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US20080314400A1 - Filter including electrostatically charged fiber material - Google Patents

Filter including electrostatically charged fiber material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080314400A1
US20080314400A1 US12/155,068 US15506808A US2008314400A1 US 20080314400 A1 US20080314400 A1 US 20080314400A1 US 15506808 A US15506808 A US 15506808A US 2008314400 A1 US2008314400 A1 US 2008314400A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
plug
electrostatically charged
fiber material
filter
adsorbent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/155,068
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Szu-Sung Yang
Jing C. Chang
Shirley Ha
Lixin Xue
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philip Morris USA Inc
Original Assignee
Philip Morris USA Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philip Morris USA Inc filed Critical Philip Morris USA Inc
Priority to US12/155,068 priority Critical patent/US20080314400A1/en
Assigned to PHILIP MORRIS USA INC reassignment PHILIP MORRIS USA INC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HA, SHIRLEY, XUE, LIXIN, CHANG, JING C., YANG, SZU-SUNG
Publication of US20080314400A1 publication Critical patent/US20080314400A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
    • A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/22—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by application of electric or wave energy or particle radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
    • A24D3/0225—Applying additives to filter materials with solid additives, e.g. incorporation of a granular product
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A24D3/046—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure with electrical or magnetical filtering means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon

Definitions

  • Cigarettes typically comprise filters that may have adsorbent materials, such as carbon, incorporated therein.
  • Filters adapted to be incorporated in a filter cigarette may comprise, for example, particles or granules of carbon such as activated carbon or activated charcoal and/or other adsorbent materials incorporated within the cellulose acetate tow or in cavities between cellulose acetate material.
  • a filter assembly for a smoking article having reduced adsorbent particle breakthrough.
  • the filter assembly is a plug-space-plug filter.
  • the filter assembly includes a plug of electrostatically charged fiber material and an adsorbent.
  • a plug of electrostatically charged fiber material is located downstream of the adsorbent.
  • the plug of electrostatically charged fiber material includes randomly-oriented electrostatically charged fiber material.
  • the plug of electrostatically charged fiber material includes axially oriented electrostatically charged fiber media.
  • at least one plug of axially oriented cellulose acetate fibers is located upstream and/or downstream of the adsorbent.
  • at least one plug of axially oriented cellulose acetate fibers is located downstream of the plug of electrostatically charged fiber material.
  • the smoking article includes a tobacco rod and a filter assembly.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art plug-space-plug filter for a smoking article.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a plug-space-plug filter including a plug of electrostatically charged fiber material.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of a plug-space-plug filter including a plug of electrostatically charged fiber material.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of a plug-space-plug filter including a plug of electrostatically charged fiber material.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a partially unwrapped smoking article including a plug-space-plug filter including a plug of electrostatically charged fiber material.
  • upstream and downstream relative positions between filter segments and other features are described in relation to the direction of mainstream smoke as it is drawn from the tobacco rod and through the multi-component filter.
  • the term “smoke entrainable particles” describes beads, granules, dust, fines, powders and the like having a size of about 0.1 micron to about 10 microns, which may become entrained in mainstream smoke.
  • Prior art plug-space-plug filters 105 include a portion of activated carbon 112 between plugs 130 of axially oriented cellulose acetate fibers. As smoke is drawn downstream from the tobacco rod 160 and through the filter 105 , some carbon particles may pass through the channels between the individual cellulose acetate fibers.
  • the plug-space-plug filter 105 is attached to a tobacco rod 160 that is wrapped with wrapping paper 170 to form a smoking article 100 . Tipping paper 165 surrounds the filter 105 and affixes the filter 105 to the tobacco rod 160 .
  • a filter assembly for a smoking article produces potentially reduced and/or eliminated particle breakthrough during smoking by using an electrostatic charge to attract the particles and/or a random orientation of the electrostatically charged fibers to mechanically trap particles.
  • the adsorbent is activated carbon.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material is located downstream of the activated carbon contained within the filter assembly so that as smoke is drawn through the filter assembly the carbon particles, having a size of about 0.1 micron to about 10 microns, entrained in the smoke are retained by the electrostatically charged fiber material.
  • the filter assembly 10 is a plug-space-plug oriented filter assembly.
  • a portion of activated carbon 12 is located in the cavity 15 of the filter 10
  • a plug 16 of electrostatically charged fiber material 14 is located downstream to reduce carbon particle breakthrough as mainstream smoke passes through the filter assembly 10 .
  • the portion of activated carbon is included as a plug of carbon on tow filter material, carbon paper, and/or a bed of loose carbon beads, granules, particles, and the like in a cavity of the filter.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material has permanent electrostatic charges, which can capture the carbon particles, thereby reducing or eliminating carbon particle breakthrough as mainstream smoke travels through the filter.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material is randomly-oriented so as to also mechanically capture smoke entrainable particles.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material includes electret fibers.
  • electret fibers e.g. 3M FiltreteTM fiber
  • electret fibers have a diameter of about 3 micrometer to about 30 micrometers and a basis weight in the range of about 10 to 500 g/m 2 .
  • the electret fibers range in weight from about 2.5 denier to about 8 denier.
  • Preferred fibers have a Y-shaped cross-section.
  • the filter assembly includes about 30 mg to about 200 mg of adsorbent.
  • the filter assembly 10 also includes about 25 mg to about 75 mg of electrostatically charged fiber material 14 , which forms a plug of about 3 mm to about 6 mm in length.
  • the amount of electrostatically charged fiber material 14 used depends on the amount of adsorbent, such as activated carbon, contained within the filter assembly 10 .
  • a plug of electrostatically charged fiber material 14 having a plug length of about 1 mm is used for about 18 mg of activated carbon.
  • the adsorbent and/or smoke entrainable particles include any suitable adsorbent media.
  • exemplary adsorbents include molecular sieves such as zeolites, silicas, silicates, aluminas, and/or carbons (e.g. activated carbon).
  • a preferred adsorbent media is activated carbon.
  • activated carbon is meant any porous, high surface area form of carbon that can be used as a sorbent in filters.
  • Activated carbon can be derived via thermal treatment of any suitable carbon source. The activation treatment typically increases the porosity, and activated carbon can be provided with a wide range of pore sizes or the pore sizes can be controlled to provide a desired pore size distribution.
  • the carbon is in the form of granules and the like.
  • the carbon of the preferred embodiment is a high surface area, activated carbon, for example a coconut shell based carbon of typical ASTM mesh size used in the cigarette industry or finer.
  • a particularly preferred activated carbon is commercially available from PICA USA, Inc., Truth or Consequences, N. Mex.
  • the activated carbon could also be manufactured via the carbonization of coal, wood, pitch, peat, cellulose fibers, lignite and olive pits. Carbonization is usually carried out at elevated temperatures, e.g., 400-1000° C. in an inert atmosphere, followed by activation under reducing or oxidizing conditions.
  • the activated carbon can be in the form of beads. In other embodiments, the activated carbon can be in the form of granules and/or fibers.
  • the activated carbon is adapted to adsorb constituents of mainstream smoke, particularly, those of the gas phase including aldehydes, ketones and other volatile organic compounds, and in particular 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, isoprene, propionaldehyde, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, styrene, acetaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.
  • the carbon can be in the form of carbon on tow and/or carbon paper.
  • the activated carbon comprises granulated particles ranging in size from about 100 microns to about 5 mm.
  • the particles of activated carbon have an average size of from about 0.2 to 2 mm (e.g., about 200, 500, 1000 or 2000 microns).
  • Activated carbon beads contained in the filter assembly preferably range in size from 0.2 mm to about 0.7 mm, as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0154993, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • activated carbon can have any desired pore size distribution that comprises pores such as micropores, mesopores and macropores.
  • microporous generally refers to such materials having pore sizes of about 20 Angstroms or less while the term “mesoporous” generally refers to such materials with pore sizes of about 20-500 Angstroms.
  • the activated carbon can be selected to have an appropriate surface area to preferentially adsorb targeted constituents from smoke.
  • the preferred activated carbon typically has a surface area greater than about 50 m 2 /g (e.g., at least about 100, 200, 500, 1000 or 2000 m 2 /g).
  • the absorptive capacity of the activated carbon increases with increasing surface area.
  • surface area typically increases with decreasing particle size.
  • carbon particles having a small particle size may pack together too densely to permit smoke to flow through the filter with desired resistance to draw (RTD) during smoking.
  • RTD resistance to draw
  • the particle size is too large there may be insufficient surface area to accomplish the desired degree of filtration. Therefore, such factors can be taken into account in selecting carbon particles suitable for filtration of mainstream and/or sidestream smoke.
  • the activated carbon is flavor-bearing or otherwise impregnated with a flavorant so that the carbon is adapted not only to remove one or more gas phase smoke constituents from smoke, but also to release flavor into the mainstream smoke stream.
  • the flavorant is added to the carbon by spraying flavorant upon a batch of activated carbon in a mixing (tumbling) drum or alternatively in a fluidized bed with nitrogen as the fluidizing agent, wherein flavorant may then be sprayed onto the carbon in the bed as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,761,174 to Jupe et al., the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • mainstream smoke refers to the mixture of gases passing down the tobacco rod and issuing through the filter end, i.e., the amount of smoke issuing or drawn from the mouth end of a cigarette during smoking of the cigarette.
  • the mainstream smoke contains smoke that is drawn in through both the lighted region, as well as through the cigarette paper wrapper.
  • side stream smoke refers to smoke produced during static burning.
  • the buccal end 20 of the filter assembly 10 is in the form of a plug 25 of cellulose acetate fibers 30 .
  • the cellulose acetate fibers 30 are axially oriented.
  • the plug 25 is positioned downstream of a plug 16 of electrostatically charged fiber material 14 , which is also downstream of the activated carbon 12 .
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material 14 is randomly oriented.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material 14 is axially oriented.
  • the activated carbon 12 is held in cavity 15 .
  • a second plug 25 of cellulose acetate fibers 30 is located immediately upstream of the electrostatically charged fiber material 14 , and immediately downstream of the activated carbon 12 .
  • the filter assembly 10 contains about 40 mg to about 70 mg of cellulose acetate fibers.
  • one or more plugs of cellulose acetate fibers are added to adjust the length of the filter.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material attracts and captures the carbon particles to reduce carbon particle breakthrough.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material have permanent electrostatic charges so that the carbon particles are captured in the filter.
  • carbon particles are also captured mechanically because the carbon particles are not able to travel in channels between the fibers.
  • the filter assembly 10 includes a portion of activated carbon 12 .
  • a plug 16 of electrostatically charged fiber material 14 is located immediately downstream of the activated carbon 12 .
  • Plugs 25 of cellulose acetate fibers 30 are located immediately upstream of the activated carbon 12 and immediately downstream of the electrostatically charged fiber material 14 .
  • the filter assembly 10 includes a portion of activated carbon 12 .
  • a plug 25 of cellulose acetate fibers 30 is located immediately downstream and immediately upstream of the cavity 15 filled with the activated carbon 12 .
  • the filter assembly 10 is adapted to be incorporated in a smoking article 80 .
  • smoking article includes cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and cigarillos.
  • Non-traditional cigarettes such as cigarettes for electrical smoking systems, as described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,026,820; 5,988,176; 5,915,387; and 5,499,636, are also included in the definition of smoking articles or cigarettes generally.
  • the smoking article is a cigarette.
  • the cigarette may contain tobacco material and a filter.
  • the cigarette may also contain at least one sorbent.
  • a traditional cigarette typically contains two sections, a tobacco-containing portion sometimes referred to as the tobacco rod, and a filter portion which may be referred to as the filtration zone.
  • Tipping paper typically surrounds the filter, which forms the buccal end of the cigarette. The tipping paper overlaps with the tobacco rod in order to hold the filter and tobacco rod together.
  • the tobacco rod, or tobacco containing element of the cigarette includes the paper wrapper in which the tobacco is wrapped and the adhesive holding the seams of the paper wrapper together.
  • the tobacco rod has a first end which is integrally attached to the filter and a second end which is lit or heated for smoking the tobacco.
  • the smoke travels from the lit end downstream to the filter end of the tobacco rod and further downstream through the filter.
  • An electret fiber segment consisting of 55 mg of randomly oriented electrostatically charged fiber material (e.g. 3M FiltreteTM) is placed downstream of a cavity filled with 110 mg of activated carbon to form a filter.
  • 3M FiltreteTM randomly oriented electrostatically charged fiber material
  • An electret fiber segment consisting of 55 mg of randomly oriented electrostatically charged fiber material (e.g. Toyobo Elitolon FA-65S) is placed downstream of a cavity filled with 110 mg of activated carbon to form a filter.
  • electrostatically charged fiber material e.g. Toyobo Elitolon FA-65S
  • the laser light scattering particle counter was placed next to a cigarette holder aligned with the air flow through the cigarette.
  • the filter was inserted into a cigarette filter holder to a depth of approximately 9 ⁇ 1 mm and machine puffed under non-lit (dry-puff) conditions using a 55 ml/puff; 2 second puff duration; 12 puffs/cig profile.
  • Table 1 The results are illustrated in Table 1.
  • the filters containing 3M FiltreteTM showed an average carbon particle breakthrough of about 9 particles per cigarette.
  • the particle breakthrough ranged from about 0 particles to about 54 particles per cigarette.
  • Filters containing Toyobo Elitolon FA-65S showed an average carbon particle breakthrough of about 3 particles per cigarette.
  • the particle breakthrough ranged from about 0 particles to about 27 particles per cigarette.
  • control filter not including electrostatically charged fiber material, showed an average carbon particle breakthrough of about 1097 particles per cigarette.
  • filters including electret fibers showed significant reductions in carbon particle breakthrough per cigarette.
  • Also provided is a method of making a filter assembly including filling a cavity of a plug-space-plug filter assembly with adsorbent, such as activated carbon particles, wherein a plug of electrostatically charged fiber material is located downstream of the cavity.
  • adsorbent such as activated carbon particles
  • the plug of electrostatically charged fiber material is located immediately downstream of the activated carbon.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material is located downstream of the activated carbon, and a plug of cellulose acetate fibers is located at the mouth end of the filter.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material is randomly-oriented within the plug.
  • the electrostatically charged fiber material is axially oriented.
  • a plug of axially oriented cellulose acetate fibers is placed upstream of the activated carbon.
  • a plug of axially oriented cellulose acetate fibers is also placed downstream of the plug of electrostatically charged fiber material or of the activated carbon.
  • electrostatically charged fiber material In use randomly oriented electrostatically charged fiber material catches carbon particles both mechanically and electrostatically.
  • axially-oriented cellulose acetate is placed downstream of the activated carbon, and carbon particles are able to breakthrough by traveling in the channels between the cellulose acetate fibers.
  • the fibers are randomly oriented, the carbon particles are unable to travel in the channels between the fibers.
  • both axially oriented and randomly-oriented electrostatically charged fibers carry an electrostatic charge that attracts and captures additional carbon particles.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
US12/155,068 2007-05-31 2008-05-29 Filter including electrostatically charged fiber material Abandoned US20080314400A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/155,068 US20080314400A1 (en) 2007-05-31 2008-05-29 Filter including electrostatically charged fiber material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US92481407P 2007-05-31 2007-05-31
US12/155,068 US20080314400A1 (en) 2007-05-31 2008-05-29 Filter including electrostatically charged fiber material

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US20080314400A1 true US20080314400A1 (en) 2008-12-25

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US12/155,068 Abandoned US20080314400A1 (en) 2007-05-31 2008-05-29 Filter including electrostatically charged fiber material

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US20080314400A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5314677B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101504778B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2461342C2 (fr)
UA (1) UA96993C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008146161A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011042174A3 (fr) * 2009-10-09 2011-06-30 Philip Morris Products S.A. Procédé et appareil permettant de fabriquer un ensemble filtre d'article pour fumeurs incluant des fibres chargées de façon électrostatique
WO2013164624A1 (fr) * 2012-05-03 2013-11-07 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Améliorations apportées à des filtres pour articles à fumer
EP3298909B1 (fr) 2016-09-21 2020-10-28 Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH Fabrication de produits à fumer
US11160305B2 (en) 2013-10-11 2021-11-02 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Additive releasing materials

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US20100006112A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2010-01-14 Philip Morris Usa, Inc. Filter including randomly-oriented fibers for reduction of particle breakthrough
AR081744A1 (es) * 2010-03-26 2012-10-17 Philip Morris Prod Filtro con adaptadores con espacio intermedio con bolita saborizada
UA111862C2 (uk) 2011-11-07 2016-06-24 Філіп Морріс Продактс С.А. Курильний виріб з матеріалом для доставки рідини
UA112328C2 (uk) 2011-11-07 2016-08-25 Філіп Морріс Продактс С.А. Ментолвмісний курильний виріб
WO2020089120A1 (fr) * 2018-10-29 2020-05-07 Nerudia Limited Consommable de substitution à l'acte de fumer

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JP2010527628A (ja) 2010-08-19
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WO2008146161A3 (fr) 2009-01-29
RU2009149673A (ru) 2011-07-10
UA96993C2 (ru) 2011-12-26
WO2008146161A8 (fr) 2009-04-16
WO2008146161A2 (fr) 2008-12-04
JP5314677B2 (ja) 2013-10-16
KR101504778B1 (ko) 2015-03-20

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