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US20080227805A1 - Sustained release parenteral formulations of buprenorphine - Google Patents

Sustained release parenteral formulations of buprenorphine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080227805A1
US20080227805A1 US12/038,890 US3889008A US2008227805A1 US 20080227805 A1 US20080227805 A1 US 20080227805A1 US 3889008 A US3889008 A US 3889008A US 2008227805 A1 US2008227805 A1 US 2008227805A1
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buprenorphine
oil
formulation according
group
formulation
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US12/038,890
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English (en)
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Carmela Luangdilok
Douglas R. Flanagan
Luk-Chiu Li
Matthew Widman
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Abbott Laboratories
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Abbott Laboratories
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Priority to US12/038,890 priority Critical patent/US20080227805A1/en
Assigned to ABBOTT LABORATORIES reassignment ABBOTT LABORATORIES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LUANGDILOK, CARMELA, FLANAGAN, DOUGLAS R., LI, LUK-CHIU, WIDMAN, MATTHEW
Publication of US20080227805A1 publication Critical patent/US20080227805A1/en
Priority to US12/636,227 priority patent/US8455508B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sustained release pharmaceutical composition formulations and related methods. More specifically, the present invention is directed towards sustained release injectable formulations of buprenorphine.
  • Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic with mixed agonist-antagonist properties. Besides being 20-40 times more potent than morphine, one of its main advantages is that the dose does not need to be increased during chronic administration. Buprenorphine can be in various forms such as sublingual tablets (0.2 mg) for the treatment of moderate, severe acute, and chronic pain, or as a pre-operative medication. Sublingual tablets containing 0.4, 2 and 8 mg of the drug are used for the treatment of opioid addiction.
  • IV intravenous
  • IM intramuscular
  • intrathecal intrathecal
  • epidural administration as an analgesia in cases of severe acute pain and as a pre-medication.
  • Recommended doses are 200-600 ⁇ g by IV or IM injection every six to eight hours, 30-45 ⁇ g intrathecally or 100-300 ⁇ g epidurally every six to twelve hours or 400 ⁇ g sublingually every six to eight hours (R. C. Heel, R. N. Brogden, T. M. Speight and G. S. Avery. Drugs 17 (1979) 81-110; S. E. Robinson, CNS Drug Rev. 8 (2000) 377: P. J. Hoskin. G. W. Hanks. Drugs 30 (1991) 326: T. M. Tzschentke, Psychopharmacology 161 (2002) 1).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,155 discloses an injectable slow-release partial opioid agonist and/or opioid antagonist formulation in a poly (D, L-lactide) excipient with a small amount of residual ethyl acetate.
  • the microparticles are under 125 ⁇ m in diameter and can be readily injected intramuscularly to provide at least about 0.5 ng/ml of drug over an extended period of time (28-60 days).
  • the formulations are provided for use in the treatment of alcoholics and heroin addicts.
  • a subcutaneous depot product exists wherein buprenorphine microcapsules consisting of buprenorphine base and biodegradable PLA-PGA polymer are disclosed (B.-F. X. Sobel et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 73 (2004) 11).
  • buprenorphine transdermal delivery systems e.g., TranstecTM
  • the patch is available in three strengths delivering 35, 52.5 or 70 mcg/hr over seventy-two hours (R. Sittl et al., Clin. Ther. January 2003; 25(1): 150; Expert Rev. Neurother. May 2005; 5(3): 315).
  • buprenorphine propionate when prepared as a depot had a long-lasting analgesic effect, which was 7.5-fold longer than the traditional dosage form of buprenorphine in saline preparation, following IM injection in rats.
  • the long lasting effect of IM depot of buprenorphine propionate is reported to be due to a slow release of buprenorphine propionate from its oil vehicle (S.-Y. Liu et al., J. Chromatogr B 818 (2005) 233; J. J. Wang, Patent of the Republic of China, No. 1226830 (2005)).
  • buprenorphine esters They have subsequently synthesized and formulated other depots of buprenorphine esters, buprenorphine enanthate and decanoate.
  • the buprenorphine decanoate in oil produced a 14-fold longer duration of action than buprenorphine HCl in saline (K. -S. Liu et. al. Anesth Analg 2006; 102; 1445).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,335,035 discloses the preparation of a sustained release delivery system using a polymer matrix containing a drug for use in treating acute or chronic conditions.
  • the drug is dispersed within a polymer matrix solubilized or suspended in a polymer matrix.
  • the polymer matrix is composed of a highly negative charged polymer material such as polysulfated glucosoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, mucopolysaccharides and mixtures thereof, and a nonionic polymer such as carboxymethylcellulose sodium, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and mixtures thereof.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,505 discloses a fat emulsion specific to an ester of flurbiprofen to provide an orally and parenterally administrable, particularly intravenously administrable, preparation having an excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity and only a minor side effect.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,197,344 discloses controlled release suspension formulations of the opioid analgesic, butorphanol and the use of such formulations for pain management over periods of time ranging from 12 to 24 hours.
  • South African Patent Application 91/4549 is referenced, which discloses microsphere pharmaceutical formulations and the use of such in delivering therapeutic agents.
  • Pharmaceutically active substances that can be administered using such microspheres are tranquilizers, anti-emetics, vasodilators, antihistaminics, steroids and analgesics.
  • sustained release injectable buprenorphine formulations that exist in the prior art utilize more complicated systems such as microparticles or prodrugs in an oil vehicle. More particularly, the manufacturing of microparticles involves utilizing complex and costly processes with the use of organic solvents. Additionally, it can be difficult to achieve sterility of microparticles and other oil solutions because terminal sterilization is not always possible. In addition to these disadvantages, it is difficult to appropriately control the release of a drug such as buprenorphine in an injectable dosage form in order to achieve the desired onset and duration of analgesic effects in the target species. Accordingly, there continues to be a need for reasonably simpler and more practical formulations for sustained release of buprenorphine.
  • the present invention provides, in one embodiment, an oil-in-water buprenorphine formulation including buprenorphine and a surfactant that emulsifies the buprenorphine in oil, wherein the buprenorphine release is controlled by varying the oil concentration and/or pH of the emulsion. Additionally, the present invention provides an aqueous suspension formulation including free base buprenorphine and a suspension stabilizer. Further, the present invention provides an oil formulation including buprenorphine salt suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable oil. The present invention also provides various methods of controlling the release of buprenorphine over a period of time through administration of the various formulations. In addition, the present invention provides methods of manufacturing the various formulations thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a chart demonstrating a buprenorphine release profile from Intralipid emulsions into NS;
  • FIG. 2 is a chart demonstrating buprenorphine release profile from suspensions at various pH values into NS;
  • FIG. 3 is a chart of a buprenorphine blood concentration-time profile after subcutaneous administration of solution and suspension formulations in rats.
  • FIG. 4 is a chart of a buprenorphine blood concentration-time profile after subcutaneous administration of emulsions containing 0.8 mg/ml of buprenorphine with various concentrations of Intralipid® in rats.
  • the present invention is directed towards formulations and related methods of preparation and manufacturing of a sustained release injectable formulation of buprenorphine.
  • the formulation can be an oil-in-water emulsion, an aqueous suspension of the buprenorphine free base, or an oil suspension of the buprenorphine salt, wherein any of the formulations can include or exclude a preservative.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of such formulation for controlled release of buprenorphine over a period of twelve to forty-eight hours for human or veterinary medicine.
  • the present invention provides numerous advantages over the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a simpler more practical, and inexpensive method of preparing formulations that can achieve sustained release of buprenorphine.
  • the present invention provides flexibility in controlling the release of buprenorphine by varying the different factors that control the release. These factors include, but are not limited to, lipid concentration, pH, particle or globule size, and buprenorphine concentration.
  • factors include, but are not limited to, lipid concentration, pH, particle or globule size, and buprenorphine concentration.
  • extensive data and excellent tissue biocompatibility have been demonstrated for emulsions as a drug delivery system.
  • the administration of an emulsion subcutaneously or intramuscularly is straightforward without the need for reconstitution as with microparticles. Owing to the relatively low viscosity of an emulsion, the use of smaller needle size is more feasible with an emulsion than an oil solution.
  • the onset of action is approximately fifteen minutes after IV dosing of buprenorphine.
  • the peak effect occurs in thirty to forty minutes and the duration of action can last up to eight hours.
  • the disposition of buprenorphine (10 ⁇ g/kg) after intravenous and intramuscular as well as oral muccosal route has been reported in cats. Based on changes in thermal threshold, i.m. doses of 10 ⁇ g/kg resulted in a slow onset (two hours) of analgesia, but once established, this lasted at least six hours.
  • Use of the sustained release formulation could prolong the duration of action (12 to 48 hours) in these species.
  • buprenorphine means an opioid drug with partial agonist and antagonist actions. It can be in various forms including, but not limited to, a free base form or as a salt.
  • the salt form can be buprenorphine HCl or any other similar salts known to those of skill in the art.
  • the present invention has numerous embodiments.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is an oil-in-water buprenorphine formulation including buprenorphine and a surfactant that emulsifies the buprenorphine in oil, wherein the release is controlled by varying the oil concentration and/or pH.
  • the buprenorphine can be a free base or a salt.
  • the surfactant can be, but is not limited to, synthetic non-ionic surfactants, polypropylene polyethylene block copolymers, phosphatides, egg phosphatide, combinations thereof, and any other similar surfactants known to those of skill in the art.
  • the buprenorphine can be dissolved in a water immiscible solvent including, but not limited to, vegetable oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, arachis oil, castor oil, olive oil, ester of a medium or long chain fatty acid such as a mono-, di-, or triglyceride, ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, polyoxyl hydrogenated castor oil, combinations thereof, and other similar solvents known to those of skill in the art.
  • the formulation can optionally include glycerol, which can cause the formulation to be isotonic.
  • the composition can also include, but is not limited to, pH adjusting agents including, but not limited to, sodium hydroxide, and a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer system such as, but not limited to, sodium citrate and sodium phosphate.
  • pH is adjusted to be between about 6 to about 9.
  • the formulation can include a preservative such as, but not limited to, benzyl alcohol, EDTA, combinations thereof, and any other similar preservative known to those of skill in the art.
  • the remaining formulation is water.
  • the free base buprenorphine can be formed by the addition of an alkali metal salt such as, but not limited to, NaOH to a buprenorphine salt solution.
  • a suspending agent can be added, but is not limited to, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), dextran, and other similar agents known to those of skill in the art.
  • the aqueous suspension can be formulated by dispersing the buprenorphine free base into the suspending agent solution and mixing with a high shear homogenizer.
  • Buprenorphine has a pKa of about 8.24.
  • the solubility of the buprenorphine is inversely proportional to pH over the pH range of about 6.0 to 8.0 and this can be utilized to control the release.
  • the initial rate of release of the drug is higher at low pH levels.
  • the composition can further include a surfactant such as, but not limited to, Pluronic F127, polysorbates and other surfactants acceptable for parenteral administration.
  • the formulation can include additional substances such as a buffer including, but not limited to, sodium citrate and sodium phosphate, and other similar buffers known to those of skill in the art.
  • the formulation can include a preservative such as, but not limited to, benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, combinations thereof, and any other similar preservative known to those of skill in the art.
  • a further embodiment is directed towards a buprenorphine oil formulation where a buprenorphine salt is suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable oil.
  • the buprenorphine salt can be, but is not limited to, buprenorphine HCl.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable oil includes, but is not limited to, cottonseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, combinations thereof and other similar oils known to those of skill in the art.
  • the composition can further include a suspending agent such as a sorbitan fatty acid hexitan ester.
  • the present invention also provides methods of providing sustained release of buprenorphine over a period of time by administering any of the formulations of the present invention.
  • 7.5 mg (free base equivalent) of buprenorphine HCl was dissolved in ethanol and sterile filtered into a vial. The ethanol was evaporated by purging with nitrogen. 4.7 mL of 30% Intralipid® fat IV emulsion was added into the vial containing the sterile buprenorphine HCl. The vial was shaken vigorously for about thirty seconds to disperse the buprenorphine HCl in the Intralipid. The vial was stirred at a high speed or at about 1000 rpm on a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for two hours or more.
  • a solution of 1% PVP K-30 and 1.4% glycerin was prepared.
  • 2.5 g PVP and 3.5 g glycerin were added to a 250 ml volumetric flask and q.s with water.
  • 4.5 mg of buprenorphine HCl was accurately weighed in a vial and 5 mL of the PVP and glycerin solution was added.
  • the solution was stirred until dissolved. Sterile filtering of the solution then occurred.
  • 0.05 ml of sterile 0.1 N NaOH was added to the vial containing 0.8 mg/ml of buprenorphine (free base equivalent) while the vial was stirring on a magnetic stirrer.
  • the vial was stirred at 1000 rpm (fast setting) on the magnetic stirrer at room temperature for three hours prior to administration.
  • Buprenorphine HCl ( ⁇ 2.4 mg) was weighed, dissolved in 3 mL of 5%, 10% or 20% Intralipid emulsion to reach a final concentration of ⁇ 0.5 mg/mL.
  • the pH of buprenorphine emulsions were ⁇ 5.0 without pH adjustment.
  • the pH was adjusted to about pH 8.0 with dilute NaOH. Both emulsions with different pHs were evaluated for their release characteristics.
  • Buprenorphine HCl ( ⁇ 11 mg) was weighed, dissolved in distilled water and made up to 10 mL in a volumetric flask to reach a final concentration of ⁇ 1.1 mg/mL. A 3 mL aliquot of this solution was used to prepare a suspension by adjusting the solution to various pH values (6.6, 6.8, 7.0) by adding dilute NaOH. A portion of the buprenorphine HCl was precipitated as the free base and the remaining portion was dissolved as the hydrochloride salt form.
  • a dialysis tubing with a length of 5 to 10 cm (Spectrum, 4 mm diameter, 8,000 MWCO) was used to hold emulsion, suspension or solution formulations containing buprenorphine.
  • the tubing was first wetted in distilled water and the appropriate amount of formulations ( ⁇ 0.5 mL) was introduced into the tubing with a syringe.
  • the dialysis tubing was then sealed with plastic clamps to prevent leakage and was placed into 20 mL of release medium in a covered Petri dish.
  • the release solution was stirred magnetically. At appropriate time intervals. 5 mL samples were withdrawn and replaced with fresh medium.
  • the release samples were analyzed for buprenorphine by HPLC.
  • the mobile phase was prepared as described in USP 24 (p. 258). Ammonium acetate (1 g) was dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water to obtain a 1% solution. To this solution, a 100 ⁇ L aliquot of glacial acetic acid was added and this buffer was then added to 600 mL of HPLC grade methanol and the solution was filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter and de-gassed. The mobile phase flow rate was 1 mL/min with an injection volume of 100 ⁇ L. The detection wavelength was either 250 nm or 288 nm.
  • the HPLC system was a Shimadzu system including a LC-10AT pump, SIL-10AD auto injector, SPD-10A UV-Visible detector, and SCL-10A system controller with Shimadzu Class VP software (ver. 4.3) for system control and data acquisition.
  • the column was a Waters SymmetryShieldTM RP18, 5 ⁇ m particle size, 3.9*100 mm, with a C18 guard column.
  • Buprenorphine release data from Intralipid emulsions at different pH values are tabulated in Table 1 and plotted in FIG. 1 .
  • Buprenorphine release data from suspensions with different pH values are tabulated in Table 2 and plotted in FIG. 2 .
  • Buprenorphine HCl ( ⁇ 4.3 mg) was weighed, dissolved in distilled water and made up to 5 mL in a volumetric flask to reach a final concentration of ⁇ 0.8 mg/mL buprenorphine free base equivalent.
  • Buprenorphine HCl ( ⁇ 2.58 mg) was weighed, dissolved in 3 mL of 5%, 10% or 20% Intralipid emulsion to reach a final concentration of ⁇ 0.8 mg/mL buprenorphine free base equivalent. The pH was adjusted to ⁇ 8.0 with 0.1N NaOH.
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone ( ⁇ 0.25 g, PVP K-30) was weighed, dissolved in water and made up to 25 mL in a volumetric flask to reach a final concentration of 1%.
  • Buprenorphine HCl ( ⁇ 8.61 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 10 mL of 1% PVP solution to reach a final concentration of ⁇ 0.8 mg/mL buprenorphine free base equivalent. An aliquot (3 mL) of this solution was used to prepare the suspension in 1% PVP by raising the pH to 6.8 using 0.1N NaOH.
  • mice Three, 250-300 g, male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for each formulation. Animals were obtained from the vendor on a weekly basis, and each group of animals was allowed to acclimate to the housing facility for at least 24 hours. Animals were allowed full access to food and water before and during the experiment, and each animal was weighed prior to formulation administration (Table 3).
  • a 0.3 mL, 29 gauge insulin syringe was filled with formulation (50 ⁇ l) using aseptic technique.
  • the skin at the nape of the rates neck was lifted and the needle was inserted under the skin, parallel to the long axis of the skin fold.
  • the animal was placed into a plexiglass rat restrainer (Harvard Bioscience, Holliston, Mass.), keeping the tail free.
  • the tail was placed briefly ( ⁇ 10 sec) into warm water (70-80° C.) and was then kept warm by placing it ⁇ 1 cm beneath a 100W light bulb for one minute. Precautions were taken to ensure that the animal was not burned during these procedures.
  • Blood was collected from the tail vein using a heparinized, 23G butterfly needle. The tubing from the butterfly needle was trimmed to ⁇ 1 cm from the hub to reduce the dead volume. Approximately 8-10 drops of blood were collected into 1.5 ml polypropylene centrifuge tube that had been previously rinsed with heparinized EIA buffer (see below). From this sample, 50 ⁇ l of whole blood was transferred to another vial containing 200 ⁇ l of heparinized (10,000 U/L) EIA buffer (1:5 dilution). Both the remaining whole blood and diluted blood samples were immediately frozen using a dry ice/acetone bath and then stored at ⁇ 70° C until analysis.
  • Buprenorphine ELISA kits were obtained from Neogen Corp (Lexington, Ky.) and used as directed. Briefly, 20 ⁇ l of sample (1:5 dilution of whole blood, calibration standard, or Neogen-supplied control in EIA buffer) was pipetted into the well of a 96 well plate. Drug-enzyme (horseradish peroxidase) conjugate (180 ⁇ dilution in EIA buffer) was placed into each well, the cover supplied was placed on top of the plate and the system was shaken for 45 min at ambient temperature on a microplate shaker (Precision Scientific. Chicago, Ill.).
  • wash buffer (1:10 dilution in EIA buffer) was added into each well.
  • the plate was inverted to remove the buffer and the washing step was repeated two additional times.
  • 150 ⁇ l of K-Blue substrate (3′,3′,5,5′ tetramethylbenzidine; hydrogen peroxide) was added to each well and the system was placed on a microplate shaker at ambient temperature for thirty minutes.
  • Red Stop Solution 50 ⁇ l was added to each well, the plate was gently mixed and the absorbance read at 650 nm (Molecular Devices, Model 384, Union City, Calif.).
  • Calibration standards were prepared using buprenorphine HCl (Diosynth, lot # L00025491). A calibration curve was prepared for each experiment/plate by plotting the optical density readings versus buprenorphine concentrations from the standards included on the plate. A calibration curve was established with these results using regression analysis. The limit of quantitation used for all assays was 0.8 ng/mL.
  • Bioavailability comparisons between formulations can be made using the area under the plasma concentration-time curve.
  • the AUC was calculated by summing the areas of any two adjacent time points by trapezoidal rule. No extrapolation beyond the final collection time was made.
  • the blood concentration-time profiles following subcutaneous administration of long-acting buprenorphine formulations are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
  • the suspension (0.8 mg/ml) gave lower but more prolonged concentrations of buprenorphine in the blood ( FIG. 3 ). Measurable buprenorphine concentrations were detected for up to 56 hours in two of the rats tested. The t max for the suspension occurred at the first sampling time (15 min), and the blood concentration (3.2 ng/mL) at this time was similar to the concentration measured at 56 hours (1.25 ng/ml) (Table 4), indicating that the suspension provided a low, but sustained release of buprenorphine for at least two days.
  • the t max was longer (4 hr) for the 30% Intralipid® formulation as compared to the 10% and 20% concentrations (1 hr and 2 hr, respectively).
  • the AUC for the 30% Intralipid® formulation was 1.8-fold greater than with the 20% formulation, while the 10% formulation had the largest AUC due to the extremely high buprenorphine plasma concentrations measured during the first four hours following administration. Based on these data. it appears that the 30% Intralipid® formulation has slightly better sustained action than the other formulations tested.

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Cited By (2)

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WO2012164494A1 (fr) 2011-05-30 2012-12-06 Flamel Technologies Composition a liberation controlee de la buprenorphine
US20150335753A1 (en) * 2012-12-19 2015-11-26 Kashiv Pharma, Llc Supersaturated stabilized nanoparticles for poorly soluble drugs

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WO2010072398A2 (fr) * 2008-12-22 2010-07-01 Boehringer Ingelheim Limited Formulations vétérinaires
US11234974B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2022-02-01 Lumosa Therapeutics Co., Ltd. Pharmaceutical formulations for sustained release of sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester
KR102375798B1 (ko) 2015-05-28 2022-03-17 루모사 테라퓨틱스 캄파니 리미티드 세바코일 디날부핀 에스테르의 서방출을 위한 약제학적 제형
US10183018B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2019-01-22 Lumosa Therapeutics Co., Ltd. Pharmaceutical formulations for sustained release of sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester

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