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US20090145933A1 - Induction powered ladle bottom nozzle - Google Patents

Induction powered ladle bottom nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090145933A1
US20090145933A1 US11/990,623 US99062306A US2009145933A1 US 20090145933 A1 US20090145933 A1 US 20090145933A1 US 99062306 A US99062306 A US 99062306A US 2009145933 A1 US2009145933 A1 US 2009145933A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
ladle
metal
outlet
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/990,623
Inventor
Earl K Stanley
John R. Mott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ADVANCED METALS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LLC
Original Assignee
ADVANCED METALS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ADVANCED METALS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LLC filed Critical ADVANCED METALS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY LLC
Priority to US11/990,623 priority Critical patent/US20090145933A1/en
Publication of US20090145933A1 publication Critical patent/US20090145933A1/en
Assigned to ADVANCED METALS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY, LLC reassignment ADVANCED METALS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MOTT, JOHN R., STANLEY, EARL K.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/12Opening or sealing the tap holes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14Closures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509Tapping equipment
    • F27D3/1518Tapholes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4653Tapholes; Opening or plugging thereof

Definitions

  • This application relates to an inductively powered nozzle for controlling the flow of metal from a ladle or other vessel containing molten metal.
  • a ladle or other container for molten metal is provided with an outlet nozzle that is easily controlled and less expensive.
  • a stream of molten metal e.g., silicon flows through a tubular refractory nozzle by heating the nozzle to the melting temperature of the metal.
  • the nozzle is, for example, tubular and made of Al 2 0 3 or SiO 2 and is surrounded by a graphite tube in thermal contact with the nozzle. The nozzle is heated by heating the surrounding graphite tube inductively. Once the temperature of the nozzle exceeds the liquidus temperature of the metal in the ladle, the metal will flow out of the ladle through the nozzle.
  • the nozzle may be made entirely of graphite, if the impurities that contact with the graphite may impart to the metal are not of concern.
  • the rate of flow through the nozzle may be controlled in part also by applying a vacuum to the ladle proper, as is known in the industry. If the vacuum is sufficient, the flow can be controlled very accurately, from a few drops per minute to full flow through the nozzle. It can also be stopped completely, if there is such a need, and re-started later in the process. Thus, accurate control of flow through the nozzle may also be obtained by combining the nozzle of the invention with known techniques.
  • the figure is a vertical cross section of a ladle having a nozzle in accordance with the invention.
  • a ladle 2 which is preferably made of inductively transparent material, as known in the art, includes an outlet 4 .
  • the ladle is used to refine metal 5 , such as Si that is to be dispensed through the outlet in the molten state and may include a refractory material 3 .
  • the metal to be refined may be heated by any known means, such as by inductive heating.
  • the outlet comprises a nozzle 6 made of a material that has a melting point higher than that of the material to be dispensed, which is preferably surrounded by insulating refractory material 7 .
  • the nozzle may be made of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , ZrO 2 or other suitable refractory.
  • the nozzle 6 is engaged with the outlet of the ladle and may be supported by contact with a graphite susceptor tube 8 or by other means.
  • the susceptor tube 8 preferably surrounds the nozzle and is configured to transfer heat to the nozzle 6 to liquefy the metal to be dispensed.
  • the heater tube and nozzle are preferably not in physical contact at all times because their coefficients of expansion differ, but they are configured and positioned such that they are in thermal contact whereby heat from the graphite heater is effectively transferred to the nozzle.
  • the graphite susceptor is preferably heated by energy received from induction coil 10 . This has been found to be very efficient and to result in good control of the temperature of the nozzle 6 and good control of the flow through the nozzle, particularly when used in combination with a variable vacuum applied to the ladle.
  • the nozzle is preferably about twelve inches in length and extends beyond the bottom of the heater by several inches, preferably about 3 inches. Extending the end of the nozzle beyond the susceptor promotes cooling of the nozzle when heating is terminated.
  • the nozzle may be of various diameters. Preferably the diameter is from about one-half inch to about one inch. This diameter allows adequate flow of molten metal when the nozzle is heated and permits good control over the flow rate of the metal by application of vacuum to the ladle. Such diameters permit vacuum control of the flow rate during heating and allow the nozzle to clog quickly by cooling of the metal when the flow rate is substantially reduced and heating terminated.
  • the nozzle is preferably heated inductively, other methods of heating are possible.
  • the graphite tube may be a resistor and heated by passing electrical current through it directly with provided leads.
  • the diameter is preferably smaller, e.g.; about one-quarter inch. When the diameter is that small, it is possible to shut off flow by simply terminating the heating.
  • the nozzle is made of graphite and heated inductively directly by the induction coil, the power to the coil controlling the temperature in the nozzle and the flow rate of the metal.
  • the induction coil is preferably water cooled, and the cooling effect due to the presence of the water causes the metal to solidify in the nozzle more rapidly to reduce or stop flow when the power to the coil is reduced or shut off.
  • the graphite nozzle can also be cast en bloc with the induction coil with a castable refractory, which improves conduction of heat from the nozzle and metal to the water in a copper induction coil.
  • the combination of the cooling effect of the induction coil and vacuum control provides fine flow control of the molten metal.
  • an oxide refractory nozzle as disclosed above, can be placed inside a close-fitting graphite susceptor tube and still be heated and cooled by the induction coil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Abstract

A ladle (2) or other container for molten metal (5) is provided with an outlet nozzle (4) that allows a stream of molten metal to flow by heating the nozzle (4) to the melting temperature of the metal (5). The nozzle (4) is, for example, tubular and made of AI2O3 or SiO2 and is surrounded by a graphite tube (8) in thermal contact with the nozzle (4). The nozzle (4) is heated by heating the surrounding graphite tube (S) inductively. Once the temperature of the nozzle (4) exceeds the liquidus temperature of the metal (5) in the ladle (2), the metal (5) will flow out of the ladle (2) through the nozzle (4).

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • This application relates to an inductively powered nozzle for controlling the flow of metal from a ladle or other vessel containing molten metal.
  • BACKGROUND
  • It is known to use ladles to contain molten metal in the production of such metals. Typically, the ladle has an outlet at the bottom, which includes a valve that can be controlled. These valves are problematic, however, because they are expensive and require frequent repair or replacement.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In accordance with the invention a ladle or other container for molten metal is provided with an outlet nozzle that is easily controlled and less expensive. In one embodiment, a stream of molten metal, e.g., silicon flows through a tubular refractory nozzle by heating the nozzle to the melting temperature of the metal. The nozzle is, for example, tubular and made of Al203 or SiO2 and is surrounded by a graphite tube in thermal contact with the nozzle. The nozzle is heated by heating the surrounding graphite tube inductively. Once the temperature of the nozzle exceeds the liquidus temperature of the metal in the ladle, the metal will flow out of the ladle through the nozzle.
  • Alternately the nozzle may be made entirely of graphite, if the impurities that contact with the graphite may impart to the metal are not of concern.
  • The rate of flow through the nozzle may be controlled in part also by applying a vacuum to the ladle proper, as is known in the industry. If the vacuum is sufficient, the flow can be controlled very accurately, from a few drops per minute to full flow through the nozzle. It can also be stopped completely, if there is such a need, and re-started later in the process. Thus, accurate control of flow through the nozzle may also be obtained by combining the nozzle of the invention with known techniques.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The figure is a vertical cross section of a ladle having a nozzle in accordance with the invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • With reference to the figure, a ladle 2, which is preferably made of inductively transparent material, as known in the art, includes an outlet 4. The ladle is used to refine metal 5, such as Si that is to be dispensed through the outlet in the molten state and may include a refractory material 3. The metal to be refined may be heated by any known means, such as by inductive heating. The outlet comprises a nozzle 6 made of a material that has a melting point higher than that of the material to be dispensed, which is preferably surrounded by insulating refractory material 7. For example, if the metal to be dispensed is Si, the nozzle may be made of Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2 or other suitable refractory.
  • In the preferred embodiment, the nozzle 6 is engaged with the outlet of the ladle and may be supported by contact with a graphite susceptor tube 8 or by other means. The susceptor tube 8 preferably surrounds the nozzle and is configured to transfer heat to the nozzle 6 to liquefy the metal to be dispensed.
  • The heater tube and nozzle are preferably not in physical contact at all times because their coefficients of expansion differ, but they are configured and positioned such that they are in thermal contact whereby heat from the graphite heater is effectively transferred to the nozzle.
  • The graphite susceptor is preferably heated by energy received from induction coil 10. This has been found to be very efficient and to result in good control of the temperature of the nozzle 6 and good control of the flow through the nozzle, particularly when used in combination with a variable vacuum applied to the ladle.
  • The nozzle is preferably about twelve inches in length and extends beyond the bottom of the heater by several inches, preferably about 3 inches. Extending the end of the nozzle beyond the susceptor promotes cooling of the nozzle when heating is terminated.
  • The nozzle may be of various diameters. Preferably the diameter is from about one-half inch to about one inch. This diameter allows adequate flow of molten metal when the nozzle is heated and permits good control over the flow rate of the metal by application of vacuum to the ladle. Such diameters permit vacuum control of the flow rate during heating and allow the nozzle to clog quickly by cooling of the metal when the flow rate is substantially reduced and heating terminated.
  • While the nozzle is preferably heated inductively, other methods of heating are possible. For example, the graphite tube may be a resistor and heated by passing electrical current through it directly with provided leads.
  • If vacuum control of the flow rate is not to be used, the diameter is preferably smaller, e.g.; about one-quarter inch. When the diameter is that small, it is possible to shut off flow by simply terminating the heating.
  • In another embodiment, the nozzle is made of graphite and heated inductively directly by the induction coil, the power to the coil controlling the temperature in the nozzle and the flow rate of the metal. In either embodiment, the induction coil is preferably water cooled, and the cooling effect due to the presence of the water causes the metal to solidify in the nozzle more rapidly to reduce or stop flow when the power to the coil is reduced or shut off.
  • The graphite nozzle can also be cast en bloc with the induction coil with a castable refractory, which improves conduction of heat from the nozzle and metal to the water in a copper induction coil. The combination of the cooling effect of the induction coil and vacuum control provides fine flow control of the molten metal. Additionally, an oxide refractory nozzle, as disclosed above, can be placed inside a close-fitting graphite susceptor tube and still be heated and cooled by the induction coil.
  • Modifications within the scope of the appended claims will be apparent to those of skill in the art.

Claims (8)

1. An outlet for a ladle comprising a nozzle configured to be heated and allow metal to flow therethrough when heated and to block flow when not heated.
2. An outlet for a ladle according to claim 1 further comprising a graphite susceptor in thermal contact with the nozzle, and an induction coil for heating the susceptor.
3. An outlet for a ladle according to claim 2 in combination with a container for holding molten metal.
4. A container for holding molten metal comprising an outlet nozzle and a cooled induction coil for heating said nozzle when electrical power is applied to said coil and for cooling said nozzle when said electrical power is reduced or terminated.
5. A container according to claim 4 wherein said nozzle comprises graphite.
6. A container according to claim 4 further comprising a graphite susceptor in thermal contact with said nozzle.
7. A method for controlling the discharge of molten metal from a container comprising providing said container with an outlet nozzle, providing means for heating said outlet nozzle, and controlling the temperature of said outlet nozzle.
8. A method according to claim 7 further comprising applying a vacuum to said container.
US11/990,623 2005-08-19 2006-08-18 Induction powered ladle bottom nozzle Abandoned US20090145933A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/990,623 US20090145933A1 (en) 2005-08-19 2006-08-18 Induction powered ladle bottom nozzle

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US70944205P 2005-08-19 2005-08-19
US11/990,623 US20090145933A1 (en) 2005-08-19 2006-08-18 Induction powered ladle bottom nozzle
PCT/US2006/032361 WO2007024703A1 (en) 2005-08-19 2006-08-18 Induction powered ladle bottom nozzle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090145933A1 true US20090145933A1 (en) 2009-06-11

Family

ID=37771926

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/990,623 Abandoned US20090145933A1 (en) 2005-08-19 2006-08-18 Induction powered ladle bottom nozzle

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20090145933A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1920074A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2009504414A (en)
CN (1) CN101292048A (en)
AU (1) AU2006283520A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0615480A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2619756A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007024703A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107866552A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-04-03 苏州誉阵自动化科技有限公司 A kind of full-automatic casting equipment

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008037259A1 (en) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-25 Doncasters Precision Castings-Bochum Gmbh Electromagnetic plug
WO2012174701A1 (en) * 2011-06-20 2012-12-27 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Tundish with electromagnetic heated opening
CN102228986B (en) * 2011-06-20 2013-05-08 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Tundish with electromagnetic heating water gap
CN102784908A (en) * 2012-08-30 2012-11-21 南京钢铁集团冶金铸造有限公司 Non-drainage pouring technology for steel ladle
CN104907550B (en) * 2014-03-10 2017-01-04 中国钢铁股份有限公司 Nozzle device
JP5723044B1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-05-27 榮子 山田 Tundish nozzle for continuous casting of steel and continuous casting method
PL3175939T3 (en) * 2015-12-01 2021-04-06 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Sliding closure at the spout of a metallurgical vessel
KR101798077B1 (en) * 2016-03-17 2017-11-16 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 Apparatus for manufacturing metal having increased specific surface area and method using thereof
JP2021154304A (en) * 2020-03-25 2021-10-07 株式会社神戸製鋼所 BLACK LEAD NOZZLE FOR BOTTOM TAP AND CASTING METHOD FOR Ti-Al-BASED ALLOY

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3604598A (en) * 1969-07-09 1971-09-14 United States Steel Corp Outlet passage construction for teeming vessels
US4272488A (en) * 1977-05-25 1981-06-09 John S. Pennish Apparatus for producing and casting liquid silicon
US4668554A (en) * 1983-05-12 1987-05-26 Thor Ceramics Limited Composite refractory product
US4710260A (en) * 1982-12-22 1987-12-01 Texas Instruments Incorporated Deposition of silicon at temperatures above its melting point
US5164097A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-11-17 General Electric Company Nozzle assembly design for a continuous alloy production process and method for making said nozzle
US5939016A (en) * 1996-08-22 1999-08-17 Quantum Catalytics, L.L.C. Apparatus and method for tapping a molten metal bath
US5968447A (en) * 1996-10-21 1999-10-19 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Tapping method for electric arc furnaces, ladle furnaces or tundishes and relative tapping device
US6072166A (en) * 1995-08-28 2000-06-06 Didier-Werke Ag Method of operating an inductor
US6210629B1 (en) * 1996-10-08 2001-04-03 Didier-Werke Ag Method and device for discontinuous parting off of molten mass
US6358297B1 (en) * 1999-12-29 2002-03-19 General Electric Company Method for controlling flux concentration in guide tubes
US6358466B1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2002-03-19 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Thermal sprayed composite melt containment tubular component and method of making same
US20050279275A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2005-12-22 Memc Electronic Materials, Inc. Melter assembly and method for charging a crystal forming apparatus with molten source material

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DE1200481B (en) * 1961-01-24 1965-09-09 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for opening and closing the discharge opening of a container for molten metals
JPS5110128A (en) * 1974-07-16 1976-01-27 Toshiba Ceramics Co YOJUKINZOKUHAISHUTSUYONOZURUNO HOONYOJUDOKANETSUSOCHI
FR2532866B1 (en) * 1982-09-13 1985-06-07 Pont A Mousson INDUCTION HEATED CASTING CHANNEL
JPH0355488A (en) * 1989-07-21 1991-03-11 Tokyo Koshuha Denkiro Kk Bottom pouring type vessel and blocking method for nozzle of the same vessel

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3604598A (en) * 1969-07-09 1971-09-14 United States Steel Corp Outlet passage construction for teeming vessels
US4272488A (en) * 1977-05-25 1981-06-09 John S. Pennish Apparatus for producing and casting liquid silicon
US4710260A (en) * 1982-12-22 1987-12-01 Texas Instruments Incorporated Deposition of silicon at temperatures above its melting point
US4668554A (en) * 1983-05-12 1987-05-26 Thor Ceramics Limited Composite refractory product
US5164097A (en) * 1991-02-01 1992-11-17 General Electric Company Nozzle assembly design for a continuous alloy production process and method for making said nozzle
US6072166A (en) * 1995-08-28 2000-06-06 Didier-Werke Ag Method of operating an inductor
US5939016A (en) * 1996-08-22 1999-08-17 Quantum Catalytics, L.L.C. Apparatus and method for tapping a molten metal bath
US6210629B1 (en) * 1996-10-08 2001-04-03 Didier-Werke Ag Method and device for discontinuous parting off of molten mass
US5968447A (en) * 1996-10-21 1999-10-19 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Tapping method for electric arc furnaces, ladle furnaces or tundishes and relative tapping device
US6358297B1 (en) * 1999-12-29 2002-03-19 General Electric Company Method for controlling flux concentration in guide tubes
US6358466B1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2002-03-19 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Thermal sprayed composite melt containment tubular component and method of making same
US20050279275A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2005-12-22 Memc Electronic Materials, Inc. Melter assembly and method for charging a crystal forming apparatus with molten source material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107866552A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-04-03 苏州誉阵自动化科技有限公司 A kind of full-automatic casting equipment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007024703A1 (en) 2007-03-01
BRPI0615480A2 (en) 2016-09-13
AU2006283520A1 (en) 2007-03-01
EP1920074A4 (en) 2009-02-25
JP2009504414A (en) 2009-02-05
CN101292048A (en) 2008-10-22
CA2619756A1 (en) 2007-03-01
EP1920074A1 (en) 2008-05-14

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ADVANCED METALS TECHNOLOGY COMPANY, LLC, FLORIDA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:STANLEY, EARL K.;MOTT, JOHN R.;REEL/FRAME:022899/0158;SIGNING DATES FROM 20090507 TO 20090520

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION