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US20090196785A1 - Transformable Lightweight Structural Steel - Google Patents

Transformable Lightweight Structural Steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090196785A1
US20090196785A1 US12/158,490 US15849006A US2009196785A1 US 20090196785 A1 US20090196785 A1 US 20090196785A1 US 15849006 A US15849006 A US 15849006A US 2009196785 A1 US2009196785 A1 US 2009196785A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
content
structural steel
lightweight structural
transformable
value pairs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/158,490
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Spitzer
Hellfried Eichholz
Bianca Springub
Rune Schmidt-Jürgensen
Markus Schäperkötter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
Original Assignee
Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=37814445&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20090196785(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH filed Critical Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
Assigned to SALZGITTER FLACHSTAHL GMBH reassignment SALZGITTER FLACHSTAHL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EICHHOLZ, HELLFRIED, SCHAEPERKOETTER, MARKUS, SCHMIDT-JUERGENSEN, RUNE, SPITZER, KARL-HEINZ, SPRINGUB, BIANCA
Publication of US20090196785A1 publication Critical patent/US20090196785A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformable lightweight structural steel with TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) and TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) characteristics according to the preamble of claim 1 .
  • Transformable lightweight structural steels are known (DE 10 2004 061 284 A1, DE 197 27 759 A1, DE 101 285 44 A1).
  • the presence of residual stress in the material may lead in these and comparable steels in dependence on the structure and strength to a lagging embrittlement which is triggered by hydrogen and ultimately to cracking.
  • the problem stated in the formulation of the object is solved by a new alloying concept.
  • This is characterized by associating a higher C content to a lower Mn content and a lower C content to a higher Mn content, with the C—Mn value pairs lying approximately in a C—Mn coordinate system on a straight connection line which is distant to the connection line of C—Mn value pairs that are in balance between ⁇ (austenite fcc) and ⁇ ′ phases (martensite bcc).
  • the conversion from the ⁇ martensite phase to the ⁇ ′martensite phase causes the hydrogen to escape as a result of the lower solubility and leads either atomically or recombinant to a material weakening, possibly to cracking.
  • the addition of Al and Si is substantially the same.
  • the carbon content is a crucial element in the proposed alloying concept as it stabilizes the austenite phase and displaces hydrogen from the free lattice sites.
  • the first alloy example After annealing at 850° C., the first alloy example has a yield point R p0.2 of 480 MPa and a strength of 850 MPa with an elongation A of 58%.
  • These values for the second alloy example also after annealing at 850° C. are R p0.2 of 450 MPa, R m of 790 MPa and A of 53%.
  • a second characteristic quantity is the product of strength ⁇ elongation, which is a measure for the performance of the material. This value is at 49,300 for the alloy example 1 and at 41,870 (% ⁇ MPa) for example 2.
  • the sole FIGURE shows the C content as a function of the Mn content as plotted in a coordinate system.
  • the continuous straight connection line shows the C—Mn value pairs in balance with respect to the ⁇ austenite and the ⁇ ′ martensite phases, with consideration of addition of Al and/or Si.
  • the dashed connection line which is distant to the balance line characterizes value pairs of the optimum alloying concept with respect to material properties in the absence of a lagging crack formation (delayed fracture).
  • the hatching shown across the dashed line is intended to indicate the qualitative scatter band within which optimum properties can still be expected.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)

Abstract

A transformable lightweight structural steel, which exhibits a resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, has TRIP and TWIP properties and contains the following elements (in wt.-%): C 0.05 to <=1.0; Al 0.0 to <=11.0; Si 0.0 to <=6.0; Al+Si>0.05; Mn 9.0 to =25.0; H<20 ppm, the remainder being iron including incidental steel companion elements, whereby different phases are present depending on the alloy composition. The lightweight structural steel is characterized by associating a higher C content with a lower Mn content and associating a low C content with a higher Mn content, with the C—Mn value pairs being positioned in a C—Mn coordinate system approximately on a straight connecting line that is distant from the connecting line of the C—Mn value pairs being in balance between the austenite and martensite phases.

Description

  • The invention relates to a transformable lightweight structural steel with TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) and TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) characteristics according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Transformable lightweight structural steels are known (DE 10 2004 061 284 A1, DE 197 27 759 A1, DE 101 285 44 A1). The presence of residual stress in the material may lead in these and comparable steels in dependence on the structure and strength to a lagging embrittlement which is triggered by hydrogen and ultimately to cracking.
  • To overcome this problem, it has been proposed to limit the hydrogen content to <20 ppm, preferably to <5 ppm (DE 10 2004 061 284 A1).
  • This proposal, though helpful, is inadequate because even when setting low hydrogen contents the effect of hydrogen embrittlement can still occur. Moreover, the set maximum value for hydrogen may still be exceeded during steel production for various reasons, a fact that can be tolerated during alloying but increases the risk of encountering hydrogen embrittlement.
  • It is an object of the invention to provide a lightweight structural steel of a type involved here to have very good mechanical properties (ductility, strength) in the absence of a lagging hydrogen embrittlement.
  • Based on the preamble, this object is solved in combination with the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous improvements are the subject matter of subclaims.
  • According to the teaching of the invention, the problem stated in the formulation of the object is solved by a new alloying concept. This is characterized by associating a higher C content to a lower Mn content and a lower C content to a higher Mn content, with the C—Mn value pairs lying approximately in a C—Mn coordinate system on a straight connection line which is distant to the connection line of C—Mn value pairs that are in balance between γ (austenite fcc) and α′ phases (martensite bcc).
  • This novel alloying concept is cognizant of the fact that the γ austenite(fcc) and the ε martensite(hcp) phase have a high hydrogen solubility while the α′ martensite(bcc) phase has a significantly smaller hydrogen solubility. In the presence of the TRIP effect, the α′martensite phase is formed depending on the alloying composition, partly via the metastable ε martensite phase. In regions where the material is transformed, e.g. through pressure stress, the more densely packed ε martensite phase may be present even after transformation according to the principle of least restraint and convert to the α′martensite phase when relieved.
  • The conversion from the ε martensite phase to the α′martensite phase causes the hydrogen to escape as a result of the lower solubility and leads either atomically or recombinant to a material weakening, possibly to cracking.
  • Based on an alloy with C and Mn, the addition of Al and/or Si results in a destabilization of the ε martensite phase. This reduces the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and increases the leeway for the steel worker to classify the poured melt as still tolerable even when the maximum value of hydrogen is exceeded. Less devaluation increases the yield and thus the cost-effectiveness of the process.
  • Preferably, the addition of Al and Si is substantially the same.
  • Regardless of the effect of the addition of Al and/or Si, the carbon content is a crucial element in the proposed alloying concept as it stabilizes the austenite phase and displaces hydrogen from the free lattice sites.
  • The scatter band about the connection line of optimum C—Mn value pairs for the content of C should amount to =±0.15%, preferably ±0.1%, for the content of Mn=±2.5%, preferably ±1.5%.
  • For example, alloys with
    • 0.7% C, 15% Mn, 2.5% Al, 2.5% Si
  • as well as
    • 0.4% C, 18% Mn, 2.5% Al, 2.5% Si
  • exhibit, as described hereinafter, no lagging crack formation (“delayed fracture”) besides superior mechanical properties.
  • After annealing at 850° C., the first alloy example has a yield point Rp0.2 of 480 MPa and a strength of 850 MPa with an elongation A of 58%. These values for the second alloy example also after annealing at 850° C. are Rp0.2 of 450 MPa, Rm of 790 MPa and A of 53%. A second characteristic quantity is the product of strength×elongation, which is a measure for the performance of the material. This value is at 49,300 for the alloy example 1 and at 41,870 (%×MPa) for example 2.
  • The sole FIGURE shows the C content as a function of the Mn content as plotted in a coordinate system. The continuous straight connection line shows the C—Mn value pairs in balance with respect to the γ austenite and the α′ martensite phases, with consideration of addition of Al and/or Si.
    •
  • The dashed connection line which is distant to the balance line characterizes value pairs of the optimum alloying concept with respect to material properties in the absence of a lagging crack formation (delayed fracture). The hatching shown across the dashed line is intended to indicate the qualitative scatter band within which optimum properties can still be expected.

Claims (5)

1.-4. (canceled)
5. A transformable lightweight structural steel with TRIP and TWIP characteristics, comprising the elements, in weight-%,
C 0.05 to ≦1.0
Al 0.0 to ≦11.0
Si 0.0 to ≦6.0
Al+Si>0.05
Mn 9.0 to ≦25.0
H<20 ppm, remainder iron including incidental steel elements, wherein different phases may be present in dependence on the alloy composition, wherein a higher C content is associated to a lower Mn content and a lower C content is associated to a higher Mn content, with C—Mn value pairs 0.7C/15Mn and 0.4C/18Mn lying approximately in a C—Mn coordinate system on a straight connection line which is distant to a connection line of C—Mn value pairs in balance between γ (austenite) and α′phases (martensite).
6. The lightweight structural steel of claim 5, wherein the content of Al and Si is substantially the same.
7. The lightweight structural steel of claim 5, wherein the C content has a tolerance range of ±0.15% and the Mn content has a tolerance range of ±2.5% in relation to the straight connection line.
8. The lightweight structural steel of claim 5, wherein the C content has a tolerance range of ±0.1% and the Mn content has a tolerance range of ±1.5% in relation to the straight connection line.
US12/158,490 2005-12-20 2006-11-22 Transformable Lightweight Structural Steel Abandoned US20090196785A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005062221A DE102005062221B3 (en) 2005-12-20 2005-12-20 Deformable light alloy steel with TRIP) and TWIP properties useful in production of products having decreased crack liability twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) good ductility and tensile strength without increase in hydrogen embrittlement
DE102005062221.6 2005-12-20
PCT/DE2006/002081 WO2007076748A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2006-11-22 Deformable lightweight structural steel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090196785A1 true US20090196785A1 (en) 2009-08-06

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ID=37814445

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US12/158,490 Abandoned US20090196785A1 (en) 2005-12-20 2006-11-22 Transformable Lightweight Structural Steel

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20090196785A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1969151B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20080081969A (en)
CN (1) CN101405420A (en)
AU (1) AU2006332301B2 (en)
DE (2) DE202005021771U1 (en)
RU (1) RU2430184C2 (en)
UA (1) UA88994C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007076748A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200805306B (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012171530A1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S An unbonded flexible pipe
US8852356B2 (en) 2009-03-11 2014-10-07 Salzgitter Glachstahl GmbH Method for producing a hot rolled strip and hot rolled strip produced from ferritic steel
US9393615B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2016-07-19 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Process and device for producing a cast strip with material properties which are adjustable over the strip cross section
US9593392B2 (en) 2010-03-16 2017-03-14 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Method for producing workpieces from lightweight steel having material properties that are adjustable across the wall thickness
US9630243B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2017-04-25 Sms Group Gmbh Continuously operating strip casting and rolling system
US9677146B2 (en) 2008-11-12 2017-06-13 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Manganese steel strip having an increased phosphorous content and process for producing the same
US10214790B2 (en) 2013-05-06 2019-02-26 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Method for producing components from lightweight steel
US10253399B2 (en) * 2010-11-26 2019-04-09 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Method for producing an energy-storing container made of lightweight steel

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP2208803A1 (en) * 2009-01-06 2010-07-21 ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG High-tensile, cold formable steel, steel flat product, method for producing a steel flat product and use of a steel flat product
DE112013001144A5 (en) * 2012-02-25 2014-10-30 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Process for producing high-strength molded parts made of high-carbon and high-manganese austenitic cast steel with TRIP / TWIP properties
CN103667883B (en) * 2013-12-26 2017-01-11 北京科技大学 Low-density and high-toughness automobile-used steel board and preparation process
CN103667885B (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-11-25 深圳市晶莱新材料科技有限公司 A kind of medical field that is used for is containing Pt nano twin crystal steel and preparation method thereof
RU2615738C1 (en) * 2016-02-08 2017-04-10 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" (НИУ "БелГУ") HIGH-STRENGTH STEELS OF Fe-Mn-Al-C SYSTEM WITH TWIP AND TRIP EFFECTS
CN107475618B (en) * 2017-07-11 2019-02-26 西南交通大学 A kind of high-strength and toughness low-carbon aluminum-containing medium-manganese deformation-induced plasticity steel and preparation method thereof
CN108707817B (en) * 2018-05-02 2020-10-09 北京科技大学 Excavator bucket tooth and excavator with same
CN113549840A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-10-26 鞍钢股份有限公司 A kind of Fe-Mn-Al-C light-weight steel with high strength and plastic product of 780MPa grade and preparation method thereof
CN115216703B (en) * 2022-06-24 2023-02-28 燕山大学 Ultrahigh-strength low-density steel and preparation method thereof
CN116356233A (en) * 2023-04-11 2023-06-30 重庆大学 A method of improving the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of zirconium alloys by using deformation twins

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JPH0483852A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-03-17 High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd High manganese steel material for low temperature use
JPH05255813A (en) * 1991-12-24 1993-10-05 Nippon Steel Corp High strength alloy with excellent workability and vibration damping performance
WO1993013233A1 (en) * 1991-12-30 1993-07-08 Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Austenitic high manganese steel having superior formability, strength and weldability, and manufacturing process therefor
DE19727759C2 (en) * 1997-07-01 2000-05-18 Max Planck Inst Eisenforschung Use of a lightweight steel
DE10128544C2 (en) 2001-06-13 2003-06-05 Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag High-strength, cold-workable sheet steel, process for its production and use of such a sheet
RU2206631C2 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-06-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "ТРАНСКОМ" Clad steel rolled shapes for reinforcement of concrete and method of its manufacture
US20070125454A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2007-06-07 Konrad Eipper High-strength duplex/triplex steel for lightweight construction and use thereof
DE102004061284A1 (en) 2003-12-23 2005-07-28 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Production of a deformable hot strips made from light gauge steel used in the automobile industry comprises casting the melt in a horizontal strip casting unit close to the final measurements, and further processing
DE102005052774A1 (en) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-29 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Method of producing hot strips of lightweight steel

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9677146B2 (en) 2008-11-12 2017-06-13 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Manganese steel strip having an increased phosphorous content and process for producing the same
US8852356B2 (en) 2009-03-11 2014-10-07 Salzgitter Glachstahl GmbH Method for producing a hot rolled strip and hot rolled strip produced from ferritic steel
US9593392B2 (en) 2010-03-16 2017-03-14 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Method for producing workpieces from lightweight steel having material properties that are adjustable across the wall thickness
US10253399B2 (en) * 2010-11-26 2019-04-09 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Method for producing an energy-storing container made of lightweight steel
US9393615B2 (en) 2011-02-02 2016-07-19 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Process and device for producing a cast strip with material properties which are adjustable over the strip cross section
WO2012171530A1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S An unbonded flexible pipe
EP2721334A4 (en) * 2011-06-17 2015-04-22 Nat Oilwell Varco Denmark Is FLEXIBLE PIPE, NOT FASTENED
US10001228B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2018-06-19 National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S Unbonded flexible pipe
US9630243B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2017-04-25 Sms Group Gmbh Continuously operating strip casting and rolling system
US10214790B2 (en) 2013-05-06 2019-02-26 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Method for producing components from lightweight steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1969151B1 (en) 2014-02-26
ZA200805306B (en) 2009-04-29
AU2006332301B2 (en) 2011-07-28
KR20080081969A (en) 2008-09-10
WO2007076748A1 (en) 2007-07-12
AU2006332301A1 (en) 2007-07-12
RU2430184C2 (en) 2011-09-27
DE102005062221B3 (en) 2007-05-03
RU2008129694A (en) 2010-01-27
UA88994C2 (en) 2009-12-10
DE202005021771U1 (en) 2010-02-18
CN101405420A (en) 2009-04-08
EP1969151A1 (en) 2008-09-17

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SALZGITTER FLACHSTAHL GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SPITZER, KARL-HEINZ;EICHHOLZ, HELLFRIED;SPRINGUB, BIANCA;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021749/0169

Effective date: 20080623

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION