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US20080214952A1 - Replaceable Cartridge for Allergy Testing System - Google Patents

Replaceable Cartridge for Allergy Testing System Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080214952A1
US20080214952A1 US11/995,370 US99537006A US2008214952A1 US 20080214952 A1 US20080214952 A1 US 20080214952A1 US 99537006 A US99537006 A US 99537006A US 2008214952 A1 US2008214952 A1 US 2008214952A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
microneedle array
microneedle
replaceable cartridge
allergens
encapsulated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/995,370
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English (en)
Inventor
Jose Mir
Dennis Roland Zander
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Infotonics Technology Center Inc
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US11/995,370 priority Critical patent/US20080214952A1/en
Publication of US20080214952A1 publication Critical patent/US20080214952A1/en
Assigned to INFOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CENTER, INC. reassignment INFOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CENTER, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MIR, JOSE, ZANDER, DENNIS R.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/41—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
    • A61B5/411—Detecting or monitoring allergy or intolerance reactions to an allergenic agent or substance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
    • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
    • A61B5/444—Evaluating skin marks, e.g. mole, nevi, tumour, scar
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/003—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles having a lumen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0046—Solid microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0061—Methods for using microneedles

Definitions

  • the claimed invention generally relates to systems for testing for medical conditions and, more particularly, to replacement cartridges for allergy testing systems used to determine a degree of reaction to one or more allergens by a subject in a minimally invasive manner.
  • Test regions must be large enough to easily be identified and evaluated by the human eye or by photographs which are then printed or enlarged. Although these forms of allergy testing often cover a large area of a patient's body, these manual determinations of allergic reaction provide the medical practitioner with a snapshot in time which has been shown to be useful in screening patients for allergic reactions.
  • Blood testing provides a highly invasive, yet possibly more convenient method of allergy testing. Unfortunately, blood testing does not surpass the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the skin test. Blood test results are often dependent upon the laboratory which is performing the test. Blood testing for allergies is also a more expensive option.
  • a replaceable cartridge for use in a minimally invasive allergy testing system includes a microneedle array; encapsulated allergens, and
  • the replaceable cartridge for use in a minimally invasive allergy testing system is disclosed.
  • the replaceable cartridge includes a microneedle array for engagement with a separate set of encapsulated allergens, and packaging to hold the microneedle array in an alignment.
  • the replaceable cartridge for use in a minimally invasive allergy testing system is disclosed.
  • the replaceable cartridge includes refillable encapsulated allergens for engagement with a separate microneedle array; and packaging to hold the refillable encapsulated allergens in an alignment.
  • a method of manufacturing a replaceable cartridge for use in a minimally invasive allergy testing system is also disclosed.
  • a formable layer is placed on a mold having cavities and vacuum lines coupled to the cavities. Heat is applied to the formable layer and a negative pressure is applied to the vacuum lines to wrap the cavities with the formable layer.
  • the wrapped cavities are filled with allergens.
  • the filled cavities are covered with a plastic cover to form an encapsulated allergen assembly.
  • a removable seal is applied over the plastic cover.
  • a microneedle array having a substrate and at least one microneedle is formed.
  • An energy storage device is coupled to the substrate to form a microneedle array assembly.
  • the encapsulated allergen assembly is coupled with the microneedle array assembly.
  • the claimed invention is compatible with a system and method to minimize the invasiveness of allergy testing, degree and area of reaction, testing time, general discomfort, and risk of infection. Another advantage of the claimed invention is that it enables a much smaller test area footprint when compared to prior testing devices. The much smaller footprint also simplifies and expedites the allergy testing process for a medical staff.
  • the claimed invention is compatible with micro-fluidic technology, and therefore much smaller quantities of allergens may be dispensed, reducing the severity of the reaction for a patient, and possibly reducing the cost for the testing.
  • the allergen dispensing process may also be automated in some embodiments, allowing for automated and quantified allergy reactivity data readout, thereby reducing uncertainty and subjectivity.
  • a further advantage possible with automated embodiments is the ability to capture continuous or nearly continuous visual images of an allergy test site. This allows scientist and medical personnel the chance to study the time rate of change for certain allergic reactions, and better understand a patient's reaction and sensitivity. Overall, the minimally invasive allergy testing system enables a relatively fast allergy test cycle time, lowers the cost of such testing, and significantly reduces the chance for errors.
  • FIGS. 1-2E schematically illustrate embodiments of an allergy testing system.
  • FIGS. 3A & 3B to FIGS. 8A & 8B schematically illustrate side views (A) and top views (B), respectively, of embodiments of microneedles for use in an allergy testing system.
  • FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a side view of a corrugated microneedle embodiment for use in an allergy testing system.
  • FIG. 10A schematically illustrates an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of an allergy testing system.
  • FIG. 10B schematically illustrates an assembled, cross-sectional view of the allergy testing system embodiment of FIG. 10A .
  • FIG. 11A schematically illustrates an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of an allergy testing system.
  • FIG. 11B schematically illustrates an assembled, cross-sectional view of the allergy testing system embodiment of FIG. 11A .
  • FIGS. 12A-12C schematically illustrate one possible method of applying allergens to a subject using an embodiment of an allergy testing system.
  • FIGS. 12 D 1 - 12 D 4 schematically illustrate different embodiments of gathering and analyzing allergy test data after the allergens have been applied by the allergy testing system in FIGS. 12A-12C .
  • FIG. 13 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an allergy testing system.
  • FIGS. 14A-14P schematically illustrate an embodiment of a process for manufacturing a replaceable allergen cartridge for use in an allergy testing system.
  • FIGS. 15A and 15B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a process for allergy testing using the replaceable allergen cartridge of FIG. 14P .
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a minimally invasive allergy testing system 20 .
  • the minimally invasive allergy testing system 20 has a microneedle array 22 which is coupled to an array of encapsulated allergens 24 .
  • the microneedle array 22 has at least one microneedle, and preferably a plurality of microneedles which may be spaced in a linear array, a two-dimensional array, or any other spacing desired.
  • the microneedles 22 may have a height of about 50-300 microns and a diameter of about 10-80 microns in order to penetrate a subject's skin, although other embodiments may have other dimensions.
  • the microneedle array may be manufactured out of a number of different substances, for example, silicon, glass, metal, quartz, or plastic. Due to its attractive micromachining properties, silicon may be anisotropically etched using chemical and reactive ion etching processes to fabricate the microneedles, although other materials and manufacturing processes can be used.
  • the encapsulated allergens 24 have a corresponding set of allergens associated with the microneedles in the microneedle array 22 .
  • the microneedle array 22 and the encapsulated allergens 24 may be held in alignment with each other by a package 26 .
  • the minimally invasive allergy testing system 20 also has an activation system 28 which may be directly or indirectly coupled to the microneedle array 22 and/or the encapsulated allergens 24 .
  • the activation system 28 causes a skin of a test subject to be pricked, while releasing corresponding encapsulated allergens 24 into contact with the appropriate test prick.
  • the activation system 28 can be a mechanical plunger or other mechanical system, which is pressed by a medical professional, or even the test subject themselves.
  • the activation system 28 can be a spring-loaded release which allows a predictable force to be applied to the microneedle array 22 as it pricks the subject's skin.
  • Further embodiments of an allergy testing system 20 may have an activation system which is an electro-mechanical system, such as a solenoid, motor, or a micromechanical actuator.
  • the microneedle array 22 , the encapsulated allergens 24 , and/or the activation system 28 may be separate components of the allergy testing system 20 .
  • the microneedle array 22 and the encapsulated allergens 24 are removably packaged from the activation system 28 . This removability allows for designs and embodiments with simple replacement of the microneedles and encapsulated allergens which are typically only used once.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates another embodiment of an allergy testing system 30 .
  • This allergy testing system 30 has the microneedle array 22 directly coupled to the activation system 28 .
  • the microneedle array 22 may still be removably coupled to the activation system 28 in some embodiments.
  • the microneedle array 22 is schematically illustrated in this and other embodiments as only having a single needle 32 . It should be understood that any number of microneedles 32 may be present on the microneedle array 22 , depending on size of the microneedle array 22 and the number of allergy test sites desired.
  • the needles 32 of the microneedle array 22 are positioned to contact the encapsulated allergens 24 as the activation system 28 is engaged. In the orientation of FIG.
  • the activation system 28 will engage downwards 34 to push the microneedles 32 of the microneedle array 22 through the corresponding encapsulated allergen sites, and then on into a subject's skin 36 .
  • the microneedles 32 are wetted with the allergens before the skin 36 is pierced.
  • FIG. 2B schematically illustrates an allergy testing system 38 which is similar to the allergy testing system of FIG. 2A , with the addition of at least one hollow microneedle 40 in the microneedle array 22 .
  • the allergens may be drawn into the hollow portion of the microneedle 40 , which may then deposit the allergens deeper within the subject's skin 36 after the microneedle pierces the skin 36 .
  • the allergens will also coat the outside of the microneedle 40 , similar to the embodiment of FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 2C schematically illustrates another embodiment of a minimally invasive allergy testing system 42 .
  • This allergy testing system 42 has the microneedle array 22 indirectly coupled to the activation system 28 .
  • the microneedle array 22 may still be removably coupled to the activation system 28 in some embodiments.
  • the needles 44 of the microneedle array 22 are hollowed-through and the side of the microneedle array 22 opposite the hollowed microneedle 44 is arranged to contact the encapsulated allergens 24 when the activation system 28 is engaged. In the orientation of FIG. 2C , the activation system 28 will engage downwards 34 to push encapsulated allergens 24 through the corresponding hollowed microneedle 44 , and then on into a subject's skin 36 .
  • FIG. 2D schematically illustrates another embodiment of a minimally invasive allergy testing system 46 . Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 2C , this allergy testing system 46 has the microneedle array 22 indirectly coupled to the activation system 28 . The microneedle array 22 may still be removably coupled to the activation system 28 in some embodiments. The microneedles 48 in this embodiment are not hollow microneedles. Instead, when the activation system 28 is engaged (downwards in the orientation of FIG. 2D ), the activation system 28 will squeeze the encapsulated allergens 24 through a groove or channel 50 near the microneedle array 22 .
  • the activation system 28 indirectly pushes the microneedle array 22 into contact with the subject 36 before, after, or while the allergens arrive at the prick location.
  • the timing of the arrival of the allergens may be controlled by several parameters, including, for example, changing the viscosity of the allergens, building in a desired flow resistance in the allergen channel 50 , and/or, choosing the strength of the allergen encapsulation to allow for a quick or a slow release of the allergens.
  • FIG. 2E is a further embodiment of an allergy testing system 52 .
  • This embodiment is similar in design and operation to the embodiment of FIG. 2A , with the addition of a sheet 54 to cover the orifice 56 where the allergen will be applied by the microneedle 32 .
  • the sheet 54 may be a thin sealing film employed over at least a portion of the orifices and a surface of the package 26 to serve as a sterile layer between the subject's skin 36 and the encapsulated allergens 24 and/or the microneedle array 22 .
  • the sealing film 54 may be removed before use or left behind on the patient's skin 36 .
  • the sealing film 54 may have a human readable code or a machine readable code, such as a barcode, or other identification marks 58 . These identifying marks can be used for orientation in the analysis stage to be discussed later in this specification. The identifying marks can also identify the various allergens being used in one or more locations. The identifying marks may be pre-imaged on the sealing film 54 , or they may be marked onto the film 54 with a microneedle 32 when the allergy test is performed. In some embodiments, the sealing film 54 may be transparent for ease in seeing the allergy test sites.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a microneedle 60 with a substantially square or rectangular cross-section in a side view and a corresponding top view, respectively.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a microneedle 62 with a substantially circular cross-section in a side view and a corresponding top view, respectively.
  • the microneedle embodiment shown in FIG. 4A illustrates another variation possible with microneedle design.
  • the microneedle 62 has a wedged top. Although other embodiments are not shown wedged, they could be modified in further embodiments to have a wedge-shaped top.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a microneedle 64 with a substantially triangular cross-section in a side view and a corresponding top view, respectively.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a microneedle 66 with a substantially square or rectangular cross-section in a side view and a corresponding top view, respectively.
  • This microneedle is a hollow microneedle, having a channel formed within the needle for the passage of allergens.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a microneedle 68 with a substantially square or rectangular cross-section in a side view and a corresponding top view, respectively.
  • This microneedle is a grooved microneedle, having a channel formed on the side of the needle for the passage of allergens.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a microneedle 70 with a changing cross-sectional area that tapers to a point.
  • microneedles in the embodiments of FIGS. 3A-8B may be combined with one another, and cross-sectional shapes may be varied.
  • a microneedle could be both hollowed and grooved at the same time.
  • the microneedles may have a height of about 50-300 microns and a diameter of about 10-80 microns in order to penetrate a subject's skin, although other embodiments may have other dimensions.
  • the microneedle array may be manufactured out of a number of different substances, for example, silicon, glass, metal, or plastic. Due to its attractive micromachining properties, silicon may be anisotropically etched using chemical and reactive ion etching processes to fabricate the microneedles, although other materials and manufacturing processes can be used.
  • FIG. 9 A further embodiment of a microneedle 72 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 9 .
  • the microneedle is corrugated around a generally pointed microneedle structure. Corrugated needle designs like this one may facilitate the entry and exit of the microneedle from the test subject 36 with a reduced amount of force. The corrugations may also provide channels for the allergens to enter a puncture site.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B another embodiment of a minimally invasive allergy testing system 74 is schematically illustrated in an exploded perspective view and an assembled side cross-sectional view, respectively.
  • the allergy testing system includes a microneedle substrate 76 that supports an array of hollow microneedles 78 with integral mesas 80 .
  • the mesas 80 are not absolutely necessary, but in some embodiments, they can provide stability for the microneedles 78 as the microneedles are engaged. (This will be explained in more detail later.)
  • a linear array of microneedles having mesas are illustrated in this embodiment, but other embodiments may have other numbers and types of components in other shapes and configurations.
  • the substrate 76 , microneedles 78 , and mesas 80 may be manufactured from a number of different materials, such as silicon, glass, metal, or plastic.
  • the microsystem allergy testing device 74 also includes a package assembly 82 which houses the substrate 76 , microneedles 78 , and mesas 80 such that the top surface of substrate 76 rests against a compressible stop 84 along an inner surface of the package 82 .
  • the compressible stop 84 may be permanently compressible, or may be an energy storage device such as a spring.
  • the microneedles 78 are mounted for movement within the package 82 from a position where the upper tips of the microneedles 78 lie within orifices 86 , such that they do not protrude significantly outside of the package assembly, to a position protruding outside of the package assembly 82 .
  • An encapsulated set of allergens 88 associated with each hollow microneedle 78 is sandwiched between the substrate 76 and the plunger 90 .
  • the plunger 90 may be activated by an activation system (not shown), such as manual pressure, mechanical systems, electromechanical systems, piezoelectric, or a micromechanical actuator. Pressure applied to the plunger 90 causes the release of substrate 76 from resting stop 84 as well as the flow of allergens 88 through the channels associated with one of the hollow microneedles 78 positioned adjacent each encapsulated allergen.
  • Motion of substrate 76 causes each of the microneedles 78 to protrude out of the package assembly 82 through the orifices 86 towards the patient's skin (not shown in this figure, but in this embodiment, the test subject would be above the allergy testing system 74 as oriented.)
  • the plunger is depressed far enough, the microneedles 78 pierce the patient's skin while mesas 80 fit into orifices 86 in package 82 to help increase travel and positional stability of the microneedles 78 .
  • This embodiment also optionally has a thin sealing film 92 employed over a surface of the package assembly 82 to serve as a sterile layer between the subject's skin and the microneedles 78 .
  • Sealing film 92 may be removed before use or left behind on the patient's skin along with human readable, barcode, or other identifying marks 94 . Such identifying marks have been discussed above with regard to previous embodiments.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B another embodiment of a minimally invasive allergy testing system 96 is schematically illustrated in an exploded perspective view and an assembled side cross-sectional view, respectively.
  • the allergy testing device 96 illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B is similar in structure and operation to the allergy testing device 74 embodied in FIGS. 10A and 10B , except as described herein.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B In the embodiment of FIGS.
  • solid microneedles 98 are used along with encapsulated allergens 100 that are located in the path between the microneedles 98 and the patient's skin (again, the skin is not illustrated in this embodiment, but the test subject would be above the allergy testing system 96 in the orientation illustrated.)
  • microneedles 98 puncture the encapsulated allergens 100 , releasing the allergens, and continue to move outward until they also penetrate the subject skin. After the patient's skin is pricked by the microneedles 98 , the allergen is then free to penetrate.
  • FIGS. 12A-12C schematically illustrate one possible method of applying allergens to a subject using an embodiment of an allergy testing system.
  • the minimally invasive allergy testing system 102 is placed in contact with a subject's skin 36 . Since this embodiment of an allergy testing system 102 has a sealing layer 92 , that is the portion of the test system initially in contact with the skin 36 . In other systems, the portion initially in contact with the skin 36 might be the package assembly 82 .
  • the microneedle array is in a resting position.
  • FIG. 12B the plunger 90 is activated, in the orientation of FIG.
  • the substrate 76 in a downward direction, causing the substrate 76 to compress the compressible stop 84 .
  • This causes the microneedles 98 to puncture the encapsulated allergens 100 , the sealing layer 92 , and then the skin 36 .
  • the microneedle array 98 is in an penetrating position.
  • the compressible stop 84 is an energy storage device, such as a memory foam or a spring, then in a further step, FIG. 12C , the compressible stop 84 retracts the substrate 76 and therefore lifts the microneedles 98 from the skin 36 and substantially back into the resting position.
  • the encapsulated allergens 100 are allowed to enter the puncture holes in the optional sealing layer 92 and the holes in the skin 36 .
  • the various possible needle shapes and geometries have been discussed earlier, and the microneedle shapes illustrated in this example are not intended to be limiting.
  • microneedles of differing lengths on the same substrate 76 may be used. A benefit of providing different length microneedles may be to allow different allergens to reach a targeted skin depth, or to test the same allergen at different depths for studied comparisons.
  • FIGS. 12 D 1 - 12 D 4 schematically illustrate different embodiments of gathering and analyzing allergy test data after the allergens have been applied by the allergy testing system in FIGS. 12A-12C .
  • FIG. 12 D 1 schematically illustrates a test subject's skin 36 which has been pricked and injected with allergens 100 by the microneedles 98 of a minimally invasive allergy testing system 102 .
  • the sealing layer 92 has been removed, prior to manual viewing of the test results.
  • a schematic human eye 104 is looking for a reaction 106 to a particular allergen.
  • allergy test results may be evaluated using a manual approach such as this, other methods may make it easier to distinguish results given the close spacings between allergy test points possible with microneedles. If the sealing layer 92 is left in place, as in FIG. 12 D 2 , patient information, test identification, and allergen identification may be aided by markings on the sealing layer as left behind on the skin 36 .
  • FIG. 12 D 3 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an allergy analysis system 108 which can optionally be used in place of or in conjunction with manual evaluation methods.
  • the allergy analysis system 108 includes a module 110 with imaging optics 112 .
  • the imaging optics 112 focuses images of the tested skin area on an image sensor 114 .
  • the image sensor 114 is coupled to an image analyzer or processor 116 .
  • the image analyzer 116 can analyze the captured images for color, shape, dimension, and location in the test field. Based on this analysis and correlation with what allergen was tested in which location, the analyzer 116 determines reactivity data for each allergen.
  • the reactivity data, as well as the captured images may be stored, displayed, transmitted, and/or printed by the analyzer 116 .
  • the analyzer may output this data to another processor for storage, display, further analysis, transmission, and/or printing.
  • the analyzer 116 is directly coupled to the allergy analysis system 108 .
  • the analyzer 116 may be remotely coupled to the analysis system 108 via a wireless or cabled link.
  • the image analyzer 116 may comprise a central processing unit (CPU) or processor and a memory which are coupled together by a bus or other link, although other numbers and types of components in other configurations and other types of systems, such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) could be used.
  • the processor may execute a program of stored instructions for one or more aspects of the claimed invention, including the method for determining a degree of reaction to one or more allergens as described and illustrated herein.
  • the memory stores these programmed instructions for execution by the processor.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • floppy disk hard disk
  • CD ROM compact disc-read only memory
  • other computer readable medium which is read from and/or written to by a magnetic, optical, or other reading and/or writing system that is coupled to the processor, can be used for the memory to store these programmed instructions.
  • the skin puncture site 118 shows a positive allergy reaction 106
  • skin puncture sites 120 , 122 show negative allergy reactions.
  • the imaging module 110 should be placed in alignment with the original allergy testing device 102 (from FIGS. 12A-12C ) such that the imaging optics 112 creates images of test sites 118 , 120 , and 122 .
  • These test sites 118 , 120 , 122 are associated with each allergen in correlated locations on image sensor 114 .
  • Image patterns associated with each allergen, as imaged by sensor 114 are captured and transmitted to image analyzer 116 for analysis as described above in order to identify color, shape, dimension, allergic reaction, and/or a time rate of change of the allergic response.
  • the determination of a time rate of change in the allergic response may be a great benefit to medical professionals who often do not have the time to manually observe a reaction on a continuous or substantially continuous basis that would let them see how allergic reactions vary over time.
  • an extra set of imaging optics and an extra image sensor may be displaced laterally from the other optical system to obtain stereoscopic, parallax information about a given test location. Parallax information may in turn be used to calculate topographic profiles of test regions.
  • FIG. 12 D 4 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a minimally invasive allergy testing system 124 with an integrated imaging and analysis module 110 .
  • the microneedle array 126 and plunger 128 operate in similar fashion to the corresponding elements in FIG. 12A , except as described herein.
  • the array of microneedles 126 and plunger 128 are made of glass or some other transparent material, such as transparent hard plastic, such that imaging module 110 may image the tested regions with the needles in-situ, or even slightly or completely retracted.
  • the width of the microneedles 130 relative to their spacing should be fine enough to allow enough imaging area for an adequate diagnosis of the allergic reaction.
  • FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a further embodiment of a minimally invasive allergy testing system 132 .
  • the allergy testing system 132 is coupled to a band 134 which may be wrapped around a portion of a person's body.
  • the part of the body illustrated is an arm 136 .
  • attachment band 134 could be compatible with or modified to attach to other portions of the body.
  • Attachment band 134 need not circle completely around and back to itself, although preferred embodiments may have Velcro® attachments which wrap around the body and then connect to themselves.
  • the purpose of the attachment band 134 is to hold a test frame 138 in substantially the same position during a minimally invasive allergy test.
  • the test frame 138 defines an opening in the band 134 through which the skin may be accessed.
  • the test frame 138 also has a first alignment coupling, such as a hinge 140 onto which a package 142 containing a microneedle array and encapsulated allergens may be placed for aligned engagement with the skin in the test frame 138 .
  • the test frame 138 has a second alignment coupling, such as a hinge 144 onto which an allergy imaging system 146 may be placed for aligned engagement with the skin in the test frame 138 .
  • the allergen and microneedle package 142 will be engaged with the test frame at different times from the imaging system 146 .
  • both the allergen and microneedle package 142 and the imaging system 146 may be engaged at the same time.
  • the alignment coupling does not have to be a hinged connection. It may, instead, be a temporary guide for the manual placement of an otherwise loose portion of the testing system, such as the allergen package, or the imaging system.
  • the analyzer 148 is illustrated as being remotely coupled to the imaging system 146 . This remote link may be a physical wire or a radio frequency (RF) or optical wireless link.
  • RF radio frequency
  • FIGS. 14A-14P schematically illustrate an embodiment of a process for manufacturing a replaceable allergen cartridge for use in an allergy testing system.
  • FIG. 14A The process begins, FIG. 14A , with a mold 150 , having cavities 152 and vacuum lines 154 coupled to each cavity.
  • FIG. 14B a formable layer 156 is placed on top of the mold 150 .
  • An example of a material which may be used for the formable layer 156 is polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC).
  • PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
  • FIG. 14C heat 158 is applied to the PVDC 156 , while a negative pressure 160 is applied to the vacuum lines 154 from the back side of the mold 150 . This causes the PVDC 156 to fill the mold cavities 152 .
  • a top view of the PVDC 156 coating the mold 150 may be seen in FIG. 14D .
  • allergens 162 are filled into the PVDC-wrapped cavities.
  • the array of allergens do not have to be the same, but may be any combination of unique allergens and/or repeats.
  • a plastic cover 164 such as the one shown in a top view in FIG. 14F may then be applied, FIG. 14G , to the top of the array of allergens 162 .
  • FIG. 14H illustrates the assembly package of FIG. 14G in a side view.
  • a removable seal 166 is applied to the top of the package.
  • the mold 150 can then be removed, leaving the encapsulated allergens 168 as illustrated in FIG. 14K .
  • a microneedle array 170 is formed out of silicone, glass, plastic, quartz, or metal. Suitable methods of microneedle construction have been discussed above.
  • FIG. 14M elastomer springs 172 are coupled to the substrate of the microneedle array 170 .
  • FIGS. 14L and 14M show the microneedle array 170 in a top view.
  • FIG. 14N shows the microneedle array 170 and the elastomer springs 172 in a side view.
  • the elastomer springs in this embodiment are just one type of energy storage device which may be coupled to the microneedle array 170 . Other embodiments may have energy storage devices which include metal springs and plastic springs.
  • the allergen array assembly 168 from FIG. 14K and the microneedle array assembly from FIG. 14N are coupled together as in FIG. 14P to form a replaceable allergen cartridge 174 .
  • the coupling of the two sections may be accomplished with adhesives, shrink wrapping, or packaging.
  • FIGS. 15A and 15B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a process for allergy testing using the replaceable allergen cartridge 174 of FIG. 14P .
  • FIG. 15A illustrates the replaceable cartridge 174 in contact with skin 36 after peeling away the removable seal 166 .
  • Previous discussions have covered the activation systems and imaging systems which may be used with the microneedle array and encapsulated allergen components of the replaceable cartridge. For simplicity, and to avoid duplication, those other elements are not shown here. Instead, FIG. 15B illustrates how the encapsulated allergens in this embodiment of a replaceable allergen cartridge may be compressed into the puncture area 176 of the microneedles.

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US20110092844A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-04-21 Bargo Paulo R Micro-insult test and use therefor
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WO2018226563A1 (fr) * 2017-06-05 2018-12-13 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Timbres à micro-aiguilles pour administration transdermique
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WO2007008800A2 (fr) 2007-01-18
US20110270122A1 (en) 2011-11-03
US7942827B2 (en) 2011-05-17
WO2007008824A2 (fr) 2007-01-18
WO2007008824A3 (fr) 2007-10-04
US20080269635A1 (en) 2008-10-30
WO2007008800A3 (fr) 2007-05-10

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