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US20090252555A1 - Protective wall, dyke and method of producing a dyke - Google Patents

Protective wall, dyke and method of producing a dyke Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090252555A1
US20090252555A1 US12/089,722 US8972206A US2009252555A1 US 20090252555 A1 US20090252555 A1 US 20090252555A1 US 8972206 A US8972206 A US 8972206A US 2009252555 A1 US2009252555 A1 US 2009252555A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
dyke
protective wall
slope
wall
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/089,722
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger Hartenburg
Berthold Lahl
Lothar Kromer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TerraElast AG
Original Assignee
TerraElast AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP05024774A external-priority patent/EP1707682A1/fr
Application filed by TerraElast AG filed Critical TerraElast AG
Assigned to TERRAELAST AG reassignment TERRAELAST AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KROMER, LOTHAR, LAHL, BERTHOLD, HARTENBURG, ROGER
Publication of US20090252555A1 publication Critical patent/US20090252555A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective wall according to the preamble of patent claim 1 . It also relates to a dyke according to the preambles of patent claims 12 and 15 and to a method of producing a dyke according to the preamble of patent claim 24 .
  • the trapezoidal cross section of a dyke is typical of its type of construction.
  • the dyke body usually consists of compacted earth or construction materials with a firm, effectively rooted grass cover or of a mixture of various earth and construction materials.
  • the slopes should be 1:3 or flatter, which also brings about advantages during maintenance and with regard to requisite measures against wild animals.
  • the slopes at river courses are as a rule between 1:2 and 1:3, whereas the slopes at coasts may also be designed to be flatter, at least on the sea side.
  • the crown height of the dykes is based essentially on the selection of the design flood as an event with a certain probability of occurrence (recurrence within a certain period of time) relative to a certain water level. It is calculated from the high-water level and the “freeboard” (additional height for raising of the water level by the wind, wave run-up on the slope, possibly the effect of an ice jam, and an increased factor of safety). In the case of new construction, there is also an additional factor for the settling of the subsoil and the dyke body.
  • a permeable earth supporting body having a water-side wedge of less permeable earth material, said body, if required for lengthening the flow path, being integrated with a sealing wall (curtain wall, thin diaphragm wall, sheet pile wall) in the subsoil under the dyke or in a deeper-lying dense stratum.
  • a sealing wall curtain wall, thin diaphragm wall, sheet pile wall
  • Such a dyke has been disclosed, for example, by WO 00/34587.
  • a waterproof barrier which extends in the dyke longitudinal direction and vertically up to below the dyke crown.
  • the barrier is positioned approximately centrally between the two slopes.
  • the barrier is of multi-piece construction and has a waterproof membrane in the center made of a synthetic material. The membrane is fixed laterally in a foundation in a membrane section folded like a bellows.
  • a dyke revetment for protecting the slope from penetrating water is provided.
  • Serving for this purpose is a multi-layered, waterproof membrane which is anchored in the slope.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a protective wall of the generic type which effectively prevents or markedly reduces the erosion of a coast or a bank.
  • the protective wall is to be capable of being produced at a low cost of construction.
  • the object of the invention is also to specify dykes of the generic type which have improved protection against erosion and can be produced at a low cost of construction.
  • a method of producing a dyke is to be specified.
  • the object with respect to the protective wall is achieved by the features of claim 1 .
  • the protective wall has a planar, plate-shaped or cubic design which has a section made of a waterproof construction material.
  • the construction material of the protective wall is a compound of compacted, mineral aggregates and an organic adhesive.
  • Mineral aggregates such as, for example, sand and gravel are construction materials available in abundance in nature and can be procured on site in large quantities in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • the construction material can easily be produced and processed in a viscous consistency.
  • the protective wall can be extended in a variety of ways, often in a curved manner, by appropriate shaping.
  • the good flowability is of great importance for the processing.
  • the construction material in most combinations, has higher flowability (consistency class) than freshly mixed concrete.
  • an adhesive that can be cured under the effect of water.
  • suitable adhesives are a two-component epoxy resin adhesive, a single-component polyurethane adhesive or a two-component polyurethane adhesive.
  • the grain size of the aggregates is preferably between 0.1 and 0.3 mm. Good water tightness is still provided for within this range without the screening of the construction materials having to become too restricted.
  • the permeability coefficient k f of the construction material is at most 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 m/s.
  • the protective wall is then suitable, when arranged in the slope region of a dyke, as water bottom and bank protection and helps to act against erosion in the coastal and bank region, in which waves or the wave run-up is/are decelerated and absorbed.
  • favorable grain sizes of the aggregates are preferably between 2 and 150 mm.
  • the density of the protective wall is also favorable, which density is higher than that of water and if need be can be increased and varied by the addition of steel.
  • the protective wall is therefore effectively prevented from being washed away especially in the region of the breakers.
  • a further advantage lies in the environmental compatibility of the construction material.
  • the construction material has no toxic effect at all on mold fungi and is difficult to break down microbially. Nonetheless, substances that can be eluted from the protective wall can be readily broken down, as material tests have shown. As washing tests prove, there is no chemical interaction between water and the constituents of the construction material.
  • the protective wall can therefore even be used in dams and enclosures for drinking water reservoirs.
  • the ground covering according to the invention can be disposed of in a washing plant for earth or gravel without adverse environmental effects.
  • reuse as granulated material is also possible.
  • the wall thickness d w of the protective wall is smaller than the extent in height h w and length l w .
  • mat-shaped protective walls can be produced on site with adhesively bonded gravel and can then be sunk in the water on a floating pontoon in order to be used as water bottom protection against erosion (harbors, sheet pile walls, etc.).
  • Protective walls in a length of 40 m max, a width of up to 25 m and a thickness of up to 50 cm can be processed in a prefabricated manner on the construction site.
  • the dyke has a dyke body having an essentially trapezoidal cross section.
  • a dimensionally stable protective wall is provided between the inner slope and outer slope and extends in the dyke longitudinal and vertical directions, the protective wall being designed according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above.
  • the protective wall acts as a seal.
  • the seal reduces the seepage water quantities and contributes to the stability of the dyke.
  • Surface seals on the water side as are explained later with respect to the alternative achievement of the object of the invention according to the features of claim 15 , and core seals (inner seals) are possible.
  • the protective wall preferably runs in the dyke body vertically from the dyke crown through the dyke cross section and is integrated in the ideal case in a dense soil stratum underpinning the dyke. The protective wall avoids underflow of the dyke, which underflow would result in material movements and further erosion, which make the dyke increasingly unstable.
  • a barrage sealed in such a way can be designed with steeper slope angles, as a result of which the dyke cross section can be reduced, which is of additional advantage in restricted spatial conditions.
  • Asymmetrical positioning of the protective wall with an offset relative to one of the two slopes is possible as a further variant, the positioning on the water side further reducing erosion in the slope on the water side.
  • Protective walls can also be installed subsequently in already existing dyke structures and constitute a simple and efficient method of strengthening and repairing dykes.
  • the dyke has a made-up dyke body comprising a slope on the water side and land side, a dimensionally stable protective wall being situated in front of the water-side slope.
  • the protective wall is designed according to one of the exemplary embodiments explained above.
  • Favorable angles of inclination ⁇ of the protective wall relative to the water surface lie between 15 and 90 degrees, it being possible for the angle of inclination ⁇ to differ from the slope angle ⁇ if, for example, the protective wall is separately embodied such as to be removed from the slope.
  • said protective wall can be fastened by an additional base in the region of the dyke toe, the slope and/or in the foundation.
  • the dyke according to the invention has the advantage that effective slope protection is provided for when positioning close to the bank or to the coast and in the case of dykes with a lower-lying narrow foreshore.
  • a closed, dense and strongly rooted grass cover offers as a rule, for dykes, sufficient and efficient slope protection against flow and wave attack.
  • flotsam e.g. including tree trunks, possibly drifting ice floes and ice jam in winter. This also applies in the case of frequently recurring high water levels continuing for a long time.
  • Enhanced sealing against underflow and seepage can be effected by virtue of the fact that the protective wall extends from the dyke body right into the foundation.
  • the invention permits the construction of steep slopes (steeper than 1:3), since it protects the dyke body against damage when embodied as planar protection.
  • a heavy and water-permeable protective wall as (open) revetment is required for reasons of stability.
  • a dyke having a protective wall which extends into the dyke body is constructed by the following method steps:
  • the gravel is in each case applied in layers up to a height of 300 mm and is then adhesively bonded with an organic adhesive.
  • FIG. 1 shows a dyke, designed according to the prior art, without a protective wall
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of a dyke having a protective wall extending into the dyke body
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section of a dyke having a protective wall put onto the slope
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a dyke having a protective wall put on a base.
  • FIG. 1 shows the typically trapezoidal cross section of a dyke.
  • the dyke body 1 is constructed above the foundation 2 .
  • the “dyke bed” In the region of the foundation 2 , over the entire width of the dyke, the “dyke bed”, the dyke body 1 runs out into tongue-shaped banquettes 3 on the water and land side.
  • the dyke body 1 terminates at the top with the dyke crown 4 . It is usually inclined or arched for draining toward the water. If not negotiable, it is protected against erosion (earth removal) by sods. If the dyke crown 4 is used for inspection with lightweight vehicles or for bicycle traffic, a paving is required.
  • Armstrongttes 3 placed on the land side increase the stability and carry as a rule the dyke defense path which serves for the maintenance of the dyke and, in the event of extreme flooding, for the defense of the dyke. With regard to route directing, dimensions and paving, the dyke defense paths must therefore permit speedy, risk-free flow of traffic in an extreme situation and must be able to absorb the loading by heavy vehicles and equipment.
  • FIG. 2 Shown in FIG. 2 on the basis of the fundamental type of construction of a dyke is a first embodiment of the invention, in which the trapezoidal dyke body 1 has a vertical protective wall 5 for sealing it against erosion.
  • the essentially flat, plate-shaped protective wall 5 extends in the longitudinal direction of the dyke and in its height from the foundation 2 right up to the dyke crown 4 . Roughly one fifth of the height of the protective wall 5 extends into the foundation 2 . With its crown-side end, the protective wall 5 terminates flush with the dyke crown 4 and could serve as part of a dyke path (not shown in any more detail).
  • the protective wall 5 also extends beyond the dyke crown 4 .
  • the protective wall 5 is composed of a plurality of wall elements adjoining one another.
  • the wall thickness d w of the protective wall 5 is markedly smaller than the extent in height h w and length l w .
  • the construction material of the protective wall 5 is a compound of sand and an organic adhesive. Mineral aggregates such as, for example, sand.
  • the grain size is between 0.1 and 0.3 mm; therefore the protective wall is virtually watertight and thus prevents soaking or flushing of the dyke body.
  • FIG. 3 A second embodiment of a dyke can be seen in FIG. 3 .
  • the protective wall 5 is inclined at an angle of inclination ⁇ to the plane of the foundation 2 and is put onto the water-side slope 6 .
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ is equal to the slope angle ⁇ .
  • the height h w of the protective wall 5 projects just above the design high-water level.
  • the protective wall extends right under the low-water level in order to avoid erosion even at low water and make possible reliable anchoring.
  • FIG. 4 An embodiment having improved stability of the slope-side protective wall 5 in comparison with the second embodiment is shown with the third exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4 .
  • a base 7 anchored in the water-side slope 6 serves for fixing the protective wall 5 against drifting or sagging in the event of underscouring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
US12/089,722 2005-10-10 2006-04-05 Protective wall, dyke and method of producing a dyke Abandoned US20090252555A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005048421 2005-10-10
DE102005048421.2 2005-10-10
EPEP05024774 2005-11-13
EP05024774A EP1707682A1 (fr) 2005-03-20 2005-11-13 Mur de protection, digue et procédé de fabrication d'une digue.
PCT/DE2006/000611 WO2007041975A1 (fr) 2005-10-10 2006-04-05 Mur protecteur, digue et procede de construction d'une digue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090252555A1 true US20090252555A1 (en) 2009-10-08

Family

ID=39595932

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/089,722 Abandoned US20090252555A1 (en) 2005-10-10 2006-04-05 Protective wall, dyke and method of producing a dyke

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20090252555A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1937898A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2625435A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007041975A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2611805C1 (ru) * 2015-11-24 2017-03-01 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) Грунтовая плотина, возводимая на слабых основаниях в районах с повышенной сейсмичностью
US10501908B1 (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-12-10 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US10753061B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-08-25 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US11519152B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2022-12-06 Levee Lock, LLC System and method for installing a membrane-lined buried wall

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3299520A3 (fr) 2016-09-27 2018-07-18 Kroeze Holding B.V. Stabilisation de digues
CN111321711B (zh) * 2020-03-06 2021-09-03 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种不对称拱坝的系统性泄洪消能布置方法和结构
CN114960544B (zh) * 2022-05-16 2023-06-27 安徽省交通航务工程有限公司 一种新吹填陆域水系沟通渠道u型滑移筑堤施工方法

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US1441308A (en) * 1922-01-10 1923-01-09 Charles O Tappan Method of constructing the impervious element of earth dams
US1507868A (en) * 1924-01-07 1924-09-09 Robert C Stubbs Process of maintaining the moisture content constant in subgrades of paving and the like
US1602623A (en) * 1924-09-22 1926-10-12 Fred A Noetzli Dam and method of constructing the same
US1802714A (en) * 1928-06-29 1931-04-28 Skelton D Henry Means for protecting dams
US1997132A (en) * 1930-11-14 1935-04-09 Collorio Felix Packing core for earth dams
US2750748A (en) * 1950-12-18 1956-06-19 Kretzschmar Alfred Retaining dam provided with a waterproof lining
US2949743A (en) * 1957-11-13 1960-08-23 Wolff Jean Dam and method of making the same
US3188814A (en) * 1962-05-09 1965-06-15 Dow Chemical Co Embankment dam with interior membrane
US3768266A (en) * 1972-05-01 1973-10-30 Stabilization Chem Shoreline construction for artificial water bodies
US4090363A (en) * 1974-12-17 1978-05-23 Heilmann & Littmann, Bau-Aktiengesellschaft Dam of earth or rock fill having impervious core
US4266885A (en) * 1977-07-13 1981-05-12 Ohbayashi-Gumi Ltd. Method of constructing a continuous cut-off wall and a core of a fill-type dam
US5454668A (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-10-03 Baroid Technology, Inc. Flood barrier and a method for forming a flood barrier
US5882144A (en) * 1995-04-19 1999-03-16 Hydroplus Device and method for triggering the destruction of a selected part of a hydraulic structure, such as a levee, a dike or a backfilled dam, and hydraulic structure comprising such a device
US6372135B1 (en) * 1993-04-02 2002-04-16 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Filter for holding and raising ground water
US6379543B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2002-04-30 Ecologic Holdings Pty Limited Water treatment system
US6612779B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2003-09-02 Capri Tech Italia S.R.L. Embankment dam and waterproofing method
US20060089432A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Kaneka Corporation Curable composition

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DE19748660C2 (de) * 1997-11-04 2003-11-06 Flowtex Technologie Gmbh & Co Stabilisierter Deich und Verfahren zur nachträglichen Stabilisierung eines Deichs
GB2372050A (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-08-14 Ronald Bostock Building construction for forming retaining walls, flood barriers etc.
DE10240171A1 (de) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Jens Shi Deichschutzmauer und -gittersteine
DE10245303A1 (de) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-15 Martin Hentschel Verfahren zur Deichkörperverstärkung durch Platten-Stecksystem und Gießverfahren
DE10305664A1 (de) * 2003-02-12 2005-04-07 Riedel, Juri, 41462 Neuss Anlagen, die das Unterspülen der Dämme bei Hochwasser verhindern

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1441308A (en) * 1922-01-10 1923-01-09 Charles O Tappan Method of constructing the impervious element of earth dams
US1507868A (en) * 1924-01-07 1924-09-09 Robert C Stubbs Process of maintaining the moisture content constant in subgrades of paving and the like
US1602623A (en) * 1924-09-22 1926-10-12 Fred A Noetzli Dam and method of constructing the same
US1802714A (en) * 1928-06-29 1931-04-28 Skelton D Henry Means for protecting dams
US1997132A (en) * 1930-11-14 1935-04-09 Collorio Felix Packing core for earth dams
US2750748A (en) * 1950-12-18 1956-06-19 Kretzschmar Alfred Retaining dam provided with a waterproof lining
US2949743A (en) * 1957-11-13 1960-08-23 Wolff Jean Dam and method of making the same
US3188814A (en) * 1962-05-09 1965-06-15 Dow Chemical Co Embankment dam with interior membrane
US3768266A (en) * 1972-05-01 1973-10-30 Stabilization Chem Shoreline construction for artificial water bodies
US4090363A (en) * 1974-12-17 1978-05-23 Heilmann & Littmann, Bau-Aktiengesellschaft Dam of earth or rock fill having impervious core
US4266885A (en) * 1977-07-13 1981-05-12 Ohbayashi-Gumi Ltd. Method of constructing a continuous cut-off wall and a core of a fill-type dam
US6372135B1 (en) * 1993-04-02 2002-04-16 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Filter for holding and raising ground water
US5454668A (en) * 1994-05-25 1995-10-03 Baroid Technology, Inc. Flood barrier and a method for forming a flood barrier
US5882144A (en) * 1995-04-19 1999-03-16 Hydroplus Device and method for triggering the destruction of a selected part of a hydraulic structure, such as a levee, a dike or a backfilled dam, and hydraulic structure comprising such a device
US6612779B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2003-09-02 Capri Tech Italia S.R.L. Embankment dam and waterproofing method
US6379543B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2002-04-30 Ecologic Holdings Pty Limited Water treatment system
US20060089432A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Kaneka Corporation Curable composition

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2611805C1 (ru) * 2015-11-24 2017-03-01 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) Грунтовая плотина, возводимая на слабых основаниях в районах с повышенной сейсмичностью
US10501908B1 (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-12-10 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US10655296B1 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-05-19 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US10753061B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-08-25 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US11001983B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2021-05-11 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US11230818B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2022-01-25 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US11519152B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2022-12-06 Levee Lock, LLC System and method for installing a membrane-lined buried wall
US11560686B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2023-01-24 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1937898A1 (fr) 2008-07-02
CA2625435A1 (fr) 2007-04-19
WO2007041975A1 (fr) 2007-04-19

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AS Assignment

Owner name: TERRAELAST AG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HARTENBURG, ROGER;LAHL, BERTHOLD;KROMER, LOTHAR;REEL/FRAME:021195/0824;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080502 TO 20080519

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION