composition but have different sintering temperatures, and so do specimens M1, M2, and M3. The sintering process is performed by increasing the temperatures up to target temperatures of 1100° C., 1150° C., 1200° C., and 1250° C. shown in Table 2 at a speed of 5° C./min and maintaining the temperatures in the high-purity hydrogen atmosphere for 30 minutes. As described above, the sintering process is performed in a reducing gas atmosphere, so that oxide layers formed at surfaces of the alloy powder are removed, and particle bonding proceeds by diffusion.
FIGS. 2 and 3 are pictures taken by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showing microstructures of metal parts manufactured at the above sintering temperatures. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, as the sintering temperature increases, the volume fraction of pores formed at a grain boundary significantly decreases, and sizes of the pores tend downward. In addition, a result of measuring a porosity and a relative density, that is, a degree of denseness, is shown in following Table 3.

TABLE 3

A result of measuring a porosity and a relative density of parts

specimen	porosity (%)	relative density (%)

C1	4.3	95.68
C2	3.5	96.47
C3	0.01	99.99
M2	0.61	99.39
M3	0.21	99.79
M4	0.05	99.95

As shown in Table 3, the C1 sintered at the temperature of 1100° C. has a relative density of 95.68% that is a relatively high degree. As the sintering temperatures increases, most specimens have high relative densities of more than 99%.
By measuring a hardness of the parts according to the current embodiment, a result shown in Table 4 is obtained.

TABLE 4

A result of measuring a hardness of parts

	hardness
specimen	(VHN)	note

C1	94	embodiment
C2	115	embodiment
C3	319	embodiment
M2	353	embodiment
M3	747	embodiment
M4	1059	embodiment
STS316L	97	comparative example
STS630	275	comparative example
STS440C	543	comparative example

As shown in Table 4, the C1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is sintered at a very low sintering temperature but has a similar hardness as compared with STS316L, the C2 has a better hardness, and the C3 and the M2 have about three times the hardness of the STS316L and have the same or more hardness as compared with STS630. Namely, the parts having high physical properties at a low cost as compared with the stainless powder injection moldings can be manufactured, so that the parts can replace the STS316L and the STS630.
In addition, it can be seen that the M3 and the M4 according to the present invention have lower sintering temperatures as those of the stainless powder injection moldings but have the excellent hardnesses of 747 and 1059, respectively, as compared with the stainless powder injection moldings.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Present invention is applicable to the field of powder injection molding.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing an alloy part, comprising steps of:

mixing a material of from 40 to 75 wt % selected from the group consisting of Fe and a combination of Fe and Co, a material of 20 wt % or more selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Cr, Nb, V, and Ni, a material of from 2 to 14 wt % selected from the group consisting of B, C, Cu, and Si, alloy powder having a composition including unavoidable impurities, and a binder;

performing an injection molding on the mixture to form the injection moldings to have a shape of the part;

removing the binder from the injection moldings; and

sintering the injection moldings from which the binder is removed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy powder has a composition of 20 to 35 wt % Cr, 1 to 2.5 wt % Si, 0.5 wt % or less C, 0.1 to 3 wt % Cu, 2 to 5 wt % B, 0.1 to 8 wt % Mo, 14 to 22 wt % Ni, and 4 to 16 wt % Co.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy powder has a composition of 40 to 50 wt % Cr, 1 to 2.5 wt % Si, 0.5 wt % or less C, and 5.6 to 6.2 wt % B.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of sintering is performed in a vacuum in a reducing gas or an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of from 1100° C. to less than a melting point of the alloy.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the sintering temperature ranges from 1150° C. to less than the melting point of the alloy.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein an average size of the alloy powder ranges from 0.01 to 100 μm.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of removing the binder is performed by heating the injection moldings at a temperature of from 300 to 700° C. in a reducing gas, an inert gas, or a mixture of the reducing gas and the inert gas atmosphere and maintaining the temperature for 0.5 to 5 hours.

8. An alloy part manufactured by performing steps of:

mixing a material of from 40 to 75 wt % selected from the group consisting of Fe and a combination of Fe and Co, a material of 20 wt % or more selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Cr. Nb, V, and Ni, a material of from 2 to 14 wt % selected from the group consisting of B, C, Cu, and Si, alloy powder having a composition including unavoidable impurities, and a binder;

removing the binder from the injection moldings; and

sintering the injection moldings from which the binder is removed.

9. The alloy part of claim 8, wherein the alloy powder has a composition of 20 to 35 wt % Cr, 1 to 2.5 wt % Si, 0.5 wt % or less C, 0.1 to 3 wt % Cu, 2 to 5 wt % B, 0.1 to 8 wt % Mo, 14 to 22 wt % Ni, and 4 to 15 wt % Co.

10. The alloy part of claim 8, wherein the alloy powder has a composition of 40 to 50 wt % Cr, 1 to 2.5 wt % Si, 0.5 wt % or less C, and 5.6 to 6.2 wt % B.

11. The alloy part of claim 8, wherein a porosity of the part is a volume fraction of 7% or less.

12. The method of claim 2, wherein an average size of the alloy powder ranges from 0.01 to 100 μm.

13. The method of claim 3, wherein an average size of the alloy powder ranges from 0.01 to 100 μm.